233 lines
19 KiB
Plaintext
233 lines
19 KiB
Plaintext
|
BURUNDI
|
|||
|
|
GEOGRAPHY
|
|||
|
|
Total area: 27,830 km2; land area: 25,650 km2
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Comparative area: slightly larger than Maryland
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Land boundaries: 974 km total; Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km,
|
|||
|
|
Zaire 233 km
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Coastline: none--landlocked
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Maritime claims: none--landlocked
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Climate: temperate; warm; occasional frost in uplands
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Terrain: mostly rolling to hilly highland; some plains
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Natural resources: nickel, uranium, rare earth oxide, peat, cobalt,
|
|||
|
|
copper, platinum (not yet exploited), vanadium
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Land use: arable land 43%; permanent crops 8%; meadows and pastures
|
|||
|
|
35%; forest and woodland 2%; other 12%; includes irrigated NEGL%
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Environment: soil exhaustion; soil erosion; deforestation
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Note: landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
PEOPLE
|
|||
|
|
Population: 5,831,233 (July 1991), growth rate 3.2% (1991)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Birth rate: 47 births/1,000 population (1991)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Death rate: 15 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Infant mortality rate: 109 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Life expectancy at birth: 50 years male, 54 years female (1991)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Total fertility rate: 6.9 children born/woman (1991)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Nationality: noun--Burundian(s); adjective--Burundi
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Ethnic divisions: Africans--Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%,
|
|||
|
|
Twa (Pygmy) 1%; other Africans include about 70,000 refugees, mostly
|
|||
|
|
Rwandans and Zairians; non-Africans include about 3,000 Europeans and
|
|||
|
|
2,000 South Asians
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Religion: Christian about 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%).
|
|||
|
|
indigenous beliefs 32%, Muslim 1%
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Language: Kirundi and French (official); Swahili (along Lake
|
|||
|
|
Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Literacy: 50% (male 61%, female 40%) age 15 and over can
|
|||
|
|
read and write (1990 est.)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Labor force: 1,900,000 (1983 est.); agriculture 93.0%, government
|
|||
|
|
4.0%, industry and commerce 1.5%, services 1.5; 52% of population of
|
|||
|
|
working age (1985)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Organized labor: sole group is the Union of Burundi Workers (UTB);
|
|||
|
|
by charter, membership is extended to all Burundi workers (informally);
|
|||
|
|
active membership figures NA
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
GOVERNMENT
|
|||
|
|
Long-form name: Republic of Burundi
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Type: republic
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Capital: Bujumbura
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Administrative divisions: 15 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura, Bururi,
|
|||
|
|
Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya,
|
|||
|
|
Muyinga, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Independence: 1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian
|
|||
|
|
administration)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Constitution: 20 November 1981; suspended following the coup of
|
|||
|
|
3 September 1987; referendum for a new constitution scheduled for
|
|||
|
|
March 1992
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Legal system: based on German and Belgian civil codes and
|
|||
|
|
customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
National holiday: Independence Day, 1 July (1962)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Executive branch: president; chairman of the Central Committee
|
|||
|
|
of the National Party of Unity and Progress (UPRONA), prime minister
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Assemblee
|
|||
|
|
Nationale) was dissolved following the coup of 3 September 1987;
|
|||
|
|
at an extraordinary party congress held from 27 to 29 December 1990,
|
|||
|
|
the Central Committee of the National Party of Unity and Progress
|
|||
|
|
(UPRONA) replaced the Military Committee for National Salvation, and
|
|||
|
|
became the supreme governing body during the transition to constitutional
|
|||
|
|
government
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Leaders:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Chief of State--President Pierre BUYOYA (since 9 September 1987);
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Head of Government Prime Minister Adrien SIBOMANA (since 26
|
|||
|
|
October 1988)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Political parties and leaders: only party--National Party of
|
|||
|
|
Unity and Progress (UPRONA), President Pierre BUYOYA, chairman, and
|
|||
|
|
Nicolas MAYUGI, secretary general
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Suffrage: universal adult at age NA
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Elections:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
National Assembly--dissolved after the coup of 3 September
|
|||
|
|
1987;
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
note--The National Unity Charter outlining the principles for
|
|||
|
|
constitutional government was adopted by a national referendum on 5
|
|||
|
|
February 1991
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Communists: no Communist party
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, ECA, FAO, G-77,
|
|||
|
|
GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, ITU,
|
|||
|
|
LORCS, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Julien KAVAKURE; Chancery at
|
|||
|
|
Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington DC 20007;
|
|||
|
|
telephone (202) 342-2574;
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
US--Ambassador Cynthia Shepherd PERRY; Embassy at Avenue du Zaire,
|
|||
|
|
Bujumbura (mailing address is B. P. 1720, Avenue des Etats-Unis,
|
|||
|
|
Bujumbura); telephone 234-54 through 56
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Flag: divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and
|
|||
|
|
bottom) and green panels (hoist side and outer side) with a white disk
|
|||
|
|
superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined
|
|||
|
|
in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars
|
|||
|
|
below)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
ECONOMY
|
|||
|
|
Overview: A landlocked, resource-poor country in an early stage
|
|||
|
|
of economic development, Burundi is predominately agricultural with only
|
|||
|
|
a few basic industries. Its economic health depends on the coffee
|
|||
|
|
crop, which accounts for an average 90% of foreign exchange earnings each
|
|||
|
|
year. The ability to pay for imports therefore continues to rest largely
|
|||
|
|
on the vagaries of the climate and the international coffee market.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
GDP: $1.1 billion, per capita $200; real growth rate 1.5% (1989)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 11.7% (1989)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Unemployment rate: NA%
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Budget: revenues $158 million; expenditures $204 million,
|
|||
|
|
including capital expenditures of $131 million (1989 est.)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Exports: $81 million (f.o.b., 1989);
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
commodities--coffee 88%, tea, hides, and skins;
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
partners--EC 83%, US 5%, Asia 2%
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Imports: $197 million (c.i.f., 1989);
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
commodities--capital goods 31%, petroleum products 15%, foodstuffs,
|
|||
|
|
consumer goods;
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
partners--EC 57%, Asia 23%, US 3%
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
External debt: $957 million (December 1990 est.)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Industrial production: real growth rate 5.1% (1986); accounts
|
|||
|
|
for about 10% of GDP
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Electricity: 51,000 kW capacity; 105 million kWh produced, 19 kWh
|
|||
|
|
per capita (1989)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Industries: light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap;
|
|||
|
|
assembly of imports; public works construction; food processing
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Agriculture: accounts for 60% of GDP; 90% of population dependent
|
|||
|
|
on subsistence farming; marginally self-sufficient in food production;
|
|||
|
|
cash crops--coffee, cotton, tea; food crops--corn, sorghum, sweet
|
|||
|
|
potatoes, bananas, manioc; livestock--meat, milk, hides, and skins
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $71
|
|||
|
|
million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
|
|||
|
|
(1970-88), $10.1 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $32 million;
|
|||
|
|
Communist countries (1970-89), $175 million
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Currency: Burundi franc (plural--francs); 1 Burundi franc
|
|||
|
|
(FBu) = 100 centimes
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Exchange rates: Burundi francs (FBu) per US$1--163.29 (January
|
|||
|
|
1991), 171.26 (1990), 158.67 (1989), 140.40 (1988), 123.56 (1987), 114.17
|
|||
|
|
(1986), 120.69 (1985)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Fiscal year: calendar year
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
COMMUNICATIONS
|
|||
|
|
Highways: 5,900 km total; 400 km paved, 2,500 km gravel or
|
|||
|
|
laterite, 3,000 km improved or unimproved earth
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Inland waterways: Lake Tanganyika
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Ports: Bujumbura (lake port) connects to transportation systems of
|
|||
|
|
Tanzania and Zaire
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Airports: 8 total, 7 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runways;
|
|||
|
|
none with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; none
|
|||
|
|
with runways 1,220 to 2,439 m
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Telecommunications: sparse system of wire, radiocommunications, and
|
|||
|
|
low-capacity radio relay links; 8,000 telephones; stations--2 AM, 2 FM, 1
|
|||
|
|
TV; 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth station
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
DEFENSE FORCES
|
|||
|
|
Branches: Army (includes naval and air units); paramilitary
|
|||
|
|
Gendarmerie
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Manpower availability: males 15-49, 1,268,342; 661,888 fit for
|
|||
|
|
military service; 64,538 reach military age (16) annually
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Defense expenditures: $33 million, 3.1% of GDP (1988)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|