diff --git a/nixos/modules/config/pulseaudio.nix b/nixos/modules/config/pulseaudio.nix
index bf66994b502..bd80c811348 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/config/pulseaudio.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/config/pulseaudio.nix
@@ -240,11 +240,14 @@ in {
       };
       systemd.user = {
         services.pulseaudio = {
+          restartIfChanged = true;
           serviceConfig = {
             RestartSec = "500ms";
+            PassEnvironment = "DISPLAY";
           };
-          environment = { DISPLAY = ":${toString config.services.xserver.display}"; };
-          restartIfChanged = true;
+        };
+        sockets.pulseaudio = {
+          wantedBy = [ "sockets.target" ];
         };
       };
     })
diff --git a/nixos/modules/module-list.nix b/nixos/modules/module-list.nix
index 5e1ff91acab..7afcb9051bd 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/module-list.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/module-list.nix
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@
   ./programs/environment.nix
   ./programs/fish.nix
   ./programs/freetds.nix
+  ./programs/gnupg.nix
   ./programs/gphoto2.nix
   ./programs/info.nix
   ./programs/java.nix
diff --git a/nixos/modules/programs/gnupg.nix b/nixos/modules/programs/gnupg.nix
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c5277f40d26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/modules/programs/gnupg.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
+
+with lib;
+
+let
+
+  cfg = config.programs.gnupg;
+
+in
+
+{
+
+  options.programs.gnupg = {
+    agent.enable = mkOption {
+      type = types.bool;
+      default = false;
+      description = ''
+        Enables GnuPG agent with socket-activation for every user session.
+      '';
+    };
+
+    agent.enableSSHSupport = mkOption {
+      type = types.bool;
+      default = true;
+      description = ''
+        Enable SSH agent support in GnuPG agent. Also sets SSH_AUTH_SOCK
+        environment variable correctly. This will disable socket-activation
+        and thus always start a GnuPG agent per user session.
+      '';
+    };
+  };
+
+  config = mkIf cfg.agent.enable {
+    systemd.user.services.gpg-agent = {
+      serviceConfig = {
+        ExecStart = [
+          ""
+          ("${pkgs.gnupg}/bin/gpg-agent --supervised "
+            + optionalString cfg.agent.enableSSHSupport "--enable-ssh-support")
+        ];
+      };
+    };
+
+    systemd.user.sockets.gpg-agent = {
+      wantedBy = [ "sockets.target" ];
+    };
+
+    systemd.user.sockets.gpg-agent-ssh = mkIf cfg.agent.enableSSHSupport {
+      wantedBy = [ "sockets.target" ];
+    };
+
+    systemd.packages = [ pkgs.gnupg ];
+
+    environment.extraInit = ''
+      # Bind gpg-agent to this TTY if gpg commands are used.
+      export GPG_TTY=$(tty)
+
+    '' + (optionalString cfg.agent.enableSSHSupport ''
+      # SSH agent protocol doesn't support changing TTYs, so bind the agent
+      # to every new TTY.
+      ${pkgs.gnupg}/bin/gpg-connect-agent --quiet updatestartuptty /bye > /dev/null
+
+      if [ -z "$SSH_AUTH_SOCK" ]; then
+        export SSH_AUTH_SOCK=$(${pkgs.gnupg}/bin/gpgconf --list-dirs agent-ssh-socket)
+      fi
+    '');
+
+    assertions = [
+      { assertion = cfg.agent.enableSSHSupport && !config.programs.ssh.startAgent;
+        message = "You can't use ssh-agent and GnuPG agent with SSH support enabled at the same time!";
+      }
+    ];
+  };
+
+}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/programs/ssh.nix b/nixos/modules/programs/ssh.nix
index a00fc0dfd19..4faef2c609b 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/programs/ssh.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/programs/ssh.nix
@@ -199,9 +199,8 @@ in
     environment.etc."ssh/ssh_known_hosts".text = knownHostsText;
 
     # FIXME: this should really be socket-activated for über-awesomeness.
-    systemd.user.services.ssh-agent =
-      { enable = cfg.startAgent;
-        description = "SSH Agent";
+    systemd.user.services.ssh-agent = mkIf cfg.startAgent
+      { description = "SSH Agent";
         wantedBy = [ "default.target" ];
         serviceConfig =
           { ExecStartPre = "${pkgs.coreutils}/bin/rm -f %t/ssh-agent";
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/arbtt.nix b/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/arbtt.nix
index a8d5e3b7fa0..b41a3c7b501 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/arbtt.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/arbtt.nix
@@ -48,7 +48,8 @@ in {
   config = mkIf cfg.enable {
     systemd.user.services.arbtt = {
       description = "arbtt statistics capture service";
-      wantedBy = [ "default.target" ];
+      wantedBy = [ "graphical-session.target" ];
+      partOf = [ "graphical-session.target" ];
 
       serviceConfig = {
         Type = "simple";
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/x11/compton.nix b/nixos/modules/services/x11/compton.nix
index d75d24830f8..56bc66b7179 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/x11/compton.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/x11/compton.nix
@@ -208,13 +208,13 @@ in {
   config = mkIf cfg.enable {
     systemd.user.services.compton = {
       description = "Compton composite manager";
-      wantedBy = [ "default.target" ];
+      wantedBy = [ "graphical-session.target" ];
+      partOf = [ "graphical-session.target" ];
       serviceConfig = {
         ExecStart = "${cfg.package}/bin/compton --config ${configFile}";
         RestartSec = 3;
         Restart = "always";
       };
-      environment.DISPLAY = ":0";
     };
 
     environment.systemPackages = [ cfg.package ];
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/default.nix b/nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/default.nix
index cf6efb7dae7..58773685ec1 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/default.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/default.nix
@@ -122,6 +122,9 @@ let
           source ~/.xprofile
       fi
 
+      # Start systemd user services for graphical sessions
+      ${config.systemd.package}/bin/systemctl --user start graphical-session.target
+
       # Allow the user to setup a custom session type.
       if test -x ~/.xsession; then
           exec ~/.xsession
@@ -164,6 +167,9 @@ let
       ''}
 
       test -n "$waitPID" && wait "$waitPID"
+
+      ${config.systemd.package}/bin/systemctl --user stop graphical-session.target
+
       exit 0
     '';
 
@@ -325,6 +331,13 @@ in
 
   config = {
     services.xserver.displayManager.xserverBin = "${xorg.xorgserver.out}/bin/X";
+
+    systemd.user.targets.graphical-session = {
+      unitConfig = {
+        RefuseManualStart = false;
+        StopWhenUnneeded = false;
+      };
+    };
   };
 
   imports = [
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/x11/redshift.nix b/nixos/modules/services/x11/redshift.nix
index eb5dfdf9584..992709ed000 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/x11/redshift.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/x11/redshift.nix
@@ -95,7 +95,8 @@ in {
   config = mkIf cfg.enable {
     systemd.user.services.redshift = {
       description = "Redshift colour temperature adjuster";
-      wantedBy = [ "default.target" ];
+      wantedBy = [ "graphical-session.target" ];
+      partOf = [ "graphical-session.target" ];
       serviceConfig = {
         ExecStart = ''
           ${cfg.package}/bin/redshift \
@@ -107,12 +108,6 @@ in {
         RestartSec = 3;
         Restart = "always";
       };
-      environment = {
-        DISPLAY = ":${toString (
-          let display = config.services.xserver.display;
-          in if display != null then display else 0
-        )}";
-      };
     };
   };
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/x11/unclutter-xfixes.nix b/nixos/modules/services/x11/unclutter-xfixes.nix
index b94dfb1a26a..71262431b68 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/x11/unclutter-xfixes.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/x11/unclutter-xfixes.nix
@@ -43,7 +43,8 @@ in {
   config = mkIf cfg.enable {
     systemd.user.services.unclutter-xfixes = {
       description = "unclutter-xfixes";
-      wantedBy = [ "graphical.target" ];
+      wantedBy = [ "graphical-session.target" ];
+      partOf = [ "graphical-session.target" ];
       serviceConfig.ExecStart = ''
         ${cfg.package}/bin/unclutter \
           --timeout ${toString cfg.timeout} \
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/x11/unclutter.nix b/nixos/modules/services/x11/unclutter.nix
index a22e5ac2c95..5f16a680050 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/x11/unclutter.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/x11/unclutter.nix
@@ -56,19 +56,17 @@ in {
   config = mkIf cfg.enable {
     systemd.user.services.unclutter = {
       description = "unclutter";
-      wantedBy = [ "default.target" ];
+      wantedBy = [ "graphical-session.target" ];
+      partOf = [ "graphical-session.target" ];
       serviceConfig.ExecStart = ''
         ${cfg.package}/bin/unclutter \
           -idle ${toString cfg.timeout} \
-          -display :${toString (
-             let display = config.services.xserver.display;
-             in if display != null then display else 0
-          )} \
           -jitter ${toString (cfg.threeshold - 1)} \
           ${optionalString cfg.keystroke "-keystroke"} \
           ${concatMapStrings (x: " -"+x) cfg.extraOptions} \
           -not ${concatStringsSep " " cfg.excluded} \
       '';
+      serviceConfig.PassEnvironment = "DISPLAY";
       serviceConfig.RestartSec = 3;
       serviceConfig.Restart = "always";
     };
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/x11/urxvtd.nix b/nixos/modules/services/x11/urxvtd.nix
index 57ad93f2017..f2ce089ce19 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/x11/urxvtd.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/x11/urxvtd.nix
@@ -21,9 +21,8 @@ in {
     systemd.user = {
       sockets.urxvtd = {
         description = "socket for urxvtd, the urxvt terminal daemon";
-        after = [ "graphical.target" ];
-        wants = [ "graphical.target" ];
-        wantedBy = [ "sockets.target" ];
+        wantedBy = [ "graphical-session.target" ];
+        partOf = [ "graphical-session.target" ];
         socketConfig = {
           ListenStream = "%t/urxvtd-socket";
         };
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/x11/xbanish.nix b/nixos/modules/services/x11/xbanish.nix
index e1e3cbc8e44..b95fac68f16 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/x11/xbanish.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/x11/xbanish.nix
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ in {
   config = mkIf cfg.enable {
     systemd.user.services.xbanish = {
       description = "xbanish hides the mouse pointer";
-      wantedBy = [ "default.target" ];
+      wantedBy = [ "graphical-session.target" ];
+      partOf = [ "graphical-session.target" ];
       serviceConfig.ExecStart = ''
         ${pkgs.xbanish}/bin/xbanish ${cfg.arguments}
       '';