257 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
257 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
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File: BASIC TELCOM III
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Read 88 times
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*******BIOC Agent 003's course in******
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* *
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* ========================== *
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* =BASIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS= *
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* ========================== *
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* PART III *
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***************************************
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REVISED: 14-JUL-84
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PREFACE:
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In part III, we will discuss the dialing procedures for domestic as well as
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international dialing.We will also take a look at the telephone numbering plan.
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===============================
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=North American numbering plan=
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===============================
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In North America, the telephone numbering plan is as follows:
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A) a 3 digit Numbering Plan Area (NPA) code, {ie, area code}
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B) a 7 digit telephone # consisting of a 3 digit Central Office (CO) code
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plus a 4 digit station #.
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These 10 digits are called the network address or destination code. It is in
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the format of:
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Area Code Telephone #
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--------- -----------
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N*X NXX-XXXX
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/ /
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Where: N = a digit from 2-9 / * = the digit 0 or 1 / X = a digit 0-9
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/ /
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Area Codes:
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-----------
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Check your telephone book or the separate listing of area codes found on many
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BBS's. Here are the Special Area Codes (SAC's):
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510 - TWX (USA) 610 - TWX (Canada) 700 - New Service
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710 - TWX (USA) 800 - WATS 810 - TWX (USA)
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900 - DIAL-IT Services 910 - TWX (USA)
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The other area codes never cross state lines, therefore each state must have
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atleast one exclusive NPA code. When a community is split by a state line,
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the CO #'s are often interchangable (ie, you can dial the same # from 2
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different area codes)
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TWX:
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TWX (Telex II) consists of 5 teletype-writer area codes. They are owned by
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Western Union. These SAC's may only be reached via other TWX machines. These
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run at 110 baud. Besides the TWX #'s, these machines are routed to normal
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telephone #'s. TWX machines always respond with an answerback. For example,
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WU's FYI TWX # is (910) 988-5956, the corresponding real number to this is
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(201) 279-5956. The answerback for this service is "WU FYI MAWA."
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If you don't want to buy a TWX machine, you can still send TWX messages using
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Easylink [800/325-4112 - see Tuc's and my article entitled "Hacking Western
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Union's Easylink]
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700:
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At the time of this writing, the 700 exchange does not yet exist. AT&T plans
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to use it soon though. They plan to make it a type of fancy call forwarding
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service. It will be targeted towards salesmen on the run. To understand how it
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works, I'll explain it with an example. Let's say Joe Q. Salespig works for
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AT&T security and he is on the run chasing a phreak around the country who
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royally screwed up an important COSMOS system. Let's say that Joe's 700 # is
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(700) 382-5968. Everytime Joe goes to a new hotel, he dials a special 700 #,
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enters a code, and the # where he is staying. Now, if his boss received some
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important info, all he would do is dial (700) 382-5968 and it would ring
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wherever Joe last programmed it to. Neat, huh?
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800:
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This SAC is one of my favorites since it allows for toll-free calls.
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INWARD WATS (INWATS): Inward Wide Area Telecommunications Service is the 800
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#'s that we are all familiar with. 800 #'s are set up in service areas or
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bands. There are 6 of these. Band 6 is the largest and you can call a band
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6 # from anywhere in the US except the state where the call is terminated
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(this is why most companies have one 800 # for the country and then another
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for just one state). Band 5 includes the 48 contiguous states. All the way
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down to band 1 which includes only the states contiguous to that one.Therefore,
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less people can reach a band 1 INWATS # that a band 6 #.
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Intrastate INWATS #'s (ie, you can call it from only 1 state) always have a 2
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as the last digit in the exchange (ie, 800-NX2-XXXX). The NXX on 800 #'s
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represent the area where the business is located. For example, a # beginning
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with 800-431 would terminate at a NY CO
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800 #'s always end up in a hunt series in a CO. This means that it tries the
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first # allocated to the company for their 800 lines; if this is busy it
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will then try the next #, etc). You must have a minimum of two lines per
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each 800 #. For example, Travelnet uses a hunt series. If you dial (800)
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521-8400, it will first try the # associated with 8400; if it is busy it
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will go to the next available port, etc. INWATS customers are billed by
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the # of hours of calls that are made to their #.
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OUTWATS (OUTWARD WATS): OUTWATS are for making outgoing calls only. Large
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companies use OUTWATS since they receive bulk-rate discounts. Since
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OUTWATS # cannot have incoming calls, they are in the format of:
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(800) *XX-XXXX
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Where * is the digit 0 or 1 (or it maybe designated by a letter) which cannot
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be dialed unless you box the call. The *XX identifies the type of service and
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the areas that the company can call.
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Remember: INWATS + OUTWATS = WATS EXTENDER (see part I)
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900:
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This DIAL-IT SAC is a nationwide dial-it service. It is used for taking
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television polls and other stuff. The first minute currently costs an
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outrageous 50 cents and each additional minute costs 35 cents. Bell takes in
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alot of revenue in this way.
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Dial (900) 555-1212 to find out what is currently on the service.
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CO CODES:
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---------
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These identify the switching office where the call is to be routed.
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The following CO codes are reserved nationwide:
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555 - directory assistance 844 - time } these are now in
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936 - weather } the 976 exchange 950 - future services
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958 - plant test 959 - plant test
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970 - plant test (temporary) 976 - DIAL-IT services
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Also, the 3 digit ANI & ringback #'s are regarded as plant test and are thus
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reserved. These numbers vary from area to area.
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You cannot dial a 0 or a 1 as the first digit of the exchange code (unless
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using a blue box). This is due to the fact that these exchanges (000-199)
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contains all sorts of interesting shit such as conference #'s, operators, test
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#'s, etc.
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950:[also see part I]
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Here are the services that are currently on the 950 exchange:
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1000 - SPC 1022 - MCI Execunet 1033 - US Telephone
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1044 - Allnet 1066 - Lexitel 1088 - SBS Skyline
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These SCC's (Specialized Common Carriers) are free from fortresses!
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Also, the 950 exchange will probably be phased out with the introduction of
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Equal Access.
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Plant tests:These include ANI, ringback, and other various tests.
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976:
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Dial 976-1000 to see what is currently on the service. Also, many BBS's have
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a listing of these #'s.
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N11 Codes:
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----------
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Bell is trying to phase some of these out, but they still exist in many areas.
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011 - international dialing prefix 211 - coin refund operator
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411 - directory assistance 611 - repair service
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811 - business office 911 - EMERGENCY
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=======================
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=International Dialing=
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=======================
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With International Dialing, the world has been divided into 9 numbering zones.
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To make an internation call, you must dial:Int. Prefix + Country Code + Nat. #
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In North America, the international dialing prefix is 011 for
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station-to-station calls and 01 for operator-assisted calls. If you can dial
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international #'s directly in your area then you have International Direct
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Distance Dialing (IDDD).
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The country code, which varies from 1 to 3 digits, always has the world
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numbering zone as the first digit. For example, the country code for the
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United Kingdom is 44, thus it is in world numbering zone 4.
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Some boards may contain a complete listing of other country codes, but
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here are a few:
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1 - North America (US, Canada,etc) 20 - Egypt
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258 - Mozambique 34 - Spain
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49 - Germany 52 - Mexico (Southern portion)
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61 - Australia 7 - USSR
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81 - Japan 98 - Iran
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If you call from an area other than North America, the format is generally
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the same. For example, let's say you wanted to call the White House from
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Switzerland. First you would dial 00 (the Swiss international dialing prefix),
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then 1 (the US country code), followed by 202-456-1414 (the national # for the
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White House).
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Also, country code 87 is reserved for Maritime mobile service, ie calling
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ships:
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871 - Marisat (Atlantic) 872 - Marisat (Pacific) 873 - Marisat (Indian)
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International Switching:
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In North America, there are currently 7 No. 4 ESS's that perform the duty of
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ISC (Internation Switching Centers). All international calls dialed from
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Numbering Zone 1 will be routed through one of these "gateway cities." They
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are:
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182 - White Plains, NY 183 - New York, NY 184 - Pittsburgh, PA
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185 - Orlando, FL 186 - Oakland, CA 187 - Denver, CO
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188 - New York, NY
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The 18X series are operator routing codes for overseas access (to be further
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discussed with blue boxes). All international calls use a signaling system
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called CCITT. It is an international standard for signaling.
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For more extensive information on International dialing, especially concering
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the operator routing codes, I suggest that you read Dr. Jimmy's article on
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International Dialing.
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Coming Soon:
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------------
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In part IV, we will discuss switching equipment, various operators, CO types,
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etc.
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Phreaking lives in '84,
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*****BIOC
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*=$=*Agent
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*****003
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Knights of Shadow
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<<=-FARGO 4A-=>>
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PS Please feel free to send any suggestions, corrections, comments, and/or
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threats to me.
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PPS Other BBS's are welcome to use this material on their board, providing
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they do not change anything.
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Call The Works BBS - 1600+ Textfiles! - [914]/238-8195 - 300/1200 - Always Open
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