Add support for user units

With ‘systemd.user.units’ and ‘systemd.user.services’, you can specify
units used by per-user systemd instances.  For example,

  systemd.user.services.foo =
    { description = "foo";
      wantedBy = [ "default.target" ];
      serviceConfig.ExecStart = "${pkgs.foo}/bin/foo";
    };

declares a unit ‘foo.service’ that gets started automatically when the
user systemd instance starts, and is stopped when the user systemd
instance stops.

Note that there is at most one systemd instance per user: it's created
when a user logs in and there is no systemd instance for that user
yet, and it's removed when the user fully logs out (i.e. has no
sessions anymore). So if you're simultaneously logged in via X11 and a
virtual console, you get only one copy of foo.

nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd.nix

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ let
           ln -s /dev/null $out/${name}
         '';
 
-  upstreamUnits =
+  upstreamSystemUnits =
     [ # Targets.
       "basic.target"
       "sysinit.target"
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ let
       "emergency.service"
     ];
 
-  upstreamWants =
+  upstreamSystemWants =
     [ #"basic.target.wants"
       "sysinit.target.wants"
       "sockets.target.wants"
@@ -174,6 +174,17 @@ let
       "timers.target.wants"
     ];
 
+  upstreamUserUnits =
+    [ "basic.target"
+      "default.target"
+      "exit.target"
+      "paths.target"
+      "shutdown.target"
+      "sockets.target"
+      "systemd-exit.service"
+      "timers.target"
+    ];
+
   makeJobScript = name: text:
     let x = pkgs.writeTextFile { name = "unit-script"; executable = true; destination = "/bin/${name}"; inherit text; };
     in "${x}/bin/${name}";
@@ -359,13 +370,13 @@ let
         '';
     };
 
-  units = pkgs.runCommand "units" { preferLocalBuild = true; }
+  generateUnits = type: units: upstreamUnits: upstreamWants:
-    ''
+    pkgs.runCommand "${type}-units" { preferLocalBuild = true; } ''
       mkdir -p $out
 
       # Copy the upstream systemd units we're interested in.
       for i in ${toString upstreamUnits}; do
-        fn=${systemd}/example/systemd/system/$i
+        fn=${systemd}/example/systemd/${type}/$i
         if ! [ -e $fn ]; then echo "missing $fn"; false; fi
         if [ -L $fn ]; then
           cp -pd $fn $out/
@@ -377,7 +388,7 @@ let
       # Copy .wants links, but only those that point to units that
       # we're interested in.
       for i in ${toString upstreamWants}; do
-        fn=${systemd}/example/systemd/system/$i
+        fn=${systemd}/example/systemd/${type}/$i
         if ! [ -e $fn ]; then echo "missing $fn"; false; fi
         x=$out/$(basename $fn)
         mkdir $x
@@ -390,14 +401,16 @@ let
 
       # Symlink all units provided listed in systemd.packages.
       for i in ${toString cfg.packages}; do
-        ln -s $i/etc/systemd/system/* $i/lib/systemd/system/* $out/
+        if [ -n "$(echo $i/etc/systemd/${type}/*)" ]; then
+          ln -s $i/etc/systemd/${type}/* $i/lib/systemd/${type}/* $out/
+        fi
       done
 
       # Symlink all units defined by systemd.units. If these are also
       # provided by systemd or systemd.packages, then add them as
       # <unit-name>.d/overrides.conf, which makes them extend the
       # upstream unit.
-      for i in ${toString (mapAttrsToList (n: v: v.unit) cfg.units)}; do
+      for i in ${toString (mapAttrsToList (n: v: v.unit) units)}; do
         fn=$(basename $i/*)
         if [ -e $out/$fn ]; then
           if [ "$(readlink -f $i/$fn)" = /dev/null ]; then
@@ -417,14 +430,15 @@ let
           concatMapStrings (name2: ''
             mkdir -p $out/'${name2}.wants'
             ln -sfn '../${name}' $out/'${name2}.wants'/
-          '') unit.wantedBy) cfg.units)}
+          '') unit.wantedBy) units)}
 
       ${concatStrings (mapAttrsToList (name: unit:
           concatMapStrings (name2: ''
             mkdir -p $out/'${name2}.requires'
             ln -sfn '../${name}' $out/'${name2}.requires'/
-          '') unit.requiredBy) cfg.units)}
+          '') unit.requiredBy) units)}
 
+      ${optionalString (type == "system") ''
         # Stupid misc. symlinks.
         ln -s ${cfg.defaultUnit} $out/default.target
 
@@ -435,6 +449,7 @@ let
 
         ln -s ../local-fs.target ../remote-fs.target ../network.target ../nss-lookup.target \
               ../nss-user-lookup.target ../swap.target $out/multi-user.target.wants/
+      ''}
     ''; # */
 
 in
@@ -638,6 +653,25 @@ in
       '';
     };
 
+    systemd.user.units = mkOption {
+      description = "Definition of systemd per-user units.";
+      default = {};
+      type = types.attrsOf types.optionSet;
+      options = { name, config, ... }:
+        { options = concreteUnitOptions;
+          config = {
+            unit = mkDefault (makeUnit name config);
+          };
+        };
+    };
+
+    systemd.user.services = mkOption {
+      default = {};
+      type = types.attrsOf types.optionSet;
+      options = [ serviceOptions unitConfig serviceConfig ];
+      description = "Definition of systemd per-user service units.";
+    };
+
   };
 
 
@@ -651,11 +685,15 @@ in
       message = "${name}: Type=oneshot services must have Restart=no";
     }) cfg.services;
 
-    system.build.units = units;
+    system.build.units = cfg.units;
 
     environment.systemPackages = [ systemd ];
 
-    environment.etc."systemd/system".source = units;
+    environment.etc."systemd/system".source =
+      generateUnits "system" cfg.units upstreamSystemUnits upstreamSystemWants;
+
+    environment.etc."systemd/user".source =
+      generateUnits "user" cfg.user.units upstreamUserUnits [];
 
     environment.etc."systemd/system.conf".text =
       ''
@@ -719,6 +757,9 @@ in
                    (v: let n = escapeSystemdPath v.where;
                        in nameValuePair "${n}.automount" (automountToUnit n v)) cfg.automounts);
 
+    systemd.user.units =
+      mapAttrs' (n: v: nameValuePair "${n}.service" (serviceToUnit n v)) cfg.user.services;
+
     system.requiredKernelConfig = map config.lib.kernelConfig.isEnabled [
       "CGROUPS" "AUTOFS4_FS" "DEVTMPFS"
     ];
@@ -753,10 +794,6 @@ in
         startSession = true;
       };
 
-    # Provide systemd user units. FIXME: Should make this definable,
-    # just like the system units.
-    environment.etc."systemd/user".source = "${systemd}/example/systemd/user";
-
     environment.etc."tmpfiles.d/x11.conf".source = "${systemd}/example/tmpfiles.d/x11.conf";
 
     environment.etc."tmpfiles.d/nixos.conf".text =