233 lines
19 KiB
Plaintext
233 lines
19 KiB
Plaintext
BURUNDI
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GEOGRAPHY
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Total area: 27,830 km2; land area: 25,650 km2
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Comparative area: slightly larger than Maryland
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Land boundaries: 974 km total; Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km,
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Zaire 233 km
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Coastline: none--landlocked
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Maritime claims: none--landlocked
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Climate: temperate; warm; occasional frost in uplands
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Terrain: mostly rolling to hilly highland; some plains
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Natural resources: nickel, uranium, rare earth oxide, peat, cobalt,
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copper, platinum (not yet exploited), vanadium
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Land use: arable land 43%; permanent crops 8%; meadows and pastures
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35%; forest and woodland 2%; other 12%; includes irrigated NEGL%
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Environment: soil exhaustion; soil erosion; deforestation
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Note: landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed
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PEOPLE
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Population: 5,831,233 (July 1991), growth rate 3.2% (1991)
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Birth rate: 47 births/1,000 population (1991)
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Death rate: 15 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
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Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
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Infant mortality rate: 109 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
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Life expectancy at birth: 50 years male, 54 years female (1991)
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Total fertility rate: 6.9 children born/woman (1991)
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Nationality: noun--Burundian(s); adjective--Burundi
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Ethnic divisions: Africans--Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%,
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Twa (Pygmy) 1%; other Africans include about 70,000 refugees, mostly
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Rwandans and Zairians; non-Africans include about 3,000 Europeans and
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2,000 South Asians
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Religion: Christian about 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%).
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indigenous beliefs 32%, Muslim 1%
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Language: Kirundi and French (official); Swahili (along Lake
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Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)
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Literacy: 50% (male 61%, female 40%) age 15 and over can
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read and write (1990 est.)
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Labor force: 1,900,000 (1983 est.); agriculture 93.0%, government
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4.0%, industry and commerce 1.5%, services 1.5; 52% of population of
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working age (1985)
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Organized labor: sole group is the Union of Burundi Workers (UTB);
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by charter, membership is extended to all Burundi workers (informally);
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active membership figures NA
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GOVERNMENT
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Long-form name: Republic of Burundi
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Type: republic
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Capital: Bujumbura
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Administrative divisions: 15 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura, Bururi,
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Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya,
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Muyinga, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi
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Independence: 1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian
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administration)
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Constitution: 20 November 1981; suspended following the coup of
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3 September 1987; referendum for a new constitution scheduled for
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March 1992
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Legal system: based on German and Belgian civil codes and
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customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
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National holiday: Independence Day, 1 July (1962)
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Executive branch: president; chairman of the Central Committee
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of the National Party of Unity and Progress (UPRONA), prime minister
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Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Assemblee
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Nationale) was dissolved following the coup of 3 September 1987;
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at an extraordinary party congress held from 27 to 29 December 1990,
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the Central Committee of the National Party of Unity and Progress
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(UPRONA) replaced the Military Committee for National Salvation, and
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became the supreme governing body during the transition to constitutional
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government
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Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)
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Leaders:
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Chief of State--President Pierre BUYOYA (since 9 September 1987);
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Head of Government Prime Minister Adrien SIBOMANA (since 26
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October 1988)
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Political parties and leaders: only party--National Party of
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Unity and Progress (UPRONA), President Pierre BUYOYA, chairman, and
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Nicolas MAYUGI, secretary general
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Suffrage: universal adult at age NA
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Elections:
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National Assembly--dissolved after the coup of 3 September
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1987;
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note--The National Unity Charter outlining the principles for
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constitutional government was adopted by a national referendum on 5
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February 1991
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Communists: no Communist party
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Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, ECA, FAO, G-77,
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GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, ITU,
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LORCS, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Julien KAVAKURE; Chancery at
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Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington DC 20007;
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telephone (202) 342-2574;
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US--Ambassador Cynthia Shepherd PERRY; Embassy at Avenue du Zaire,
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Bujumbura (mailing address is B. P. 1720, Avenue des Etats-Unis,
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Bujumbura); telephone 234-54 through 56
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Flag: divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and
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bottom) and green panels (hoist side and outer side) with a white disk
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superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined
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in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars
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below)
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ECONOMY
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Overview: A landlocked, resource-poor country in an early stage
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of economic development, Burundi is predominately agricultural with only
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a few basic industries. Its economic health depends on the coffee
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crop, which accounts for an average 90% of foreign exchange earnings each
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year. The ability to pay for imports therefore continues to rest largely
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on the vagaries of the climate and the international coffee market.
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GDP: $1.1 billion, per capita $200; real growth rate 1.5% (1989)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices): 11.7% (1989)
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Unemployment rate: NA%
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Budget: revenues $158 million; expenditures $204 million,
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including capital expenditures of $131 million (1989 est.)
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Exports: $81 million (f.o.b., 1989);
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commodities--coffee 88%, tea, hides, and skins;
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partners--EC 83%, US 5%, Asia 2%
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Imports: $197 million (c.i.f., 1989);
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commodities--capital goods 31%, petroleum products 15%, foodstuffs,
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consumer goods;
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partners--EC 57%, Asia 23%, US 3%
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External debt: $957 million (December 1990 est.)
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Industrial production: real growth rate 5.1% (1986); accounts
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for about 10% of GDP
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Electricity: 51,000 kW capacity; 105 million kWh produced, 19 kWh
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per capita (1989)
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Industries: light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap;
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assembly of imports; public works construction; food processing
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Agriculture: accounts for 60% of GDP; 90% of population dependent
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on subsistence farming; marginally self-sufficient in food production;
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cash crops--coffee, cotton, tea; food crops--corn, sorghum, sweet
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potatoes, bananas, manioc; livestock--meat, milk, hides, and skins
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Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $71
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million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
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(1970-88), $10.1 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $32 million;
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Communist countries (1970-89), $175 million
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Currency: Burundi franc (plural--francs); 1 Burundi franc
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(FBu) = 100 centimes
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Exchange rates: Burundi francs (FBu) per US$1--163.29 (January
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1991), 171.26 (1990), 158.67 (1989), 140.40 (1988), 123.56 (1987), 114.17
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(1986), 120.69 (1985)
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Fiscal year: calendar year
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COMMUNICATIONS
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Highways: 5,900 km total; 400 km paved, 2,500 km gravel or
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laterite, 3,000 km improved or unimproved earth
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Inland waterways: Lake Tanganyika
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Ports: Bujumbura (lake port) connects to transportation systems of
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Tanzania and Zaire
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Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft
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Airports: 8 total, 7 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runways;
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none with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; none
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with runways 1,220 to 2,439 m
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Telecommunications: sparse system of wire, radiocommunications, and
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low-capacity radio relay links; 8,000 telephones; stations--2 AM, 2 FM, 1
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TV; 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth station
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DEFENSE FORCES
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Branches: Army (includes naval and air units); paramilitary
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Gendarmerie
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Manpower availability: males 15-49, 1,268,342; 661,888 fit for
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military service; 64,538 reach military age (16) annually
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Defense expenditures: $33 million, 3.1% of GDP (1988)
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