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CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 CHANGES BETWEEN V1.0 AND V1.1
1.1 DECnet-DOS and DECnet-Rainbow NFT . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.2 DECnet-DOS and DECnet-Rainbow SETHOST . . . . . . 1-2
1.3 DECnet-DOS and DECnet-Rainbow NDU . . . . . . . . 1-2
1.4 DECnet-DOS and DECnet-Rainbow NTU . . . . . . . . 1-3
1.5 DECnet-DOS and DECnet-Rainbow TFA . . . . . . . . 1-3
1.6 DECnet-DOS and DECnet-Rainbow TTT . . . . . . . . 1-3
1.7 DECnet-DOS and DECnet-Rainbow TNTERR . . . . . . . 1-3
1.8 DECnet-DOS and DECnet-Rainbow DTR/DTS . . . . . . 1-4
1.9 DECnet-DOS and DECnet-Rainbow SPAWNER . . . . . . 1-4
1.10 DECnet-DOS and DECnet-Rainbow MAIL . . . . . . . . 1-4
1.11 DECnet-DOS and DECnet-Rainbow FAL . . . . . . . . 1-4
1.12 DECnet-DOS and DECnet-Rainbow DIP . . . . . . . . 1-5
1.13 Revisions to the DECnet-DOS Programmer's Reference
Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
1.14 DECnet-DOS and DECnet-Rainbow Programming
Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
CHAPTER 2 SOLVING PROBLEMS, RESTRICTIONS, AND HINTS
2.1 Asynchronous Installation Problems . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.2 Asynchronous Performance and Tuning . . . . . . . 2-6
2.3 Asynchronous Configuration Problems . . . . . . . 2-7
2.4 Ethernet Performance and Tuning . . . . . . . . . 2-8
2.5 Ethernet Configuration Problems . . . . . . . . 2-10
2.6 General Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
2.6.1 Problems with Rainbow Only . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
2.6.2 Problems with IBM PCs Only . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
2.7 NFT - Network File Transfer . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
2.8 Error Messages and Warnings . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
2.8.1 Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
2.8.2 Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
2.9 SETHOST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18
2.9.1 CTERM ONLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18
2.9.2 LAT ONLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19
2.10 NDU - Network Device Utility . . . . . . . . . . 2-21
2.10.1 NPDRV - Virtual Printer Driver . . . . . . . . 2-21
2.10.2 NDDRV - Virtual Disk Driver . . . . . . . . . 2-22
2.11 NCP - Network Control Program . . . . . . . . . 2-22
2.12 NTU - Network Test Utility . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24
2.13 TFA - Transparent File Access . . . . . . . . . 2-25
2.14 TTT - Transparent Task-to-Task . . . . . . . . . 2-25
2.15 DTR/DTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-25
2.16 MAIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-25
2.17 FAL (File Access Listener) . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26
2.18 DIP - DECnet-DOS Installation Procedure . . . . 2-28
1
2.19 C Programming Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-29
CHAPTER 3 MODEM CONTROL
3.1 Using Modem Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
3.2 Modem States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
3.2.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
3.2.2 State 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
3.2.3 State 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
3.2.4 State 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
3.2.5 State 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
3.2.6 State 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
3.2.7 State 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
3.2.8 State 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
3.3 Interface Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
3.4 Modem Option Selections . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
CHAPTER 4 REPORTING PROBLEMS
FIGURES
3-1 Modem States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
3-2 Minimum Implementation of V.24 Circuits for Full
Duplex Modem Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
TABLES
1-1 Extended Error Messages - Unable to Make a
Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
1-2 Extended Error Messages - Disconnecting a Logical
Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
3-1 Asynchronous Mode, Direct Connection . . . . . . . 3-8
3-2 Asynchronous Mode, Modem Connection . . . . . . . 3-9
3-3 User-selectable Modem Options . . . . . . . . . 3-10
2
Preface
The following release notes include updated information for DECnet-DOS
V1.1 and DECnet-Rainbow V1.1. You should use these notes in
conjunction with the material presented in the DECnet-DOS
documentation set.
Intended Audience
These release notes are intended for users of the Rainbow series of
personal computers and for users of the IBM PC, IBM PC/XT, and IBM
Personal Computer AT. Some of the information presented in this
document is very technical. If you do not understand the material,
you should seek assistance from the person who is responsible for
configuring your network.
ALL-IN-1 is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.
IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines
Corporation.
IBM PC/XT is a trademark of International Business Machines
Corporation.
IBM Personal Computer AT is a trademark of International Business
Machines Corporation.
MS is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
Symphony is a trademark of Lotus Development Corporation.
3
CHAPTER 1
CHANGES BETWEEN V1.0 AND V1.1
This chapter describes the software changes made from DECnet-DOS and
DECnet-Rainbow Version 1.0 to DECnet-DOS and DECnet-Rainbow Version
1.1.
For DECnet-DOS only, DECnet-DOS V1.1 adds support for IBM Personal
Computer ATs, support for PC-DOS V3.1, and Ethernet support.
In Version 1.0, the background network task was installed as an MS-DOS
device driver. In Version 1.1, a number of tasks cooperate to provide
background network processing. All of these tasks are terminate and
stay resident tasks, not device drivers. They include: the interrupt
Scheduler (SCH); the Ethernet Data Link Layer (DLL); the LAT protocol
handler (LAT); and the DECnet Network Process (DNP). Note that DLL
and LAT apply to DECnet-DOS only.
The processes communicate using software interrupts. The interrupts
__________
used by each process are listed in an appendix to the DECnet-DOS
____________ _________ ______
Programmer's Reference Manual.
The following sections describe changes to the DECnet-DOS and
DECnet-Rainbow utilities.
1.1 DECnet-DOS and DECnet-Rainbow NFT
o NFT now provides the PRINT and SUBMIT commands which queue
remote files at the remote node, and /PRINT and /SUBMIT
switches which can be used with the COPY command to copy
local files to remote nodes to be queued at the remote node.
o The /FULL switch for the DIRECTORY command now provides a VMS
style full directory listing for remote files.
1-1
CHANGES BETWEEN V1.0 AND V1.1
o NFT will now allow you to copy remote files directly to the
local printer, for example:
NFT COPY REMOTE::FOO.BAR PRN
or
NFT COPY REMOTE::FOO.BAR PRN:
o NFT can now do block mode file copies. Block mode file
copying is an image mode file transfer which moves the data
in 512 byte units independent of any record characteristics.
The end of file byte position is properly retained. This
file copy mode may be necessary to copy files with very long
records. To use block mode when copying, specify /BLOCK as
the only switch.
o The date and time of creation of copied files is now
preserved.
1.2 DECnet-DOS and DECnet-Rainbow SETHOST
o SETHOST now allows you the ability to interrupt a session to
perform some local task and then continue the session where
you left off. Multiple interrupted sessions are supported
(CTERM connections only). Local tasks include any MS-DOS
command or sequence of commands, starting or stopping logging
of the terminal session, and getting help.
o SETHOST now provides VMS style command line editing.
o SETHOST provides on-line help.
o LAT support is now provided by SETHOST (Ethernet
configurations only). When SETHOST attempts to connect to
the remote node it first attempts to use LAT protocol. If
that fails, SETHOST attempts a CTERM connection. There is no
multiple session LAT support.
1.3 DECnet-DOS and DECnet-Rainbow NDU
o NDU can now CREATE virtual disk volumes in 4 different sizes,
1.2, 10, 20, and 32 MB.
1-2
CHANGES BETWEEN V1.0 AND V1.1
1.4 DECnet-DOS and DECnet-Rainbow NTU
o The SET RECORDING command is no longer available. Use the TO
file option instead.
o LOOP command syntax has been changed to be more consistent
with other DECnet implementations. The LOOP commands are
now: LOOP EXECUTOR, LOOP CIRCUIT, LOOP NODE, and LOOP LINE
CONTROLLER.
1.5 DECnet-DOS and DECnet-Rainbow TFA
o TFA now has on-line help.
o TFA can now be unloaded after use to make memory available
for other tasks. TNT unloads TFA.
1.6 DECnet-DOS and DECnet-Rainbow TTT
o TTT now has on-line help.
o TTT can now be unloaded after use to make memory available
for other tasks. TNT unloads TTT.
1.7 DECnet-DOS and DECnet-Rainbow TNTERR
o TNTERRs name has been changed to TNT.
o TNT provides on-line help.
o TNT can unload TTT or TFA from memory.
1-3
CHANGES BETWEEN V1.0 AND V1.1
1.8 DECnet-DOS and DECnet-Rainbow DTR/DTS
o DTR now has on-line help.
1.9 DECnet-DOS and DECnet-Rainbow SPAWNER
o The DECnet Job Spawner is a new utility with DECnet-DOS V1.1.
The job spawner runs as a foreground task waiting for
incoming connections. When a connection arrives, the spawner
looks up the requested object name or number in its database
and runs the program which services that type of request.
When the program finishes, the spawner again waits for
incoming connections. The spawner supports FAL, DTR, and
user-written servers.
1.10 DECnet-DOS and DECnet-Rainbow MAIL
o MAIL is a new utility with V1.1. MAIL provides you the
ability to transmit messages or files to other non MS-DOS
nodes in your network. MAIL does not allow you to receive
mail directly at your personal computer node.
1.11 DECnet-DOS and DECnet-Rainbow FAL
o The File Access Listener (FAL) allows other nodes in your
network access to files local to your personal computer node.
Access is password controlled. FAL can be run with the Job
Spawner.
1-4
CHANGES BETWEEN V1.0 AND V1.1
1.12 DECnet-DOS and DECnet-Rainbow DIP
o DECnet-DOS and DECnet-Rainbow can now be completely installed
by running the DECnet Installation Procedure (DIP) and
answering a few simple questions. Refer to the appropriate
installation guide for instructions.
__________ ____________ _________ ______
1.13 Revisions to the DECnet-DOS Programmer's Reference Manual
The following tables are revised Versions of Table D-1 and Table D-2,
which are in Appendix D ("SUMMARY OF EXTENDED ERROR CODES") of the
__________ ____________ _________ ______
DECnet-DOS Programmer's Reference Manual.
DECnet-DOS supports extended error support to certain socket
__________
operations. When you write a program which uses the getsockopt
__________
function call, extended error codes can be returned in opt_status, a
__________
data member of optdata_dn. This can occur following an attempted
connection request or after disconnecting a logical link.
Table 1-1 lists extended error codes which can be returned following
an attempted connection. It lists the error messages found in
________
derrno.h, the decimal value for each message, their equivalent error
_________ _____
message that dnet_conn returns in errno, and the error reason.
1-5
CHANGES BETWEEN V1.0 AND V1.1
Table 1-1: Extended Error Messages - Unable to Make a Connection
Decimal derrno.h dnet_conn
Error Code Mnemonic In errno Reason
0 EREJBYOBJ ECONNREFUSED Connect failed.
Connection
rejected by object.
1 EINSSNETRES ENOSPC Connect failed.
Insufficient network
resources.
2 EUNRNODNAM EADDRNOTAVAIL Connect failed.
Unrecognized
node name.
3 EREMNODESHUT ENETDOWN Connect failed.
Remote node
shutting down.
4 EUNROBJ ESRCH Connect failed.
Unrecognized object.
5 EINVOBJNAM EINVAL Connect failed.
Invalid object
name format.
6 EOBJBUSY ETOOMANYREFS Connect failed.
Object too busy.
10 EINVNODNAM ENAMETOOLONG Connect failed.
Invalid node
name format.
11 ELOCNODESHUT EHOSTDOWN Connect failed.
Local node
shutting down.
32 ENODERESOURCES ENOSPC Connect failed. No
node resources for
new logical link.
33 EUSERESOURCES ENOSPC Connect failed. No
user resources for
new logical link.
34 EACCONREJ ECONNABORTED Connect failed.
Access control
rejected.
1-6
CHANGES BETWEEN V1.0 AND V1.1
Decimal derrno.h dnet_conn
Error Code Mnemonic In errno Reason
36 EBADACCOUNT ECONNABORTED Connect failed.
Bad account
information.
38 ENORESPOBJ ETIMEDOUT Connect failed.
No response
from object.
39 ENODUNREACH ENETUNREACH Connect failed.
Node unreachable.
43 ECONNTOOBIG ECONNABORTED Connect failed.
Connect image
data field too
long.
1-7
CHANGES BETWEEN V1.0 AND V1.1
Table 1-2 lists extended error codes which can be returned following a
________
disconnection. It lists the error messages found in derrno.h, the
decimal value for each message, and the error reason.
Table 1-2: Extended Error Messages - Disconnecting a Logical Link
Decimal derrno.h
Error Code Mnemonic Reason
0 EREJBYOBJ The remote node end user
disconnected a running logical
link.
8 EABTBYNMGT The logical link was
disconnected by a third party.
9 EUSERABORT The remote end user has aborted
the link.
38 ENORESPOBJ The end user or node at the
other end of the link has
crashed or failed.
39 ENODUNREACH The connection has been lost due
to a local timeout.
41 ENOLINK The connection has been lost due
to a protocol failure, no such
link found at remote.
42 ECOMPLETE No error. A local end
user-initiated disconnect has
completed.
1-8
CHANGES BETWEEN V1.0 AND V1.1
1.14 DECnet-DOS and DECnet-Rainbow Programming Interface
o The assembler language interface to the network process in
Version 1.0 was software interrupt 2A (hex). In Version 1.1
the interface to the network process is software interrupt 6E
(hex). The 2A interface has been retained for compatibility,
but may be removed in a future release.
o A new technique for doing I/O which does not block is being
provided in Version 1.1, asynchronous I/O. Asynchronous I/O
provides a call back mechanism to notify the application
program that a request has been completed. Please refer to
__________ ____________ _________ ______
the DECnet-DOS Programmer's Reference Manual for more
information.
o SCBDEF.H
The symbol definition SCBS_SETOSTAT was changed to
SCBS_GETOSTAT.
o DN.H
The following definitions for DECnet software components were
added:
/*
* Define DECnet modules as TLA (three letter acronym) strings.
*/
#define DNMOD_LAT "LAT" /* LAT driver */
#define DNMOD_PDV "PDV" /* Port driver */
#define DNMOD_SCH "SCH" /* Real-time Scheduler */
#define DNMOD_DLL "DLL" /* Data Link Layer */
#define DNMOD_DNP "DNP" /* DECnet Network Process */
/*
* Define DECnet software module interrupt vectors.
*/
#define DNMODULE_LAT 0x6a /* LAT driver */
#define DNMODULE_PDV 0x6b /* Port driver */
#define DNMODULE_SCH 0x6c /* Real-time Scheduler */
#define DNMODULE_DLL 0x6d /* Data Link Layer */
#define DNMODULE_DNP 0x6e /* DECnet Network Process */
1-9
CHANGES BETWEEN V1.0 AND V1.1
o DERRNO.H
The following symbol definitions were added (note that these
are not supported by DECnet-ULTRIX V1.1):
EUSERABORT 9 - Disconnect: Abort by user
ENODERESOURCES 32 - Connect: No node resources for new logical link
EUSERESOURCES 33 - Connect: No user resources for new logical link
EBADACCOUNT 36 - Connect: Bad account information
ENOLINK 41 - Disconnect: Protocol failure, no such link
ECOMPLETE 42 - Disconnect: No error, disconnect completed
ECONNTOOBIG 43 - Connect: Connect image data field too long
o NERROR.C
Error text for additional DECnet connect errors was added.
(see new definitions in DERRNO.H)
The array of character strings, *dnet_errlist[], has changed.
The text, "Connect failed, ", which was repeated in every
string, has been removed and placed in a single, separate
character string, 'connect_error[]'. If your code indexed
directly into this global array of strings, you must account
for the "Connect failed, " string in your display code or
else use the connect_error[] string. If you used the
function 'nerror()', this change will be transparent to your
program.
o DNET_CONN.C
A 'signal()' function was added for support of non-blocking
connects. If a 'signal()' function is not supported by your
C compiler, comment out all references to 'signal' in this C
source file before compilation.
__________ ____________ _________ ______
Appendix C of the DECnet-DOS Programmer's Reference Manual
should include the following entry:
EINTR 4 Interrupted system call.
1-10
CHANGES BETWEEN V1.0 AND V1.1
Automatic outgoing proxy support was added. This was done by
issuing a 'bind()' call to the client socket under the
following conditions:
1. No access control information passed in the 'node'
argument to 'dnet_conn()'.
2. No default access control information found in the local
node's node database for the remote node specified in the
'node' argument to 'dnet_conn()'.
3. A user name has been set up for local node in the local
node's database.
o The internal function 'dnet_errconvert()' was modified to
reflect changes made in DECnet connect errors (see new
definitions in DERRNO.H) This function maps DECnet connect
errors to their equivalent 'errno' system error codes so that
connect error returns from 'dnet_conn()' will have the
correct errno system error code in 'errno' for use by the
function 'nerror()'.
o DNMSDOS.H
____________
localinfo_dn was revised to support the complete path
specification for the DECnet database path by adding a new
member to the data structure:
1. The complete database path specification is contained in
_______________
lcl_decnet_path.
_________________
2. lcl_decnet_device is still supported for backwards
compatibility.
3. See the file for more details on the structure format.
1-11
CHANGES BETWEEN V1.0 AND V1.1
o DNET_PATH.C
_________
dnet_path now supports getting the complete DECnet database
path specification. Note that the function's interface has
not changed.
o IOCB.H
A new data structure, CIOCB, was added which supports
ASYNCHRONOUS NETWORK I/O. This structure is identical to the
IOCB structure except for one additional member,
'io_callback'. See the file for more details on the
structure's format.
o TIME.H
Three new external definitions were added:
int daylight;
long timezone;
char *tzname[2];
It is ASSUMED that these are defined by the user's C
compiler. If not used, comment them out of header file
before compilation(s); otherwise, if not defined, then define
them in applications programs.
o SOCKET.H
New flag definitions for the CIOCB / IOCB 'io_flags' member
were added:
#define MSG_ASYNC 0x8 /* perform function asynchronously */
#define MSG_CALLBACK 0x10 /* perform callback */
#define MSG_NEOM 0x20 /* do not perform end of message */
#define MSG_NBOM 0x40 /* do not set beginning of message */
New address family definitions were added:
#define AF_SES 6
#define AF_MAX 6
o BEGIN.H & FINISH.H
Segment names were changed in this file.
o SIZE.H
SIZE.H is NOT necessary for V1.1 assemblies.
1-12
CHANGES BETWEEN V1.0 AND V1.1
o DNETDB.H
The use of the flags byte in the structure, 'dnet_nodeent'
has been modified. It is now interpreted as a bit field
flags byte. The new flag symbols are:
/*
* dnet_nodeent.dne_delflag - flags
*/
#define DNET_NODE_DEL 0x2 /* deleted entry */
#define DNET_NODE_CRY 0x4 /* encrypted entry */
#define DNET_NODE_LAT 0x8 /* LAT preferred host */
A new data structure has been added, 'dnet_accent'. It is
the incoming access control information entry. It uses the
new database file DECACC.DAT.
o PRGPRE.H
The list of header files was modified.
o ERRNO.H
New symbol definition for ASYNCHRONOUS NETWORK I/O errors was
added: Check CIOCB 'io_status' field for this value.
#define NOTHING -2 /* request not complete - asynch i/o */
o TYPES.H
More type definitions were added:
/*
* Defines types used in defining values returned by system level
* calls for file status and time information.
*/
typedef unsigned short ino_t; /* i-node number (not used on DOS) */
typedef long time_t; /* time value */
typedef short dev_t; /* device code */
typedef long off_t; /* file offset value */
1-13
CHANGES BETWEEN V1.0 AND V1.1
o New function dnet_installed():
This is a C library function found in source file DNETINST.C.
It performs installation checking of various software
components. See file DN.H for component symbol definitions.
o New function dnet_getacc():
This is a C library function found in source file DNETACCE.C.
It fetches incoming access control information.
o New function csreg():
This is an assembly function found in source file CSREG.ASM.
It returns the current CS (code segment) register value and
works with the 2 segment model only.
o New function dnetses():
This is an assembly function found in source file
DNETSES.ASM. It currently returns an incorrect Version
number of 0.0 if SESSION is installed.
o New function fbcopy().
This is an assembly function found in source file FBCOPY.ASM.
It performs a FAR byte copy. It does not check for
source/destination buffer overlap conditions.
o New function decnet():
This is an assembly function found in source file DECNET.ASM.
(V1.0 file name was INTIOCTL.ASM) It provides direct
interface to the DECnet Network Process (DNP) via interrupt
vector 6EH. V1.0 interrupt interface to DNP was via 2AH -
this interface is still supported in V1.1 for backwards
________ _______
compatibility. decnet() replaces the V1.0 ioctl() function.
o New format for DECNODE.DAT
The format for the file DECNODE.DAT is different in Version
1.1 than it was in Version 1.0. Passwords are now encrypted,
so that other users cannot read any of the passwords you have
defined.
1-14
CHAPTER 2
SOLVING PROBLEMS, RESTRICTIONS, AND HINTS
This chapter describes known problems, restrictions, and
troubleshooting hints.
2.1 Asynchronous Installation Problems
o When connecting your Rainbow or IBM personal computer to the
adjacent node using an Asynchronous DDCMP connection through
a null modem cable, remember to switch the send and receive
leads properly.
o The use of a terminal switch or a terminal server running LAT
for connection of your Rainbow or IBM personal computer to
the adjacent node is not supported.
o When using the DECnet Router Server for asynchronous
connections, the circuit must be full duplex and must be set
to the same line speed as your machine.
For example:
Direct: SET LINE LC-1L SPEED 9600 DUPLEX FULL MODEM NO
Modem: SET LINE LC-1L SPEED 1200 DUPLEX FULL MODEM YES
The circuit cost and hello timer values can be set to any
reasonable values. The state should be set to ON.
o When making a direct Asynchronous DDCMP connection to an
RSX11 system, note that entire controllers must support
either terminals or DDCMP lines, but not both. Insure that
your sysgen or system configuration does NOT include the
chosen controller and that your DECnet gen DOES include the
chosen controller.
2-1
SOLVING PROBLEMS, RESTRICTIONS, AND HINTS
o When using Asynchronous DDCMP and connecting directly to a
VAX/VMS system, note that VAX/VMS can share the lines on a
controller between terminal support and asynchronous DDCMP
support.
o When configuring your VAX/VMS adjacent node, use the
following commands as a GUIDE for your VMS system manager.
These commands establish the chosen terminal lines as
dedicated DDCMP lines.
__ ____ ______ _____ ______ _______ ____ ____ __ ____ _____
$! Load asynch DDCMP device driver. This must be done after
__ _____ ______ _____
$! every system boot.
_ ___ _________________
$ run sys$system:sysgen
_______ ______________
connect noa0/noadapter
____
exit
__ ____ ___ _____ _____ ___ __ __ _________ __ _____
$! Tell VMS which lines are to be dedicated to DDCMP
__ ____ ____ __ ____ _____ _____ ______ ____
$! This must be done after every system boot
____ ____ ___________________________________________ _____
$set term /protocol=ddcmp/speed=9600/notypeahead/perm ttb4:
____ ____ ___________________________________________ _____
$set term /protocol=ddcmp/speed=9600/notypeahead/perm ttb5:
__ ___ ___ __ ________ _________ ___ _____ ___ ________
$! Use NCP to properly configure the lines and circuits
__ ________ ____ ______ _______ ___ _________ ________
$! Remember that DEFINE changes the permanent database
__ ___ ___ _____ ____________
$! and SET works immediately.
_ ___
$ ncp
______ ____ ______ _____ __ _______ _______ _
define line tt-1-4 state on receive buffers 4
______ ____ ______ _____ __ _______ _______ _
define line tt-1-5 state on receive buffers 4
______ _______ ______ _____ __
define circuit tt-1-4 state on
______ _______ ______ _____ __
define circuit tt-1-5 state on
____
exit
o When configuring your VAX/VMS adjacent node, use the
following commands as a GUIDE for your VMS system manager.
These commands establish all terminal lines as switchable
DDCMP lines (V4.2 and later only).
ON THE VAX
1. The asynchronous DDCMP driver, NODRIVER, must be loaded
on the VAX system.
_______ _______ ______________
SYSGEN> CONNECT NOA0/NOADAPTER
2. DYNSWITCH, the image that controls the switching of the
line, must be installed as a shareable image on the VAX.
________ ______ _______________________________________________
INSTALL> CREATE SYS$LIBRARY:DYNSWITCH/SHARE/PROTECT/HEADER/OPEN
2-2
SOLVING PROBLEMS, RESTRICTIONS, AND HINTS
3. A virtual terminal must be created in order for the
physical terminal connection to be broken without
actually losing the logical connection between the two
systems.
_______ _______ ______________________________
SYSGEN> CONNECT VTA0/NOADAPTER/DRIVER=TTDRIVER
4. The terminal line must be set for 8 bit characters with
no parity and have the attribute DISCONNECT on the VAX.
NOTE
The DISCONNECT attribute enables the virtual
terminal to be used. The DISCONNECT attribute
must be permanent; it must either be set /PERM
after every boot, or the default terminal
characteristics must be set properly. If you set
the terminal characteristics for your own
terminal, you must log out and log back in again
for them to take effect. Also note that if modem
control is enabled, hangup must also be enabled.
You know that this step has been performed
properly if your terminal device designator
begins with VT.
5. In the node database, the following parameters must be
set for the node that will be switching the asynchronous
connection:
- The INBOUND parameter must be set to either ROUTER or
ENDNODE.
- The RECEIVE PASSWORD must be set to match the remote
node's EXECUTOR TRANSMIT PASSWORD.
NOTE
The password will be converted to uppercase
unless it is defined as a quoted string.
_______ ____ _______ _ _ _______ ________
NCP>SET NODE node-idINBOUND [router/endnode] RECEIVE PASSWORD password
2-3
SOLVING PROBLEMS, RESTRICTIONS, AND HINTS
ON THE PERSONAL COMPUTER
1. On a personal computer, the DECnet line must be set OFF,
either by default or by command with NCP.
2. The terminal line/terminal emulator must be set for 8 bit
characters with no parity.
3. The EXECUTOR TRANSMIT PASSWORD must be set to match the
RECEIVE PASSWORD specified for the node definition on the
remote system. The password must be entered in uppercase
since the password defined on the VAX is converted to
uppercase unless it is entered as a quoted string.
NOTE
The EXECUTOR RECEIVE PASSWORD must not be set;
when DYNSWITCH is used, DECnet-VAX will not send
a password during routing initialization. If the
receive password is set, the line will not come
up.
4. Both the terminal line and the DDCMP line must be set to
the speed of the line to be used; they will not share
line characteristics.
5. Connect to the VAX as a normal terminal user using a
terminal emulator.
6. When the line is to be switched from a terminal line to a
DDCMP line, the following DCL command is entered:
____ ________ ____________________________________
$SET TERMINAL /PROTOCOL=DDCMP/SWITCH=DECNET/MANUAL
NOTE
/MANUAL is only used when DECnet must be turned
on manually. When the switch is initiated, a
message appears on the terminal indicating that
the switch is taking place on the VAX and the
user must exit terminal emulation mode and turn
on the DECnet line. If the line is not turned on
within approximately 4 minutes, a static
asynchronous line will return to terminal mode
and a dial-up asynchronous line with hangup will
be disconnected.
2-4
SOLVING PROBLEMS, RESTRICTIONS, AND HINTS
Terminating a Switched DDCMP Connection
A DDCMP connection created using DYNSWITCH can be terminated
from either end of the connection by setting the line or
circuit (VAX/uVAX only) OFF. The following are the various
scenarios that will occur when the line is disconnected:
1. The personal computer user sets the line OFF or the line
drops due to noise, etc.
If the switched line is a hardwired line between the
personal computer and the VAX, or a modem is used with
/NOHANGUP specified, the circuit on the VAX side will go
into an ON/STARTING state for approximately 4 minutes.
This enables the personal computer user to set the line
back ON and have it operational without having to go
through the entire DYNSWITCH procedure again.
2. The system manager on the VAX or uVAX can set either the
circuit or the line OFF.
If either the circuit or the line is set OFF on the
VAX/uVAX, both the circuit and line information are
removed from the volatile database and the asynchronous
line is returned to terminal mode.
Miscellaneous Information
1. If a modem is used for a DYNSWITCH connection, the modem
signal will not be dropped during the switch.
2. If /NOHANGUP is specified on the terminal line, the modem
signal will not drop after the DDCMP circuit is set OFF.
The line will return to terminal mode.
3. If DECnet is being turned on manually, a <CTRL/C> or a
<CTRL/Y> after the switch message aborts the switch, and
the line is returned to terminal mode.
4. For a dynamic connection, the line and circuit will
automatically be added to the volatile database on the
VAX when the line is switched from terminal mode to DDCMP
mode. It does not have to be manually added to the
database.
5. An asynchronous terminal connection to a VAX through a
switch or a LAT terminal server cannot be switched to a
DDCMP line using DYNSWITCH.
2-5
SOLVING PROBLEMS, RESTRICTIONS, AND HINTS
2.2 Asynchronous Performance and Tuning
o If you have a poor Asynchronous DDCMP connection (such as a
noisy phone line between modems), the following suggestions
may help:
_
Set the line speed lower (NCP SET LINE SPEED n).
Set the personal computer's executor retransmit factor higher
_
(NCP SET EXECUTOR RETRANSMIT FACTOR n). The default is 6;
try 10. This is the number of times that a message is
retransmitted before the logical link is declared broken.
Setting this parameter higher allows the network more times
to retry messages with errors.
Set the personal computer's segment size smaller (NCP SET
_
EXECUTOR SEGMENT BUFFER SIZE n). A smaller segment size
improves the chances that messages will be sent with no
errors. A smaller segment size also means that the loss of
one character causes fewer characters to be retransmitted.
The VMS minimum is 192. Try 200 first. The minimum of the
peers is used. NFT may produce "buffer too small" errors at
low values.
Set the Host's EXECUTOR HELLO TIMER longer. This affects how
long DECnet will wait for any traffic before declaring the
line to be down.
On VMS, SET CIRCUIT MAX TRANSMITS controls the retransmit
count before recycling the line. Default is 4, set it to 32.
2-6
SOLVING PROBLEMS, RESTRICTIONS, AND HINTS
2.3 Asynchronous Configuration Problems
o When the network process has the line state ON, it assumes
that it has complete control of the communications port of
the system. It will continue to run DECnet protocols in the
background. If you wish to use the communications port for
other purposes (such as a terminal emulator), you must first
turn the line state OFF with NCP. This will disengage the
network process and return the communications port to its
previous state.
o The network process uses the communications parameters stored
in the DECnet database, NOT the parameters that the port may
be programmed with by MS-DOS SETUP commands on the Rainbow
(or PC-DOS MODE commands on IBM PCs). Problems will occur
if, for example, you do not properly adjust the line speed
with NCP to match the remote system.
2-7
SOLVING PROBLEMS, RESTRICTIONS, AND HINTS
2.4 Ethernet Performance and Tuning
The Ethernet controllers supported by DECnet-DOS V1.1 use single
buffers for message reception. Since the personal computer's CPU is
fairly slow compared to the speed of the Ethernet, it is possible for
a message to be lost by a personal computer because it is busy getting
the last message off of the controller. When this happens, DECnet
will detect that a message has been lost (after a short time has
passed) and automatically retransmit the lost message. This loss of
messages and subsequent recovery can be observed in counters displayed
by NCP and NTU, in failures in Ethernet loop circuit commands in NTU,
and in short pauses during normal operations. These symptoms do NOT
indicate correctable problems. The loss of messages and subsequent
recovery is expected.
A number of network management parameters can be changed in an effort
to improve performance:
o In very large networks that include many routing nodes and/or
many LAT services, each personal computer may have to receive
a number of messages which are regularly broadcast by routing
nodes and LAT services. These messages are necessary for
normal operations. However, received data performance may be
improved by preventing the reception of these regular
messages. Following are the commands which turn off
reception of these messages and the effect of each command.
Only after all commands have been typed will the potential
performance improvement be realized.
_
1. LAT /n
_
The /n switch to LAT prevents LAT from being told the
name of each LAT service. If you do not wish to use LAT
services, just do not run LAT. If you DO wish to use LAT
_
services, use the /n switch when starting LAT and use the
LAT-HOST keyword with the NCP SET NODE command to inform
LAT which services should be available. (This restricts
your use of LAT services to those with service names of 6
_
characters or less.) The default is no /n switch, which
enables the reception of multicast messages.
2. NCP SET CIRCUIT SERVICE DISABLED [ENABLED]
This command prevents your personal computer from being
able to respond to loopback requests or MOP requests at
the circuit level. The default is ENABLED, which allows
your personal computer to receive multicast messages in
order to provide service functions.
2-8
SOLVING PROBLEMS, RESTRICTIONS, AND HINTS
3. NCP SET CIRCUIT MULTICAST DISABLED [ENABLED]
This command causes your personal computer to listen for
announcements concerning which node on the Ethernet is
the router only when the line is started and only every
ten minutes for 1 minute after that. The default is
ENABLED, which allows your personal computer to receive
multicast messages concerning routing.
o If logical links break, try setting the retry counter in your
personal computer higher by typing:
_______ ________ __________ ______ __
NCP>SET EXECUTOR RETRANSMIT FACTOR 10
o If performance seems bursty, try setting the delays before
retransmission lower by typing these commands on your remote
(non-MS-DOS) systems:
_______ ________ _____ ______ __
NCP>SET EXECUTOR DELAY FACTOR 32
_______ ________ _____ ______ _
NCP>SET EXECUTOR DELAY WEIGHT 3
o If performance seems bursty, you may also want to try
lowering the number of messages that a remote node can send
to your personal computer at a time. Type on your personal
computer:
_______ ________ _______ ____ _____ _
NCP>SET EXECUTOR RECEIVE PIPE QUOTA 1
o If performance seems bursty, you may also want to try raising
the number of messages that a remote node can send to your
personal computer at a time. Type on your personal computer:
_______ ________ _______ ____ _____ _
NCP>SET EXECUTOR RECEIVE PIPE QUOTA 8
2-9
SOLVING PROBLEMS, RESTRICTIONS, AND HINTS
2.5 Ethernet Configuration Problems
o During power OFF and perhaps power ON, Ethernet controllers
may introduce noise on the Ethernet.
o It may not be possible to format floppies on the IBM PC, the
IBM PC/XT, or the IBM PC AT while the Ethernet line is in the
ON state. The DMA of bytes to and from the Ethernet
controller may interfere with the floppy timing while
formatting. If this seems to be happening to you, use the
NCP command SET LINE STATE OFF before formatting and then SET
LINE STATE ON after formatting.
2.6 General Problems
o Following installation, DECPARM.DAT contains information
specific to the line you are using (either Asynchronous or
Ethernet). Each time the DECnet Network Process (DNP) is
started, it verifies that DECPARM.DAT contains the proper
line information. If you wish to switch between use of the
Ethernet line and use of the asynchronous line, you should
keep two copies of DECPARM.DAT: one for Ethernet (called
DECPARM.ETH, for example), and one for asynchronous (called
DECPARM.ASY, for example). Insure that AUTOEXEC.BAT does NOT
run the DECnet Network Process (DNP). After each boot, you
can rename the appropriate DECPARM file to DECPARM.DAT and
then run the matching DNP. If you attempt to use the wrong
network process for the current permanent database file
(DECPARM.DAT), the error message "wrong protocol type found
in DECPARM.DAT" will be displayed.
o The network takes control of clock interrupts as soon as the
scheduler component runs (SCHPC or SCHRB). The network also
takes control of com option interrupts when the line state is
ON. Other products which also take control of interrupts may
not be compatible with DECnet. In order to run such
incompatible software, you must either turn the DECnet line
OFF with NCP, or prevent the scheduler component from being
run. Note also that use of the DECnet virtual disks and
printer may not be possible during execution of incompatible
software products.
2-10
SOLVING PROBLEMS, RESTRICTIONS, AND HINTS
If you are using an asynchronous DDCMP connection, note that
Symphony from Lotus, as shipped, will cause the network
circuit to drop and therefore will not allow use of the
virtual disk and printer. However, using the INSTALL program
that comes with Symphony you can make the changes necessary
to force Symphony to ignore the communications port when it
runs. Run INSTALL to create a new driver set, or to change
an existing driver set. Delete the drivers for modem,
protocol, (and for the Rainbow, 7201 asynchronous support).
Note that if you modify an existing driver set, you must use
the method documented on (or about) page 41 of the
Introduction Manual which describes how to use the minus sign
to remove an option.
o The network process determines the system type that it is
running on by looking at ROM BIOS locations and/or calling
the Rainbow software interrupt 18 hex. Due to hardware
dependencies, the Rainbow and IBM PC processes are not
interchangeable. An error message will be issued and the
process will refuse to run on the wrong system.
o The transparent file access capabilities intercept the MS-DOS
system call interface through interrupt 21 hex. If you run
other programs that intercept interrupt 21, they may
interfere with the functioning of the transparent file access
operations.
o Be sure to understand that sockets are not bound to programs.
Once a socket is created, it will stay alive until it is
closed, even if the program that created it exits. A symptom
of too many open sockets is running out of buffer space. Use
NCP and the command SHOW ACTIVE LINKS to display open
sockets, and SET ACTIVE LINK STATE OFF to close open sockets.
o All utilities accept the node specification as either a node
name or node address. When node name alone is specified, all
utilities will check to see if default access control
information has been stored by NCP for that node and use that
access control information to make the connection. If the
node address is used, checking for default access control
information is BYPASSED.
2-11
SOLVING PROBLEMS, RESTRICTIONS, AND HINTS
o All features of DECnet-DOS cannot be supported on small
memory systems. If you find that the DECnet Installation
Procedure (DIP) warns you about having too little memory, if
you find that MS-DOS gives you an error message indicating
too little memory after running a utility, or if your
personal computer hangs after running a utility, try the
following:
- Study the appendix in the Installation Guide which lists
each utility, to determine whether it is memory resident
and its approximate size.
- Do not install any unnecessary third party software that
is memory resident.
- Do not install TTT. It is memory resident.
- Do not install TFA. It is memory resident.
- Do not install LAT. It is memory resident.
- Set the FILES parameter in CONFIG.SYS as low as possible.
64 bytes are used for each open file.
- Set the BUFFERS parameter in CONFIG.SYS as low as
possible. 528 bytes are used for each buffer.
- Use NCP to lower the number of logical links supported.
_
NCP DEFINE EXEC MAX LINK n
- Use NCP to lower the maximum number of buffers to
allocate.
_
NCP DEFINE EXEC MAX BUFFER n
On a 256K personal computer there is enough room to run NCP,
NFT, NTU, CTERM based SETHOST, NDU with one virtual device,
FAL, DTS, DTR, and MAIL if:
- FILES=8 in CONFIG.SYS.
- BUFFERS=2 in CONFIG.SYS.
- EXEC MAX LINKS 2 in NCP.
- EXEC MAX BUFFERS 12-14 in NCP.
Note that if DIP detects insufficient memory, it will automatically
adjust memory usage parameters in an attempt to fit all components
into memory.
2-12
SOLVING PROBLEMS, RESTRICTIONS, AND HINTS
2.6.1 Problems with Rainbow Only
o The Rainbow can suffer from crashes, hangs, memory errors,
and other problems if it contains bad memory chips. It may
be the case that your Rainbow can have bad memory which is
seldom used until DECnet is installed. (The resident parts
of DECnet cause more memory to be used.) As a result, it may
appear that the DECnet installation is causing these problems
when it is in fact the memory. If you are experiencing these
problems, have your local field service organization check
your Rainbow for bad memory.
o In order to avoid problems with the firmware, all
non-interrupt driven network processing is suspended while in
SETUP mode. Staying in SETUP mode for long periods of time
will most likely cause your network sessions to be lost.
o The network process uses the Rainbow MS-DOS V2.11 Extended
Communications BIOS User Defined Interrupt Service table to
redirect communications interrupts to it. Use of other
programs that use the BIOS function to change or reset the
_______ ______ _____
service routine address (see the Rainbow MS-DOS V2.05
____________ _____
Programmer's Guide for more information) will effectively
terminate DECnet communications if the process is active.
For example: running a poly-COM program will modify these
addresses. To recover, you must use NCP to set the line
state OFF and then back ON again.
2.6.2 Problems with IBM PCs Only
o The SETHOST utility uses interrupt 10H of the IBM BIOS while
running to control screen output, and takes over keyboard
interrupt 09H to handle keyboard input. Any other programs
that you may use to enhance the keyboard or display operation
may interfere with the operation of this utility.
2-13
SOLVING PROBLEMS, RESTRICTIONS, AND HINTS
2.7 NFT - Network File Transfer
o The algorithm for determining whether a file is ASCII or
image when copying from personal computer to remote without
switches is as follows: If the first 512 bytes contain a
CR/LF, the file must be ASCII. Otherwise, it must be image.
Note that some image files may appear to be ASCII using this
rule.
o The SET command for paths on remote ULTRIX systems does not
work.
o The use of MACY11 and LSA switches for remote DECsystem-10s
and DECsystem-20s does not work.
o If a directory command specifies multiple subdirectories and
some of them are protected, the error message fails to
display the volume and directory names.
o The command DIR REMOTE:: defaults the file specification to
*.*. This produces the correct results on all remote systems
except ULTRIX. On an ULTRIX system this only lists the files
that have a period in their names. To work around this
problem, use the command DIR REMOTE::*.
o The SHOW command displays any part of a password string which
follows an embedded space. This is not a serious problem
since most passwords do not have spaces in them.
o If a wildcarded copy from a remote VAX to the personal
computer specifies a wild file specification which matches a
directory specification on the VAX, the directory files are
copied to the personal computer. These files do not contain
any useful information and can be deleted.
o If a wildcarded copy from a remote VAX to the personal
computer requests access to a protected directory, NFT
displays a message saying that there was a problem with a
temporary file. This is the wrong message.
o If a COPY command which copies files from a remote ULTRIX
system to a personal computer defaults the output file
specification and the ULTRIX file specification contains
directories, then the resulting personal computer file will
be named incorrectly.
o If the value of MRS is set too large (> 1024) then NFT fails
in unpredictable ways.
2-14
SOLVING PROBLEMS, RESTRICTIONS, AND HINTS
2.8 Error Messages and Warnings
The following error messages and warnings are not listed in Appendix B
__________ ______ _____
(NFT Error Messages) of the DECnet-DOS User's Guide.
2.8.1 Error Messages
- Address already in use.
- Address family not supported by protocol family.
- Argument list too long.
- Argument too long.
- Attribute read error.
- Attribute write error.
- Bad address.
- Bad block on device.
- Bad file number.
- Bad terminator or bad value for switch:
- Bad version number.
- Broken pipe.
- Cannot close file.
- Cannot get JFN for file.
- Cannot open local file with DOS reserved names:
- Cannot PRINT list of files.
- Cannot PRINT local file.
- Connection refused.
- Connection reset by peer.
- Connection timed out.
- Destination address required.
- Device not available.
- Device not found.
- Device not ready.
- Device or file full.
- Disk full or other error in closing file.
- Disk full or other error in writing file.
- Disk usage exceeds quota.
- Error in data type.
- Error in file type extension.
- Failure to get transmit buffer.
- F11-ACP could not access file.
- F11-ACP could not create file.
- F11-ACP could not mark file for deletion.
- File activity precludes operation.
- File already open.
- File Exists.
- File extend failure.
- File is currently in an undefined state.
- Filename syntax error.
2-15
SOLVING PROBLEMS, RESTRICTIONS, AND HINTS
- File name too long.
- File not found.
- FSZ field invalid.
- Illegal record encountered.
- Insufficient network resources.
- Invalid DAP message type received.
- Invalid DAP message format received.
- Invalid file options.
- Invalid object name format.
- Invalid wildcard context value.
- Logical name error.
- LPT page limit exceeded.
- Message too long.
- Mount device busy.
- Network capacity exceeded.
- Network dropped connection on reset.
- Network operation failed at remote node.
- Network operation not supported.
- Network operation timed out.
- NFAR error, FFIRST with dir in progress.
- NFAR error, file not open.
- NFAR error, FNEXT with no dir in progress.
- NFAR error, illegal access.
- NFAR error, invalid function.
- NFAR error, invalid RATs.
- NFAR error, missing ::.
- NFAR error, missing quote.
- NFAR error, no \\\\ or \\*\\.
- NFAR error, no more room.
- NFAR error, record buffer too small.
- NFAR error, socket not found.
- No buffer space available.
- Node name cannot be longer than 6 characters.
- Node is unreachable.
- No more sockets available.
- No such device.
- Not supported by remote.
- Operation illegal or invalid for file organization.
- Operation in progress.
- Operation not supported on socket.
- Operation would block.
- Parity error on device.
- Path and file names not valid for SET, SHOW, or EXIT
commands.
- Permission denied.
- Protocol not available.
- Protocol not supported.
- Remote object is too busy.
- Result too large.
- Socket is already connected.
- Socket is not connected.
2-16
SOLVING PROBLEMS, RESTRICTIONS, AND HINTS
- Socket operation on nonsocket.
- Socket type not supported.
- Spool or submit command file error.
- Switches not valid for SET, SHOW, or EXIT commands.
- Task not available.
- Too many open files.
- Unexpected DAP message received.
- Unmatched quotes:
- Unrecognized local file specification, remote to remote
operations not supported.
- Unrecognized object.
- Unrecognized remote file specification:
- Unrecognized remote file specification, local to local
operations not supported.
- Unsupported DAP flag field received.
- VFC value must be less than 256.
2.8.2 Warnings
- Extra local file names will be ignored.
- Extra remote file names will be ignored.
- Warning: Destination file name list longer than source list.
2-17
SOLVING PROBLEMS, RESTRICTIONS, AND HINTS
2.9 SETHOST
2.9.1 CTERM ONLY
o Use of the @ command for batch input is not fully supported
by ULTRIX and RSX hosts.
o The VMS command SET TERM/INQ does not work properly when
embedded in LOGIN.COM and the @ command is used.
o VMS TDMS applications are not supported under CTERM
connections. VMS TDMS applications are supported under LAT
connections.
o A protocol-based virtual terminal service can be slower than
a direct dumb terminal connection. Some sequences will be
faster using CTERM because all character operations for a
complete line will be done locally in the Rainbow or IBM PC.
Some operations will be slower (such as editing with EDT)
because each character typed causes a number of CTERM
protocol messages to be exchanged.
o Writing saved session files does not check for disk error.
o While command line editing to VMS, if text is inserted which
fills a line, the image on the screen does not wrap to the
next line properly. The characters sent to the remote node
are correct.
o If backspace characters are output which would back the
cursor up before the beginning of the line, text which
follows the backspace characters appears on the next line.
Text should appear on the same line.
2-18
SOLVING PROBLEMS, RESTRICTIONS, AND HINTS
o For asynchronous configurations, characters are sometimes
lost when typing ahead.
o The following information applies to IBM PCs only:
- VT100 emulation on IBM PCs does not fully emulate a
VT100. Double height and double width text cannot be
displayed, 132 character width mode cannot be selected,
not all character attributes are available, and the local
printer is not supported.
- The first ALL-IN-1 screen leaves the cursor in the wrong
place. Typing carriage return properly positions the
cursor.
- Not all character attribute escape sequences work
properly. Both black and white and color have some
problems.
- After exiting from SETHOST on an IBM PC, some screen
attributes are not reset to their state before running
SETHOST, such as color and cursor format.
2.9.2 LAT ONLY
o Use of the @ command for batch input is not fully supported
by ULTRIX and RSX hosts.
o Use of the @ command for batch input is supported by VMS
hosts. However, it will not work properly if the SET
TERM/INQ command is embedded in LOGIN.COM and the @ command
is used.
o VMS TDMS applications are supported under LAT connections.
VMS TDMS applications are not supported under CTERM
connections.
2-19
SOLVING PROBLEMS, RESTRICTIONS, AND HINTS
o The following information applies to IBM PCs only:
- VT100 emulation on IBM PCs does not fully emulate a
VT100. Double height and double width text cannot be
displayed, 132 character width mode cannot be selected,
not all character attributes are available, and the local
printer is not supported.
- Not all character attribute escape sequences work
properly. Both black and white and color have some
problems.
- After exiting from SETHOST on an IBM PC, some screen
attributes are not reset to their state before running
SETHOST, such as color and cursor format.
o If backspace characters are output which would back the
cursor up before the beginning of the line, text which
follows the backspace characters appears on the next line.
Text should appear on the same line.
o Connections to RSX-11M-PLUS V3.0 can crash the system. This
problem is being solved by patches or future releases of RSX.
o Connections to RSX-11M-PLUS V3.0 can break. This problem is
being solved by patches or future releases of RSX.
o Connections to the Ethernet Terminal Server V2.1 (reverse
LAT) or earlier may break. This problem is solved by a
future release of the terminal server software.
o Connections to ULTRIX V1.2 (or earlier) systems can break.
This problem is solved by patches or a future release of the
ULTRIX software.
o If the NEW SESSION option is chosen after typing ^\<RET>
during a LAT session, SETHOST allows you to create a new
session. However, the existing LAT session is aborted.
(When a LAT session to a VMS host is aborted, your job
remains intact. The next time you log onto the VMS host, you
can reconnect to the same job.)
o When using <CTRL/S> and <CTRL/Q> to pause output, the
response may be slow. Pressing the <HOLD SCREEN> key (on the
Rainbow) or the <ALT/F1> key (on an IBM PC) is faster, but
the response is still not immediate.
2-20
SOLVING PROBLEMS, RESTRICTIONS, AND HINTS
o To send <CTRL/\> to the host system, be sure to repeat the
sequence twice. If you only do this once, SETHOST waits for
you to press the <RETURN> key.
o If you use /CTERM/SAVE, you can only get back to using LAT by
deleting the file SETHOST.DEF.
2.10 NDU - Network Device Utility
o When the NDU CLOSE command is issued for a remote virtual
disk file which resides on a personal computer running FAL,
FAL will report the "broken pipe" error message. This is
only a warning; no error has occurred.
o If a virtual disk file is created with one NDISK file
specification and then an attempt is made to delete the
virtual disk file using the command:
____ ____
DELETE NODE node NDISK file
with a different file specification which references the same
file (using logical names, for example), the delete function
will fail. Always delete the virtual disk using the same
file specification that it was created with if the delete is
done for a connected disk.
2.10.1 NPDRV - Virtual Printer Driver
o If the remote FAL makes an error, the Rainbow or IBM PC may
hang. This will very seldom occur.
o On IBM PCs use of the virtual printer by the background print
spooler may hang the system.
2-21
SOLVING PROBLEMS, RESTRICTIONS, AND HINTS
2.10.2 NDDRV - Virtual Disk Driver
o If the remote FAL makes an error, the Rainbow or IBM PC may
hang. This will very seldom occur.
2.11 NCP - Network Control Program
o Setting the state of the line to OFF in an asynchronous
configuration will shutdown network processing, but will NOT
hang up the phone, even if the circuit's modem parameter is
set to full. If you must hang up the phone under program
control, use the NCP command:
_______ ____ _____ ______
NCP>SET LINE STATE HANGUP
o The executor transmit and receive passwords and the remote
node access control strings may be quoted or unquoted.
Unquoted strings are forced to uppercase.
o Please be aware that some combinations of settings for buffer
sizes, buffer counts, and timers may cause performance
problems or network failures. Please change network
parameters only to solve specific problems. If new problems
occur as a result, change back to the default settings.
2-22
SOLVING PROBLEMS, RESTRICTIONS, AND HINTS
o If you plan to use the SET KNOWN NODES FROM REMOTE command,
be aware that in a large network, the resulting node database
can be so large that the search time during connections can
be very long. In a large network, consider only defining the
nodes you access frequently.
o When entering quoted strings as part of the command line
arguments, the quotes are removed. For example:
_______ ______ ____ _______
NCP>SET ACCESS USER "bence"
With the quotes removed, this results in:
_______ ______ ____ _____
NCP>SET ACCESS USER bence
The username bence is then forced to uppercase.
2-23
SOLVING PROBLEMS, RESTRICTIONS, AND HINTS
2.12 NTU - Network Test Utility
o The LOOP EXECUTOR command requires 3 free sockets for
successful execution. If only one (or no) socket is
available, a proper error message is returned. If exactly
two sockets are available, NTU reports: "time-out waiting
for connect". This does not indicate a failure of the
network.
o The LOOP CIRCUIT commands for Ethernet configurations may
fail to loop some messages. This does not indicate that
there is a problem which needs to be corrected. Personal
computers may lose messages at times. DECnet automatically
retransmits lost messages, but the circuit loopback
architecture does not.
o Access control strings may be quoted or unquoted. Unquoted
strings are forced to uppercase.
o LOOP CIRCUIT to the DECnet Router Server V1.0/V1.1 will fail.
This does not indicate an error. There is no loop circuit
server software in the asynchronous router server product.
2-24
SOLVING PROBLEMS, RESTRICTIONS, AND HINTS
2.13 TFA - Transparent File Access
o One can use TFA to type and copy files as follows:
TYPE \\f\node\\filespec
COPY local-file \\f\node\\remotefile
TYPE \\f\node\\remotefile >localfile
o TFA supports only one open file at a time.
2.14 TTT - Transparent Task-to-Task
o TTT supports up to 4 logical links at one time.
2.15 DTR/DTS
o DTR and DTS are tools used to test the network and measure
its performance. The documentation set does not include
documentation for DTR or DTS. However, the fourth floppy in
the distribution kit contains the file DTS.TXT which
describes the use of these tools.
o Interrupt tests to TOPS-20 systems do not work properly.
o DTS on a personal computer reports sequence errors during
echo tests, both to VAXes and to other personal computers.
2.16 MAIL
o MAIL.EXE can only SEND mail to remote nodes. It cannot
receive mail.
o If one attempts to send a non-ASCII text file as a mail
message, MAIL will not produce a useful error message, but
instead will behave erratically.
2-25
SOLVING PROBLEMS, RESTRICTIONS, AND HINTS
2.17 FAL (File Access Listener)
o FAL does incoming access checking only if the file DECACC.DAT
exists in the DECnet database path. Such a file is created
the first time the NCP SET ACCESS command is issued. If no
such file exists, or if you have not issued the SET ACCESS
command, the system's files are available to any and all
incoming access requests while FAL is running.
The DECACC.DAT file is deleted if the NCP command CLEAR KNOWN
ACCESS is issued. Note that if one clears all entries using
____
the NCP command CLEAR ACCESS USER user, the file will still
exist, but have no entries. In this case, FAL will do access
checking, but allow access to no users.
o Since MS-DOS is a single tasking operating system, FAL must
run to the exclusion of all other application programs.
o Some hosts may use as many as 4 logical links to perform a
single file access function. If you plan to run FAL, it is
suggested that you increase the number of logical links
supported. Type:
__________ ________ _______ _____ _
NCP>DEFINE EXECUTOR MAXIMUM LINKS 8
o Because MS-DOS path specifications contain the backslash
character and directory names and file names have the same
syntax, VMS cannot use path specifications without being
surrounded with double quotes. In addition, a number of
restrictions apply when using quoted file specifications in
VMS. To solve all these problems, FAL accepts VMS syntax for
file specifications:
$ DIR MSDOS::\TEST\*.C will fail
$ DIR MSDOS::"\TEST\*.C" will work
$ DIR MSDOS::[TEST]*.C will work
VMS does not understand that \foo is sometimes a file and
sometimes a directory. To avoid the problems that this
causes, always specify file names or use VMS syntax:
$ DIR MSDOS::"\" will fail
$ DIR MSDOS::"\*.*" will work
$ COPY *.FOO MSDOS::"\DIR" will fail
$ COPY *.FOO MSDOS::"\DIR\*.*" will work
$ COPY *.FOO MSDOS::[DIR]*.* will work
2-26
SOLVING PROBLEMS, RESTRICTIONS, AND HINTS
VMS does not properly separate the parts of a file
specification when it does wildcarding. As a result,
wildcard copies of files from a personal computer to VMS
using VMS DCL cannot be done using MS-DOS file syntax. Such
copies must be done using VMS file syntax:
$ COPY MSDOS::"\WORK\*.*" *.* will fail
$ COPY MSDOS::[WORK]*.* *.* will work
o FAL does NOT do file locking. If you will be using FAL for
simultaneous access to the same file, insure that all users
of the file open the file for reading ONLY. If two users
attempt to open the same file for simultaneous write,
unpredictable results may occur.
o If FAL is run under the SPAWNER, file access from VMS systems
using file lists may fail after the first file. Wildcard
file access is supported.
o When the NDU CLOSE command is issued for a remote virtual
disk file which resides on a personal computer running FAL,
FAL will report the "broken pipe" error message. This is
only a warning; no error has occurred.
o Trapping of hard device errors works for all IBM PCs. Hard
device errors that occur on a Rainbow will cause FAL to stop.
When FAL stops due to a device error, all its sockets are
still active. Use the NCP command "SET KNOWN LINKS STATE
OFF" to abort FAL's links and sockets before starting FAL
again.
2-27
SOLVING PROBLEMS, RESTRICTIONS, AND HINTS
2.18 DIP - DECnet-DOS Installation Procedure
1. The following information applies to Rainbows only:
- The files DNPETHRB.EXE and LAT.EXE are not a part of the
DECnet-Rainbow product, but are included on the floppies.
Do not copy these files to your Rainbow.
- If you choose to install DECnet files to floppies (such
that loading of NDDRV.SYS and NPDRV.SYS will be from a
floppy on system reboot), DIP will insert a dummy --
DEVICE=<x>:<path>DECDIP.SYS -- command line in CONFIG.SYS
because MS-DOS will fail on loading the first driver but
will succeed on loading subsequent drivers specified.
- Due to problems with MS-DOS and <CTRL/C> interrupt
handling, if a user enters a <CTRL/C> while in DIP and
chooses to "terminate" DIP, any saved answers will not be
written to a saved answer file. The only way to produce
a saved answer file is by running DIP to completion and
saving answers "normally".
- Numerous <CTRL/C>s may cause unpredictable results.
2. The display of disk usage after copying DECnet files is
incorrect when copy path and database paths are specified to
be on different devices.
3. If installing DECnet V1.1 and DECnet V1.1 has already been
installed at least once, database files do not have to be
deleted from the DECnet default database path (for example,
*.DAT).
4. If DIP is used to install DECnet, an existing DECPARM.DAT (if
found in the specified DECnet database path) will be deleted
automatically.
2-28
SOLVING PROBLEMS, RESTRICTIONS, AND HINTS
2.19 C Programming Library
o dnet_conn():
This function's first argument is a node specification
string, such as a node name or node address. If the string
is a node address, no default access control information will
be passed with the connect request. For example, the local
node's remote node database will not be searched to find
access control information that may be set up for this remote
node address.
o It is necessary to recompile/reassemble the V1.1 library
sources and produce a new library against which utilities can
be relinked. This will help to ensure that any
inconsistencies or incompatibilities that exist from V1.0
will go away.
o The C code in the programming library uses long variable
names. Be sure that your compiler can compile such sources.
o Functions required for DECnet network I/O are documented in
__________ ____________ _________ ______
the DECnet-DOS Programmer's Reference Manual. In addition to
these documented functions, many other undocumented 'support'
functions are included as part of the C programming interface
library found on the last kit floppy (DNETLIB.SRC).
2-29
CHAPTER 3
MODEM CONTROL
The information in this chapter is provided for people who want to
know how modem control is implemented. The information is intended
for people who understand modem operations.
3.1 Using Modem Control
To use modem control for DECnet on your personal computer, you should
make sure that cables and connections conform to the EIA RS-232-C and
CCITT V.28 and V.24 standards. (Refer to Section 3.3 of this guide
for information about the cables and interface leads to use with these
standards.)
The following assumptions have been made for this release of
DECnet-DOS:
o Connections that were established before turning the line
state ON will be maintained.
o Connections that still exist when turning the line state OFF
will be maintained (unless the data set is specifically
commanded to hangup).
You should also be aware of the following information:
o In the United Kingdom (UK), the R1 relay in modem number 2B
is held up for approximately 2 seconds in order to bridge the
gaps in the ringing signal. For proper operation in calls
that are automatically answered, the 2-second hold up
requires that the amount of time from DSR=ON through DTR=OFF
and back to DSR=ON be at least 5 seconds. This will avoid a
false second call seizure. (Refer to State 7 in Figure 3-1.)
3-1
MODEM CONTROL
o It is assumed that the terminal has two modes of operation:
- data leads only (modem control signals ignored)
- full modem control (modem control signals acknowledged)
The data leads only mode is used for local connections, such
as null modem applications. The proper mode signals are
simulated internally to allow the use of a single control
flow. You can choose between the two modes by using a set-up
parameter.
3.2 Modem States
Figure 3-1 shows the different states for the modem. (State 1 and
State 2 refer to power ON and internal self test functions, and are
omitted from this diagram for purposes of clarity.)
3-2
MODEM CONTROL
Power --> on from any state except off
| ||
______state 1_ OFFLINE Line state --> hangup or Line state -->
off
| | |
| DTR --> off |
| RTS --> off |
| TXD --> mark |
| | |
| | |
| ________________________
Disconnect DECnet from
hardware COM device
Line State=on ________________________
____________________
Connect DECnet to
hardware COM device
____________________
|
___ state 3_ IDLE
DTR --> on _________________________________
RTS --> on _____________ |
____________ | |
^ | |
| | |
| Modem Control=FULL Modem Control=NULL ?
| and DSR --> on ? (Data Leads Only)
| __________state 5_ __________state 4_
| Assume
| Start 30 sec DSR --> on
| and 1 sec CD --> on
| timers CTS --> on
| __________________ __________________
| | | |
| | | |
| | >1 sec and |
| | CTS --> on and |
| | CD --> on ? _______state 6_
| | | Data Exchange
| | | _______________
3-3
MODEM CONTROL
| | | |
| | ___________state 6_
| | Data Exchange
| | Transmit if CTS=on
| | Receive if CD =on
| | ___________________
| | |
| >30 sec or |
| DSR --> off ? |
| | DSR --> off or
| | CD --> off for >2 sec ?
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | _____________state 7_
| ---------> Disconnect
| DTR --> off
| RTS --> off
| TXD --> mark
| Start 5 sec timer
| _____________________
| |
| > 5 sec ?
|________________________________|
Figure 3-1: Modem States
The following sections explain the modem states that are detailed in
Figure 3-1.
3-4
MODEM CONTROL
3.2.1 General
The general states include:
o 1, OFF, or MARK - these relate to the negative voltage at the
interface pin.
o 0, ON, or SPACE - these relate to the positive voltage at the
interface pin.
3.2.2 State 1
This state is entered at power on.
3.2.3 State 2
This state is entered if the terminal is on-line.
3.2.4 State 3
This state exits unconditionally to State 4 if the data leads only
mode is selected. If the full modem control mode is selected, State 5
is entered (as soon as Data State Ready, DSR, has come on). The wait
for DSR is untimed. State 3 is the state an on line terminal is
normally in before connection has been established.
In State 3, the Data Terminal Ready (DTR) and Request to Send (RTS)
signals are turned on. In this state, the modem can switch itself
on-line only if DTR is ON. The RTS signal is needed by some modems to
prepare the transmit channel.
NOTE
In some cases (such as private wire), it is possible
for DSR to be ON before DTR is ON. This is possible
if there is a manual connection from the modem to the
line.
3-5
MODEM CONTROL
3.2.5 State 4
In this state, the actual signals from the modem are ignored and
forced internally ON (if the data leads only mode is selected). State
6 is then entered.
3.2.6 State 5
This state is entered only after Data Set Ready (DSR) has come ON.
This indicates that the modem is on-line. The modem can come on-line
either automatically or manually. It will come on-line automatically
if there is a call coming in through the automatic answer unit of the
modem. It will come on-line manually when you switch from voice to
data after you have established an incoming or an outgoing manual
call.
Once the modem is on-line, two timers are started. The timers are
called T1 and T2. The timers operate as follows:
o T1 protects against a non-data call. This is a PTT
requirement in Germany. If no data link has been established
within 30 seconds after the modem has gone on-line (State 6),
an automatic disconnect is initiated.
o T2 protects against data transfer within the first second
after the modem has gone on-line. This avoids garbage due to
transient effects in some older modems.
If Clear to Send (CTS) and Carrier Detect (CD) have both come ON, the
link is considered established.
3.2.7 State 6
This state is the normal data exchange state of the terminal when the
call is established.
3.2.8 State 7
This is the disconnect state. The disconnect is initiated by loss of
carrier (CD) for greater than 2 seconds, or by the loss of Data Set
Ready (DSR). The terminal waits 5 seconds, then a new connection is
anticipated by entering State 3. This sequence provides a proper
disconnection for all known modems.
3-6
MODEM CONTROL
Figure 3-2 illustrates the minimum implementation of the V.24 circuits
for full duplex modem control.
INTERNAL DTE ISO 2110 MALE V.24
SIGNAL NAME CONNECTOR PIN CIRCUIT
(TYPICAL) See State 7 NUMBER NUMBER
in Figure 2-1
PROT GND ----------------TT--------> 1 PROTECTIVE GROUND 101
TxD -------------|>-----------> 2 TRANSMITTED DATA 103
RxD -------------<|-----------> 3 RECEIVED DATA 104
RTS -------------|>-----------> 4 REQUEST TO SEND 105
CTS -------------<|-----------> 5 READY FOR SENDING 106
DSR -------------<|-----------> 6 DATA SET READY 107
SIG GND --------------------------> 7 SIGNAL GROUND 102
CD -------------<|-----------> 8 RECEIVED LINE 109
CARRIER DETECT
DTR -------------|>-----------> 20 DATA TERMINAL 108/2
READY
Figure 3-2: Minimum Implementation of V.24 Circuits for Full Duplex
Modem Control
3-7
MODEM CONTROL
3.3 Interface Requirements
The following tables specify the interface leads which are required to
use DECnet-DOS in asynchronous mode, either with a direct connection
or with a modem. (The DECnet software will not monitor the modem
leads when direct connection is specified. This allows for the
connection to a remote node using a null modem, a modem eliminator, or
null modem cable. These are cables and devices which may not provide
all the signal leads required for a modem connection.)
Following each table is a list of the part numbers for the DEC EIA
RS-232 communication cables which will provide these leads.
Table 3-1: Asynchronous Mode, Direct Connection
CCITT V.24 EIA RS-232-C
Pin No. Function Circuit No. Circuit No.
1 Protective Ground 101 AA
2 Transmit Data 103 BA
3 Receive Data 104 BB
7 Signal Ground 102 AB
Communication Cables:
BC22D 6 wire null modem cable (transmit and receive leads crossed
within cable, eliminating the need for a separate null modem
device.)
BC22E 16 wire modem cable
BC22F 25 wire modem cable
BCC14 16 wire modem cable (with thumb screw connectors)
BCC04 25 wire modem cable (with thumb screw connectors)
3-8
MODEM CONTROL
Table 3-2: Asynchronous Mode, Modem Connection
CCITT V.24 EIA RS-232-C
Pin No. Function Circuit No. Circuit No.
1 Protective Ground 101 AA
2 Transmit Data 103 BA
3 Receive Data 104 BB
4 Request to Send 105 CA
5 Clear to Send 106 CB
6 Data Set Ready 107 CC
7 Signal Ground 102 AB
8 Carrier Detect 109 CF
20 Data Terminal Ready 108/2 CD
Communication Cables:
BC22E 16 wire modem cable
BC22F 25 wire modem cable
BCC14 16 wire modem cable (with thumb screw connectors)
BCC04 25 wire modem cable (with thumb screw connectors)
3-9
MODEM CONTROL
3.4 Modem Option Selections
To use a modem with the asynchronous port, the modem must be
configured to match the line characteristics used by DECnet-DOS. For
many modems these will be the standard factory settings. Table 3-3
lists some of the user-selectable options you may find on your modem.
Table 3-3: User-selectable Modem Options
Setting for Use with
Option Description DECnet-DOS
Character Length No. of bits used to 10 bits -
encode a character. 8 data bits, 1 start
bit, and 1 stop bit.
Speed Indicate/Select Indicate mode: modem Indicate mode. (Pin
indicates modem 23, CCITT V.24 111,
speed on pin 12 is never asserted and
(CCITT V.24 112). pin 12, CCITT V.24
112, is not monitored
by DECnet-DOS.)
Receive Responds to Allows modem to Enabled (if you want
RDL respond to a remote to allow a remote
digital loopback modem test).
test request.
Other selectable modem options should be set according to the modem
user's guide for the particular modem application you are using.
(Other options include a public switched line, a leased line,
asynchronous or synchronous mode, etc.).
3-10
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