189 lines
8.6 KiB
Plaintext
189 lines
8.6 KiB
Plaintext
------FREQUING------
|
||
********************
|
||
* THE BASIS BEHIND *
|
||
* RADIO HACKING *
|
||
********************
|
||
PART II
|
||
|
||
|
||
This article deals with Satellite hacking, CB info, and car phone
|
||
systems.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Satellite Control
|
||
-----------------
|
||
Companies try to build satellites to last for as long a time as
|
||
possible. Unfortunately, for the companies, things in space can
|
||
happen unexpectantly and suddently. Take that satellite released by
|
||
the space shuttle. It's orbit carried it way off t he correct
|
||
altitude. The company's only hope was to fire a rocket on it in order
|
||
to bring it to the correct place.
|
||
Now think...how does one on the ground fire a rocket in space?
|
||
Radio! Gee, if the company could change the orbit, maybe we can too.
|
||
Sound interesting? Of course we were not the first to think of this.
|
||
The satellite companies have worried about this for a long time.
|
||
There are stories about top secret codes, frequencies, and protocols
|
||
required to 'nudge' one of those babies.
|
||
The only problem is that-there is little information about this out
|
||
there. If you have any info, make a text file, and let others know of
|
||
your knowledge. But let me tell you all I know about a simple
|
||
satellite whose telemetry is known well.
|
||
OSCAR 6 was a satellite sent up in order to take in amateur signals
|
||
between 145.9 and 146.0 MHz, and re-transmit them between 29.45 and
|
||
29.55 MHz using a transponder. Early in 1976, OSCAR 6 began to have
|
||
battery problems. The telemetry allowed the ground command stations
|
||
to shut the satellite off at regular intervals to prolong the useful
|
||
life of the satellite.
|
||
Now we know the satellite sent out telemetry reports at a certain
|
||
frequency (OSCAR 7 was 29.502 and 145.972 MHz). And it sent them out
|
||
in the form of Morse code at about 20 wpm. Information rate of spin,
|
||
power use, and temperature were sent out at 20 wpm. This seems to
|
||
suggest that the control might have also used morse code. Strangely
|
||
enough, there was never any information in the American Radio Relay
|
||
League magazine about just how they control the OSCAR satellites.
|
||
(Hams know what's safe and what's crazy also)
|
||
Suggestions: Don't overlook RTTY when trying to Satelhack
|
||
(Satellite hacking). Also, chances are the owners will figure out
|
||
what you did, so 'downing', the ultimate for a satelhack, is pretty
|
||
difficult.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Citizen's Band
|
||
--------------
|
||
CB is a very popular communications method. Again, you need a
|
||
license from the FCC to operate legally. But it's so hard to track
|
||
down a CB signal unless you have a massive amplifier or talk for hours
|
||
straight, there is little use in getting one. Here is a list of
|
||
channel frequencies:
|
||
|
||
Channel Frequency
|
||
(MHz)
|
||
1 26.965
|
||
2 26.975
|
||
3 26.985
|
||
4 27.005
|
||
5 27.015
|
||
6 27.025
|
||
7 27.035
|
||
8 27.055
|
||
9-emergency 27.065
|
||
10 27.075
|
||
11-contact channel 27.085
|
||
12 27.105
|
||
13 27.115
|
||
14 27.125
|
||
15 27.135
|
||
16 27.155
|
||
17 27.165
|
||
18 27.175
|
||
19-trucker's channel 27.185
|
||
20 27.205
|
||
21 27.215
|
||
22 27.225
|
||
22A (optional) 27.235
|
||
22B (optional) 27.245
|
||
23 27.255
|
||
|
||
|
||
A Cheap Ghost-Interferance
|
||
--------------------------
|
||
How can you start a real cheap ghost or interferance station? Well,
|
||
the Radio Shack wireless FM microphone (the clip on one) is pretty
|
||
good for $19.95 (price may change). It's range is said to be 100
|
||
yards, but actual tests show its range is about 100 ft. outside, 40
|
||
ft. inside. However, in the instructions it says that increasing the
|
||
battery power will make it stronger, but this would not be in
|
||
compliance with the FCC (oh darn!). One problem with this is that
|
||
with a stronger battery comes the risk of frying something inside.
|
||
Instead of trying to upgrade the silly thing, just make a new one.
|
||
Open it up and take a look at how it is made. Now, get a cheap
|
||
microphone then feed it into an amplifier like that on your stereo.
|
||
Then take the outputs of the amplifier and feed it into the same kind
|
||
of circuit as the wireless microphone contains (use heavy-duty parts
|
||
so they won't fry. The only parts are a varactor diode and three
|
||
silicon transistors). You new transmitter can now block out stations
|
||
in a relatively sized neighborhood (great in cities).
|
||
|
||
|
||
Mobile Phones
|
||
-------------
|
||
Radio phones have been around for a while. The first mobile
|
||
telephone call was made September 11, 1946 between a Houston Post and
|
||
a St. Louis Globe reporter. An old mobile phone service in New York
|
||
city had 700 subscribers, but could only handle 12 conversations at a
|
||
time (because it had 12 channels). There are some 160,000 mobile
|
||
telephones nationwide.
|
||
The old service was doomed to fail. Each major city had one or two
|
||
powerful transmitters to communicate with all car phones in a 30- to
|
||
50-mile radius. To make a call from a car, you must find a vacant
|
||
channel, then call the operator and supply the number you want to
|
||
call. The operator dials the number and connects you when the party
|
||
answers. Only a few companies have dial-it-yourself service. If
|
||
someone wants to call you, they must first find the mobile phone
|
||
operator in your area. The operator finds a vacant channel and
|
||
transmits a series of tones that correspond to your phone and make it
|
||
ring-sort of as if it were a pager. Once you answer, the operator
|
||
connects you and the caller.
|
||
Clearly, the system was slow. Worse, it could only serve a few
|
||
users at a time. During rush hour, there was little hope of making a
|
||
call. Few channels could be added because of the dearth of
|
||
frequencies for that kind of operation. So now you can't get a mobile
|
||
phone of this type unless someone else gives one up.
|
||
Enter the cellular mobile radio. Instead of only 1 or 2
|
||
transmitters, an area is divided up into many small sections, called
|
||
'cells'. Each has it's own low-powered transmitter just strong enough
|
||
to serve it's cell. An average cell covers from one to eight square
|
||
miles and varies in shape from a circle to a squashed football. Each
|
||
cell touches another, some overlap slightly.
|
||
Adjacent cells use different channels-there are more than 600 in
|
||
each city to choose from-and a channel may be re-used several times in
|
||
the city if the cells are located far enough apart. All of the cell's
|
||
transmitters hook into one network switching office, much like a
|
||
central office handles calls form land-based telephones.
|
||
Each transmitter constantly sends out a special signal, and as you
|
||
drive from cell to cell, your telephone automaticly tunes in the
|
||
strongest cell. When a call comes in for you, the network switching
|
||
office uses the channel to send a digital pulse signal that
|
||
corresponds to your ten-digit phone number (NPA+7 digits).
|
||
When the phone hears it's number, it in effect says 'Here I am, in
|
||
this certain cell'. That information is sent back to the network
|
||
switching office, which scans vacant frequencies, and relays the
|
||
information to your cell. Finally, your unit tunes to that voice
|
||
channel, and the cell site rings you, and you talk.
|
||
It sounds complicated-and it is. But it works in seconds. And it
|
||
can be expanded. As more and more phones are added, cells can be
|
||
split into smaller cells with less power. Cellular radio already
|
||
exists in Japan, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. In Denmark, service
|
||
began in 1981 and grew to 100,000 customers almost overnight. Within
|
||
a few years all of Scandinavia will have compatable cellular systems.
|
||
Australia, Canada, and Mexico also plan systems.
|
||
Why has the U.S. lagged behind? Yep, it's our old freinds, the
|
||
FCC. They studied the system for 12 years before okaying the service
|
||
in 1982. The U.S. may be full celled by 1988. Now is the time to
|
||
rent your backyard as a cellular station!
|
||
The Bell companies will operate cellular service as the Cellular
|
||
Service Company. Others such as GTE and MCI plan similar service.
|
||
Even the Washington Post is trying to get into it. There are already
|
||
two systems, one in Washington/Baltimore, and one in Chicago. Chicago
|
||
users pay about $50 rent and $25 monthly use fee for 120 minutes, and
|
||
25 cents/minute hereafter. Average bills are $150/month.
|
||
The main unit mounts in the trunk, and just the handset sits up
|
||
front. The antennas are very small-about nine inches-and are hidden
|
||
inside the car.
|
||
Now freaking old car phone systems shoudln't be that hard if you
|
||
really try. The following are the freq's to remember:
|
||
|
||
158.07-158.49 MHz (mobile)
|
||
152.81-153.03 MHz (base stations)
|
||
|
||
You CAN listen in on these freq's. What I'm not sure about is
|
||
whether you can place a call-I would think so. So Freq out!
|
||
|
||
COMMING SOON: Repair trucks, installers, and linesmen, Marine
|
||
Radio, and Airplane phones
|
||
|
||
-the unknown freq
|
||
(Formatted by: NEAT DUDE)
|
||
|
||
Downloaded From P-80 International Information Systems 304-744-2253
|