212 lines
17 KiB
Plaintext
212 lines
17 KiB
Plaintext
SAINT PIERRE AND MIQUELON
|
||
(territorial collectivity of France)
|
||
GEOGRAPHY
|
||
Total area: 242 km2; land area: 242 km2; includes eight small
|
||
islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups
|
||
|
||
Comparative area: slightly less than 1.5 times the size of
|
||
Washington, DC
|
||
|
||
Land boundaries: none
|
||
|
||
Coastline: 120 km
|
||
|
||
Maritime claims:
|
||
|
||
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;
|
||
|
||
Territorial sea: 12 nm
|
||
|
||
Disputes: focus of maritime boundary dispute between Canada and
|
||
France
|
||
|
||
Climate: cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn
|
||
are windy
|
||
|
||
Terrain: mostly barren rock
|
||
|
||
Natural resources: fish, deepwater ports
|
||
|
||
Land use: arable land 13%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and
|
||
pastures 0%; forest and woodland 4%; other 83%
|
||
|
||
Environment: vegetation scanty
|
||
|
||
Note: located 25 km south of Newfoundland, Canada, in the
|
||
North Atlantic Ocean
|
||
|
||
PEOPLE
|
||
Population: 6,356 (July 1991), growth rate 0.4% (1991)
|
||
|
||
Birth rate: 17 births/1,000 population (1991)
|
||
|
||
Death rate: 7 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
|
||
|
||
Net migration rate: - 6 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
|
||
|
||
Infant mortality rate: 9 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
|
||
|
||
Life expectancy at birth: 72 years male, 79 years female (1991)
|
||
|
||
Total fertility rate: 2.2 children born/woman (1991)
|
||
|
||
Nationality: noun--Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women);
|
||
adjective--French
|
||
|
||
Ethnic divisions: originally Basques and Bretons (French fishermen)
|
||
|
||
Religion: Roman Catholic 98%
|
||
|
||
Language: French
|
||
|
||
Literacy: 99% (male 99%, female 99%) age 15 and over can
|
||
read and write (1982)
|
||
|
||
Labor force: 2,850 (1988)
|
||
|
||
Organized labor: Workers' Force trade union
|
||
|
||
GOVERNMENT
|
||
Long-form name: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and
|
||
Miquelon
|
||
|
||
Type: territorial collectivity of France
|
||
|
||
Capital: Saint-Pierre
|
||
|
||
Administrative divisions: none (territorial collectivity of France)
|
||
|
||
Independence: none (territorial collectivity of France);
|
||
note--has been under French control since 1763
|
||
Constitution: 28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
|
||
|
||
Legal system: French law
|
||
|
||
National holiday: National Day, 14 July (Taking of the Bastille)
|
||
|
||
Executive branch: commissioner of the Republic
|
||
|
||
Legislative branch: unicameral General Council
|
||
|
||
Judicial branch: Superior Tribunal of Appeals (Tribunal Superieur
|
||
d'Appel)
|
||
|
||
Leaders:
|
||
|
||
Chief of State--President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May
|
||
1981);
|
||
|
||
Head of Government--Commissioner of the Republic Jean-Pierre
|
||
MARQUIE (since February 1989); President of the General Council Marc
|
||
PLANTEGENEST (since NA)
|
||
|
||
Political parties and leaders: Socialist Party (PS);
|
||
Union for French Democracy (UDF/CDS), Gerard GRIGNON
|
||
|
||
Suffrage: universal at age 18
|
||
|
||
Elections:
|
||
|
||
General Council--last held September-October 1988 (next to be
|
||
held September 1994);
|
||
results--percent of vote by party NA;
|
||
seats--(19 total) Socialist and other left-wing parties 13, UDF and
|
||
right-wing parties 6;
|
||
|
||
French President--last held 8 May 1988 (next to be held May 1995);
|
||
results--(second ballot) Jacques CHIRAC 56%, Francois MITTERRAND 44%;
|
||
|
||
French Senate--last held 24 September 1989 (next
|
||
to be held September 1992);
|
||
results--percent of vote by party NA;
|
||
seats--(1 total) PS 1;
|
||
|
||
French National Assembly--last held 5 and 12 June 1988
|
||
(next to be held June 1993);
|
||
results--percent of vote by party NA;
|
||
seats--(1 total) UDF/CDS 1
|
||
|
||
Member of: FZ, WFTU
|
||
|
||
Diplomatic representation: as a territorial collectivity of France,
|
||
local interests are represented in the US by France
|
||
|
||
Flag: the flag of France is used
|
||
|
||
ECONOMY
|
||
Overview: The inhabitants have traditionally earned their
|
||
livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the
|
||
coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because
|
||
the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre has dropped steadily over
|
||
the years. In March 1989, an agreement between France and Canada set fish
|
||
quotas for Saint Pierre's trawlers fishing in Canadian and
|
||
Canadian-claimed waters for three years. The agreement settles a
|
||
longstanding dispute that had virtually brought fish exports to a halt.
|
||
The islands are heavily subsidized by France. Imports come primarily from
|
||
Canada and France.
|
||
|
||
GDP: $50 million, per capita $7,900; real growth rate NA%
|
||
(1990 est.)
|
||
|
||
Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA%
|
||
|
||
Unemployment rate: 8.3% (1988)
|
||
|
||
Budget: revenues $18.3 million; expenditures $18.3 million,
|
||
including capital expenditures of $5.5 million (1989)
|
||
|
||
Exports: $24.1 million (f.o.b., 1988);
|
||
|
||
commodities--fish and fish products, fox and mink pelts;
|
||
|
||
partners--US 58%, France 17%, UK 11%, Canada, Portugal
|
||
|
||
Imports: $61.6 million (c.i.f., 1988);
|
||
|
||
commodities--meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery,
|
||
building materials;
|
||
|
||
partners--Canada, France, US, Netherlands, UK
|
||
|
||
External debt: $NA
|
||
|
||
Industrial production: growth rate NA%
|
||
|
||
Electricity: 10,000 kW capacity; 25 million kWh produced,
|
||
3,970 kWh per capita (1989)
|
||
|
||
Industries: fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets;
|
||
tourism
|
||
|
||
Agriculture: vegetables, cattle, sheep and pigs for local
|
||
consumption; fish catch, 20,500 metric tons (1989)
|
||
|
||
Economic aid: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral
|
||
commitments (1970-88), $493 million
|
||
|
||
Currency: French franc (plural--francs); 1 French franc (F) =
|
||
100 centimes
|
||
|
||
Exchange rates: French francs (F) per US$1--5.1307 (January 1991),
|
||
5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988), 6.0107 (1987), 6.9261
|
||
(1986), 8.9852 (1985)
|
||
|
||
Fiscal year: calendar year
|
||
|
||
COMMUNICATIONS
|
||
Highways: 120 km total; 60 km paved (1985)
|
||
|
||
Ports: Saint Pierre
|
||
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
|
||
|
||
Airports: 2 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways,
|
||
none with runways over 2,439 m; 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m
|
||
|
||
Telecommunications: 3,601 telephones; stations--1 AM, 3 FM, no TV;
|
||
radiotelecommunication with most countries in the world; 1
|
||
earth station in French domestic system
|
||
|
||
DEFENSE FORCES
|
||
Note: defense is the responsibility of France
|
||
|
||
|