189 lines
8.6 KiB
Plaintext
189 lines
8.6 KiB
Plaintext
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------FREQUING------
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********************
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* THE BASIS BEHIND *
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* RADIO HACKING *
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********************
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PART II
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This article deals with Satellite hacking, CB info, and car phone
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systems.
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Satellite Control
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-----------------
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Companies try to build satellites to last for as long a time as
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possible. Unfortunately, for the companies, things in space can
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happen unexpectantly and suddently. Take that satellite released by
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the space shuttle. It's orbit carried it way off t he correct
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altitude. The company's only hope was to fire a rocket on it in order
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to bring it to the correct place.
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Now think...how does one on the ground fire a rocket in space?
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Radio! Gee, if the company could change the orbit, maybe we can too.
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Sound interesting? Of course we were not the first to think of this.
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The satellite companies have worried about this for a long time.
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There are stories about top secret codes, frequencies, and protocols
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required to 'nudge' one of those babies.
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The only problem is that-there is little information about this out
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there. If you have any info, make a text file, and let others know of
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your knowledge. But let me tell you all I know about a simple
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satellite whose telemetry is known well.
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OSCAR 6 was a satellite sent up in order to take in amateur signals
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between 145.9 and 146.0 MHz, and re-transmit them between 29.45 and
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29.55 MHz using a transponder. Early in 1976, OSCAR 6 began to have
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battery problems. The telemetry allowed the ground command stations
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to shut the satellite off at regular intervals to prolong the useful
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life of the satellite.
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Now we know the satellite sent out telemetry reports at a certain
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frequency (OSCAR 7 was 29.502 and 145.972 MHz). And it sent them out
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in the form of Morse code at about 20 wpm. Information rate of spin,
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power use, and temperature were sent out at 20 wpm. This seems to
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suggest that the control might have also used morse code. Strangely
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enough, there was never any information in the American Radio Relay
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League magazine about just how they control the OSCAR satellites.
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(Hams know what's safe and what's crazy also)
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Suggestions: Don't overlook RTTY when trying to Satelhack
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(Satellite hacking). Also, chances are the owners will figure out
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what you did, so 'downing', the ultimate for a satelhack, is pretty
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difficult.
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Citizen's Band
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--------------
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CB is a very popular communications method. Again, you need a
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license from the FCC to operate legally. But it's so hard to track
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down a CB signal unless you have a massive amplifier or talk for hours
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straight, there is little use in getting one. Here is a list of
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channel frequencies:
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Channel Frequency
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(MHz)
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1 26.965
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2 26.975
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3 26.985
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4 27.005
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5 27.015
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6 27.025
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7 27.035
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8 27.055
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9-emergency 27.065
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10 27.075
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11-contact channel 27.085
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12 27.105
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13 27.115
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14 27.125
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15 27.135
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16 27.155
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17 27.165
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18 27.175
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19-trucker's channel 27.185
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20 27.205
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21 27.215
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22 27.225
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22A (optional) 27.235
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22B (optional) 27.245
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23 27.255
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A Cheap Ghost-Interferance
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--------------------------
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How can you start a real cheap ghost or interferance station? Well,
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the Radio Shack wireless FM microphone (the clip on one) is pretty
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good for $19.95 (price may change). It's range is said to be 100
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yards, but actual tests show its range is about 100 ft. outside, 40
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ft. inside. However, in the instructions it says that increasing the
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battery power will make it stronger, but this would not be in
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compliance with the FCC (oh darn!). One problem with this is that
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with a stronger battery comes the risk of frying something inside.
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Instead of trying to upgrade the silly thing, just make a new one.
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Open it up and take a look at how it is made. Now, get a cheap
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microphone then feed it into an amplifier like that on your stereo.
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Then take the outputs of the amplifier and feed it into the same kind
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of circuit as the wireless microphone contains (use heavy-duty parts
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so they won't fry. The only parts are a varactor diode and three
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silicon transistors). You new transmitter can now block out stations
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in a relatively sized neighborhood (great in cities).
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Mobile Phones
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-------------
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Radio phones have been around for a while. The first mobile
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telephone call was made September 11, 1946 between a Houston Post and
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a St. Louis Globe reporter. An old mobile phone service in New York
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city had 700 subscribers, but could only handle 12 conversations at a
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time (because it had 12 channels). There are some 160,000 mobile
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telephones nationwide.
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The old service was doomed to fail. Each major city had one or two
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powerful transmitters to communicate with all car phones in a 30- to
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50-mile radius. To make a call from a car, you must find a vacant
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channel, then call the operator and supply the number you want to
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call. The operator dials the number and connects you when the party
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answers. Only a few companies have dial-it-yourself service. If
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someone wants to call you, they must first find the mobile phone
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operator in your area. The operator finds a vacant channel and
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transmits a series of tones that correspond to your phone and make it
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ring-sort of as if it were a pager. Once you answer, the operator
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connects you and the caller.
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Clearly, the system was slow. Worse, it could only serve a few
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users at a time. During rush hour, there was little hope of making a
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call. Few channels could be added because of the dearth of
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frequencies for that kind of operation. So now you can't get a mobile
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phone of this type unless someone else gives one up.
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Enter the cellular mobile radio. Instead of only 1 or 2
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transmitters, an area is divided up into many small sections, called
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'cells'. Each has it's own low-powered transmitter just strong enough
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to serve it's cell. An average cell covers from one to eight square
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miles and varies in shape from a circle to a squashed football. Each
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cell touches another, some overlap slightly.
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Adjacent cells use different channels-there are more than 600 in
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each city to choose from-and a channel may be re-used several times in
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the city if the cells are located far enough apart. All of the cell's
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transmitters hook into one network switching office, much like a
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central office handles calls form land-based telephones.
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Each transmitter constantly sends out a special signal, and as you
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drive from cell to cell, your telephone automaticly tunes in the
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strongest cell. When a call comes in for you, the network switching
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office uses the channel to send a digital pulse signal that
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corresponds to your ten-digit phone number (NPA+7 digits).
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When the phone hears it's number, it in effect says 'Here I am, in
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this certain cell'. That information is sent back to the network
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switching office, which scans vacant frequencies, and relays the
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information to your cell. Finally, your unit tunes to that voice
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channel, and the cell site rings you, and you talk.
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It sounds complicated-and it is. But it works in seconds. And it
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can be expanded. As more and more phones are added, cells can be
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split into smaller cells with less power. Cellular radio already
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exists in Japan, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. In Denmark, service
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began in 1981 and grew to 100,000 customers almost overnight. Within
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a few years all of Scandinavia will have compatable cellular systems.
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Australia, Canada, and Mexico also plan systems.
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Why has the U.S. lagged behind? Yep, it's our old freinds, the
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FCC. They studied the system for 12 years before okaying the service
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in 1982. The U.S. may be full celled by 1988. Now is the time to
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rent your backyard as a cellular station!
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The Bell companies will operate cellular service as the Cellular
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Service Company. Others such as GTE and MCI plan similar service.
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Even the Washington Post is trying to get into it. There are already
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two systems, one in Washington/Baltimore, and one in Chicago. Chicago
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users pay about $50 rent and $25 monthly use fee for 120 minutes, and
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25 cents/minute hereafter. Average bills are $150/month.
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The main unit mounts in the trunk, and just the handset sits up
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front. The antennas are very small-about nine inches-and are hidden
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inside the car.
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Now freaking old car phone systems shoudln't be that hard if you
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really try. The following are the freq's to remember:
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158.07-158.49 MHz (mobile)
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152.81-153.03 MHz (base stations)
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You CAN listen in on these freq's. What I'm not sure about is
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whether you can place a call-I would think so. So Freq out!
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COMMING SOON: Repair trucks, installers, and linesmen, Marine
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Radio, and Airplane phones
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-the unknown freq
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(Formatted by: NEAT DUDE)
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Downloaded From P-80 International Information Systems 304-744-2253
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