81 lines
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81 lines
5.0 KiB
Plaintext
ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßÛßßßßßÛÛÜ ÜÜßßßßÜÜÜÜ ÜÛÜ ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÜÜÜÜÛßß ßÛÛ
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ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÛ ÜÛÛÛÜÛÛÜÜÜ ßÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÜÜÜÛÛÝ Ûß
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ßßßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ÞÝ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßßÛÜÞÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßßÛÛÛÞß
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Mo.iMP ÜÛÛÜ ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÝ ßÛß
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ß ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ÜÛ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß
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ÜÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÜÜ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÞÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛßß
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ÜÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÛÛÜÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛ ßÛÛÛÛÛ Ü ÛÝÛÛÛÛÛ Ü
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ÜÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ßÛÜ ßÛÛÛÜÜ ÜÜÛÛÛß ÞÛ ÞÛÛÛÝ ÜÜÛÛ
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ÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÜ ßßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÜÜÜß ÛÛÛÛÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÛÛÛÛÛß
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ßÛÜ ÜÛÛÛß ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßßÜÜ ßßÜÛÛßß ßÛÛÜ ßßßÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßß
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ßßßßß ßßÛÛß ßßßßß ßßßßßßßßßßßßß
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ARRoGANT CoURiERS WiTH ESSaYS
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Grade Level: Type of Work Subject/Topic is on:
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[x]6-8 [ ]Class Notes [Report on the Iran- ]
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[ ]9-10 [ ]Cliff Notes [Contra Affair ]
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[ ]11-12 [x]Essay/Report [ ]
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[ ]College [ ]Misc [ ]
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Dizzed: 06/94 # of Words:683 School:Coed Private State:Ny
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ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>Chop Here>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
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IRAN-CONTRA AFFAIR
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The tangled U.S. foreign-policy scandal known as the Iran-contra
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affair came to light in November 1986 when President Ronald Reagan said yes
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to reports that the United States had secretly sold arms to Iran. He said
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that the goal was to improve relations with Iran, not to get releases of
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U.S. hostages held in the Middle East by terrorists (although he later
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agreed that the arrangement had in fact turned into an arms-for-hostages
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swap). People spoke out against dealings with the hostile Iranian
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government all over the place. Later in November, Att. Gen. Edwin Meese
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discovered that some of the arms profits had been used to aid the
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Nicaraguan "contra" rebels at a time when Congress had prohibited such aid.
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An Independent special prosecutor, former federal judge Lawrence E. Walsh,
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wa appointed to investigate the activities of persons involved in the arms
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sale or contra aid or both, including marine Lt. Col. Oliver North of the
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National Security Council (NSC) staff.
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Reagan appointed a review board headed by former Republican senator
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John Tower. The Tower commission's report in February 1987 criticized the
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president's passive management style. In a nationaly televised address on
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March 4, Reagan accepted the reports judgement without serious
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disagreement.
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Select committees of the Senate (11 members chaired by Democrat
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Daniel K. Inouye of Hawaii) and the house of representatives (15 members,
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headed by another Democrat, Lee Hamilton of Indiana) conducted televised
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hearings in partnership from May to August. They heard evidence that a few
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members of the NSC staff set Iran and Nicaragua policies and carried them
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out with secret private operatives and that the contras received only a
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small part of the money. Former national security advisor John Poindexter
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stated that he personally authorized the diversion of money and withheld
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that information from the president. William J. Casey, the director of the
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Central Intelligence Agency, who died in May 1989, was implicated in some
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testimony. His testomony still remained in doubt. Clearly however, the
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strange events shook the nation's faith in President Reagan and ruined U.
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S. prestige abroad. Special prosecutor Walsh continued his investigation.
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On March 11, 1988 Poindexter's forerunner as national security advisor
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Robert McFarlane pleaded guilty to criminal charges of witholding
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information from Congress on secret aid to the contras. A year later,
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Peter McFariane was fined $20,000 and given two years probation. On March
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16, 1988, a federal grand jury indicted North, Poindexter, and two other
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persons on a number of charges including conspiracy to defraud the U.S.
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government. The trials were delayed by legal maneuvering that in part
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involved questions of releasing secret information. In May 1989 a jury
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convicted North of 3 of the 12 criminal counts he was ultimately tried on.
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In July the court fined North 150,000 and gave him a three- year suspended
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sentence.
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The North convictions were later set aside by a federal appeals court,
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which found defects in the trial procedure. On April 7, 1990, Poindexter
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was convicted on 5 counts of deceiving congressional investigators and
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sentenced to six months in prison. In July 1991, Alan D. Fiers, Jr., CIA
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chief of covert operations in Central America in 1984-86, admitted that he
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had lied to Congress and that there had been a CIA Iran-contra cover up.
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Shortly after, his CIA superior Clair E. George was indicted.
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