2856 lines
115 KiB
Plaintext
2856 lines
115 KiB
Plaintext
SUBJECT: ODYSSEY ON-LINE MAGAZINE, VOL II, NO. 3 FILE: UFO1507
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±±±±±±±±Ü ÜÜÜÜÜ Ü Ü ÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜ Ü Ü
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±±Ûßßß±±Û Û Û ÛÜÜÛ ÛÜÜÜ ÛÜÜÜ ÛÜ ÛÜÜÛ
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±±Û ±±Û ÜÛÜÜÛ ÜÜÜÛ ÜÜÜÛ ÜÜÜÛ ÛÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÛ
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±±Û ±±Û
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±±Û ±±Û ÜÜÜ Ü Ü ÜÜÜ ÜÜÜ Ü ÜÜÜÜ
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±±Û ±±Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û ÛÜ
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±±±±±±±±Û Û ÛÜÛ ÛÜÜÜ ÜÛÜ Û ÛÜÛ ÛÜÜÜ
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ßßßßßßßß
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ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ
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±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±
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²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²
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[The Official Fringe Science Newsletter Of Odyssey!]
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Table of Contents
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1. ARTICLES ................................................. 1
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THE DISAPPEARANCE OF DELTA SIERRA JULIET ................. 1
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Earthquake Prediction data ............................... 5
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2. CLIPPINGS ................................................ 16
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3. COLUMNS .................................................. 51
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Odyssey BBS Nodes ........................................ 51
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OO 2-03 Page 1 8 Feb 1992
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=================================================================
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ARTICLES
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=================================================================
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1978
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Of all sightings in Australia none has generated so
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much
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worldwide attention and concern than that of Fredrick
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Valentich,
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a twenty year old flying instructor who disappeared in his
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Cessna
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182 aircraft shortly after reporting a UFO sighting over
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Bass
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Strait near Cape Otway, on a flight from Moorabin,
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Victoria, to
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King Island, Tasmania on October 21/1978.
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Forty-seven minutes after taking off from Moorabin
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Airport,
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Melbourne, at 6:19 pm, Valentich reported seeing an
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unidentified
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aircraft to the Melbourne Flight Service Unit Controller,
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Steve
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Robey. The official transcript of the recorded
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transmission
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between the Cessna (registration VH-DSJ) and Melbourne
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Flight
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Service Unit (FSU) is provided here. The following
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communications between the aircraft and Melbourne FSU were
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recorded from 19:06 hours.
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TIME FROM TEXT
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------- ------ -------------------------------
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----------------
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1906:14 VH-DSJ MELBOURNE this is DELTA SIERRA
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JULIET is
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there any known traffic below
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five thousand
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:23 FSU DELTA SIERRA JULIET no known
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traffic
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:26 VH-DSJ DELTA SIERRA JULIET I am seems
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to be a large
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aircraft below five thousand
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:46 FSU D D DELTA SIERRA JULIET what
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type of
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aircraft is it
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:50 VH-DSJ DELTA SIERRA JULIET I cannot
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affirm it is
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four bright it seems to me like
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landing
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lights
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1907:04 FSU DELTA SIERRA JULIET
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:32 VH-DSJ MELBOURNE this is DELTA SIERRA
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JULIET the
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aircraft just passed over me at
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OO 2-03 Page 2 8 Feb 1992
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least a
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thousand feet above
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:43 FSU DELTA SIERRA JULIET roger and
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it is a large
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aircraft confirm
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:47 VH-DSJ er unknown due to the speed of
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its traveling
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is there any air force aircraft
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in the
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vicinity
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:57 FSU DELTA SIERRA JULIET no known
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aircraft in the
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vicinity
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1908:18 VH-DSJ MELBOURNE it's approaching now
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from due east
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towards me
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:28 FSU DELTA SIERRA JULIET
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:42 // open microphone for two
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seconds //
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:49 VH-DSJ DELTA SIERRA JULIET it seems to
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me that he's
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playing some sort of game he's
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flying over
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me to three times at a time at
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speeds I
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could not identify
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1909:02 FSU DELTA SIERRA JULIET roger what
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is your
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actual level
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:06 VH-DSJ my level is four and a half
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thousand four
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five zero zero
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:11 FSU DELTA SIERRA JULIET and confirm
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you cannot
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identify the aircraft
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:14 VH-DSJ affirmative
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:18 FSU DELTA SIERRA JULIET roger
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standby
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:28 VH-DSJ MELBOURNE DELTA SIERRA JULIET
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it's not an
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aircraft it is // open
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microphone for two
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seconds //
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:46 FSU DELTA SIERRA JULIET can you
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describe the er
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aircraft
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:52 VH-DSJ DELTA SIERRA JULIET as it's
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flying past it's
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a long shape // open microphone
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for three
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seconds // cannot identify more
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than that it
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has such speed // open
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microphone for three
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seconds // before me right now
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Melbourne
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OO 2-03 Page 3 8 Feb 1992
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1910:07 FSU DELTA SIERRA JULIET roger and
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how large
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would er object be
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:20 VH-DSJ DELTA SIERRA JULIET MELBOURNE
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it seems like
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it's stationary what I'm doing
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right now is
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orbiting and the the thing is
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just orbiting
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on top of me also it's got a
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green light and
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sort of metallic like it's all
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shiny on the
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outside
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:43 FSU DELTA SIERRA JULIET
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:48 VH-DSJ DELTA SIERRA JULIET // open
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microphone for
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five seconds // it's just
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vanished
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:57 FSU DELTA SIERRA JULIET
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1911:03 VH-DSJ MELBOURNE would you know what
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kind of
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aircraft I've got is it a type
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of military
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aircraft
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:08 FSU DELTA SIERRA JULIET confirm the
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er aircraft
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just vanished
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:14 VH-DSJ say again
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:17 FSU DELTA SIERRA JULIET is the
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aircraft still
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with you
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:23 VH-DSJ DELTA SIERRA JULIET it's a nor
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// open
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microphone for two seconds //
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now
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approaching from the south-west
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:37 FSU DELTA SIERRA JULIET
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:52 VH-DSJ DELTA SIERRA JULIET the engine
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is rough
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idling I've got it set at
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twenty three
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twenty four and the thing is
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coughing
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1912:04 FSU DELTA SIERRA JULIET roger what
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are your
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intentions
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:09 VH-DSJ my intentions are ah to go to
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King Island ah
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Melbourne that strange aircraft
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is hovering
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on top of me again // two
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seconds open
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microphone // it is hovering
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and it's not an
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aircraft
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OO 2-03 Page 4 8 Feb 1992
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:22 FSU DELTA SIERRA JULIET
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:28 VH-DSJ DELTA SIERRA JULIET MELBOURNE
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// 17 seconds
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open microphone //
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:49 FSU DELTA SIERRA JULIET MELBOURNE -
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+-----------------------------------------------------------
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----------------
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-----------------------------------------------------------------
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OO 2-03 Page 5 8 Feb 1992
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The following information was provided by Don Allen in
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regard to the late Prof. Brown's prediction of increased
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earthquake activity on or near January 18, 1992.
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DISCLAIMER -- THIS IS NOT AN EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION OR
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WARNING!
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The commentary provided with these map(s) is for
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INFORMATIONAL USE ONLY, and SHOULD NOT be construed as an
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earthquake prediction, warning, or advisory. Responsibility
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for such warnings rests with the Office of Emergency
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Services of the State of California. PLEASE REMEMBER -- THIS
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IS PRELIMINARY DATA
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Releasing these summaries on a timely basis requires that
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the data, analysis, and interpretations presented are
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PRELIMINARY. Of necessity they can only reflect the views of
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the seismologists who prepared them, and DO NOT carry the
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endorsement of the U.S.G.S. Thus while every effort is made
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to ensure that the information is accurate, nothing
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contained in this report is to be construed as and
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earthquake prediction, warning, advisory, or official policy
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statement of any kind, of the U.S. Geological Survey, or the
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U.S. Government. FOR QUESTIONS CONCERNING THIS REPORT
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Send e-mail to andy@pangea.stanford.edu
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Seismicity Report for Northern California, the Nation, and
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the World for the week of January 9 - 15, 1992
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Data and text prepared by Steve Walter, Barry Hirshorn, and
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Allan Lindh U.S. Geological Survey 345 Middlefield Rd. MS-
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977, Menlo Park, CA 94025 Graphics by Quentin Lindh
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San Francisco Bay Area
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Seismicity remained low in the Bay Area during the
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past 7 days with minor activity along the San Andreas,
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southern Calaveras, and Concord faults.
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During the 7-day period ending at midnight on Wednesday,
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January 15, 1992 the U.S. Geological Survey office in Menlo
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Park recorded 27 earthquakes of magnitude one (M1) and
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greater within the San Francisco Bay area shown in Figure 1.
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Only four were as large as M2, including one M3 event. This
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compares to only 18 earthquakes greater than M1 recorded
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during the previous 7-day period, three of which were as
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large as M2.0.
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The largest earthquake in the Bay Area during the week
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was a M3.1 earthquake that occurred last Friday morning on
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the Calaveras fault, about 5 miles northeast of Gilroy
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(#2/1). It was accompanied by two M1 aftershocks. This
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segment of the Calaveras has experienced a number of M2
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events in the past year though none were as large as this
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week's M3 event. The Calaveras fault was otherwise quiet
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during the past week.
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The Concord fault experienced three small earthquakes
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last Friday and Saturday evenings (#3/1). The largest of
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OO 2-03 Page 6 8 Feb 1992
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these was only M2.0 and no reports were received that any
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were felt.
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As usual, a number of small earthquakes occurred along
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the creeping segment of the San Andreas. The largest of
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these were a pair of M2.3 events that occurred within
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seconds of each other last Sunday morning (#4/1). Both were
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located about 4 miles northeast of Watsonville.
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Northern California
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Seismicity remained at low levels throughout the rest
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of northern and central California during the past week.
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Only 18 earthquakes larger than M2 were recorded in the area
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of figure 2, down from 34 during the previous week and close
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to the lowest weekly total observed in the past year--17
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events during the last week of April.
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In northern California, three M2 earthquakes were
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observed in the vicinity of Cape Mendocino. The largest of
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these were two offshore earthquakes that occurred Sunday
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evening along the Mendocino escarpment (#3/2). Both had
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similar magnitudes of about M2.6. A slightly smaller
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earthquake occurred onshore of Cape Mendocino last Friday
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about 24 miles south-southeast of Eureka (#1/2). A M2.2
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earthquake occurred Wednesday evening, Jan. 15, beneath the
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northern Sacramento Valley 7 miles east-southeast of Redding
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(#5/2).
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In central California the San Andreas was completely
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quiet at the M2 level, with the exception of the two
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Watsonville earthquakes discussed above. The only notable
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earthquakes in central California were two events that
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occurred Tuesday beneath the Diablo Range near Coalinga
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(#4/2). One of these was the week's largest earthquake, a
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M3.8 event that occurred about 13 miles north-northwest of
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Coalinga.
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Some activity occurred in the eastern Sierra-Nevada
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including a M2.9 event 15 miles south of Lone Pine (#2/2)
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and a M2.1 event 20 miles northwest of China Lake.
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Long Valley Caldera
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Activity remained low in the vicinity of the Long
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Valley caldera, both within the caldera and in the Sierra-
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Nevada terrane to the south. The only earthquake as large as
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M2 was a M2.2 event in the southeast corner of the caldera
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near the northern end of the Hilton Creek fault and very
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close to last week's lone M2 event (#2/3). Three other M1
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events occurred near the northern end of the Hilton Creek
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fault and four M1 events occurred at the western end of the
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south moat area, near the town of Mammoth Lakes.
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USA Seismicity
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The National Earthquake Information Center recorded only
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one notable earthquake in the lower 48 states during the
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OO 2-03 Page 7 8 Feb 1992
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past week, a M3.0 event in central New Jersey (#1/4). This
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small temblor occurred early last Thursday morning and was
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felt throughout Monmouth and Middlesex counties.
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The Planet Earth
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The number of notable earthquakes worldwide remained low
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during the past week with only one earthquake as large as M6
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and only seven as large as M5. The week's sole M6
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earthquake occurred Monday near Halmahera Island in the
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central Indonesian archipelago (#5/5).
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M5 earthquakes occurred beneath the central Philippines
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(#3/5), in southern Greece (#1/5), in the northern Easter
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Islands region (#2/5), beneath the Bay of Bengal (#4/5), and
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in the Dominican Republic region (#6/5).
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Two M4.9 earthquakes occurred that are worth noting.
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The first occurred near the coast of Venezuela last Thursday
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and was felt at Port of Spain, Trinidad as well as at
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coastal communities in Venezuela. The second occurred late
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Sunday night offshore of Vancouver Island, British Columbia
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(#2/4). This location is just slightly northeast of a M6.1
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earthquake that occurred last week.
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Table 1. Central California Seismicity (M>2.0)
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--ORIGIN TIME (UT)-- -LAT N-- --LON W-- DEPTH N N RMS ERH
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ERZ DUR YR MON DA HRMN SEC DEG MIN DEG MIN KM
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RD S SEC KM KM REMKS MAG
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92 JAN 9 1443 35.60 37 37.18 118 49.80 2.51 11 .14 .4
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.7 HCF 2.2 92 JAN 10 205 59.69 38 50.08 122 52.11 3.76
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35 .13 .2 .7 GEY 2.5 92 JAN 10 1554 16.50 40 26.67 124
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2.05 23.21 8 .28 1.0 1.8 MEN 2.2 92 JAN 10 1833 1.25
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37 2.29 121 29.07 5.69104 .14 .2 .5 CYS 3.1 92 JAN
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11 1549 7.97 38 49.18 122 47.06 0.39 24 .17 .3 .9 GEY
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2.5
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92 JAN 11 2101 36.18 36 23.35 118 1.68 7.69 16 .10 .4
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1.1 OWV 2.9 92 JAN 12 713 47.85 37 57.38 122 0.67 12.78
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30 .13 .3 .5 CON 2.0 92 JAN 12 1312 14.05 35 45.14 118
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0.19 12.37 10 .06 .4 1.1 WWF 2.1 92 JAN 12 1629 15.74
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36 55.94 121 40.74 11.75 75 .13 .2 .4 SJB 2.3 92 JAN
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12 1629 49.70 36 56.00 121 40.94 11.94 59 .13 .3 .4 SJB
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2.3
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92 JAN 13 235 14.40 40 18.55 125 28.48 4.98 11 .09
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7.010.8 MEN - 2.6 92 JAN 13 348 55.54 38 48.36 122 45.96
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3.12 44 .14 .2 .6 GEY 2.7 92 JAN 13 631 40.29 40
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27.48 124 46.76 23.40 10 .08 1.9 3.7 MEN * 2.7 92 JAN 13
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1609 48.50 38 50.52 122 49.37 3.59 26 .12 .3 .9 GEY
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2.2 92 JAN 14 1935 40.91 36 7.71 120 5.16 7.70 49 .19
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.6 1.3 COA 2.6
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92 JAN 15 458 50.41 36 17.90 120 27.24 12.86 78 .17 .2
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.4 COA 3.8 92 JAN 15 1235 19.80 38 48.06 122 46.39 1.48
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12 .09 .3 .6 GEY 2.1 92 JAN 16 238 2.74 40 33.18 122
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OO 2-03 Page 8 8 Feb 1992
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15.87 20.36 9 .08 .9 1.1 SHA 2.2
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Notes: Origin time in the list is in GMT, in the text and on
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maps
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it is in local time.
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N RD: is the number of readings used to locate the
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event.
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N S: is the number of S waves in N RD.
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RMS SEC: is the root mean squared residual misfit for
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the
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location is seconds, the lower the better,
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over 0.3
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to 0.5 seconds is getting bad, but this is
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machine,
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not hand timed, data.
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ERH: is the estimated horizontal error in kilometers.
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ERZ: is the estimated vertical error in kilometers.
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N FM: is the number of readings used to compute the
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magnitude.
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REMKS: obtuse region codes that denote the velocity
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model
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used to locate the event.
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DUR MAG: is the magnitude as determined from the
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duration of
|
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the seismograms, not the amplitude. Sort of
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like
|
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going to echo canyon and measuring how loud
|
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your
|
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yell is by counting echos.
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FIG: denotes the figure/event number in the maps
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posted separately.
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Table 2. Worldwide Seismicity Data from the USGS National
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Earthquake Information Center
|
||
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UTC TIME LAT LONG DEP GS MAGS SD STA REGION AND
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COMMENTS HRMNSEC MB Msz USED ---
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------------------------------------------------------------
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------------ -JAN 09 085044.9* 40.422N 74.336W 5G
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0.4 6 NEW JERSEY. mbLg 3.0 (GS). Felt
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in Monmouth
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and Middlesex
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Counties.
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090728.6 10.427N 62.792W 99D 4.9 1.0 47 NEAR COAST
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OF VENEZUELA. MD 5.1
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(TRN). Felt (IV) at Port of Spain, Trinidad. Also
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felt at El Pilar,
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Irapa and Yaguaraparo, Venezuela. 134528.9* 36.598N
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22.714E 33N 5.1 1.1 43 SOUTHERN GREECE 153908.7*
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8.814S 109.192W 33N 5.2 5.7 1.1 29 NORTHERN EASTER I.
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CORDILLERA JAN 10 003750.5? 12.59 N 121.00 E 33N 5.4 0.9
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20 MINDORO, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS JAN 11 061658.7? 9.52 N
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87.13 E 33N 5.4 5.0 1.0 16 BAY OF BENGAL JAN 12 000037.2?
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51.23 N 175.68 W 33N 4.7 1.1 17 ANDREANOF ISLANDS,
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OO 2-03 Page 9 8 Feb 1992
|
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ALEUTIAN IS. JAN 13 060844.0 49.297N 128.893W 10G 4.9
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0.7 27 VANCOUVER ISLAND REGION 093742.4? 20.82 S 179.30 W
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576D 5.4 0.5 34 FIJI ISLANDS REGION 115826.7? 1.92 N
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127.71 E 116D 6.1 0.8 14 HALMAHERA JAN 15 065832 Q
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17.8 N 70.2 W 33N 5.7 0.9 48 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
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REGION
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||
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 10 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
* Seti Protocalls
|
||
|
||
|
||
Following some recent discussion of the SETI Protocols on
|
||
the network, Robert Arnold of the SETI Institute has sent me
|
||
an electronic version of the SETI Protocols. Here now is
|
||
the material:
|
||
|
||
|
||
Date: 10 Jan 92 10:11:52 U Subject: Re: Electronic SETI
|
||
Protocols To: skingsle@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu From:
|
||
bob_arnold@qmgate.arc.nasa.gov
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Declaration of Principles Concerning Activities
|
||
Following
|
||
the Detection of Extraterrestrial
|
||
Intelligence
|
||
|
||
|
||
We, the institutions and individuals participating in the
|
||
search for extra-terrestrial intelligence,
|
||
|
||
Recognizing that the search for extraterrestrial
|
||
intelligence is an integral part of space exploration and is
|
||
being undertaken for peaceful purposes and for the common
|
||
interest of all mankind,
|
||
|
||
Inspired by the profound significance for mankind of
|
||
detecting evidence of extraterrestrial intelligence, even
|
||
though the probability of detection may be low,
|
||
|
||
Recalling the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities
|
||
of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space,
|
||
Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, which commits
|
||
States Parties to that Treaty "to inform the Secretary
|
||
General of the United Nations as well as the public and the
|
||
international scientific community, to the greatest extent
|
||
feasible and practicable, of the, nature, conduct, locations
|
||
and results" of their space exploration activities (Article
|
||
XI),
|
||
|
||
Recognizing that any initial detection may be incomplete or
|
||
ambiguous and thus require careful examination as well as
|
||
confirmation, and that it is essential to maintain the
|
||
highest standards of scientific responsibility and
|
||
credibility,
|
||
|
||
Agree to observe the following principles for disseminating
|
||
information about the detection of extraterrestrial
|
||
intelligence:
|
||
|
||
1. Any individual, public or private research institution,
|
||
or governmental
|
||
agency that believes it has detected a signal from or
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 11 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
other evidence of
|
||
extraterrestrial intelligence (the discoverer) should
|
||
seek to verify
|
||
that the most plausible explanation for the evidence is
|
||
the existence
|
||
of extraterrestrial intelligence rather than some other
|
||
natural
|
||
phenomenon or anthropogenic phenomenon before making
|
||
any public
|
||
announcement. If the evidence cannot be confirmed as
|
||
indicating the
|
||
existence of extraterrestrial intelligence, the
|
||
discoverer may
|
||
disseminate the information as appropriate to the
|
||
discovery of any
|
||
unknown phenomenon.
|
||
|
||
2. Prior to making a public announcement that evidence of
|
||
extraterrestrial
|
||
intelligence has been detected, the discoverer should
|
||
promptly inform
|
||
all other observers or research organizations that are
|
||
parties to this
|
||
declaration, so that those other parties may seek to
|
||
confirm the
|
||
discovery by independent observations at other sites
|
||
and so that a
|
||
network can be established to enable continuous
|
||
monitoring of the
|
||
signal or phenomenon. Parties to this declaration
|
||
should not make any
|
||
public announcement of this information until it is
|
||
determined whether
|
||
this information is or is not credible evidence of the
|
||
existence of
|
||
extraterrestrial intelligence. The discoverer should
|
||
inform his/her or
|
||
its relevant national authorities.
|
||
|
||
3. After concluding that the discovery appears to be
|
||
credible evidence of
|
||
extraterrestrial intelligence, and after informing
|
||
other parties to
|
||
this declaration, the discoverer should inform
|
||
observers throughout the
|
||
world through the Central Bureau for Astronomical
|
||
Telegrams of the
|
||
International Astronomical Union, and should inform the
|
||
Secretary
|
||
General of the United Nations in accordance with
|
||
Article XI of the
|
||
Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States
|
||
in the
|
||
Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon
|
||
and Other
|
||
Bodies. Because of their demonstrated interest in and
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 12 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
expertise
|
||
concerning the question of the existence of
|
||
extraterrestrial
|
||
intelligence, the discoverer should simultaneously
|
||
inform the following
|
||
international institutions of the discovery and should
|
||
provide them
|
||
with all pertinent data and recorded information
|
||
concerning the
|
||
evidence: the International Telecommunication Union,
|
||
the Committee on
|
||
Space Research, of the International Council of
|
||
Scientific Unions, the
|
||
International Astronautical Federation, the
|
||
International Academy of
|
||
Astronautics, the International Institute of Space Law,
|
||
Commission 51
|
||
of the International Astronomical Union and Commission
|
||
J of the
|
||
International Radio Science Union.
|
||
|
||
----Cont in part 2------------------------------------------
|
||
----------------
|
||
|
||
4. A confirmed detection of extraterrestrial intelligence
|
||
should be
|
||
disseminated promptly, openly, and widely through
|
||
scientific channels
|
||
and public media, observing the procedures in this
|
||
declaration. The
|
||
discoverer should have the privilege of making the
|
||
first public
|
||
announcement.
|
||
|
||
5. All data necessary for confirmation of detection should
|
||
be made
|
||
available to the international scientific community
|
||
through
|
||
publications, meetings, conferences, and other
|
||
appropriate means.
|
||
|
||
6. The discovery should be confirmed and monitored and any
|
||
data bearing on
|
||
the evidence of extraterrestrial intelligence should be
|
||
recorded and
|
||
stored permanently to the greatest extent feasible and
|
||
practicable, in
|
||
a form that will make it available for further analysis
|
||
and
|
||
interpretation. These recordings should be made
|
||
available to the
|
||
international institutions listed above and to members
|
||
of the
|
||
scientific community for further objective analysis and
|
||
interpretation.
|
||
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 13 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
7. If the evidence of detection is in the form of
|
||
electromagnetic signals,
|
||
the parties to this declaration should seek
|
||
international agreement to
|
||
protect the appropriate frequencies by exercising
|
||
procedures available
|
||
through the International Telecommunication Union.
|
||
Immediate notice
|
||
should be sent to the Secretary General of the ITU in
|
||
Geneva, who may
|
||
include a request to minimize transmissions on the
|
||
relevant frequencies
|
||
in the Weekly Circular. The Secretariat, in
|
||
conjunction with advice of
|
||
the Union's Administrative Council, should explore the
|
||
feasibility and
|
||
utility of convening an Extraordinary Administrative
|
||
Radio Conference
|
||
to deal with the matter, subject to the opinions of the
|
||
member
|
||
Administrations of the ITU.
|
||
|
||
8. No response to a signal or other evidence of
|
||
extraterrestrial
|
||
intelligence should be sent until appropriate
|
||
international
|
||
consultations have taken place. The procedures for
|
||
such consultations
|
||
will be the subject of a separate agreement,
|
||
declaration or
|
||
arrangement.
|
||
|
||
9. The SETI Committee of the International Academy of
|
||
Astronautics, in
|
||
coordination with Commission 51 of the International
|
||
Astronomical
|
||
Union, will conduct a continuing review of procedures
|
||
for the detection
|
||
of extraterrestrial intelligence and the subsequent
|
||
handling of the
|
||
data. Should credible evidence of extraterrestrial
|
||
intelligence be
|
||
discovered, an international committee of scientists
|
||
and other experts
|
||
should be established to serve as a focal point for
|
||
continuing analysis
|
||
of all observational evidence collected in the
|
||
aftermath of the
|
||
discovery, and also to provide advice on the release of
|
||
information to
|
||
the public. This committee should be constituted from
|
||
representatives
|
||
of each of the international institutions listed above
|
||
and such other
|
||
members as the committee may deem necessary.
|
||
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 14 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
To facilitate the convocation of such a committee at some
|
||
unknown time in the future, the SETI Committee of the
|
||
International Academy of Astronautics should initiate and
|
||
maintain a current list of willing representatives from each
|
||
of the international institutions listed above, as well as
|
||
other individuals with relevant skills, and should make that
|
||
list continuously available through the Secretariat of the
|
||
International Academy of Astronautics. The International
|
||
Academy of Astronautics will act as the Depository for this
|
||
declaration and will annually provide a current list of
|
||
parties to all the parties to this declaration.
|
||
|
||
|
||
January 12, 1992 File: PROTOCOL.TXT
|
||
|
||
|
||
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
|
||
* * * * * * * *
|
||
* Dr. Stuart A. Kingsley
|
||
*
|
||
* Consultant
|
||
*
|
||
* AMIEE, SMIEEE,
|
||
*
|
||
* The Planetary Society,
|
||
*
|
||
* Space Studies Institute,
|
||
*
|
||
* Columbus Astronomical Society,
|
||
*
|
||
* Volunteer, SETI Group, Ohio State.
|
||
*
|
||
*
|
||
*
|
||
* "Where No Photon Has
|
||
Gone Before & *
|
||
* The Impossible Takes A
|
||
Little Longer" *
|
||
*
|
||
__________ *
|
||
* FIBERDYNE OPTOELECTRONICS /
|
||
\ *
|
||
* 545 Northview Drive --- hf >> kT
|
||
--- *
|
||
* Columbus, Ohio 43209
|
||
\__________/ *
|
||
* United States
|
||
*
|
||
* Tel/Fax: (614) 258-7402 .. .. ..
|
||
.. .. *
|
||
* Manual Fax Tone Access Code: 33 . . . . . .
|
||
. . . . *
|
||
* Bulletin Board System (BBS): .. .. ..
|
||
.. *
|
||
* Modem: (614) 258-1710,
|
||
*
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 15 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
* 300/1200/2400/4800/9600 Baud, MNP, 8N1.
|
||
*
|
||
* Email: skingsle@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu
|
||
*
|
||
* CompuServe: 72376,3545
|
||
*
|
||
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
|
||
* * * * * * * *
|
||
|
||
|
||
---End of Article---
|
||
|
||
Don dona@bilver.uucp
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 16 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
=================================================================
|
||
CLIPPINGS
|
||
=================================================================
|
||
|
||
|
||
* =START= XMT: 14:49 Fri Jan 03 EXP: 15:00 Fri Jan 10
|
||
|
||
SATURDAY SKYSHOW ON TAP AS ASTRONOMERS PREPARE FOR RARE
|
||
ECLIPSE, METEOR SHOWER
|
||
|
||
(JAN. 3) UPI - Amateur and professional astronomers alike
|
||
geared up for a double- barreled celestial skyshow
|
||
Saturday, a pre-dawn meteor shower visible across North
|
||
America and a rare sunset solar eclipse visible from the
|
||
far Western United States.
|
||
|
||
The potentially spectacular partial eclipse of the sun was
|
||
expected to be visible late in the day as Earth's star set
|
||
on the western horizon.
|
||
|
||
Unlike a widely seen total eclipse of the sun that thrilled
|
||
spectators in Hawaii, Mexico and Central America last July,
|
||
the event Saturday is known as an annular eclipse, one in
|
||
which the moon moves directly in front of the sun but fails
|
||
to fully cover the star's disk.
|
||
|
||
In this case, the Earth is relatively close to the sun
|
||
while the moon is nearly as far from Earth as it ever gets.
|
||
|
||
Sky & Telescope magazine reported that the moon would cover
|
||
just 91 percent of the sun at maximum, around 4:50 p.m.
|
||
PST, creating a ring of light in the sky for observers in
|
||
southwestern California near the coast.
|
||
|
||
Edwin Krupp at the Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles said
|
||
if the weather cooperates, the eclipse ''will be
|
||
stunning.''
|
||
|
||
''A ring of fire will slip into the Pacific,'' he said.
|
||
|
||
Observers along the coast of California, from near Oxnard
|
||
to Los Angeles and San Diego, expected to see the moon move
|
||
directly across the sun's disk, weather permitting,
|
||
creating a rare annular eclipse at sunset.
|
||
|
||
Spectators in Mexico, western Texas, New Mexico, Arizona,
|
||
Nevada, Colorado, Idaho, Wyoming, Utah, Montana, Oregon,
|
||
Washington, northwest Canada and Alaska awaited a partial
|
||
eclipse, one in which the sun's disk would appear crescent
|
||
shaped.
|
||
|
||
The unusual celestial event - with the moon blocking the
|
||
sun at sunset - occurs at any given location only about
|
||
once every 20,000 years.
|
||
|
||
But forecasters said cloud cover threatened to ruin the day
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 17 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
for Southern Californians planning to watch the eclipse.
|
||
|
||
''There is a chance that people won't be able to see it,''
|
||
said Scott Entrekin
|
||
a meteorologist with the National Weather Service. ''It's
|
||
really going to be a hit-and-miss proposition.''
|
||
|
||
In any case, spectators should take precautions whenever
|
||
viewing the sun. While the sun will not be as bright near
|
||
the horizon as it is when it is high in the sky, experts
|
||
said one should never look directly at the sun long enough
|
||
for heat to build up on the retina.
|
||
|
||
''The usual eclipse warnings about danger to eyesight from
|
||
looking at the sun may not apply in their usual simple form
|
||
for this event,'' writes Alan MacRobert in Sky & Telescope.
|
||
''A setting sun, dimmed and reddened to an unpredictable
|
||
degree, presents too many uncertainties.''
|
||
|
||
''Thus, prudence would dictate taking only brief looks even
|
||
when the sun is fairly comfortable to view,'' he writes.
|
||
''Don't stare long enough for heat to build up on your
|
||
retina.''
|
||
|
||
While the eclipse was limited to observers in western North
|
||
America and on islands scattered across the Pacific Ocean,
|
||
a possibly spectacular meteor shower was expected to be
|
||
visible across the United States early Saturday.
|
||
|
||
The annual Quadrantid meteor shower, unrelated to the
|
||
eclipse, was expected to peak around 5 a.m. EST.
|
||
|
||
According to Sky & Telescope, observers with clear, dark
|
||
skies could expect to see ''as many as 50 or possibly over
|
||
100 meteors ... per hour before dawn.''
|
||
|
||
''The peak of the 'Quads'' last only a few hours,'' the
|
||
magazine reports in its January issue. ''If you're watching
|
||
when it arrives, this can be one of the year's best meteor
|
||
displays.''
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
|
||
* =START= XMT: 15:24 Fri Jan 03 EXP: 15:00 Mon Jan 06
|
||
|
||
DAYBOOK: NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION NEWS
|
||
CONFERENCE
|
||
|
||
(JAN. 3) FNS - SUBJECT: Opportunities and challenges of the
|
||
coming year
|
||
|
||
|
||
LOCATION: Kennedy Space Center News Center
|
||
auditorium, Cape
|
||
Canaveral, FL
|
||
-- Conference to be aired on NASA Select
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 18 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
Television,
|
||
carried on Satcom F2R, Transponder 13,
|
||
and news media
|
||
located at NASA Headquarters and field
|
||
centers will be
|
||
able to participate
|
||
-- News media may monitor the conference
|
||
by telephone at
|
||
407-867-1220, -1240 or -1260
|
||
-- January 6
|
||
|
||
PARTICIPANTS: Robert L Crippen, former Space Shuttle
|
||
Director at NASA
|
||
Headquarters, who assumed the post of
|
||
director of KSC on
|
||
January 1
|
||
|
||
|
||
CONTACT: 407-867-2468
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
|
||
* =START= XMT: 09:46 Sun Jan 05 EXP: 10:00 Tue Jan 07
|
||
|
||
WEST COAST RESIDENTS ANTICIPATE BRILLIANT SKYSHOW WITH
|
||
SUNSET SOLAR ECLIPSE
|
||
|
||
(JAN. 5) UPI - Astronomers aimed their telescopes Saturday
|
||
and amateur stargazers stood in line to buy eyescreens in
|
||
anticipation of a rare sunset solar eclipse expected to be
|
||
visible along the West Coast.
|
||
|
||
The eclipse - the second in the region in six months - was
|
||
expected to be visible west of a line running from Oaxaca,
|
||
Mexico, through eastern Colorado, Wyoming and Montana, to
|
||
Alaska.
|
||
|
||
The partial eclipse of the sun was expected to be visible
|
||
late in the day as Earth's star set on the western horizon.
|
||
|
||
Unlike a widely seen total eclipse of the sun that thrilled
|
||
spectators in Hawaii, Mexico and Central America last July,
|
||
Saturday's event is an annular eclipse, in which the moon
|
||
moves directly in front of the sun but fails to fully cover
|
||
the star's disk.
|
||
|
||
In this case, the Earth is relatively close to the sun
|
||
while the moon is nearly as far from Earth as it ever gets.
|
||
|
||
Sky & Telescope magazine reported that the moon would cover
|
||
just 91 percent of the sun at maximum, around 4:50 p.m.
|
||
PST, creating a ring of light in the sky for observers in
|
||
southwestern California near the coast.
|
||
|
||
Edwin Krupp at the Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles said
|
||
if the weather cooperates, the eclipse ''will be
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 19 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
stunning.''
|
||
|
||
''A ring of fire will slip into the Pacific,'' he said.
|
||
|
||
Observers along the coast of California, from near Oxnard
|
||
to Los Angeles and San Diego, expected to see the moon move
|
||
directly across the sun's disk, weather permitting,
|
||
creating a rare annular eclipse at sunset.
|
||
|
||
Spectators in Mexico, western Texas, New Mexico, Arizona,
|
||
Nevada, Colorado, Idaho, Wyoming, Utah, Montana, Oregon,
|
||
Washington, northwest Canada and Alaska awaited a partial
|
||
eclipse, one in which the sun's disk would appear
|
||
crescent-shaped.
|
||
|
||
But forecasters warned clouds from the third storm in a
|
||
week could spoil the celestial show in Southern California.
|
||
|
||
Nevertheless, some residents booked window tables at their
|
||
favorite restaurants in anticipation of the eclipse.
|
||
|
||
Meteorolgists and astronomers cautioned spectators to take
|
||
precautions when viewing the eclipse. Experts warned one
|
||
should never look directly at the sun long enough for heat
|
||
to build up on the retina.
|
||
|
||
About 100 poeple lined up in front of the Reuben H. Fleet
|
||
space theater in San Diego, which was selling $4 filters to
|
||
view the eclipse.
|
||
|
||
Griffith Observatory was also selling $5 orange filters
|
||
designed to protect eyes while allowing enough light to
|
||
pass through so that people can view the eclipse.
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
|
||
* =START= XMT: 09:37 Tue Jan 07 EXP: 10:00 Wed Jan 08
|
||
|
||
CHINA TO ACTIVELY PARTICIPATE IN UNITED NATIONS'
|
||
INTERNATIONAL SPACE YEAR
|
||
|
||
BEIJING (JANUARY 7) XINHUA - THE CHINESE GOVERNMENT WILL
|
||
GIVE ENTHUSIASTIC SUPPORT TO THE UNITED NATIONS IN ITS
|
||
EFFORTS TO HOLD THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE YEAR OF 1992, A
|
||
LEADING CHINESE SPACE SCIENTIST SAID HERE TODAY.
|
||
|
||
AT ITS 44TH ASSEMBLY, THE UNITED NATIONS NAMED THE YEAR
|
||
1992 AS THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE YEAR IN MEMORY OF THE 500TH
|
||
ANNIVERSARY OF COLUMBUS' LANDING ON AMERICA AND THE 10TH
|
||
ANNIVERSARY OF THE INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM FOR THE
|
||
EXPLOITATION OF OUTER SPACE.
|
||
|
||
SPEAKING AT A PRESS CONFERENCE, PROFESSOR WANG DAHENG,
|
||
MEMBER OF THE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND CHAIRMAN OF
|
||
CHINA'S NATIONAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE FOR INTERNATIONAL
|
||
SPACE YEAR, DISCLOSED CHINA'S PLANNED ACTIVITIES TO MARK
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 20 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
THE SPACE YEAR.
|
||
|
||
ACCORDING TO PROFESSOR WANG, CHINA WILL HOLD A NUMBER OF
|
||
|
||
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES ON SPACE SCIENCES IN BEIJING,
|
||
WHICH INCLUDE 'THE INTERNATIONAL WORKING CONFERENCE OF
|
||
GEOSCIENTISTS,' 'THE SINO-GERMAN SECOND SYMPOSIUM ON
|
||
MICRO-GRAVITY,' 'THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE
|
||
ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF SPACE SCIENCES,' 'THE INTERNATIONAL
|
||
YOUTH SPACE SUMMER CAMP,' AND 'THE SPACE SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM
|
||
BETWEEN CHINA'S MAINLAND AND ITS TAIWAN PROVINCE.'
|
||
|
||
MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS FROM CHINA'S MAINLAND AND TAIWAN
|
||
PROVINCE, THAILAND, AND SINGAPORE WILL ALSO BE OFFERED A
|
||
CHANCE TO SEND THEIR 'PAYLOAD' --SEEDS OF TOMATOS-- ON
|
||
BOARD CHINA'S SATELLITES, GIVING THEM A CHANCE TO OBSERVE
|
||
AND STUDY THE GROWTH OF SEEDS UNDER A DIFFERENT
|
||
ENVIRONMENT.
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
|
||
* =START= XMT: 03:38 Tue Jan 07 EXP: 04:00 Wed Jan 08
|
||
|
||
DAYBOOK: FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION AVIATION SECURITY
|
||
ADVISORY COMMITTEE
|
||
|
||
(JAN. 7) FNS - SUBJECT: Discussion of the carriage of
|
||
weapons on aircraft
|
||
-- FR 12-20, p. 66116
|
||
|
||
|
||
LOCATION: MacCracken Room, FAA, 800 Independence
|
||
Ave SW, Washington,
|
||
DC
|
||
-- January 7
|
||
|
||
|
||
CONTACT: 202-267-9863
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
|
||
|
||
* =START= XMT: 03:45 Tue Jan 07 EXP: 04:00 Wed Jan 08
|
||
|
||
DAYBOOK: USIA WORLDNET BROADCAST
|
||
|
||
(JAN. 7) FNS - SUBJECT: NASA project scientist Jeff Dozier
|
||
discusses Earth
|
||
Observation Systems (Broadcast to Bangkok
|
||
and Canberra)
|
||
|
||
|
||
LOCATION: 601 D St NW, Washington DC
|
||
-- January 7
|
||
|
||
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 21 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
CONTACT: 202-501-7218
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
|
||
Matched keyword: SPACE...
|
||
|
||
=START= XMT: 12:31 Tue Jan 07 EXP: 12:00 Wed Jan 08
|
||
|
||
DAYBOOK: TRANSPORTATION DEPARTMENT FEDERAL AVIATION
|
||
ADMINISTRATION, RADIO
|
||
|
||
(JAN. 7) FNS - SUBJECT: Minimum operational performance
|
||
standards for the
|
||
supplemental airborne navigation
|
||
equipment using global
|
||
positioning system
|
||
-- FR 12-16, p. 65304
|
||
|
||
|
||
LOCATION: 1140 Connecticut Ave NW, suite 1020,
|
||
Washington, DC
|
||
-- January 8
|
||
-- January 9
|
||
-- January 10
|
||
|
||
|
||
CONTACT: 202-833-9339
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
|
||
* =START= XMT: 14:51 Mon Jan 06 EXP: 15:00 Thu Jan 09
|
||
|
||
NASA'S NEW DIRECTOR CRIPPEN REPORTS PLANS TO ELIMINATE
|
||
5,000 JOBS BY 1996
|
||
|
||
CAPE CANAVERAL, FL (JAN. 6) UPI - NASA managers, trying to
|
||
chop $500 million from the shuttle budget, plan to
|
||
eliminate some 5,000 jobs across the nation by 1996, but an
|
||
agency official said Monday safety will be maintained
|
||
despite the cuts and a higher launch rate.
|
||
|
||
Former astronaut Robert Crippen, who took over Jan. 1 as
|
||
the new director of the Kennedy Space Center, told
|
||
reporters that attrition alone will not save enough money
|
||
to meet the projected budget and that an undetermined
|
||
number of contractor layoffs will be required over the next
|
||
few years to make up the difference.
|
||
|
||
''We're talking about cutting out of the shuttle program
|
||
approximately $500 million by the time we get to '96,'' he
|
||
said. ''You can translate that into approximately 5,000
|
||
jobs across the country. We're going to be reducing, across
|
||
the country, the number of people we put on shuttle.''
|
||
|
||
The goal, announced late last year, is to cut the shuttle
|
||
budget by 15 percent
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 22 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
or about 3 percent per year, over the next five years. At
|
||
the same time, the space agency is attempting to increase
|
||
the number of shuttle flights conducted each year while
|
||
maintaining strict safety standards.
|
||
|
||
Crippen agreed that it will not be easy. But he said NASA's
|
||
post- Challenger emphasis on flight safety will remain just
|
||
as high in years to come as it is at present.
|
||
|
||
''There've been some insinuations that my arrival here at
|
||
KSC was going to put a different focus on safety,'' Crippen
|
||
told spaceport employees earlier Monday. ''Well, I'd like
|
||
to borrow some words from the president ... read my lips.
|
||
Safety is our number one concern and it will remain so.''
|
||
|
||
Asked how he could maintain flight safety while
|
||
implementing budget cuts and increasing the flight rate,
|
||
Crippen said ''we have redundancy in several different
|
||
areas. We believe there are some places in those that we
|
||
can eliminate some of that redundancy without compromising
|
||
the hardware or assuring that it's safe and ready to fly.''
|
||
|
||
NASA launched six shuttle flights in 1991 while at least
|
||
eight missions are on tap in 1992. Crippen said eight to 10
|
||
flights likely would be the maximum the agency would be
|
||
able to support in a given year.
|
||
|
||
Crippen took the helm at the Florida shuttleport Jan. 1,
|
||
replacing retired Air Force Lt. Gen. Forrest McCartney, who
|
||
was forced to step down after five years on the job by
|
||
William Lenoir, associate administrator for manned space
|
||
flight.
|
||
|
||
Crippen's arrival in Florida coincides with the
|
||
implementation of a variety of proposed management changes
|
||
in the shuttle program.
|
||
|
||
The changes are the result of several outside studies that
|
||
called for moving shuttle program managers, now based at
|
||
the Johnson Space Center in Houston and the Marshall Space
|
||
Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala., to the Kennedy Space
|
||
Center.
|
||
|
||
Leonard Nicholson, a top manager at the Johnson Space
|
||
Center, recently was named to replace Crippen as shuttle
|
||
program director.
|
||
|
||
''We're going to move that job from Washington here to
|
||
Kennedy,'' Crippen said. ''And during this upcoming year,
|
||
we're going to be looking across our management of the
|
||
shuttle program to look at what other areas of management
|
||
we'd like to move to KSC, both government and contractor.
|
||
The who, what where and when of that has not been
|
||
defined.''
|
||
|
||
Critics have argued that the net effect of the plan will be
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 23 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
to put officials from Johnson and Marshall in charge of
|
||
shuttle processing, traditionally a Kennedy Space Center
|
||
task. If so, critics say, channels of communications will
|
||
be blurred and more intra-center rivalry will develop.
|
||
|
||
Crippen disagreed Monday, saying: ''I believe that Kennedy
|
||
is still going to be in charge of processing the
|
||
hardware.''
|
||
|
||
''Our intent is that this is where all the shuttle hardware
|
||
is,'' he said. ''This is where it's at. Consequently, this
|
||
is the proper place to manage it instead of doing it long
|
||
distance like I was doing from Washington (as shuttle
|
||
program director).''
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
|
||
|
||
* =START= XMT: 17:51 Mon Jan 06 EXP: 18:00 Thu Jan 09
|
||
|
||
NASA'S MAGELLAN PROBE SUFFERS RADIO PROBLEM DISRUPTING
|
||
MAPPING OF VENUS
|
||
|
||
(JAN. 6) UPI - Problems with a critical radio transmitter
|
||
aboard NASA's remarkably successful Magellan probe have
|
||
forced engineers to interrupt the $550 million spacecraft's
|
||
mapping of cloud-shrouded Venus, officials said Monday.
|
||
|
||
The trouble developed Saturday and while the solar-powered
|
||
spacecraft is equipped with a backup ''X-band''
|
||
transmitter, that unit has a tendency to overheat, which
|
||
degrades the quality of the science data that is beamed
|
||
back to Earth.
|
||
|
||
''They appeared to have lost a component on the main
|
||
downlink transmitter, that's the X-band,'' said James
|
||
Doyle, a spokesman for NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in
|
||
Pasadena, Calif. ''That stopped mapping.''
|
||
|
||
When engineers switched to the backup transmitter, it
|
||
overheated after about 25 minutes of operation. Last March,
|
||
engineers discovered that the backup radio had a tendency
|
||
to draw more power than expected, generating unwanted heat.
|
||
Since then, Magellan has been using its primary transmitter
|
||
to relay data back to Earth.
|
||
|
||
''The spacecraft is in good health in every other way,''
|
||
Doyle said. ''They're going to study this apparently for
|
||
quite a while. They've got to find out exactly what
|
||
happened.''
|
||
|
||
At least one of the two Motorola-built transmitters - each
|
||
one is believed to have cost at least $1 million - is
|
||
required to relay photo- like radar images of Venus back to
|
||
Earth. Similar radios are in service aboard nearly two
|
||
dozen other spacecraft, according to Magellan builder
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 24 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
Martin Marietta Astronautics Group of Denver.
|
||
|
||
Doyle said if the primary transmitter cannot be fixed,
|
||
engineers would attempt to work around the backup radio's
|
||
tendency to overheat. Should both transmitters ultimately
|
||
prove inoperable, Magellan would be unable to continue
|
||
mapping the surface of Venus.
|
||
|
||
The 2,880-pound Magellan accomplished the primary goal of
|
||
its mission last May 15, when it completed a 243-day radar
|
||
mapping sequence covering more than 80 percent of the
|
||
planet's once-hidden surface.
|
||
|
||
Since then, engineers at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory have
|
||
been using the spacecraft to fill in blanks in coverage and
|
||
to map the planet's south polar region. As of Saturday,
|
||
Magellan had mapped more than 95 percent of Venus during
|
||
more than 3,880 orbits.
|
||
|
||
By any standards, the Magellan project repressents one of
|
||
NASA's most successful missions, generating a flood of data
|
||
that has allowed planetary scientists to create maps of
|
||
Venus that are more accurate than those of Earth, where
|
||
oceans prevent precise seabed mapping.
|
||
|
||
NASA hopes to operate Magellan for nearly two more years at
|
||
least, and while a failure now would deeply disappoint
|
||
space scientists, program officials said enough data
|
||
already has been returned to keep researchers busy for
|
||
years to come.
|
||
|
||
Launched from the shuttle Atlantis on May 4, 1989, Magellan
|
||
slipped into orbit around Venus on Aug. 19, 1990. The
|
||
spacecraft uses radar beams instead of visible light to
|
||
''see'' through the thick clouds that block the planet's
|
||
surface from view.
|
||
|
||
After getting off to a shaky start - a faulty computer
|
||
memory knocked the craft out of contact with Earth several
|
||
times during initial operations - Magellan has been
|
||
steadily mapping the hidden surface of Venus, stripping
|
||
away the veils of mystery that have shrouded Earth's sister
|
||
planet since antiquity.
|
||
|
||
The tortured planet revealed by Magellan's radar imaging
|
||
system is a hellish world dotted with giant volcanoes,
|
||
impact craters, lava flows, mountain ranges and tremendous
|
||
fault systems, a violent planet that appears to be active
|
||
to this day.
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
|
||
* =START= XMT: 13:41 Tue Jan 07 EXP: 14:00 Wed Jan 08
|
||
|
||
SPACE SHUTTLE DISCOVERY'S CREW PREPARES FOR JAN. 22 LAUNCH
|
||
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 25 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
CAPE CANAVERAL, FL (JAN. 7) UPI - The shuttle Discovery's
|
||
crew strapped in and worked through a smooth practice
|
||
countdown Tuesday, setting the stage for takeoff Jan. 22 on
|
||
a seven-day science mission.
|
||
|
||
Wearing bulky, bright-orange spacesuits, the six-man,
|
||
one-woman crew climbed aboard the $2 billion spaceplane
|
||
early Tuesday for the final hours of the ''terminal
|
||
countdown demonstration test,'' an exercise designed to
|
||
give the launch team and the astronauts a chance to
|
||
practice launch-day procedures.
|
||
|
||
At 11:01 a.m. EST, the two-day countdown was stopped at the
|
||
T-minus 4-second mark after the simulated ignition and
|
||
shutdown of Discovery's three main engines.
|
||
|
||
Commander Ronald Grabe, 46, co-pilot Stephen Oswald, 40,
|
||
Norman Thagard, 48, William Readdy, 39, David Hilmers, 41,
|
||
Canadian researcher Roberta Bondar, 46, and European
|
||
scientist Ulf Merbold, 50, then practiced emergency launch
|
||
pad escape procedures.
|
||
|
||
All seven planned to fly back to the Johnson Space Center
|
||
in Houston later in the day for final training.
|
||
|
||
''Everything went as planned in today's countdown test,''
|
||
said NASA spokesman Mitch Varnes. ''The managers feel we
|
||
have a healthy vehicle and are on schedule for a launch.''
|
||
|
||
An official launch date will not be set until Thursday, but
|
||
engineers are shooting for a liftoff at 8:54 a.m. Jan. 22.
|
||
Launch will mark the first of at least eight missions
|
||
planned for 1992.
|
||
|
||
Nestled in Discovery's cargo bay is a European-built
|
||
Spacelab laboratory module loaded with materials science
|
||
and medical experiments.
|
||
|
||
Working around the clock in two shifts, the astronauts plan
|
||
to study the medical effects of weightlessness and to carry
|
||
out a battery of experiments devoted to materials
|
||
processing. Such research could lead to new materials with
|
||
a variety of industrial applications.
|
||
|
||
If all goes well, Grabe and Oswald will guide Discovery to
|
||
a landing Jan. 29 at Edwards Air Force Base in California's
|
||
Mojave Desert.
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
|
||
* =START= XMT: 14:36 Wed Jan 08 EXP: 15:00 Sat Jan 11
|
||
|
||
LOCKHEED LAB COMPLETES FIELD TEST ON SOLUTION TO WIND SHEAR
|
||
AND SPACE LAUNCHES
|
||
|
||
PALO ALTO, CA (JAN. 8) BUSINESS WIRE - Lockheed Palo Alto
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 26 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
Research Laboratory and Coherent Technologies Inc. of
|
||
Boulder, Colo., have completed a field test program at NASA
|
||
Kennedy Space Center to evaluate using the world's most
|
||
powerful solid-state coherent laser radar to detect wind
|
||
shear in the atmosphere above the space shuttle launch
|
||
site. Lockheed Project Manager James Hawley directed the
|
||
effort.
|
||
|
||
The Coherent Launch-Site Atmospheric Wind Sounder (CLAWS)
|
||
is a lidar atmospheric wind sensor designed to measure the
|
||
winds aloft at space launch facilities to an altitude of 20
|
||
kilometers (16 miles).
|
||
|
||
The aim of the field test program is to appraise the
|
||
ability of CLAWS to meet NASA goals for increased safety
|
||
and launch/mission flexibility at Kennedy Space Center.
|
||
|
||
|
||
The National Research Council, in a 1988 report entitled
|
||
''Meteorological Support for Space Operations,'' recognized
|
||
the importance of high fidelity measurement of weather
|
||
phenomena ''to make all phases of the manned and unmanned
|
||
space programs more efficient, less threatened by delay,
|
||
and free of weather-related hazards that could lead to
|
||
damage or loss of spacecraft of even human lives.''
|
||
|
||
Wind shear, the sudden and violent change of wind
|
||
direction, was of particular concern to the authors of the
|
||
report. They acknowledged that severe wind shear
|
||
encountered by the Challenger space shuttle on Jan. 28,
|
||
1986 may have contributed to the accident which ended in
|
||
the loss of the orbiter and cost the lives of seven
|
||
astronauts.
|
||
|
||
Present approaches to the measurement of wind shear involve
|
||
the release and tracking weather balloons to launch.
|
||
Because there is often an hour delay between these
|
||
measurements and launch, the result is at best a crude
|
||
picture of the dynamics of the atmosphere along the flight
|
||
path of the launch vehicle.
|
||
|
||
Lockheed's approach, CLAWS, utilizes a powerful
|
||
ground-based lidar, or laser radar, that measures wind
|
||
velocities along the flight path. It accomplishes this by
|
||
comparing the frequency of the laser pulses with the light
|
||
reflected back from the moving aerosols, or suspended
|
||
particles, in the atmosphere. Wind velocity is proportional
|
||
to the change in frequency of the light reflected back to
|
||
the instrument.
|
||
|
||
These measurements are made in real-time and can continue
|
||
during vehicle flight, thus making available valuable data
|
||
that could be uplinked to the guidance and control systems
|
||
of the vehicle. Also under study is the potential for
|
||
incorporating a CLAWS instrument aboard present and future
|
||
launch vehicles.
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 27 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
The CLAWS instrument can be used to support both the launch
|
||
and landing operations of the space shuttle, as well as
|
||
expendable vehicles. Lockheed is the prime contractor for
|
||
the program. The program is managed by NASA Langley
|
||
Research Center, Hampton, Va.
|
||
|
||
CONTACT: Lockheed Missiles & Space Company Inc., Sunnyvale
|
||
Buddy Nelson, 408/742-7704.
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
* =START= XMT: 12:33 Thu Jan 09 EXP: 12:00 Fri Jan 10
|
||
|
||
CHINESE AEROSPACE INDUSTRY ENTERS BUSIEST YEAR IN 1992
|
||
|
||
BEIJING (JAN. 9) XINHUA - THE MINISTRY OF AEROSPACE
|
||
INDUSTRY WILL BE MUCH BUSIER IN 1992, 'CHINA DAILY'
|
||
REPORTED TODAY.
|
||
|
||
THE REPORT QUOTED MINISTER LIN ZONGTANG AS SAYING THAT THIS
|
||
YEAR WILL BE A BUSIEST YEAR IN THE INDUSTRY'S 40-YEAR
|
||
HISTORY, WITH MORE AIRCRAFT MODELS DEVELOPED AND MORE
|
||
SATELLITES LAUNCHED.
|
||
|
||
LIN MADE THE REMARKS YESTERDAY AT AN ONGOING NATIONAL
|
||
CONFERENCE HERE. THE REPORT SAID CHINA WILL USE LONG MARCH
|
||
2 CARRIER ROCKETS TO LAUNCH TWO AUSTRALIAN
|
||
TELECOMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE IN MARCH AND AUTUMN
|
||
RESPECTIVELY, AND LAUNCH A SWEDISH RESEARCH SATELLITE IN
|
||
OCTOBER.
|
||
|
||
LIN ALSO SET 500 MILLION U.S. DOLLARS IN FOREIGN CURRENCY
|
||
AS THE MINISTRY'S EXPORT TARGET FOR MACHINERY AND
|
||
ELECTRONICS MADE BY ITS FACTORIES, 100 MILLION U.S. DOLLARS
|
||
MORE THAN LAST YEAR.
|
||
|
||
HE URGED THE USE OF AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY TO DEVELOP MORE
|
||
CIVILIAN PRODUCTS AND ENCOURAGED RESEARCH CENTERS,
|
||
INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER LEARNING AND ENTERPRISES TO JOIN
|
||
HANDS TO FORM HIGH-TECH DEVELOPMENT GROUPS.
|
||
|
||
HIS REMARKS WERE ECHOED BY STATE COUNCILLOR SONG JIAN, ALSO
|
||
THE MINISTER IN CHARGE OF THE STATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
|
||
COMMISSION. SONG SAID AT THE CONFERENCE THAT PUTTING
|
||
AEROSPACE PRODUCTS INTO THE WORLD MARKET SHOULD BE
|
||
CONSIDERED A LONG-TERM POLICY.
|
||
|
||
SINCE CHINA STARTED REFORMS AND OPENING POLICIES IN 1979,
|
||
THE COUNTRY HAS ESTABLISHED COOPERATIVE TIES IN AEROSPACE
|
||
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY WITH MANY COUNTRIES, INCLUDING THE
|
||
UNITED STATES, GERMANY, FRANCE AND SWEDEN. LAST YEAR CHINA
|
||
SIGNED COOPERATION AGREEMENTS ON AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY WITH
|
||
INDIA, PAKISTAN AND ITALY.
|
||
|
||
OFFICIALS SAID AT THE CONFERENCE THAT SINCE 1990, CHINA HAS
|
||
SIGNED AGREEMENTS WITH THE FORMER SOVIET UNION, AND
|
||
CONCERNED DEPARTMENTS IN THE REPUBLICS OF THE NEW
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 28 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
COMMONWEALTH HAVE SAID THESE AGREEMENTS WILL NOT BE
|
||
AFFECTED.
|
||
|
||
COMMENTING ON CHINA'S RECENT TELECOMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE
|
||
LAUNCH MISHAP, MINISTER LIN SAID THE CAUSE OF THE
|
||
MALFUNCTION HAD BEEN FOUND OUT AND WILL NOT REOCCUR IN THE
|
||
FUTURE.
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
|
||
* =START= XMT: 11:33 Thu Jan 09 EXP: 12:00 Thu Jan 16
|
||
|
||
U.S. SCIENTISTS FIND TWO NEW PLANETS IN MILKY WAY GALAXY
|
||
|
||
WASHINGTON (JAN. 9) XINHUA - U.S. ASTRONOMERS HAVE FOUND
|
||
EVIDENCE OF AT LEAST TWO AND POSSIBLY THREE PLANETS
|
||
ORBITING A DENSE STAR IN THE MILKY WAY GALAXY. THEY SAID,
|
||
IF CONFIRMED, THE PLANETS WOULD BE THE FIRST KNOWN OUTSIDE
|
||
THE SOLAR SYSTEM.
|
||
|
||
SEVERAL PRIOR STUDIES HAD CLAIMED TO FIND SUCH PLANETS, BUT
|
||
SOME OF THOSE STUDIES HAVE BEEN PROVED WRONG OR REMAIN
|
||
UNCONFIRMED.
|
||
|
||
THE NEWLY DISCOVERED SUPPOSED PLANETS ARE IN ORBIT NOT
|
||
AROUND A 'NORMAL' STAR LIKE THE SUN BUT A DENSELY PACKED,
|
||
DEAD STAR KNOWN AS A PULSAR. PULSARS LEND THEMSELVES TO
|
||
MEASUREMENT BY EXISTING EARTH TECHNOLOGY, BUT ASTRONOMERS
|
||
SAID THEY WILL NEED MORE CREATIVE TECHNOLOGY TO MAKE
|
||
SIMILAR DISCOVERIES INVOLVING ORDINARY STARS.
|
||
|
||
THE TWO PUTATIVE PLANETS, EACH ABOUT THREE TIMES THE MASS
|
||
OF EARTH, ARE CIRCLING A NEWLY DISCOVERED PULSAR LOCATED
|
||
ABOUT 1,300 LIGHT-YEARS FROM EARTH IN THE PLANE OF THE
|
||
MILKY WAY. THE PLANET ON THE INSIDE TRACK APPEARS TO ORBIT
|
||
THE PULSAR ONCE EVERY 66.6 DAYS. THE OTHER PLANET ON THE
|
||
OUTSIDE TRACK APPEARS TO ORBIT THE PULSAR ONCE EVERY 98.2
|
||
DAYS.
|
||
|
||
RESULTS ALSO SUGGESTED THE POSSIBILITY OF A THIRD PLANET
|
||
THAT ORBITS ABOUT ONCE A YEAR.
|
||
|
||
SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUPPOSED PLANETS 'ARE NOT
|
||
UNLIKE THOSE OF THE INNER SOLAR SYSTEM,' ACCORDING TO THE
|
||
DISCOVERERS. BOTH PLANETS ARE IN ORBITS ABOUT THE SAME
|
||
DISTANCE FROM THEIR PULSAR AS MERCURY IF FROM THE SUN -- AT
|
||
33.5 MILLION MILES AND 44 MILLION MILES OUT.
|
||
|
||
THE NEW STUDY WAS PRESENTED BY ALEXANDER WOLSZCZAN, A
|
||
SENIOR RESEARCHER WITH THE NATIONAL ASTRONOMY AND
|
||
IONOSPHERE CENTER AT THE ARECIBO OBSERVATORY IN PUERTO
|
||
RICO, AND DALE A. FRAIL AT THE NATIONAL RADIO ASTRONOMY
|
||
OBSERVATORY IN SOCORRO, NEW MEXICO. ITS PUBLISHED IN
|
||
TODAY'S ISSUE OF THE JOURNAL NATURE.
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 29 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
* =START= XMT: 06:01 Thu Jan 09 EXP: 06:00 Sun Jan 12
|
||
|
||
NASA AIMS TO TRIM $1.8 BILLION IN SPACE SHUTTLE PROGRAM BY
|
||
CUTTING 4,000 JOBS
|
||
|
||
CAPE CANAVERAL, FLORIDA (JAN. 9) DPA - The National
|
||
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) will trim some
|
||
1.8 billion dollars from its space shuttle programme by
|
||
1996 by cutting 4,000 jobs, a NASA spokesman said in Cape
|
||
Canaveral on Wednesday.
|
||
|
||
The statement corrected the director of the Kennedy Space
|
||
Center, Robert Crippen, who said Monday that 5,000 jobs
|
||
would be cut, resulting in a savings of 500 million
|
||
dollars.
|
||
|
||
NASA said the money would be diverted to other programmes,
|
||
such as its financially ailing space station project.
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
|
||
* =START= XMT: 14:31 Thu Jan 09 EXP: 14:00 Fri Jan 10
|
||
|
||
SHUTTLE DISCOVERY CLEARED FOR JAN. 22 LAUNCH, SEVEN-DAY
|
||
SPACELAB MISSION
|
||
|
||
CAPE CANAVERAL, FL (JAN. 9) UPI - The shuttle Discovery
|
||
and its six-man, one-woman crew were formally cleared
|
||
Thursday for blastoff Jan. 22 on a seven-day Spacelab
|
||
mission dedicated to medical research and materials
|
||
science.
|
||
|
||
Top NASA managers at the Kennedy Space Center breezed
|
||
through a review of launch processing Thursday and with no
|
||
problems of any significance under discussion, William
|
||
Lenoir, NASA's associate administrator for space flight,
|
||
officially cleared the spaceplane for liftoff at 8:53 a.m.
|
||
EST on Jan. 22.
|
||
|
||
At the controls will be commander Ronald Grabe, 46, and
|
||
co-pilot Stephen Oswald, 40. Their crewmates are flight
|
||
engineer William Readdy, 39, Norman Thagard, 48, David
|
||
Hilmers, 41, German researcher Ulf Merbold, 50, and
|
||
Canadian scientist Roberta Bondar, 46.
|
||
|
||
Hilmers and Thagard are making their fourth shuttle flights
|
||
while Grabe has two previous missions to his credit and
|
||
Merbold one. Oswald, Readdy and Bondar
|
||
the second Canadian to fly aboard a shuttle, are rookies.
|
||
|
||
Nestled in Discovery's cargo bay is a European-built
|
||
Spacelab module, a roomy laboratory connected to the
|
||
shuttle's crew cabin by a pressurized tunnel. The $1
|
||
billion lab is packed with racks of experiments that will
|
||
be operated around the clock throughout the seven- day
|
||
flight.
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 30 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
Discovery's mission, the first of at least eight planned
|
||
for 1992, marks the fifth flight of a Spacelab module,
|
||
provided by the European Space Agency to permit shuttle
|
||
crews to conduct sophisticated research in orbit.
|
||
|
||
Merbold flew aboard the shuttle Columbia in 1983 as a West
|
||
German when the Spacelab module made its maiden flight. He
|
||
will be the first non-NASA space flier to make two shuttle
|
||
flights.
|
||
|
||
If all goes well, Merbold and his six crewmates will fly
|
||
from the Johnson Space Center in Houston to the Florida
|
||
spaceport Jan. 18. The countdown is scheduled to begin at 1
|
||
p.m. the next day.
|
||
|
||
The astronauts plan to work around the clock throughout the
|
||
mission, staffing the orbiter in two 12-hour shifts. The
|
||
night shift, called the ''red'' team, is made up of Readdy,
|
||
Hilmers and Merbold, while the ''blue'' day shift is made
|
||
up of Grabe, Oswald, Thagard and Bondar.
|
||
|
||
By the time they arrive at the Kennedy Space Center for
|
||
launch, the astronauts already will be adjusted to the
|
||
split-shift sleep cycle. Nonetheless, the red team has the
|
||
unenviable task fo trying to go to sleep a mere 4 1/2 hours
|
||
after Discovery's adrenalin-producing takeoff.
|
||
|
||
Assuming an on-time liftoff, the mission is scheduled to
|
||
end Jan. 29 with a landing at 7:05 a.m. PST at Edwards Air
|
||
Force Base, Calif.
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
|
||
* =START= XMT: 10:59 Thu Jan 16 EXP: 11:00 Sun Jan 19
|
||
|
||
DISCOVERY OF NEW PLANET IN JULY WAS A MISTAKE, ENGLISH
|
||
PROFESSOR ADMITS
|
||
|
||
LONDON (JAN. 16) DPA - The first reported discovery of a
|
||
planet outside the Earth's solar system was a mistake,
|
||
Professor Andrew Lyne of Manchester University admitted in
|
||
the latest issue of the British magazine Nature.
|
||
|
||
Lyne's team of astronomers reached their erroneous
|
||
conclusion last July after forgetting to include
|
||
irregularities in the Earth's orbit in their calculations.
|
||
|
||
The conclusions drawn from the radio impulses emmited by a
|
||
neutron star that proved the existence of a planet ten
|
||
times the size of Earth were fundamentally wrong, he said.
|
||
|
||
Last week American astronomers reported the discovery of
|
||
two planets outside the Earth's solar system.
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 31 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
* =START= XMT: 14:22 Tue Jan 14 EXP: 14:00 Fri Jan 17
|
||
|
||
TRW-BUILT NASA'S COMPTON OBSERVATORY FINDS THREE NEW GAMMA
|
||
RAY QUASARS
|
||
|
||
ATLANTA (JAN. 14) BUSINESS WIRE - NASA's Compton Gamma Ray
|
||
Observatory, built by TRW, has found three new gamma ray
|
||
quasars that are approximately 10 to 20 million light years
|
||
from Earth, a scientist reported during a news conference
|
||
at the American Astronomical Society (AAS) meeting in
|
||
Atlanta Tuesday.
|
||
|
||
TRW Space & Technology Group of Redondo Beach, Calif.,
|
||
built the 17-ton Compton Observatory and integrated its
|
||
four scientific instruments under contract to NASA Goddard
|
||
Space Flight Center.
|
||
|
||
Dr. Carl Fichtel, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,
|
||
Greenbelt, Md., co-principal investigator for the Compton
|
||
Observatory's Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope
|
||
(EGRET) instrument told astronomers and reporters meeting
|
||
in Atlanta that his instrument appears to have detected
|
||
''still more distant and very luminous gamma-ray sources,
|
||
even more distant than the massive quasar 3C 279.''
|
||
|
||
The EGRET team reported three sources of intense localized
|
||
gamma radiation, quasars Q0208-512, 4C38.41 and
|
||
PKS0528+134, detected between May 16, 1991, and Sept. 18,
|
||
1991, located in the constellations of Eridanus, Hercules
|
||
and near the Crab Nebula, approximately 10 to 20 billion
|
||
light years from Earth.
|
||
|
||
In addition to the quasar observations, EGRET scientists
|
||
released an image Tuesday of the June 11, 1991 solar flare
|
||
made by the telescope.
|
||
|
||
Dr. Gerald Fishman, principal investigator for the Burst
|
||
and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) reports that his
|
||
team has detected more than 200 cosmic gamma-ray bursts
|
||
since Compton's launch last April. BATSE is designed to
|
||
study the mysterious phenomenon of gamma-ray bursts.
|
||
|
||
BATSE scientists announced last September indications of an
|
||
apparant random distribution of the bursts in the sky.
|
||
More recent observations by the BATSE team have further
|
||
confirmed the earlier observation with almost twice as many
|
||
bursts as the original report.
|
||
|
||
The Compton Observatory is the second of NASA's ''Great
|
||
Observatories.'' The first was the Hubble Space Telescope,
|
||
launched in April 1990. The other is the Advanced X-ray
|
||
Astrophysics Facility (AXAF), expected to launch in 1998.
|
||
|
||
Deployed April 7, 1991 from the Space Shuttle Atlantis,
|
||
Compton Observatory currently orbits Earth at an altitude
|
||
of 268 x 252 statue miles (432 x 422 kilometers).
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 32 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
CONTACT: TRW Space & Technology Group, Redondo Beach
|
||
Montye C. Male, 310/812-4721; Susan Brough, 310/812-5227
|
||
or NASA, Washington, D.C.; Michael Braukus, 202/453-1549
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
|
||
* =START= XMT: 19:57 Wed Jan 15 EXP: 20:00 Sat Jan 18
|
||
|
||
NASA LIFTS SUSPENSION OF ROCKWELL UNIT
|
||
|
||
CEDAR RAPIDS, IA (JAN. 15) BUSINESS WIRE - Rockwell
|
||
International Corp. (NYSE:ROK) Wednesday announced that the
|
||
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has
|
||
lifted its suspension of the corporation's Collins Avionics
|
||
and Communications Division (CACD).
|
||
|
||
The suspension was imposed in November following an
|
||
indictment that alleged the firm and two individuals
|
||
mischarged on NASA work done in 1987 and prior years.
|
||
|
||
NASA's action means that CACD has been found to be a
|
||
presently responsible contractor and may bid on and be
|
||
awarded contracts with the federal government.
|
||
|
||
''We are very pleased with NASA's action,'' said J.D.
|
||
Cosgrove, CACD's president. ''CACD's employees are
|
||
dedicated to serving our customers ethically and consistent
|
||
with the highest standard of business conduct. We believe
|
||
NASA's action reflects confidence in our integrity and we
|
||
remain committed to maintaining that confidence,'' he said.
|
||
|
||
Rockwell International is a multi-industry company applying
|
||
advanced technology to a wide range of products in its
|
||
electronics, aerospace, automotive and graphics businesses.
|
||
|
||
|
||
CONTACT: Rockwell International Corp.
|
||
Collins Avionics and Communications Division, Cedar
|
||
Rapids
|
||
Tom Hobson, 319/395-5777
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
|
||
* =START= XMT: 14:55 Thu Jan 16 EXP: 15:00 Thu Jan 23
|
||
|
||
HUBBLE TELESCOPE TAKES DRAMATIC PICTURE OF TITANIC BLACK
|
||
HOLE, SCIENTISTS SAY
|
||
|
||
(JAN. 16) UPI - The Hubble Space Telescope has taken a
|
||
dramatic picture of what astronomers said Thursday appears
|
||
to be evidence of a titanic black hole pulling in stars and
|
||
spewing out torrents of radiation and hot gas in the heart
|
||
of a distant galaxy.
|
||
|
||
If spectroscopic data later confirms theoretical
|
||
predictions, astronomers finally may be able to confirm the
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 33 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
existence of black holes, the bizarre remnants of super
|
||
massive stars with gravity so intense not even light can
|
||
escape.
|
||
|
||
The Hubble photograph clearly shows a pronounced
|
||
condensation of stars and a brilliant point-like source of
|
||
light at the very center of a galaxy known as M-87, 52
|
||
million light years from Earth. A light year is the
|
||
distance light, traveling 186,000 miles per second, covers
|
||
in one year.
|
||
|
||
The picture almost exactly matches theoretical predictions
|
||
of what one could expect if a black hole with 2.6 billion
|
||
times the mass of the sun lurked at the center of the
|
||
galaxy.
|
||
|
||
While the black hole itself would be invisible, radiation
|
||
produced as dust and debris were sucked inward would result
|
||
in a brilliant beacon like that seen in the picture.
|
||
|
||
The color photograph from NASA's $1.5 billion Hubble Space
|
||
Telescope ''is the highest resolution image ever taken of
|
||
this galaxy,'' said Tod Lauer, one of the astronomers who
|
||
made the discovery.
|
||
|
||
''The thing we find is that the stars are packed very, very
|
||
densely in the center of this galaxy,'' he said in an
|
||
interview. ''Those are all sharply concentrated toward the
|
||
center and the question is, what does this kind of thing?
|
||
And a massive black hole would do that.''
|
||
|
||
The photograph, and another taken in ultraviolet light,
|
||
were released Thursday at a meeting of the American
|
||
Astronomical Society in Atlanta.
|
||
|
||
Black holes are thought to be the end result of a
|
||
particularly violent line of stellar evolution.
|
||
|
||
When stars exhaust their nuclear fuel, they can no longer
|
||
produce the outward energy needed to offset the inward pull
|
||
of gravity. If a star is massive enough, it can suddenly
|
||
collapse on itself and explode in what is known as
|
||
supernovae.
|
||
|
||
Depending on the original mass, the collapsing core can
|
||
become a neutron star, that is, a star in which
|
||
gravitational collapse has crushed atomic particles
|
||
together with such force that only uncharged neutrons
|
||
survive in an ultra-dense sphere as small as 10 to 12 miles
|
||
across. A spinning neutron star is called a pulsar.
|
||
|
||
But current theories hold that if the mass of the doomed
|
||
sun is great enough to begin with, gravitational collapse
|
||
can proceed beyond the neutron star stage, producing a
|
||
''black hole'' with such intense gravity not even light can
|
||
escape.
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 34 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
Because of its titanic gravity, a black hole would suck in
|
||
dust and debris, creating an ''accretion disk'' of material
|
||
around it. As that material is accelerated toward the black
|
||
hole and subjected to the effects of powerful magnetic
|
||
fields, it can give off torrents of radiation.
|
||
|
||
A super massive black hole at the center of a galaxy also
|
||
would be expected to pull stars into a tightly concentrated
|
||
core and to give off intense radiation. And that is
|
||
precisely what the Hubble Space Telescope picture appears
|
||
to show at the heart of M-87.
|
||
|
||
''I would call it tantalizing,'' Lauer said. ''I was really
|
||
excited to get this because it looked just like the
|
||
predictions, it looked dead on like the predictions.''
|
||
|
||
M-87, a galaxy in the constellation Virgo containing more
|
||
than 100 billion stars, has long fascinated astronomers
|
||
because it has a tremendous jet of hot gas extending away
|
||
from the core into space. Lauer said the jet likely is made
|
||
up of gas particles that were accelerated toward the black
|
||
hole and then shot outward due to electrical and magnetic
|
||
effects.
|
||
|
||
So just what does the Hubble picture show to the trained
|
||
eye?
|
||
|
||
''You're looking right down the throat of this swirling
|
||
accretion disk, that is, there's gas swirling around that's
|
||
falling into the black hole,'' Lauer said.
|
||
|
||
More important, however, is the appearance of the stars at
|
||
the core of M-87.
|
||
|
||
''If you put a lot of mass at the center (of the galaxy),
|
||
it's going to cause it to collapse,'' Lauer said. ''Picture
|
||
putting a magnet near iron filings, it all kind of clumps
|
||
inward. And so the whole center of the galaxy is drawn
|
||
in.''
|
||
|
||
Instead of looking at what appears to be light from an
|
||
accretion disk, ''Look at the stars and see how they just
|
||
go from black and it just gets brighter and brighter right
|
||
before the sharp bright thing,'' he said. ''That's what
|
||
theory says a black hole does.''
|
||
|
||
Final proof could come later this year based on
|
||
spectroscopic data from Hubble that should allow
|
||
astronomers to measure the velocities of the M-87 core
|
||
stars. If the velocities match what theory predicts,
|
||
scientists will finally have hard evidence of the existence
|
||
of black holes.
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
|
||
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 35 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
* =START= XMT: 11:22 Tue Jan 21 EXP: 11:00 Fri Jan 24
|
||
|
||
ALLIED-SIGNAL INC. AWARDED $448 MILLION NASA SPACE CENTER
|
||
CONTRACT EXTENSION
|
||
|
||
MORRIS TOWNSHIP, NJ (JAN. 21) BUSINESS WIRE - Allied-Signal
|
||
Inc. said Tuesday it has received a contract valued at
|
||
$447.9 million to continue its service operations at the
|
||
NASA Space Center in Houston through the year 2000.
|
||
|
||
The contract from Rockwell International was awarded to
|
||
Allied-Signal's Bendix Field Engineering unit, which has
|
||
managed the ground support segment of the NASA Space
|
||
Shuttle program in Houston since 1986.
|
||
|
||
Bendix Field Engineering operates and maintains
|
||
communications, display and computing systems to support
|
||
Space Shuttle simulations and tests as well as actual space
|
||
missions. It also assists in training Space Shuttle flight
|
||
crews and ground support personnel.
|
||
|
||
Bendix Field Engineering is a unit of Allied-Signal Inc.,
|
||
an advanced technology company with businesses in
|
||
aerospace, automotive products and engineered materials.
|
||
|
||
CONTACT: Allied-Signal Inc., Morris Township
|
||
J. V. Alexander, 310/512-1656 (in Torrance, Calif.)
|
||
M. J. Ascolese, 201/455-4674
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
|
||
* =START= XMT: 05:05 Thu Jan 23 EXP: 05:00 Fri Jan 24
|
||
|
||
DAYBOOK: TRANSPORTATION DEPARTMENT RADIO TECHNICAL
|
||
COMMISSION FOR AERONAUTICS
|
||
|
||
(JAN. 23) FNS - SUBJECT: Session by Special Committee 170
|
||
on minimum operational
|
||
performance standards for automatic
|
||
dependent surveillance
|
||
-- FR 01-08, p. 743
|
||
|
||
|
||
LOCATION: RTCA Conference Room, 1140 Connecticut
|
||
Ave NW, Suite 1020,
|
||
Washington, DC
|
||
-- January 23
|
||
-- January 24
|
||
|
||
|
||
CONTACT: 202-833-9339
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
|
||
* =START= XMT: 05:29 Thu Jan 23 EXP: 05:00 Fri Jan 24
|
||
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 36 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
DAYBOOK: TRANSPORTATION DEPARTMENT RADIO TECHNICAL
|
||
COMMISSION FOR AERONAUTICS
|
||
|
||
(JAN. 23) FNS - SUBJECT: Session by Special Committee 168
|
||
on lithium batteries
|
||
-- FR 01-08, p. 743
|
||
|
||
|
||
LOCATION: RTCA Conference Room, 1140 Connecticut
|
||
Ave NW, Suite 1020,
|
||
Washington, DC
|
||
-- January 29
|
||
|
||
|
||
CONTACT: 202-833-9339
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
|
||
* =START= XMT: 05:30 Thu Jan 23 EXP: 05:00 Fri Jan 24
|
||
|
||
DAYBOOK: NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
|
||
ADVISORY COUNCIL, SPACE
|
||
|
||
(JAN. 23) FNS - SUBJECT: Agenda includes:
|
||
-- Astrophysics lunar program update
|
||
-- Space exploration initiative
|
||
Ultraviolet/visible and
|
||
gravity physics plans
|
||
-- X-ray timing explorer productivity
|
||
effort
|
||
-- International flight-of-opportunity
|
||
mission
|
||
-- FR 01-21, 0. 2268
|
||
|
||
|
||
LOCATION: NASA, room 226A, 600 Independence Ave,
|
||
Washington, DC
|
||
-- January 30
|
||
|
||
|
||
CONTACT: Lia LaPiana 202-453-1433
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
|
||
* =START= XMT: 15:17 Thu Jan 23 EXP: 15:00 Fri Jan 24
|
||
|
||
DAYBOOK: NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL SPACE STUDIES BOARD
|
||
PUBLIC BRIEFING
|
||
|
||
(JAN. 23) FNS - SUBJECT: Release of report dealing with
|
||
whether it is necessary to
|
||
set specific priorities for space
|
||
research, and the best
|
||
way to make difficult choices between the
|
||
various research
|
||
initiatives.
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 37 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
LOCATION: NAS building, 2100 C Street, NW,
|
||
Washington, DC
|
||
-- January 24
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
PARTICIPANTS: -- Frank Press, president, National
|
||
Academy of Sciences
|
||
-- Rep. George E. Brown, Jr., D-CA,
|
||
chair, U.S. House
|
||
Committee on Space, Science and
|
||
Technology
|
||
-- Louis J. Lanzerotti, Space Studies
|
||
Board Chair; AT&T
|
||
Bell Labs, Murray Hill, N.J.
|
||
-- John A. Dutton, dean, College of Earth
|
||
and Mineral
|
||
Sciences, Pennsylvania State University
|
||
|
||
|
||
CONTACT: Office of News and Public Information
|
||
202-334-2138
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
|
||
* =START= XMT: 15:20 Thu Jan 23 EXP: 15:00 Fri Jan 24
|
||
|
||
DAYBOOK: USIA WORLDNET BROADCAST
|
||
|
||
(JAN. 23) FNS - SUBJECT: Earth Observing System (EOS)
|
||
(Broadcast to Abidjan)
|
||
|
||
|
||
LOCATION: 601 D St NW, Washington DC
|
||
-- January 24
|
||
|
||
|
||
PARTICIPANTS: Jeff Dozier, NASA Project Scientist for
|
||
EOS
|
||
|
||
|
||
CONTACT: 202-501-7218
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
|
||
* =START= XMT: 14:37 Wed Jan 22 EXP: 15:00 Sat Jan 25
|
||
|
||
MD SPACE SYSTEMS CO. ENTERS DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT WITH
|
||
OCEANEERING SPACE
|
||
|
||
HUNTINGTON BEACH, CA (JAN. 22) PR NEWSWIRE - McDonnell
|
||
Douglas Space Systems Co.-Space Station Division
|
||
(MDSSC-SSD) announced an agreement with Oceaneering Space
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 38 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
Systems of Webster, Texas, to jointly pursue development of
|
||
specialized robotic tools for Space Station Freedom.
|
||
|
||
Oceaneering Space Systems is a division of Oceaneering
|
||
International, a subsea services company. Specializing in
|
||
the development of telerobotic systems for maintaining and
|
||
operating subsea oil and gas production systems often 2,000
|
||
to 3,000 feet below the surface, Oceaneering Systems also
|
||
develops specialized tooling for telerobotic systems and
|
||
deep sea divers.
|
||
|
||
"Together we'll be developing robotic-aided maintenance
|
||
equipment for use on Space Station Freedom," said Bob
|
||
Thompson, vice president and general manager of MDSSC-SSD.
|
||
"We have the space experience and Oceaneering has the
|
||
expertise in adapting undersea technology for use in the
|
||
space environment."
|
||
|
||
The agreement formally defines areas for joint endeavors
|
||
which McDonnell Douglas Space Systems and Oceaneering Space
|
||
Systems have been pursuing since the beginning of the Space
|
||
Station Freedom contract award in 1987.
|
||
|
||
CONTACT: Anne C. McCauley or Sheila M. Carter of McDonnell
|
||
Douglas Space Systems, 714-896-6211 or 714-896-1302
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
|
||
* =START= XMT: 18:42 Mon Jan 20 EXP: 19:00 Mon Jan 27
|
||
|
||
PARAMOUNT PICTURES TO LAUNCH NEW "STAR TREK" TV SERIES
|
||
|
||
LOS ANGELES (JAN. 20) UPI - Paramount Pictures announced
|
||
Monday it will launch ''Star Trek: Deep Space Nine''
|
||
television series early next year, a ''Wild West''-style
|
||
version of the durable ''Star Trek'' series.
|
||
|
||
''If, as (the late) Gene Roddenberry often said, 'Star
|
||
Trek' is 'Wagon Train' in space, then 'Deep Space Nine' can
|
||
be compared to a wild west town on the edge of the frontier
|
||
with all the excitement and adventure that kind of locale
|
||
can generate,'' said Michael Piller, who is co-executive
|
||
producer on ''Star Trek: The Next Generation'' and the new
|
||
show.
|
||
|
||
''Star Trek: Deep Space Nine'' will revolve around a new
|
||
cast of Starfleet officers who take command of a remote
|
||
alien space station near a strategically located
|
||
''wormhole,'' or a shortcut through space.
|
||
|
||
Paramount said ''Star Trek: Deep Space Nine'' will begin
|
||
airing next January with a two-hour premiere movie,
|
||
followed by 19 one-hour episodes. Shooting will begin in
|
||
June at Paramount's soundstages in Hollywood.
|
||
|
||
As a result, the new series will air concurrently with
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 39 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
Paramount's ''Star Trek: The Next Generation,'' currently
|
||
in its fifth year and consistently in the top three of
|
||
syndicated television shows. Both series are set in the
|
||
24th century.
|
||
|
||
''Setting 'Star Trek: Deep Space Nine' during the same time
|
||
as 'Star Trek: The Next Generation' will allow an exchange
|
||
of characters and occasional story lines between each
|
||
show,'' said Rick Berman, Piller's co-executive producer.
|
||
|
||
''Star Trek,'' created by Roddenberry, first aired on
|
||
network television in 1966 and lasted three seasons before
|
||
it was canceled by NBC because of low ratings.
|
||
|
||
But the original series attracted a core of loyal fans and
|
||
became a hit in re-runs of its 78 episodes. Not only is the
|
||
original series still being seen on reruns, it has also
|
||
spawned six movies featuring the original cast that have
|
||
grossed nearly half a billion dollars for Paramount.
|
||
|
||
''Star Trek: the Next Generation'' has one year left on its
|
||
contract after it completes the current season. Speculation
|
||
has arisen the characters from that show may then do a
|
||
seventh ''Star Trek'' movie because the stars of the
|
||
previous movies have indicated that the sixth movie -
|
||
''Star Trek: the Undiscovered Country'' would be their
|
||
last.
|
||
|
||
Paramount also announced Monday it would launch an
|
||
18-episode version next year of ''The Untouchables,'' a
|
||
popular TV show in the late 1950s and early 1960s. ''The
|
||
Untouchables'' also became a hit movie in 1987, with Kevin
|
||
Costner, Robert De Niro and Sean Connery, who won the
|
||
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.
|
||
|
||
Kerry McCluggage, president of the Paramount Television
|
||
Group, told a news conference the two properties are
|
||
Paramount's ''crown jewels.'' The studio is planning 26
|
||
episodes of both shows for the fall 1993 season.
|
||
|
||
'''The Untouchables' is one of the best crime-fighting
|
||
franchises that exists, while Star Trek redefined the
|
||
science fiction genre and is arguably the most visionary
|
||
space drama ever conceived,'' McCluggage said.
|
||
|
||
Paramount said XETV in San Diego, KCPO in Seattle and the
|
||
Paramount's stations have committed to carrying one or both
|
||
of the new series. It said the it expects to announce a
|
||
significant number of deals shortly and predicted that it
|
||
would have a high percentage of the nation ''cleared'' for
|
||
both shows.
|
||
|
||
''The Untouchables'' will be set in Chicago in the 1930s
|
||
and its executive producer will be Christopher Crowe, who
|
||
developed and produced ''Alfred Hitchcock Presents'' for
|
||
NBC.
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 40 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
|
||
* =START= XMT: 08:21 Thu Jan 23 EXP: 08:00 Fri Jan 24
|
||
|
||
U.S. SPACE SHUTTLE ASTRONAUTS GEAR UP FOR FULL SLATE OF
|
||
EXPERIMENTS
|
||
|
||
CAPE CANAVERAL FL (JAN. 23) UPI - The shuttle Discovery's
|
||
crew, working around the clock in 12-hour shifts, plowed
|
||
through a full slate of experiments Thursday, taking turns
|
||
in a rotating chair to study how weightlessness triggers
|
||
motion sickness.
|
||
|
||
While his crewmates carried out research in a $1 billion
|
||
Spacelab module mounted in Discovery's cargo bay, shuttle
|
||
co-pilot Stephen Oswald attempted to use a large-format
|
||
IMAX camera to photograph parts of Africa and Europe,
|
||
including shots of Moscow and other points of interest, for
|
||
a movie to be called ''Destiny in Space.''
|
||
|
||
Cloudy weather and other activities on the orbiter combined
|
||
for mixed results.
|
||
|
||
''Pass on our regrets to the IMAX folks but we weren't able
|
||
to get either the England or the Denmark shots for them,
|
||
I'm afraid,'' Oswald radioed at one point.
|
||
|
||
With Discovery sailing through space in tip-top condition,
|
||
other activities Thursday included work with a series of
|
||
materials-processing experiments and medical research to
|
||
study the effects of weightlessness on humans, plants,
|
||
insects and other biological specimens.
|
||
|
||
Astronaut David Hilmers and German physicist Ulf Merbold
|
||
began work Thursday with an experiment that calls for crew
|
||
members to be spun in a specially designed computer-driven
|
||
chair while looking at an imaginary object in the distance.
|
||
The tests are designed to help develop means of countering
|
||
motion sickness on future space flights.
|
||
|
||
Later in the day, the astronauts planned to take turns
|
||
riding a sled on rails down the center aisle of the
|
||
Spacelab module as part of a test to investigate how the
|
||
body interprets messages from the inner ear organs that
|
||
control balance.
|
||
|
||
The seven astronauts during Discovery's seven-day mission
|
||
plan to perform more than 50 experiments developed by some
|
||
200 scientists from six space agencies representing 14
|
||
nations.
|
||
|
||
Because so much is contained in the flight plan, the crew
|
||
is working around the clock. Commander Ronald Grabe, 46,
|
||
Oswald, 40, Norman Thagard, 48, and Canadian neurobiologist
|
||
Roberta Bondar, 46, are on the day or ''blue'' shift as
|
||
Discovery orbits between 186 and 184 miles above the Earth.
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 41 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
William Readdy, 39, Hilmers, 41, and Merbold, 50, comprise
|
||
the night shift, or ''red'' team. One team works while the
|
||
other sleeps in small crew cabin cubicles.
|
||
|
||
As the blue team finished its tasks Wednesday night,
|
||
controllers on the ground expressed satisfaction for how
|
||
smoothly the day had gone.
|
||
|
||
''Thanks a lot, you all have really done an outstanding job
|
||
for us and have a good sleep and we'll talk to you
|
||
tomorrow,'' Roger Crouch at the Marshall Space Flight
|
||
Center in Huntsville, Ala., radioed to Bondar. The center
|
||
is overseeing experiments carried in Spacelab.
|
||
|
||
''Sounds good, Roger, thanks a lot,'' she replied, as
|
||
Thagard added, ''Is that the Roger the Dodger on Com?''
|
||
|
||
''The R.D.,'' Crouch replied.
|
||
|
||
''Well, Roger, if you come down the Spacelab tunnel
|
||
sideways, it looks like an entirely different place,''
|
||
Thagard radioed back.
|
||
|
||
''Well you guys sure do put on a spectacular show, so it
|
||
ought to look like a different place from time to time,''
|
||
Crouch replied.
|
||
|
||
''If you can believe it, they actually pay us to do that
|
||
stuff,'' Thagard said.
|
||
|
||
''Copy that,'' Crouch replied.
|
||
|
||
Activation of the $1 billion European-built laboratory
|
||
proceeded nearly flawlessly.
|
||
|
||
A major objective of the medical research in the
|
||
International Microgravity Laboratory in the Spacelab
|
||
module is to try to help scientists learn what causes space
|
||
sickness, a debilitating nausea that affects about half the
|
||
men and women who fly in space.
|
||
|
||
Payload manager Harry Craft, who is overseeing the research
|
||
from the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala.,
|
||
said Wednesday another goal is to see how radiation affects
|
||
cells in certain organisms as a way of helping improve
|
||
space travel.
|
||
|
||
''We're looking at the radiation effects of living in a
|
||
space environment like that - all of this focused toward
|
||
being able to take this information and apply it to the
|
||
Space Station Freedom activities where man will be living
|
||
in space for long durations,'' he said. ''And then we'll
|
||
take it even a step further then and look at interplanetary
|
||
flight.''
|
||
|
||
Biological specimens in the 23-foot-long Spacelab, which is
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 42 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
mounted in the shuttle's open cargo bay, include fruit
|
||
flies, frog eggs, roundworms, slime mold, brewer's yeast,
|
||
bacteria spores and lentil seedlings.
|
||
|
||
The seven-day mission also is designed to test how crystals
|
||
useful in electronics and infrared detection might be
|
||
produced in space to avoid impurities and other problems
|
||
caused by Earth's gravity.
|
||
|
||
Discovery thundered into orbit Wednesday. The ship is to
|
||
land next Wednesday at Edwards Air Force Base in
|
||
California's high desert.
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
|
||
=START= XMT: 14:17 Thu Jan 23 EXP: 14:00 Fri Jan 24
|
||
|
||
SHUTTLE DISCOVERY CREW BUSY WITH FULL SLATE OF MEDICAL
|
||
EXPERIMENTS
|
||
|
||
CAPE CANAVERAL, FL (JAN. 23) UPI - The Discovery
|
||
astronauts rode a slow- motion space sled, took turns in a
|
||
rotating chair and plowed through a full slate of other
|
||
medical experiments Thursday to learn more about what
|
||
causes unpleasant bouts of ''space sickness.''
|
||
|
||
At least one member of Discovery's six-man, one-woman crew
|
||
may have experienced the very ailment the astronauts have
|
||
been studying since their ground-shaking liftoff Wednesday.
|
||
|
||
Early Thursday, commander Ronald Grabe radioed mission
|
||
control and asked for an unscheduled ''private medical
|
||
conference,'' or PMC. All shuttle missions feature
|
||
regularly scheduled, blacked-out medical conferences to
|
||
give the astronauts a chance to discuss health issues in
|
||
private.
|
||
|
||
''We have some follow-up information relative to the
|
||
discussion we had with (flight surgeon) Larry Pepper
|
||
(Wednesday),'' Grabe radioed.
|
||
|
||
''The surgeon's listening, Ron, go ahead,'' replied
|
||
astronaut James Halsell from the Johnson Space Center in
|
||
Houston.
|
||
|
||
''OK, I'll need you to set up (blacked-out) comm for
|
||
that,'' Grabe said, referring to a private communications
|
||
channel.
|
||
|
||
Halsell responded: ''Understand you want a PMC. We'll set
|
||
that up for you and let you know when we're ready.''
|
||
|
||
About half the men and women who fly in space suffer
|
||
nausea, vomiting and other symptoms as their bodies adapt
|
||
to weightlessness and Discovery's crew is carrying out a
|
||
battery of experiments to learn more about the causes of
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 43 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
the illness.
|
||
|
||
The astronauts showed no obvious signs of sickness in video
|
||
beamed down to Earth Wednesday and Thursday. NASA will not
|
||
discuss crew health issues unless they threaten the success
|
||
of a mission and in this case, that did not appear to be
|
||
the case.
|
||
|
||
Joining Grabe, 46, aboard Discovery are co-pilot Stephen
|
||
Oswald, 40, Norman Thagard, 48, William Readdy, 39, David
|
||
Hilmers, 41, Canadian neurobiologist Roberta Bondar, 46,
|
||
and German physicist Ulf Merbold, 50.
|
||
|
||
Encountering remarkably few problems, the astronauts are
|
||
working in two 12-hour shifts to gather as much data as
|
||
possible during their seven-day flight. Grabe, Oswald,
|
||
Thagard and Bondar are working by day and sleeping by night
|
||
while Hilmers, Readdy and Merbold are pulling an overnight
|
||
shift.
|
||
|
||
Thagard, Hilmers, Bondar and Merbold are responsible for
|
||
the bulk of the experiments packed into a $1 billion
|
||
Spacelab module carried in Discovery's cargo hold. The
|
||
23-foot-long module is connected to the shuttle's crew
|
||
cabin by a 19-foot-long tunnel.
|
||
|
||
The goal of the International Microgravity Laboratory - IML
|
||
- research is to study the effects of weightlessness on
|
||
people, plants, insects and a variety of industrial
|
||
materials.
|
||
|
||
The Spacelab astronauts took turns Thursday strapping into
|
||
a space sled mounted in the center of the laboratory module
|
||
to study how the balance and orientation mechanisms of the
|
||
inner ear respond to changing accelerations. In another
|
||
experiment, they strapped into a rotating chair to study
|
||
how the inner ears and eyes work in space to determine body
|
||
position.
|
||
|
||
The research could help scientists determine what causes
|
||
disorientation and other physiological changes during the
|
||
onset of weightlessness that are thought to contribute to
|
||
space sickness.
|
||
|
||
Hilmers and Merbold also started an experiment to study how
|
||
cartilage forms in weightlessness to help scientists
|
||
understand more about how bones might heal in the absence
|
||
of gravity. An experiment called BONES was activated to
|
||
shed light on how bone tissue is affected.
|
||
|
||
Other experiments underway aboard Spacelab:
|
||
|
||
-FRIEND: Designed to help scientists identify the gene
|
||
responsible for controlling the production of
|
||
oxygen-carrying hemoglobin in cells involved in leukemia.
|
||
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 44 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
-FLY: Research on how weightlessness and space radiation
|
||
affect mutation rates in fruit flies.
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
|
||
* =START= XMT: 17:52 Thu Jan 23 EXP: 18:00 Fri Jan 24
|
||
|
||
SHUTTLE DISCOVERY CREW LEARNING MORE ABOUT WEIGHTLESSNESS,
|
||
"SPACE SICKNESS"
|
||
|
||
CAPE CANAVERAL, FL (JAN. 23) UPI - The Discovery
|
||
astronauts took turns riding a space sled, spun in a
|
||
rotating chair and endured mild shocks Thursday to learn
|
||
more about how weightlessness can trigger unpleasant bouts
|
||
of ''space sickness.''
|
||
|
||
At least one member of Discovery's six-man, one-woman crew
|
||
apparently experienced the very ailment the astronauts have
|
||
been studying since their ground-shaking liftoff Wednesday.
|
||
|
||
Early Thursday, commander Ronald Grabe radioed mission
|
||
control and asked for an unscheduled ''private medical
|
||
conference,'' or PMC. All shuttle missions feature
|
||
regularly scheduled, blacked-out medical conferences to
|
||
give the astronauts a chance to discuss health issues in
|
||
private.
|
||
|
||
''The surgeon's listening, Ron, go ahead,'' astronaut James
|
||
Halsell radioed from the Johnson Space Center in Houston.
|
||
|
||
''OK, I'll need you to set up (blacked-out) comm for
|
||
that,'' Grabe said, referring to a private communications
|
||
channel.
|
||
|
||
Halsell responded: ''Understand you want a PMC. We'll set
|
||
that up for you.''
|
||
|
||
More than half the men and women who fly in space suffer
|
||
nausea, vomiting and other symptoms as their bodies adapt
|
||
to weightlessness and Discovery's crew is carrying out a
|
||
battery of experiments to learn more about the causes of
|
||
the illness.
|
||
|
||
NASA officials will not discuss crew health issues unless
|
||
they threaten the success of a mission and flight director
|
||
Wayne Hale said no such threat existed.
|
||
|
||
''The flight surgeons have told us there are no mission
|
||
impacts from any of those conferences,'' he said.
|
||
''Something like two thirds of all the people who go into
|
||
space the first time have symptoms of space motion sickness
|
||
(and) typically they pass within the first two or three
|
||
days.''
|
||
|
||
Joining Grabe, 46, aboard Discovery are co-pilot Stephen
|
||
Oswald, 40, Norman Thagard, 48, William Readdy, 39, David
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 45 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
Hilmers, 41, Canadian neurobiologist Roberta Bondar, 46,
|
||
and German physicist Ulf Merbold, 50.
|
||
|
||
Back on Earth, scientists said they were thrilled with the
|
||
early success of the 45th shuttle mission.
|
||
|
||
''The crew is doing a marvelous job and the scientists are
|
||
quite enthused about it,'' said mission scientist Robert
|
||
Snyder.
|
||
|
||
The astronauts are working in two 12-hour shifts to gather
|
||
as much data as possible during their seven-day flight.
|
||
Grabe, Oswald, Thagard and Bondar are working by day and
|
||
sleeping by night while Hilmers, Readdy and Merbold are
|
||
pulling an overnight shift.
|
||
|
||
Thagard, Hilmers, Bondar and Merbold are responsible for
|
||
the bulk of the experiments packed into a $1 billion
|
||
Spacelab module carried in Discovery's cargo hold. The
|
||
23-foot-long module is connected to the shuttle's crew
|
||
cabin by a 19-foot-long tunnel.
|
||
|
||
The goal of the International Microgravity Laboratory, or
|
||
IML, research is to study the effects of weightlessness on
|
||
people, plants, insects and a variety of industrial
|
||
materials.
|
||
|
||
The Spacelab astronauts took turns Thursday strapping into
|
||
a space sled mounted in the center of the laboratory module
|
||
to study how the balance and orientation mechanisms of the
|
||
inner ear respond to changing accelerations.
|
||
|
||
Using ear plugs and wearing a blindfold to eliminate visual
|
||
and sound cues, the test subjects glided back and forth
|
||
along two 40-inch-long rails. Electrodes attached to the
|
||
back of each subject's knee applied very mild shocks. The
|
||
response, measured by other electrodes, provides an
|
||
indication of how the gravity sensors in the inner ear
|
||
respond to different accelerations.
|
||
|
||
In another experiment, the crew members strapped into a
|
||
rotating chair to study how the inner ears and eyes work in
|
||
space to determine body position. The chair malfunctioned
|
||
at one point, causing a circuit breaker to pop open, but
|
||
scientists were confident the crew could correct the
|
||
problem.
|
||
|
||
The research could help scientists determine what causes
|
||
disorientation and other physiological changes during the
|
||
onset of weightlessness that are thought to contribute to
|
||
space sickness.
|
||
|
||
Hilmers and Merbold also started an experiment to study how
|
||
cartilage forms in weightlessness to help scientists
|
||
understand more about how bones might heal in the absence
|
||
of gravity. An experiment called BONES was activated to
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 46 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
shed light on how bone tissue is affected.
|
||
|
||
Other experiments underway aboard Spacelab:
|
||
|
||
-FRIEND: Designed to help scientists identify the gene
|
||
responsible for controlling the production of
|
||
oxygen-carrying hemoglobin in cells involved in leukemia.
|
||
|
||
-FLY: Research on how weightlessness and space radiation
|
||
affect mutation rates in fruit flies.
|
||
|
||
-EGGS: An experiment, using frog eggs, to gather data on
|
||
embryo development in the absence of gravity.
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
|
||
* CAPE CANAVERAL FL (JAN. 24) UPI - Working around the clock,
|
||
the Discovery astronauts pressed ahead with a smorgasbord
|
||
of Spacelab experiments Friday, studying the causes of
|
||
space sickness and the strange effects of weightlessness on
|
||
humans, plants, insects and materials.
|
||
|
||
''The crew is doing a marvelous job and the scientists are
|
||
quite enthused about it,'' mission scientist Robert Snyder
|
||
said at a news conference.
|
||
|
||
On board Discovery for the 45th shuttle mission are
|
||
commander Ronald Grabe, 46
|
||
co-pilot Stephen Oswald, 40, Norman Thagard, 48, David
|
||
Hilmers, 41, Canadian neurobiologist Roberta Bondar, 46,
|
||
German physicist Ulf Merbold, 50, and William Readdy, who
|
||
celebrated his 40th birthday Friday.
|
||
|
||
The astronauts are working in two 12-hour shifts to gather
|
||
Press <RETURN> or <S>croll?s
|
||
|
||
as much data as possible during their seven-day flight.
|
||
Grabe, Oswald, Thagard and Bondar are working the day shift
|
||
while Hilmers, Readdy and Merbold are pulling an overnight
|
||
shift.
|
||
|
||
Thagard, Hilmers, Bondar and Merbold are responsible for
|
||
the bulk of the experiments packed into a $1 billion
|
||
Spacelab module carried in Discovery's cargo hold. The
|
||
23-foot-long module is connected to the shuttle's crew
|
||
cabin by a 19-foot-long tunnel.
|
||
|
||
The goal of the International Microgravity Laboratory, or
|
||
IML, research is to study the effects of weightlessness on
|
||
people, plants, fruit flies, other biological subjects and
|
||
a variety of industrial materials.
|
||
|
||
A major goal of the Spacelab experiments is to learn more
|
||
about the causes of space sickness, an unpleasant
|
||
combination of nausea and vomiting that strikes more than
|
||
half the men and women who fly in space.
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 47 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
At least one member of Discovery's six-man, one-woman crew
|
||
apparently experienced the very ailment the astronauts have
|
||
been studying since their ground-shaking liftoff Wednesday.
|
||
|
||
Grabe radioed mission control Thursday and asked for an
|
||
unscheduled ''private medical conference,'' or PMC. All
|
||
shuttle missions feature regularly scheduled
|
||
blacked-out medical conferences to give the astronauts a
|
||
chance to discuss health issues in private.
|
||
|
||
NASA officials will not discuss crew health issues unless
|
||
they threaten the success of a mission and flight director
|
||
Wayne Hale said no such threat existed.
|
||
|
||
''The flight surgeons have told us there are no mission
|
||
impacts from any of those conferences,'' he said.
|
||
''Something like two thirds of all the people who go into
|
||
space the first time have symptoms of space motion sickness
|
||
(and) typically they pass within the first two or three
|
||
days.''
|
||
|
||
The Spacelab astronauts are taking turns strapping into a
|
||
sled mounted in the center of the laboratory module to
|
||
study how the balance and orientation mechanisms of the
|
||
inner ear respond to changing accelerations.
|
||
|
||
Using ear plugs and wearing a blindfold to eliminate visual
|
||
and sound cues, the test subjects glided back and forth
|
||
along two 40-inch-long rails. Electrodes attached to the
|
||
back of each subject's knee applied very mild shocks. The
|
||
response, measured by other electrodes, provides an
|
||
indication of how the gravity sensors in the inner ear
|
||
respond to different accelerations.
|
||
|
||
In another experiment, the crew members strapped into a
|
||
balky rotating chair to study how the inner ears and eyes
|
||
work in space to determine body position. The research
|
||
could help scientists determine what causes disorientation
|
||
and other physiological changes during the onset of
|
||
weightlessness that are thought to contribute to space
|
||
sickness.
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
|
||
* =START= XMT: 14:44 Fri Jan 24 EXP: 15:00 Sat Jan 25
|
||
|
||
DISCOVERY CREW MEMBERS BUSY WITH SPACE RESEARCH, PLAN TO
|
||
CHAT WITH PRES. BUSH
|
||
|
||
CAPE CANAVERAL, FL (JAN. 24) UPI - The Discovery astronauts
|
||
grew ultra-pure space crystals Friday that could lead to
|
||
improved telescopes and spy satellites, turned to vise
|
||
grips to flush the shuttle's high-tech toilet and cleared
|
||
the decks for an afternoon chat with President Bush.
|
||
|
||
The president, scheduled to call the crew from Washington,
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 48 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
''is very interested in your mission,'' flight controllers
|
||
said in a morning message to the astronauts. ''For the
|
||
benefit of your audience, please introduce each crew
|
||
member. Also, comb your hair and smile.''
|
||
|
||
Working around the clock, Discovery's six-man, one-woman
|
||
crew sailed into their third day in orbit Friday, studying
|
||
how the absence of gravity affects humans, plants, insects
|
||
and exotic materials with a variety of industrial
|
||
applications.
|
||
|
||
On board are commander Ronald Grabe, 46; co-pilot Stephen
|
||
Oswald, 40; Norman Thagard, 48; David Hilmers, 41; Canadian
|
||
neurologist Roberta Bondar, 46; German physicist Ulf
|
||
Merbold, 50; and William Readdy, who celebrated his 40th
|
||
birthday Friday by spotting the Russian space station Mir
|
||
as it zoomed past a scant 45 miles away.
|
||
|
||
''The sun glint off of the Mir is almost like somebody put
|
||
a strobe light on an airplane. It's about the size of
|
||
Mercury when you can see that when the sun goes down,''
|
||
Readdy said.
|
||
|
||
To gather as much science data as possible, the astronauts
|
||
are working in two 12-hour shifts. Grabe, Oswald, Thagard
|
||
and Bondar are working the day shift while Hilmers, Readdy
|
||
and Merbold are pulling an overnight shift.
|
||
|
||
In keeping with the international flavor of the 45th
|
||
shuttle mission, German Chancellor Helmut Kohl and Canadian
|
||
Prime Minister Brian Mulroney plan to call the astronauts
|
||
Monday and Tuesday.
|
||
|
||
The goal of the year's first shuttle mission is to learn
|
||
more counteract - the effects of weightlessness. But Friday
|
||
afternoon, Grabe and Oswald were forced to focus on a more
|
||
mundane task: fixing the flusher of their zero-gravity
|
||
space toilet.
|
||
|
||
''The mode control lever will pull up, but it feels like
|
||
there's no linkage attached to it and it will not slide
|
||
forward,'' Grabe radioed mission control in Houston.
|
||
|
||
''OK, Ron, we copy that. We're looking at an IFM (in-flight
|
||
maintenance procedure) that may allow us to control the
|
||
linkage from underneath,'' said Peter Wisoff at the Johnson
|
||
Space Center. ''We'll get words to you.''
|
||
|
||
''OK, we anxiously await,'' Grabe replied.
|
||
|
||
After the repair procedure was faxed up to Discovery,
|
||
Oswald reported he had no luck, saying ''we're back to
|
||
where we were and I see that you want us to just operate
|
||
that control linkage with the vise grips'' when flushing is
|
||
required.
|
||
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 49 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
''Affirmative,'' Wisoff required. Meanwhile, the science
|
||
continued.
|
||
|
||
Thagard, Hilmers, Bondar and Merbold are responsible for
|
||
the bulk of the experiments packed into a $1 billion
|
||
Spacelab module carried in Discovery's cargo hold. The
|
||
23-foot-long module is connected to the shuttle's crew
|
||
cabin by a 19-foot-long tunnel.
|
||
|
||
The goal of the International Microgravity Laboratory, or
|
||
IML, research is to study the effects of weightlessness on
|
||
people, plants, fruit flies, other biological subjects and
|
||
a variety of industrial materials.
|
||
|
||
Early Friday, the astronauts concentrated on materials
|
||
science research, activating one experiment to grow
|
||
triglycine sulfate crystals and another to grow crystals of
|
||
mercury iodide. The latter experiment did not work as
|
||
expected, prompting the astronauts to make changes in their
|
||
procedure to eliminate small growths on the face of the
|
||
main crystal.
|
||
|
||
Mercury iodide crystals can be used to detect high energy
|
||
X-rays and gamma rays while triglycine sulfate crystals can
|
||
detect low-energy infrared radiation. What makes these
|
||
materials so potentially useful is they can do so at room
|
||
temperatures.
|
||
|
||
Current infrared detectors, for example, must be chilled to
|
||
extremely low temperatures to be effective, which adds to
|
||
the cost and complexity of such systems.
|
||
|
||
On Earth, gravitational effects prevent scientists from
|
||
growing room temperature detector crystals large enough to
|
||
be useful. But in space, those effects are absent.
|
||
|
||
If scientists can learn to grow ultra-pure crystals of
|
||
mercury iodide and triglycine sulfate, engineers may be
|
||
able to build cheaper, more efficient detectors for use in
|
||
spy satellites, space telescopes, hand- held detectors for
|
||
monitoring nuclear plants and medical diagnostic devices.
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
|
||
* =START= XMT: 19:26 Fri Jan 24 EXP: 19:00 Sat Jan 25
|
||
|
||
PRES. BUSH TALKS WITH SHUTTLE ASTRONAUTS, CALLS FOR
|
||
INCREASED SPACE FUNDING
|
||
|
||
WASHINGTON (JAN. 24) UPI - President Bush chatted Friday
|
||
with America's astronauts - past, present and possibly
|
||
future - and announced he wants to increase the nation's
|
||
quest for space exploration.
|
||
|
||
Bush said he will soon propose establishment of a new
|
||
office of space exploration, which will be led by NASA and
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 50 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
include input from the Defense and Energy Departments and
|
||
other federal agencies.
|
||
|
||
The president also said that when he submits his fiscal
|
||
1993 budget to Congress next week, it will mark for the
|
||
third straight year, ''a real increase in spending in our
|
||
civil space program.''
|
||
|
||
''This includes full funding for Space Station Freedom,
|
||
$2.25 billion, an increase of 11 percent,'' Bush said told
|
||
a White House gathering that included 20 former astronauts
|
||
and members of the Young Astronauts Council, a youth group.
|
||
|
||
Afterward, Bush and some of the young would-be astronauts,
|
||
via a telephone hookup, talked with astronauts aboard
|
||
Discovery as the spaceship circled the Earth.
|
||
|
||
The president, in unveiling his budget plans, said, ''More
|
||
than 23 percent of NASA's programs will increase by 10
|
||
percent over the current year.''
|
||
|
||
''The budget will include a dramatic expansion of two
|
||
exciting programs - $250 million to triple funding for our
|
||
new launch system to develop a new family of rockets for
|
||
the 21st century, and $80 million for the National
|
||
Aerospace Plane
|
||
which may one day enable direct flights from Earth to
|
||
orbit,'' he said.
|
||
|
||
Bush said, ''I'm asking Americans to make a farsighted
|
||
commitment, one that looks dozens of years and millions of
|
||
miles beyond the recession and other things that tend to
|
||
occupy us today.''
|
||
|
||
=END=
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
OO 2-03 Page 51 8 Feb 1992
|
||
|
||
|
||
=================================================================
|
||
COLUMNS
|
||
=================================================================
|
||
|
||
|
||
Jacurutu Lincolnton, N.C. 1-704-732-1852
|
||
Twilight Zone Auburndale, W.I. 1-715-652-2758
|
||
Don's House Poway, C.A. 1-619-530-0613
|
||
Alternatives Baton Rouge, L.A. 1-504-926-7903
|
||
Pegasus Woodridge, C.O. 1-719-687-8319
|
||
ABySS Washington, D.C. 1-703-823-6591
|
||
Purgatory Salem, O.R. 1-503-370-9739
|
||
Frontier Cullman, A.L. 1-205-739-1469
|
||
**********************************************
|
||
* THE U.F.O. BBS - http://www.ufobbs.com/ufo *
|
||
********************************************** |