251 lines
13 KiB
Plaintext
251 lines
13 KiB
Plaintext
ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßÛßßßßßÛÛÜ ÜÜßßßßÜÜÜÜ ÜÛÜ ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÜÜÜÜÛßß ßÛÛ
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ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÛ ÜÛÛÛÜÛÛÜÜÜ ßÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÜÜÜÛÛÝ Ûß
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ßßßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ÞÝ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßßÛÜÞÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßßÛÛÛÞß
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Mo.iMP ÜÛÛÜ ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÝ ßÛß
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ß ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ÜÛ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß
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ÜÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÜÜ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÞÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛßß
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ÜÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÛÛÜÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛ ßÛÛÛÛÛ Ü ÛÝÛÛÛÛÛ Ü
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ÜÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ßÛÜ ßÛÛÛÜÜ ÜÜÛÛÛß ÞÛ ÞÛÛÛÝ ÜÜÛÛ
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ÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÜ ßßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÜÜÜß ÛÛÛÛÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÛÛÛÛÛß
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ßÛÜ ÜÛÛÛß ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßßÜÜ ßßÜÛÛßß ßÛÛÜ ßßßÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßß
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ßßßßß ßßÛÛß ßßßßß ßßßßßßßßßßßßß
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ARRoGANT CoURiERS WiTH ESSaYS
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Grade Level: Type of Work Subject/Topic is on:
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[ ]6-8 [ ]Class Notes [The study of linguistics]
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[ ]9-10 [ ]Cliff Notes [ ]
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[x]11-12 [x]Essay/Report [ ]
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[ ]College [ ]Misc [ ]
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Dizzed: 07/94 # of Words:2156 School:Public State:NY
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ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>Chop Here>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
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THE STUDY OF LINGUISTICS
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Language changes with history and time. Our perception of
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words changes. Everything changes, from cooking with fire to
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cooking with a microwave. Even language changes, examples are
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accents and books, influential people, and historical occurrences.
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Accents shows development of culture over time, maybe over a
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historical occurrence, such as a new country being found, the
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people living there might adopt the culture of the founders.
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Language also changes, from using different sounds in words, which
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are called phonemes.
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The english language has about 43 different phonemes, such as
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OH, EE, etc. which make up our language. Different cultures, such
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as some Indian Tribes, may have more or less phonemes in their
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language, showing either a lower form of language with less words
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and sounds or a higher form with only the necessary sounds and
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words.
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Also the syntax, also known as grammar, have an effect on the
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society. There is no 'proper' way to write a book, for example,
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but just a 'standard' way everyone uses. This may be thought of as
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the 'proper' way but rebels will use no periods and have one long
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paragraph in a 400 page book. Maybe the culture says it is
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mandatory to have everything in one continuous sentence, while
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others more civilized or advanced will follow the rules to the very
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letter.
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Accents also have different languages linked to them.
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Different letters, phrases, and even a whole new language may be
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created in the process of learning the language, over time and a
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metamorphosis to keep up with the changing world.
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Letters are called graphemes, meaning the 26 letters of the
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alphabet, more or less in different languages. In inuit for
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example, every grapheme follows a very obvious pattern of a prefix
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followed by a certain suffix, a combination of vowels and
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consonants. For example, there might be a set of the letters r, t,
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and h, and with the suffixes oo, ot, etc.
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Different symbols can also be associated with different
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cultures. The cross is associated with our religion, although it
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might not be in Tasmania, for example. The newer addition of these
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symbols helps to understand the concept more clearly, as in
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television, which is like a talking and showing book.
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How can language have meaning? Through time it may lose and
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gain new meaning, through historical occurrences, for example.
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During the war, a whole new kind of lingo spread like wildfire
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through the battling nations. The study of how language contains
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meaning is called semantics, and through this we can see what has
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occurred and what will occur, like a time machine right before our
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eyes which we must study to use efficiently.
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The influence of different people has a major effect on our
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lives. Our political system, family, friends, this all may
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adversely affect our lives in ways we might regret. Influential
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people coining words, for example might 'nuke' a country. George
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Bush set a world record by saying the most metaphors in his
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presidential speech after winning. Language might not change
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obviously with historical occurrences, but it does.
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The change is obvious in historical occurrences which affect
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the whole world. The 'meeting' in the Gulf has stirred up an
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entire planet, maybe starting a war which will devastate the earth.
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As gas prices rise, everything needing fuel does. The means of
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communication between two people change, from ignorance to
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shouting, to whispering, to nothing between the two. Our
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perception of the concept must be clear before we can actually
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communicate efficiently, language itself must be understood fully
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for it to be used fully.
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Changing with history and time means a whole new environment
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to live in where we must constantly adapt to our surroundings to
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survive. Car insurance, for example, was considered a luxury 70
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years ago, now it is life and death. The change can be so subtle
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over time that it hits us so hard we do not expect it, with
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horrendous results sometimes the outcome.
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Different cultures have different perceptions of their
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language, the languages of others, their beliefs about God and
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their religion, etc. Communication is better if we know more about
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the second party, the lesser known the better sometimes, as one may
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not want to communicate with a bunch of motorcycle bandits, for
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example.
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Slang may also be considered a different belief, as different
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cultures have different languages, and slang may be the key that
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holds them together as their central language with which to
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communicate. This is not always bad, but sometimes another party
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has no idea of what they are saying, which causes trouble. Slang
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is a direct example of how over time we can 'bind' together and
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create something new, according to our culture and beliefs.
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Our evolution of language from a simple 'ug' to our advanced
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system of grammar has changed the world drastically. Communication
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between countries, people, have had eventually an effect on our
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lives.
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As mentioned earlier, there is no 'proper' way to use
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language. There is a standard way, as slang is a change on the
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standard, like options on a new car. The standards have changed
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over time, and are different from culture to culture as a culture's
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evolution may have played an important part in the culture's
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future.
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The proper ways have been stretched, strung out, and hung to
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dry, in several examples. Slang is a first, while languages
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developed from different languages also is an example. Latin is
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the base of many, many languages, and it is also known if you study
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a language which is very same as one you know, you will learn
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faster. The standard is changed everyday, as we coin and use new
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words.
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Influential people also play a part in our evolution of
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language. The may use one word that is a habit to them, but do
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they know they might make a habit for a million people? ten
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million? The whole world? This is an example in speeches of
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important people, books of all kinds, etc.
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Books also may influence our writing in a myriad of ways. Our
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style, our subjects, our concepts, all may be affected. Not all to
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the worst, not all to the best. Long time authors with many fans
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may be surprised at how their die-hard readers have copied their
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writing style. This also gives people a sense of confidence, as
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they can write with a famous author.
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We lose effectiveness in our everyday use of language. For
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example, it is like walking down a road, with a bag of sand in your
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arms, and the bag has a hole in it. The sand slowly trickles away,
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being replaced by something new. The analogy shows how something
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old in language may be replaced by something new: effectiveness for
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completeness? effectiveness for new standards? This plagues many
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people, as one day their ideas which they so meticulously thought
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out have gone out of style.
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The standards are called Form Classes. Form Classes are parts
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of speech, nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc. The rules are not always
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followed closely, but everything may be categorized into one or two
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form classes.
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Adjectives are minor 'extras' in our language. They enrich
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our language, giving vivid, clear concepts, describing the scene as
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we may not see it. Without them, we still have language, except a
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dead language. No one will use it, and it wills slowly fade away.
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A good example is latin. It is the base to many languages, though
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it is considered 'a dead' language.
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The change over time has made many languages unknown. As with
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latin, there are many so called 'universal' languages, which the
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creator had the intent for it to be learned worldwide and beyond.
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Many of these have never caught on like latin, which died before it
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had a chance to live. Time will strengthen it for its comeback.
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An example of a 'universal' language is Esperanto. This is similar
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to spanish, with no exceptions to the rules. Its syntax is good,
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clear cut and concise. But hardly no one can speak this language,
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except for those who choose to learn it. A familiarity between
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spanish and Esperanto is evident although the creator was polish.
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Perhaps he though the spanish to be a dominant race in the future
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when he created this language? Or did he want the whole world to
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come together as one to cooperate and live freely? The perception
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is different with time and culture, as in the future the spanish
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will dominate the earth and spanish will die, revealing the
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undercoating of another language, another culture?
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People's perception of modern language and the language of old
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is surprising. In a survey, ninety six percent of the people
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thought of old language as words like thou, thee, dost, ye, etc.
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And in the same survey, when an example was given, people followed
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the example, not reading the question fully. I purposely misworded
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the phrase to see what people would write.
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The results are surprising.
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Only TWO people answered the question right. The others wrote
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words with the same meaning. like big-large, etc. like in t he
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example. The reading and the understanding of the question shows
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how people have developed their understanding over time.
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As new concepts are developed, used, and used again, a whole
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new language might be created from it. Names for the new concepts
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are also created, as with robots. Airplanes, cars, and many other
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machines are examples. A second generation from that might
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pronounce things differently, like over here we pronounce 'Levi's'
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LEE-VIES, while in Europe, they pronounce it LEH-VIS. This shows
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a change to adapt to their language, french.
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Language has to expand to take on the new concepts we develop.
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Historical events, such as wars, have a part in uniting two
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cultures or destroying two. They can destroy one, leaving them to
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pick up the pieces and to start over, or bring two together to make
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a whole new language. This is good in a way, but if a culture is
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completely destroyed, can it come back to its previous stature?
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Can it get better?
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Our perception of phrases can be altered too. As our sense of
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humor has developed from medieval England, for example, we develop
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our phrases too. Fred lost a string in the house which was all
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tied up. What do you see? Fred looking for a knotted string? Or
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Fred looking at a knotted house? Our perception of this phrase
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might have been only one, the first one, while today there are
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millions of possibilities. Language in the form of humor, changes
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with time.
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If we were freezed in time right now, and woke up in the year
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2090, we would be surprised and shocked to find ourselves there.
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If we had no way of going home, we wo uld have to stay, and adapt
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to the new cultures. We have not seen what has transpired before
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that, so we do not know what to do. But, if we had stayed in 1990
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and let our evolution take place, we would have seen everything.
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In the future this is like learning a new culture all by itself.
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Language changes with historical occurences and time. Time
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changes it, the influences of people change it, history changes it.
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We all live it, and the change everyday is so subtle we often
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cannot detect it. If we were zapped into the future, we would find
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it foriegn, because we do not know the language and cultures.
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Historical influences can unite two cultures, destroy many, make
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new ones. We all have a different perception of what language is
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and how it changes, and it might change when we share that
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information with others, getting their ideas and using our own.
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Our standards and meanings of words changes too, our sounds and
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syntax expanding for new concepts. New concepts help us to
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understand the world, new concepts are made with time and the need
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for them. Language is a wonderful thing that we all use and change
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ourselves to our own suits and needs.
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