132 lines
8.1 KiB
Plaintext
132 lines
8.1 KiB
Plaintext
ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßÛßßßßßÛÛÜ ÜÜßßßßÜÜÜÜ ÜÛÜ ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÜÜÜÜÛßß ßÛÛ
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ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÛ ÜÛÛÛÜÛÛÜÜÜ ßÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÜÜÜÛÛÝ Ûß
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ßßßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ÞÝ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßßÛÜÞÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßßÛÛÛÞß
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Mo.iMP ÜÛÛÜ ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÝ ßÛß
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ß ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ÜÛ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß
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ÜÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÜÜ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÞÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛßß
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ÜÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÛÛÜÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛ ßÛÛÛÛÛ Ü ÛÝÛÛÛÛÛ Ü
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ÜÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ßÛÜ ßÛÛÛÜÜ ÜÜÛÛÛß ÞÛ ÞÛÛÛÝ ÜÜÛÛ
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ÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÜ ßßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÜÜÜß ÛÛÛÛÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÛÛÛÛÛß
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ßÛÜ ÜÛÛÛß ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßßÜÜ ßßÜÛÛßß ßÛÛÜ ßßßÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßß
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ßßßßß ßßÛÛß ßßßßß ßßßßßßßßßßßßß
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ARRoGANT CoURiERS WiTH ESSaYS
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Grade Level: Type of Work Subject/Topic is on:
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[ ]6-8 [ ]Class Notes [Essay on Quebec's ]
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[x]9-10 [ ]Cliff Notes [quiet revolution. ]
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[ ]11-12 [x]Essay/Report [ ]
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[ ]College [ ]Misc [ ]
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Dizzed: 09/94 # of Words:1078 School: ? State: ?
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ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>Chop Here>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
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Quebec's Quiet revolution: What is it? How has it changed Quebec's
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society? How has it affected Confederation?
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The English-French relations have not always been easy. Each is always
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arguing and accusing the other of wrong doings. All this hatred and
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differences started in the past, and this Quiet revolution, right after a
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new Liberal government led by Jean Lesage came in 1960. Thus was the
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beginning of the Quiet Revolution.
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Lesage had an excellent team of cabinet ministers which included Rene
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Levesque. The Liberals promised to do two things during the Quiet
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Revolution; one was to improve economic and social standards for the people
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of Quebec, and the other was to win greater respect and recognition for all
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the French people of Canada. The Liberals started a program to take
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control of hydro-electric power companies. French-Canadian engineers from
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all over Canada returned to Quebec to work on the project. Slogans during
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these times were "we can do it" and "masters in our own homes". The
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government also started to replace programs the Church previously ran,
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which included hospital insurance, pension schemes and the beginning of
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Medi-Care. For these programs, the Quebec Liberals had to struggle with
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Ottawa for a larger share of the tax dollars.
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One of the greatest reforms was the modernization of the entire school
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system. The Church used to own the schools of Quebec. Most of the
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teachers were Priests, Nuns and Brothers. They provided a good education
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but Quebec needed more in business and technology. Lesage wanted a
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government-run school system that would provide Quebec with people in
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engineering, science, business and commerce.
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With the new freedom of expression, lots of books, plays and music
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about French culture were all developed in Quebec. French contemporary
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playwrights were very famous during that time. However, not all was going
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well in Quebec. The French-English relation was going bad. Many studies
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showed that French-Canadian Quebecers were earning the lowest wage in all
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of the ethnic groups in Canada. Other complaints were that the top jobs in
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Quebec were given to English speaking Canadians. Canada was going through
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the worst crisis in its history, and unless equal partnership was found a
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break-up would likely happen. Some Quebecers thought that separation was
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the only solution. They thought that as long as Quebec was associated with
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the rest of Canada, French-Canadians would never be treated equal.
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The FLQ (Front De Liberation Du Quebec) was founded in 1963. It was a
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smaller, more forceful group of separatists. They were a collection of
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groups of young people whose idea was to use terrorism to achieve
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independence for Quebec. The ALQ (Arm de Liberation de Quebec) was even
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more of a violent separatist group. Some of their actions included robbing
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banks in order to get money. For their ammunition they had to raid arms
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depots of the Canadian Armed Forces.
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There were many Federalists that believed that separatism had no future
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and that French-Canadians could play a role in a biªlingual Canada. There
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were three Quebec men that believed in Federalism. These men were Liberals
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and their names were Pierre Trudeau, Jean Marchand and Gerard Pelletier.
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The President of France, General De Gaulle came to Quebec in 1967 and gave
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speeches to separatist groups that deemed him an enthusiast of the thoughts
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of the separatists in the struggle to fight for the liberation of Quebec.
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The Prime Minister at the time, Lester B. Pearson, criticized De Gaulle's
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remarks and said that Quebec belonged to Canada and there was no need for
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their liberation. In 1970, British Trade Commissioner James R. Cross was
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kidnapped by FLQ and wanted in return for Cross, 23 political prisoners.
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Quebec Labour Minister, Pierre Laporte was also kidnapped which started a
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Quebec crisis. After a few months Cross returned when Laporte was
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assassinated. The Quebec crisis ended several years of violence in Quebec.
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This crisis made many Quebecers upset because Ottawa sent the army into
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Quebec. Therefore English-French turmoil did not end.
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Rene Levesque was a leader who became very popular in Quebec with his
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views on independence. In 1976, Rene Levesque and the Parti Quebecois won
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the Provincial election. Now many Quebecers thought he could build up
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Quebec. Since many French were lower then English in status, Quebecers
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thought the Parti Quebecois could do something about it.
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Then the two languages became a major issue. Many businesses had a
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sign in French only, and doctors and nurses had to speak French. These
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were all effects on Bill 101 by the Parti Quebecois. Immigrants were
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educated only in French. Businesses accused the Parti Quebecois of
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practising economic blackmail.
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Quebec Nationalists wanted an independent state so that they could have
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full control over their territory. But many top authorities in Canada say
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it is not legal for a Province to leave. Levesque said that he wanted a
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Quebec that was independent but joined Canada in the market. Levesque
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wanted to protect Quebec culture. Many people in Quebec opposed the
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separation. An organization called the Positive Action Committee was
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formed to help fight the separation dispute.
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Quebec was not the only Province that wanted more political power for
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themselves. Canada was working an a new Constitution and wanted to replace
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the BNA Act of 1867. If a new Constitution was made, Quebec might remain a
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part of Canada. The Constitution had to make all the Provinces happy. It
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would have to recognize the partnership between the French and the English
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in the history of Quebec. The Federal Liberals probably helped tip the
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balance in favour of the no vote.
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The referendum campaign in the early 80's was intense. The Premier of
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Quebec, Rene Levesque and the PQ desperately wanted the vote to be a
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resounding "oui". The referendum was a critical test for the PQ
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government. The PQ's (Parti Quebecois) was elected out of the separatist
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platform. Their party represented the bone of forming independence of
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Quebec. In order for the independence movement to take greater strides,
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the Parti Qubecois would have to encourage an "our" vote in the Referendum.
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There were intense battles to win the opinion and admiration of the Quebec
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population with ads in newspapers, magazines, on T.V and radio. With a
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resounding "no vote" in the makings, Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau was
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prepared to bring on the Constitution. Trudeau made a speech on May 14th,
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which was a sincere commitment to a new Canada. He was determined that
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Canada would have a new Federal system of government.
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