257 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
257 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
File: BASIC TELCOM III
|
||
Read 88 times
|
||
|
||
*******BIOC Agent 003's course in******
|
||
* *
|
||
* ========================== *
|
||
* =BASIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS= *
|
||
* ========================== *
|
||
* PART III *
|
||
***************************************
|
||
|
||
REVISED: 14-JUL-84
|
||
|
||
PREFACE:
|
||
|
||
In part III, we will discuss the dialing procedures for domestic as well as
|
||
international dialing.We will also take a look at the telephone numbering plan.
|
||
|
||
===============================
|
||
=North American numbering plan=
|
||
===============================
|
||
|
||
In North America, the telephone numbering plan is as follows:
|
||
|
||
A) a 3 digit Numbering Plan Area (NPA) code, {ie, area code}
|
||
|
||
B) a 7 digit telephone # consisting of a 3 digit Central Office (CO) code
|
||
plus a 4 digit station #.
|
||
|
||
These 10 digits are called the network address or destination code. It is in
|
||
the format of:
|
||
|
||
Area Code Telephone #
|
||
--------- -----------
|
||
N*X NXX-XXXX
|
||
/ /
|
||
Where: N = a digit from 2-9 / * = the digit 0 or 1 / X = a digit 0-9
|
||
/ /
|
||
Area Codes:
|
||
-----------
|
||
|
||
Check your telephone book or the separate listing of area codes found on many
|
||
BBS's. Here are the Special Area Codes (SAC's):
|
||
|
||
510 - TWX (USA) 610 - TWX (Canada) 700 - New Service
|
||
710 - TWX (USA) 800 - WATS 810 - TWX (USA)
|
||
900 - DIAL-IT Services 910 - TWX (USA)
|
||
|
||
The other area codes never cross state lines, therefore each state must have
|
||
atleast one exclusive NPA code. When a community is split by a state line,
|
||
the CO #'s are often interchangable (ie, you can dial the same # from 2
|
||
different area codes)
|
||
|
||
|
||
TWX:
|
||
|
||
TWX (Telex II) consists of 5 teletype-writer area codes. They are owned by
|
||
Western Union. These SAC's may only be reached via other TWX machines. These
|
||
run at 110 baud. Besides the TWX #'s, these machines are routed to normal
|
||
telephone #'s. TWX machines always respond with an answerback. For example,
|
||
WU's FYI TWX # is (910) 988-5956, the corresponding real number to this is
|
||
(201) 279-5956. The answerback for this service is "WU FYI MAWA."
|
||
|
||
If you don't want to buy a TWX machine, you can still send TWX messages using
|
||
Easylink [800/325-4112 - see Tuc's and my article entitled "Hacking Western
|
||
Union's Easylink]
|
||
|
||
700:
|
||
|
||
At the time of this writing, the 700 exchange does not yet exist. AT&T plans
|
||
to use it soon though. They plan to make it a type of fancy call forwarding
|
||
service. It will be targeted towards salesmen on the run. To understand how it
|
||
works, I'll explain it with an example. Let's say Joe Q. Salespig works for
|
||
AT&T security and he is on the run chasing a phreak around the country who
|
||
royally screwed up an important COSMOS system. Let's say that Joe's 700 # is
|
||
(700) 382-5968. Everytime Joe goes to a new hotel, he dials a special 700 #,
|
||
enters a code, and the # where he is staying. Now, if his boss received some
|
||
important info, all he would do is dial (700) 382-5968 and it would ring
|
||
wherever Joe last programmed it to. Neat, huh?
|
||
|
||
800:
|
||
|
||
This SAC is one of my favorites since it allows for toll-free calls.
|
||
INWARD WATS (INWATS): Inward Wide Area Telecommunications Service is the 800
|
||
#'s that we are all familiar with. 800 #'s are set up in service areas or
|
||
bands. There are 6 of these. Band 6 is the largest and you can call a band
|
||
6 # from anywhere in the US except the state where the call is terminated
|
||
(this is why most companies have one 800 # for the country and then another
|
||
for just one state). Band 5 includes the 48 contiguous states. All the way
|
||
down to band 1 which includes only the states contiguous to that one.Therefore,
|
||
less people can reach a band 1 INWATS # that a band 6 #.
|
||
|
||
Intrastate INWATS #'s (ie, you can call it from only 1 state) always have a 2
|
||
as the last digit in the exchange (ie, 800-NX2-XXXX). The NXX on 800 #'s
|
||
represent the area where the business is located. For example, a # beginning
|
||
with 800-431 would terminate at a NY CO
|
||
|
||
800 #'s always end up in a hunt series in a CO. This means that it tries the
|
||
first # allocated to the company for their 800 lines; if this is busy it
|
||
will then try the next #, etc). You must have a minimum of two lines per
|
||
each 800 #. For example, Travelnet uses a hunt series. If you dial (800)
|
||
521-8400, it will first try the # associated with 8400; if it is busy it
|
||
will go to the next available port, etc. INWATS customers are billed by
|
||
the # of hours of calls that are made to their #.
|
||
|
||
OUTWATS (OUTWARD WATS): OUTWATS are for making outgoing calls only. Large
|
||
companies use OUTWATS since they receive bulk-rate discounts. Since
|
||
OUTWATS # cannot have incoming calls, they are in the format of:
|
||
|
||
(800) *XX-XXXX
|
||
|
||
Where * is the digit 0 or 1 (or it maybe designated by a letter) which cannot
|
||
be dialed unless you box the call. The *XX identifies the type of service and
|
||
the areas that the company can call.
|
||
|
||
Remember: INWATS + OUTWATS = WATS EXTENDER (see part I)
|
||
|
||
900:
|
||
|
||
This DIAL-IT SAC is a nationwide dial-it service. It is used for taking
|
||
television polls and other stuff. The first minute currently costs an
|
||
outrageous 50 cents and each additional minute costs 35 cents. Bell takes in
|
||
alot of revenue in this way.
|
||
|
||
Dial (900) 555-1212 to find out what is currently on the service.
|
||
|
||
|
||
CO CODES:
|
||
---------
|
||
|
||
These identify the switching office where the call is to be routed.
|
||
|
||
The following CO codes are reserved nationwide:
|
||
|
||
555 - directory assistance 844 - time } these are now in
|
||
936 - weather } the 976 exchange 950 - future services
|
||
958 - plant test 959 - plant test
|
||
970 - plant test (temporary) 976 - DIAL-IT services
|
||
|
||
Also, the 3 digit ANI & ringback #'s are regarded as plant test and are thus
|
||
reserved. These numbers vary from area to area.
|
||
|
||
You cannot dial a 0 or a 1 as the first digit of the exchange code (unless
|
||
using a blue box). This is due to the fact that these exchanges (000-199)
|
||
contains all sorts of interesting shit such as conference #'s, operators, test
|
||
#'s, etc.
|
||
|
||
|
||
950:[also see part I]
|
||
|
||
Here are the services that are currently on the 950 exchange:
|
||
|
||
1000 - SPC 1022 - MCI Execunet 1033 - US Telephone
|
||
1044 - Allnet 1066 - Lexitel 1088 - SBS Skyline
|
||
|
||
These SCC's (Specialized Common Carriers) are free from fortresses!
|
||
|
||
Also, the 950 exchange will probably be phased out with the introduction of
|
||
Equal Access.
|
||
|
||
Plant tests:These include ANI, ringback, and other various tests.
|
||
|
||
976:
|
||
|
||
Dial 976-1000 to see what is currently on the service. Also, many BBS's have
|
||
a listing of these #'s.
|
||
|
||
|
||
N11 Codes:
|
||
----------
|
||
|
||
Bell is trying to phase some of these out, but they still exist in many areas.
|
||
|
||
011 - international dialing prefix 211 - coin refund operator
|
||
411 - directory assistance 611 - repair service
|
||
811 - business office 911 - EMERGENCY
|
||
|
||
|
||
=======================
|
||
=International Dialing=
|
||
=======================
|
||
|
||
With International Dialing, the world has been divided into 9 numbering zones.
|
||
|
||
To make an internation call, you must dial:Int. Prefix + Country Code + Nat. #
|
||
|
||
In North America, the international dialing prefix is 011 for
|
||
station-to-station calls and 01 for operator-assisted calls. If you can dial
|
||
international #'s directly in your area then you have International Direct
|
||
Distance Dialing (IDDD).
|
||
|
||
The country code, which varies from 1 to 3 digits, always has the world
|
||
numbering zone as the first digit. For example, the country code for the
|
||
United Kingdom is 44, thus it is in world numbering zone 4.
|
||
|
||
Some boards may contain a complete listing of other country codes, but
|
||
here are a few:
|
||
|
||
1 - North America (US, Canada,etc) 20 - Egypt
|
||
258 - Mozambique 34 - Spain
|
||
49 - Germany 52 - Mexico (Southern portion)
|
||
61 - Australia 7 - USSR
|
||
81 - Japan 98 - Iran
|
||
|
||
If you call from an area other than North America, the format is generally
|
||
the same. For example, let's say you wanted to call the White House from
|
||
Switzerland. First you would dial 00 (the Swiss international dialing prefix),
|
||
then 1 (the US country code), followed by 202-456-1414 (the national # for the
|
||
White House).
|
||
|
||
Also, country code 87 is reserved for Maritime mobile service, ie calling
|
||
ships:
|
||
|
||
871 - Marisat (Atlantic) 872 - Marisat (Pacific) 873 - Marisat (Indian)
|
||
|
||
International Switching:
|
||
|
||
In North America, there are currently 7 No. 4 ESS's that perform the duty of
|
||
ISC (Internation Switching Centers). All international calls dialed from
|
||
Numbering Zone 1 will be routed through one of these "gateway cities." They
|
||
are:
|
||
|
||
182 - White Plains, NY 183 - New York, NY 184 - Pittsburgh, PA
|
||
185 - Orlando, FL 186 - Oakland, CA 187 - Denver, CO
|
||
188 - New York, NY
|
||
|
||
The 18X series are operator routing codes for overseas access (to be further
|
||
discussed with blue boxes). All international calls use a signaling system
|
||
called CCITT. It is an international standard for signaling.
|
||
|
||
For more extensive information on International dialing, especially concering
|
||
the operator routing codes, I suggest that you read Dr. Jimmy's article on
|
||
International Dialing.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Coming Soon:
|
||
------------
|
||
|
||
In part IV, we will discuss switching equipment, various operators, CO types,
|
||
etc.
|
||
|
||
Phreaking lives in '84,
|
||
|
||
*****BIOC
|
||
*=$=*Agent
|
||
*****003
|
||
Knights of Shadow
|
||
|
||
<<=-FARGO 4A-=>>
|
||
|
||
PS Please feel free to send any suggestions, corrections, comments, and/or
|
||
threats to me.
|
||
|
||
PPS Other BBS's are welcome to use this material on their board, providing
|
||
they do not change anything.
|
||
Call The Works BBS - 1600+ Textfiles! - [914]/238-8195 - 300/1200 - Always Open
|
||
|