113 lines
6.7 KiB
Plaintext
113 lines
6.7 KiB
Plaintext
ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßÛßßßßßÛÛÜ ÜÜßßßßÜÜÜÜ ÜÛÜ ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÜÜÜÜÛßß ßÛÛ
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ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÛ ÜÛÛÛÜÛÛÜÜÜ ßÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÜÜÜÛÛÝ Ûß
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ßßßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ÞÝ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßßÛÜÞÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßßÛÛÛÞß
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Mo.iMP ÜÛÛÜ ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÝ ßÛß
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ß ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ÜÛ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß
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ÜÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÜÜ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÞÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛßß
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ÜÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÛÛÜÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛ ßÛÛÛÛÛ Ü ÛÝÛÛÛÛÛ Ü
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ÜÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ßÛÜ ßÛÛÛÜÜ ÜÜÛÛÛß ÞÛ ÞÛÛÛÝ ÜÜÛÛ
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ÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÜ ßßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÜÜÜß ÛÛÛÛÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÛÛÛÛÛß
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ßÛÜ ÜÛÛÛß ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßßÜÜ ßßÜÛÛßß ßÛÛÜ ßßßÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßß
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ßßßßß ßßÛÛß ßßßßß ßßßßßßßßßßßßß
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ARRoGANT CoURiERS WiTH ESSaYS
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Grade Level: Type of Work Subject/Topic is on:
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[ ]6-8 [ ]Class Notes [What is an Angina and ]
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[x]9-10 [ ]Cliff Notes [what is the cure. ]
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[ ]11-12 [x]Essay/Report [ ]
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[ ]College [ ]Misc [ ]
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Date: 06/94 # of Words:396 School: ? State: ?
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ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>Chop Here>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
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QUESTION: What is Angina? And what is the cure?
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================================
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RESPONSE:
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Angina refers to the pain arising from lack of adequate blood supply to
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the heart muscle. Typically, it is a crushing pain behind the breastbone
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in the center of the chest, brought on by exertion and relieved by rest.
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It may at times radiate to or arise in the left arm, neck, jaw, left chest,
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or back. It is frequently accompanied by sweating, palpitations of the
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heart, and generally lasts a matter of minutes. Similar pain syndromes may
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be caused by other diseases, including esophagitis, gall bladder disease,
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ulcers, and others.
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Diagnosis of angina begins with the recognition of the consistent
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symptoms. Often an exercise test with radioactive thallium is performed if
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the diagnosis is in question, and sometimes even a cardiac catheterization
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is done if the outcome is felt necessary to make management decisions.
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This is a complex area which requires careful judgment by physician and
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patient.
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Angina is a manifestation of coronary artery disease, the same disease
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leading to heart attacks. Coronary artery diseas refers to those syndromes
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caused by blockage to the flow of blood in those arteries supplying the
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heart muscle itself, i.e., the coronary arteries. Like any other organ, the
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heart requires a steady flow of oxygen and nutrients to provide energy for
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rmovement, and to maintain the delicate balance of chemicals which allow
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for the careful electrical rhythm control of the heart beat. Unlike some
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other organs, the heart can survive only a matter of minutes without these
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nutrients, and the rest of the body can survive only minutes without the
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heart--thus the critical nature of these syndromes.
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Causes of blockage range from congenital tissue strands within or over
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the arteries to spasms of the muscular coat of the arteries themselves. By
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far the most common cause, however, is the deposition of plaques of
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cholesterol, platelets and other substances within the arterial walls.
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Sometimes the buildup is very gradual, but in other cases the buildup is
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suddenly increased as a chunk of matter breaks off and suddenly blocks the
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already narrowed opening.
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Certain factors seem to favor the buildup of these plaques. A strong
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family history of heart attacks is a definite risk factor, reflecting some
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metabolic derangement in either cholesterol handling or some other factor.
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Being male, for reasons probably related to the protective effects of some
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female hormones, is also a relative risk. Cigarette smoking and high blood
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pressure are definite risks, both reversible in most cases. Risk also
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increases with age. Elevated blood cholesterol levels (both total and low
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density types) are risks, whereas the high density cholesterol level is a
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risk only if it is reduced. Possible, but less well-defined factors
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include certain intense and hostile or time-pressured personality types
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(so-called type A), inactive lifestyle, and high cholesterol diets.
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Medications are increasingly effective for symptom control, as well as
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prevention of complications. The oldest and most common agents are the
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nitrates, derivatives of nitroglycerine. They include nitroglycerine,
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isosorbide, and similar agents. Newer forms include long acting oral
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agents, plus skin patches which release a small amount through the skin
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into the bloodstream over a full day. They act by reducing the burden of
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blood returning to the heart from the veins and also by dilating the
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coronary arteries themselves. Nitrates are highly effective for relief and
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prevention of angina, and sometimes for limiting the size of a heart
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attack. Used both for treatment of symptoms as well as prevention of
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anticipated symptoms, nitrates are considered by many to be the mainstay of
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medical therapy for angina.
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The second group of drugs are called "beta blockers" for their ability
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to block the activity of the beta receptors of the nervous system. These
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receptors cause actions such as blood pressure elevation, rapid heart rate,
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and forceful heart contractions. When these actions are reduced, the heart
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needs less blood, and thus angina may be reduced.
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The newest group of drugs for angina is called the calcium channel
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blockers. Calcium channels refer to the areas of the membranes of heart
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and other cells where calcium flows in and out, reacting with other
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chemicals to modulate the force and rate of contractions. In the heart,
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they can reduce the force and rate of contractions and electrical
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excitability, thereby having a calming effect on the heart. Although their
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final place in heart disease remains to be seen, they promise to play an
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increasingly important role.
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When medications are unsuccessful, or if there is concern about an
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impending or potential heart attack, coronary bypass surgery is highly
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successful in reducing symptoms. Whether or not it prolongs survival is
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questionable for most patients.
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Angina which is new or somehow different from previous episodes in any
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way is termed unstable angina, is a medical emergency, and requires
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urgent attention. Research is active, and careful medical follow-up is
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important.mergency, and requires urgent attention. Research is active, and
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careful medical follow-up is important.
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