116 lines
6.8 KiB
Plaintext
116 lines
6.8 KiB
Plaintext
ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßÛßßßßßÛÛÜ ÜÜßßßßÜÜÜÜ ÜÛÜ ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÜÜÜÜÛßß ßÛÛ
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ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÛ ÜÛÛÛÜÛÛÜÜÜ ßÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÜÜÜÛÛÝ Ûß
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ßßßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ÞÝ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßßÛÜÞÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßßÛÛÛÞß
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Mo.iMP ÜÛÛÜ ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÝ ßÛß
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ß ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ÜÛ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß
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ÜÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÜÜ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÞÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛßß
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ÜÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÛÛÜÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛ ßÛÛÛÛÛ Ü ÛÝÛÛÛÛÛ Ü
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ÜÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ßÛÜ ßÛÛÛÜÜ ÜÜÛÛÛß ÞÛ ÞÛÛÛÝ ÜÜÛÛ
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ÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÜ ßßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÜÜÜß ÛÛÛÛÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÛÛÛÛÛß
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ßÛÜ ÜÛÛÛß ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßßÜÜ ßßÜÛÛßß ßÛÛÜ ßßßÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßß
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ßßßßß ßßÛÛß ßßßßß ßßßßßßßßßßßßß
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ARRoGANT CoURiERS WiTH ESSaYS
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Grade Level: Type of Work Subject/Topic is on:
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[ ]6-8 [ ]Class Notes [Reattaching Fingers ]
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[x]9-10 [ ]Cliff Notes [ ]
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[ ]11-12 [x]Essay/Report [ ]
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[ ]College [ ]Misc [ ]
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Dizzed: o4/95 # of Words:895 School: ? State: ?
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ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>Chop Here>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
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============================================================
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Medicine: "Microsurgery: Sew Small" Uploaded: March 1, 1987
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------------------------------------------------------------
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A man came into the emergency ward at one o'clock.
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His thumb came in an hour later.
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The surgeon's job: get them back together.
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The successful re-attaching of fingers to hand requires long hours of
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painstaking work in microsurgery. In the operating room , the surgeon
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doesn't stand, but sits in a chair that supports her body. Her arm is
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cradled by a pillow. Scalpels are present as are other standard surgical
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tools, but the suture threads are almost invisible, the needle thinner than
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a human hair. And all the surgical activity revolves around the most
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important instument, the microscope.
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The surgeon will spend the next few hours looking through the
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microscope at broken blood vessels and nerves and sewing them back together
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again. The needles are so thin that they have to be held with needlenosed
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jeweller's forceps and will sew together nerves that are as wide as the
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thickness of a penny. To make such a stitch, the surgeon's hands will move
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no more than the width of the folded side of a piece of paper seen end on!
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Imagine trying to sew two pieces of spaghetti together and you'll have
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some idea of what microsurgery involves.
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Twenty-five years ago, this man's thumb would have been lost. But in
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the 1960s, surgeon's began using microscopes to sew what previously had
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been almost invisible blood vessels and nerves in limbs. Their sewing
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technique had been developed on large blood vessels over a half century
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earlier but could not be used in microsurgery until the needles and sutures
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became small enough. The surgical technique, still widely used today, had
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taken the frustrating unreliability out of sewing slippery, round-ended
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blood vessels by ingeniously turning them into triangles. To do this, a cut
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end of a blood vessel was stitched at three equidistant points and pulled
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slightly apart to give an anchored, triangular shape. This now lent itself
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to easier, more dependable stitching and paved the way for microsurgery
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where as many as twenty stitches will have to be made in a blood vessel
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three millimetres thick. The needle used for this can be just 70
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millimetres wide, only ten times the width of a human blood cell.
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All this technology is focused on getting body parts back together
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again successfully. The more blood vessels reattached, the better the
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survival chances for a toe or a finger. The finer the nerve resection, the
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better the feeling in a damaged part of the face, or control in a
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previously useless arm. But the wounded and severed body part must be
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treated carefully. If a small part of the body, such as a finger is cut
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off, instead of torn, wrapped in a clean covering, put on ice and then
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reattached within a few hours, the chance of success is over ninety
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percent, as long as one good artery and one good vein can be reattached.
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Not only is micro surgery allowing body parts to be reattached, it's
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also allowing them to be reshuffled. Before 1969, nothing could be done for
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you if you'd had your thumb smashed beyond repair. But in the past 14
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years, you would have been in luck, if your feet were intact. Every year
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in North America, hundreds of big toes are removed from feet and grafted
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onto hands. Sometimes tendons are shifted from less important neighbouring
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fingers to allow the thumb to work better in its unique role of opposing
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the other fingers and allowing us to grip.
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While we in North America can live without our big toes and never
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really miss them, people in Japan can't. They need their big toes to keep
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the common footwear, the clog, on their feet. So their second toe is taken
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instead.
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Farmers, labourers car accident victims and home handymen are the
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people most often helped by microsurgery replants. And because blood
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vessels are being reattached, burn victims can now benefit. Flaps of their
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healthy skin are laboriously reattached more successfully, blood vessel by
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blood vessel, to increase chances that the graft will take. Some women,
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whose diseased Fallopian tubes have become blocked, can have them reopened
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microsurgically. When a cancerous esophagus must be removed, it can be
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replaced using a section of the person's own bowel. These people can then
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lead a more normal life, using their mouth to eat with instead of inserting
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food though a feeding tube in their stomach.
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Doctors have been able to rebuild an entire lower face by sculpting the
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lower jaw from living hip bone and covering it with the skin from that
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piece of bone. In all, over seventy parts of your body can be used as donor
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backups and recycled into other damaged sites. And because your body won't
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reject your own tissue - a constant hazard in transplants - in this case,
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you are your own best friend.
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In everyday use, however, microsurgery is proving to be a miracle
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worker, large and small. We take for granted, for instance, all the complex
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nerve and muscle control that goes into a simple a gesture as smiling. But
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one young woman couldn't. An accident left her with a face that was damaged
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and unable to smile. Microsurgery reconnected severed nerves, giving
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muscle control back to her face, restoring her looks and giving her
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something to smile about.
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