152 lines
8.3 KiB
Plaintext
152 lines
8.3 KiB
Plaintext
ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßÛßßßßßÛÛÜ ÜÜßßßßÜÜÜÜ ÜÛÜ ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÜÜÜÜÛßß ßÛÛ
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ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÛ ÜÛÛÛÜÛÛÜÜÜ ßÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÜÜÜÛÛÝ Ûß
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ßßßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ÞÝ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßßÛÜÞÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßßÛÛÛÞß
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Mo.iMP ÜÛÛÜ ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÝ ßÛß
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ß ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ÜÛ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß
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ÜÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÜÜ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÞÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛßß
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ÜÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÛÛÜÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛ ßÛÛÛÛÛ Ü ÛÝÛÛÛÛÛ Ü
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ÜÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ßÛÜ ßÛÛÛÜÜ ÜÜÛÛÛß ÞÛ ÞÛÛÛÝ ÜÜÛÛ
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ÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÜ ßßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÜÜÜß ÛÛÛÛÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÛÛÛÛÛß
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ßÛÜ ÜÛÛÛß ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßßÜÜ ßßÜÛÛßß ßÛÛÜ ßßßÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßß
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ßßßßß ßßÛÛß ßßßßß ßßßßßßßßßßßßß
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ARRoGANT CoURiERS WiTH ESSaYS
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Grade Level: Type of Work Subject/Topic is on:
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[x]6-8 [ ]Class Notes [Malcolm X And Martin ]
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[ ]9-10 [ ]Cliff Notes [Luther King -- Their ]
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[ ]11-12 [x]Essay/Report [Different Opinions for ]
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[ ]College [ ]Misc [Ending the Violence. ]
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Dizzed: 06/94 # of Words:1141 School:All Girls/Priv State:NY
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ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>Chop Here>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
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Two Views - One Cause
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Many black authors and leaders of the sixties shared similar feelings
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towards the white run American society in which they lived. Malcolm X,
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James Baldwin, Martin Luther King, and Stokely Carmichael all blamed the
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whites for the racism which existed. However, they agreed that it was up
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to the black society to end this problem. Using the black society, each of
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the authors had their own idea of how racism could be stopped.
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Unfortunately, for some, such as Malcolm X, this involved the use of
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violence, while others, such as King, favored the non-violent approach.
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This paper will focus, for the most part, on Malcolm X and King because
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they are both strong representations of two different approaches to a
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common goal. Perhaps their different approaches of violence and
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nonviolence stem from their original opinions of how capable the whites are
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of being "good".
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Not all of the whites involved in the problem of racism supported it.
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Some were actually trying to help fight for the blacks. Unfortunately, it
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took Malcolm X a long time to figure that out. Malcolm's paper, "The
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Ballot or the Bullet," makes that clear. In his paper, he is constantly
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criticizing whites as a whole. He does not consider, even for a moment,
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that a white could actually support equality for all men. "Usually, it's
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the white man who grins at you the most, and pats you on the back, and is
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supposed to be your friend. He may be friendly, but he's not your friend"
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(261).
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However, in a later work of his, "1965," one can see that Malcolm was
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learning to accept whites as possible allies.
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I tried in every speech I made to clarify my new position
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regarding white people - 'I don't speak against the sincere, well
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meaning, good white people. I have learned that there are some.
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I have learned that not all white people are racists' (367).
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Yet, while Malcolm learned over a period of time that not all whites
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are evil, King entered the scene already fully aware that "good" whites
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existed. In fact, where Malcolm underestimated the goodness in whites,
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King seems to have overestimated it. He talks about his overestimating of
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goodness in "Letter from Birmingham Jail." "I guess I should have realized
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that few members of a race that has oppressed another race can
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understand...the deep groans and passionate yearnings of those that have
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been oppressed" (244). Yet, even after he found that he did not receive as
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much white support as he had hoped for, King never lost faith in the white
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community.
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Altogether, these views of white society as expressed by Malcolm and
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King are reflected in their methods of fighting racism. Malcolm, who
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supported the use of violence to achieve equality, most likely reached the
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conclusion that this was the only way to fight the whites based on his
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original view of them as heartless and uncaring. One place in Malcolm's
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"Ballot or Bullet," where his categorizing of whites with violence and
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cruelty can be found, is during a passage in which he compares the white
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man with a Guerrilla warrior. "You've got to have a heart to be a
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Guerrilla warrior, and he (the white man) hasn't got any heart" (267).
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Malcolm sees the whites as a violent group. He most likely came to his
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theory, that nothing important could be accomplished without violence,
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through the reasoning that only violence can be used to stop a violent
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group. Violent people would not understand the use of peaceful means to
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reach an agreement. Therefore, it is not really the violence itself which
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he supports as much as it is the reason for using it. He justifies his use
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of violence by trying to explain that there is no other way to get through
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to the white people.
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In contrast, King sees the whites more as victims of violence than
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creators of violence. He blames the violence, itself, on evil forces. In
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"Pilgrimage to Nonviolence," King calls the problem of racism
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"tension...between the forces of light and the forces of darkness.... We
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are out to defeat injustice and not white persons who may be unjust" (3).
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Therefore, one can see why King rejects the idea of using violence to
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achieve his goals. Only love can defeat evil. "The aftermath of
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nonviolence is the creation of the beloved community, while the aftermath
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of violence is tragic bitterness" (2).
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Aside from their basic methods of achieving their goals, Malcolm X and
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King have also talked about solutions for the racial problem. What could
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put an end to racial prejudices in America? For King, part of the answer
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to this question would include the elimination of "unjust" laws. These are
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laws which the white man expects the black man to follow, without following
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the laws himself. Everyone should be required to follow the same set of
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rules. These rules should also be consistent with the "moral" law. Laws
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should not be intended to hurt someone or degrade them (Letter from Birm.
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239).
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Malcolm X answers this question a little more concretely. In "1965,"
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he suggests that whites, who wish to help, should work with other whites to
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change the beliefs of the white system as a whole. They should teach
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friends, family, and any one else they know about nonviolence. Supportive
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whites should work together to change America's racist view of blacks in
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the society (376-377). Likewise, he expects the blacks to do the same in
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their communities. In this manner, both sides of the racial problem can be
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dealt with at the same time, making an end to the racial problem more
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acceptable.
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In conclusion, it is obvious that Malcolm X and Martin Luther King
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were fighting for the same cause, racism. Although their views on white
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Americans, which affected their methods of approach, were originally
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different, both activists came to realize that not all whites can be
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classified as good or bad. They began to see that, instead of discouraging
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whites from helping, they could use eager whites to create more of an
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impact within the white communities. This is important because it shows
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that it is possible for whites and blacks to work together for a single
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cause. It leaves hope that maybe one day, all traces of racism can
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disappear and leave behind a united society in which everyone can work
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together for the good of the country.
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WORKS CITED
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King, Martin Luther, Jr. "Letter From Birmingham Jail." The
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Borzoi College Reader, 3rd edition. Ed. Charles
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Muscatine and Marlene Griffith. New York: Alfred A.
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Knopf, 1976.
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------- Pilgrimage to Nonviolence '58. Memeo.
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Malcolm X. The Autobiography of Malcolm X. New York: Grove
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Press, Inc., 1965.
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------- "The Ballot or the Bullet." The Borzoi College
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Reader, 2nd Edition. Ed. Charles Muscatine and Marlene
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Griffith. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1974.
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