480 lines
38 KiB
Plaintext
480 lines
38 KiB
Plaintext
UGANDA
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GEOGRAPHY
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Total area: 236,040 km2; land area: 199,710 km2
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Comparative area: slightly smaller than Oregon
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Land boundaries: 2,698 km total; Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan
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435 km, Tanzania 396 km, Zaire 765 km
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Coastline: none--landlocked
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Maritime claims: none--landlocked
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Climate: tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December
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to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast
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Terrain: mostly plateau with rim of mountains
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Natural resources: copper, cobalt, limestone, salt
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Land use: arable land 23%; permanent crops 9%; meadows and
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pastures 25%; forest and woodland 30%; other 13%; includes irrigated
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NEGL%
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Environment: straddles Equator; deforestation; overgrazing; soil
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erosion
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Note: landlocked
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PEOPLE
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Population: 18,690,070 (July 1991), growth rate 3.7% (1991)
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Birth rate: 51 births/1,000 population (1991)
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Death rate: 15 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
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Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
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Infant mortality rate: 94 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
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Life expectancy at birth: 50 years male, 52 years female (1991)
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Total fertility rate: 7.3 children born/woman (1991)
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Nationality: noun--Ugandan(s); adjective--Ugandan
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Ethnic divisions: African 99%, European, Asian, Arab 1%
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Religion: Roman Catholic 33%, Protestant 33%, Muslim 16%,
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rest indigenous beliefs
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Language: English (official); Luganda and Swahili widely used;
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other Bantu and Nilotic languages
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Literacy: 48% (male 62%, female 35%) age 15 and over can
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read and write (1990 est.)
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Labor force: 4,500,000 (est.); subsistence agriculture 94%, wage
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earners (est.) 6%; 50% of population of working age (1983)
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Organized labor: 125,000 union members
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GOVERNMENT
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Long-form name: Republic of Uganda
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Type: republic
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Capital: Kampala
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Administrative divisions: 10 provinces; Busoga, Central, Eastern,
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Karamoja, Nile, North Buganda, Northern, South Buganda, Southern, Western
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Independence: 9 October 1962 (from UK)
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Constitution: 8 September 1967, in process of constitutional
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revision
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Legal system: government plans to restore system based on English
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common law and customary law and reinstitute a normal judicial system;
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accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
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National holiday: Independence Day, 9 October (1962)
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Executive branch: president, prime minister, three deputy prime
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ministers, Cabinet
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Legislative branch: unicameral National Resistance Council
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Judicial branch: Court of Appeal, High Court
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Leaders:
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Chief of State--President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since
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29 January 1986); Vice President Samson Babi Mululu KISEKKA (since
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NA January 1991);
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Head of Government--Prime Minister George Cosmas ADYEBO (since NA
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January 1991)
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Political parties and leaders: only party--National Resistance
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Movement (NRM); note--the Uganda Patriotic Movement (UPM), Ugandan
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People's Congress (UPC), Democratic Party (DP), and Conservative Party
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(CP) are all proscribed from conducting public political activities
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Suffrage: universal at age 18
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Elections:
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National Resistance Council--last held 11-28 February 1989
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(next to be held after January 1995);
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results--NRM is the only party;
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seats--(278 total, 210 indirectly elected) 210 members elected
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without party affiliation
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Other political parties or pressure groups:
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Uganda People's Front (UPF),
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Uganda People's Christian Democratic Army (UPCDA),
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Ruwenzori Movement
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Communists: possibly a few sympathizers
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Member of: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA,
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IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IGADD, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT,
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INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD,
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UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Stephen Kapimpina
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KATENTA-APULI; 5909 16th Street NW, Washington DC 20011; telephone (202)
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726-7100 through 7102;
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US--Ambassador James CARSON; Embassy at Parliament
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Avenue, Kampala (mailing address is P. O. Box 7007, Kampala); telephone
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256 (41) 259792, 259793, 259795
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Flag: six equal horizonal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black,
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yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts
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a red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing the staff side
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ECONOMY
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Overview: Uganda has substantial natural resources, including
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fertile soils, regular rainfall, and sizable mineral deposits of copper
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and cobalt. The economy has been devastated by much political
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instability, mismanagement, and civil war since independence in 1962,
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keeping Uganda poor with a per capita income of about $300. (GDP remains
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below the levels of the early 1970s, as does industrial production.)
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Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing over
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80% of the work force. Coffee is the major export crop and accounts
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for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986 the government has
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acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking
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currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing
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petroleum prices, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes
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are especially aimed at dampening inflation, which was running at over
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300% in 1987, and boosting production and export earnings.
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GDP: $4.9 billion, per capita $290 (1988); real growth rate 6.1%
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(1989 est.)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices): 30% (FY90)
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Unemployment rate: NA%
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Budget: revenues $365 million; expenditures $545 million,
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including capital expenditures of $165 million (FY89 est.)
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Exports: $273 million (f.o.b., 1989);
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commodities--coffee 97%, cotton, tea;
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partners--US 25%, UK 18%, France 11%, Spain 10%
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Imports: $652 million (c.i.f., 1989);
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commodities--petroleum products, machinery, cotton piece goods,
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metals, transportation equipment, food;
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partners--Kenya 25%, UK 14%, Italy 13%
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External debt: $1.9 billion (1990 est.)
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Industrial production: growth rate 15.0% (1989 est.); accounts
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for 5% of GDP
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Electricity: 173,000 kW capacity; 312 million kWh produced,
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18 kWh per capita (1989)
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Industries: sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles, cement
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Agriculture: accounts for 57% of GDP and 83% of labor force; cash
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crops--coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco; food crops--cassava, potatoes, corn,
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millet, pulses; livestock products--beef, goat meat, milk, poultry;
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self-sufficient in food
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Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-89), $145
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million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
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(1970-88), $1.2 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $60 million;
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Communist countries (1970-89), $169 million
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Currency: Ugandan shilling (plural--shillings);
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1 Ugandan shilling (USh) = 100 cents
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Exchange rates: Ugandan shillings (USh) per US$1--563.18 (January
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1991), 428.85 (1990), 223.09 (1989), 106.14 (1988), 42.84 (1987), 14.00
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(1986), 6.72 (1985)
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Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June
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COMMUNICATIONS
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Railroads: 1,300 km, 1.000-meter-gauge single track
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Highways: 26,200 km total; 1,970 km paved; 5,849 km crushed stone,
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gravel, and laterite; remainder earth roads and tracks
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Inland waterways: Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, Lake
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George, Lake Edward; Victoria Nile, Albert Nile; principal inland water
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ports are at Jinja and Port Bell, both on Lake Victoria
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Merchant marine: 1 roll-on/roll-off cargo (1,000 GRT or over)
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totaling 1,697 GRT
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Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft
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Airports: 37 total, 28 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways;
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1 with runways over 3,659 m; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 10 with
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runways 1,220-2,439 m
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Telecommunications: fair system with radio relay and radio
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communications stations; 61,600 telephones; stations--10 AM, no FM, 9 TV;
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satellite communications ground stations--1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1
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Indian Ocean INTELSAT
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DEFENSE FORCES
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Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force
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Manpower availability: males 15-49, about 3,980,637; about 2,162,241
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fit for military service
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Defense expenditures: $68 million, 1.5% of GDP (1988)
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UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
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GEOGRAPHY
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Total area: 83,600 km2; land area: 83,600 km2
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Comparative area: slightly smaller than Maine
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Land boundaries: 1,016 km total; Oman 410 km, Saudi Arabia 586 km,
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Qatar 20 km
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Coastline: 1,448 km
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Maritime claims:
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Continental shelf: defined by bilateral boundaries or equidistant
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line
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Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;
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Territorial sea: 3 nm (assumed), 12 nm for Ash Shariqah
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(Sharjah)
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Disputes: boundary with Qatar is in dispute; no defined boundary
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with Saudi Arabia; no defined boundary with most of Oman, but
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Administrative Line in far north; claims three islands in the Persian
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Gulf occupied by Iran (Jazireh-ye Abu Musa or Abu
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Musa, Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Bozorg or Greater Tunb, and Jazireh-ye
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Tonb-e Kuchek or Lesser Tunb)
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Climate: desert; cooler in eastern mountains
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Terrain: flat, barren coastal plain merging into rolling sand
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dunes of vast desert wasteland; mountains in east
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Natural resources: crude oil and natural gas
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Land use: arable land NEGL%; permanent crops NEGL%; meadows and
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pastures 2%; forest and woodland NEGL%; other 98%; includes irrigated
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NEGL%
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Environment: frequent dust and sand storms; lack of natural
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freshwater resources being overcome by desalination plants;
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desertification
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Note: strategic location along southern approaches to
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Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil
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PEOPLE
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Population: 2,389,759 (July 1991), growth rate 5.7% (1991)
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Birth rate: 30 births/1,000 population (1991)
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Death rate: 3 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
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Net migration rate: 30 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
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Infant mortality rate: 23 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
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Life expectancy at birth: 69 years male, 74 years female (1991)
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Total fertility rate: 4.9 children born/woman (1991)
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Nationality: noun--Emirian(s), adjective--Emirian
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Ethnic divisions: Emirian 19%, other Arab 23%, South Asian
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(fluctuating) 50%, other expatriates (includes Westerners and East
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Asians) 8%; less than 20% of the population are UAE citizens (1982)
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Religion: Muslim 96% (Shia 16%); Christian, Hindu, and other
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4%
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Language: Arabic (official); Persian and English widely spoken in
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major cities; Hindi, Urdu
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Literacy: 68% (male 70%, female 63%) age 10 and over but definition
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of literacy not available (1980)
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Labor force: 580,000 (1986 est.); industry and commerce 85%,
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agriculture 5%, services 5%, government 5%; 80% of labor force is foreign
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Organized labor: trade unions are illegal
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GOVERNMENT
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Long-form name: United Arab Emirates (no short-form name);
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abbreviated UAE
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Type: federation with specified powers delegated to the UAE central
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government and other powers reserved to member emirates
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Capital: Abu Dhabi
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Administrative divisions: 7 emirates (imarat,
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singular--imarah); Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi), Ajman, Al Fujayrah,
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Ash Shariqah, Dubayy, Ras al Khaymah, Umm al Qaywayn
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Independence: 2 December 1971 (from UK; formerly Trucial States)
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Constitution: 2 December 1971 (provisional)
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Legal system: secular codes are being introduced by the UAE
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Government and in several member shaykhdoms; Islamic law remains
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influential
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National holiday: National Day, 2 December (1971)
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Executive branch: president, vice president, Supreme Council of
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Rulers, prime minister, Council of Ministers
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Legislative branch: unicameral Federal National Council (Majlis
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Watani Itihad)
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Judicial branch: Union Supreme Court
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Leaders:
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Chief of State--President Shaykh Zayid bin Sultan Al NUHAYYAN,
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(since 2 December 1971), ruler of Abu Dhabi;
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Vice President Shaykh Maktum bin Rashid al-MAKTUM (since 8 October 1990),
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ruler of Dubayy;
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Head of Government--Prime Minister Shaykh Maktum bin Rashid
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al-MAKTUM (since 8 October 1990), ruler of Dubayy;
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Deputy Prime Minister Sultan bin Zayid Al NUHAYYAN (since 20 November
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1990)
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Political parties and leaders: none
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Suffrage: none
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Elections: none
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Communists: NA
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Other political or pressure groups: a few small clandestine
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groups are active
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Member of: ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77,
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GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT,
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INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAPEC,
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OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Abdullah bin Zayid
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Al NUHAYYAN; Chancery at Suite 740, 600 New Hampshire Avenue NW,
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Washington DC 20037; telephone (202) 338-6500;
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US--Ambassador Edward S. WALKER, Jr.; Embassy at Al-Sudan Street,
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Abu Dhabi (mailing address is P. O. Box 4009, Abu Dhabi); telephone 971
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(2) 336691; there is a US Consulate General in Dubayy (Dubai)
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Flag: three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and black
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with a thicker vertical red band on the hoist side
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ECONOMY
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Overview: The UAE has an open economy with one of the world's
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highest incomes per capita outside the OECD nations. This wealth is based
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on oil and gas, and the fortunes of the economy fluctuate with the prices
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of those commodities. Since 1973, when petroleum prices shot up, the UAE
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has undergone a profound transformation from an impoverished region of
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small desert principalities to a modern state with a high standard of
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living. At present levels of production, crude oil reserves should last
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for over 100 years.
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GDP: $27.3 billion, per capita $12,100; real growth rate 10%
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(1989 est.)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3-4% (1989 est.)
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Unemployment rate: NEGL (1988)
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Budget: revenues $3.8 billion; expenditures $3.7 billion,
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including capital expenditures of $NA (1989 est.)
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Exports: $15.0 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.);
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commodities--crude oil 65%, natural gas, reexports, dried fish,
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dates;
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partners--US, EC, Japan
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Imports: $9.0 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.);
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commodities--food, consumer and capital goods;
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partners--EC, Japan, US
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External debt: $11.0 billion (December 1989 est.)
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Industrial production: growth rate - 9.3% (1986)
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Electricity: 5,773,000 kW capacity; 15,400 million kWh produced,
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6,830 kWh per capita (1990)
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Industries: petroleum, fishing, petrochemicals, construction
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materials, some boat building, handicrafts, pearling
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Agriculture: accounts for 2% of GNP and 5% of labor force; cash
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crop--dates; food products--vegetables, watermelons, poultry, eggs,
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dairy, fish; only 25% self-sufficient in food
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Economic aid: donor--pledged $9.1 billion in bilateral aid to less
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developed countries (1979-89)
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Currency: Emirian dirham (plural--dirhams);
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1 Emirian dirham (Dh) = 100 fils
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Exchange rates: Emirian dirhams (Dh) per US$1--3.6710 (fixed rate)
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Fiscal year: calendar year
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COMMUNICATIONS
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Highways: 2,000 km total; 1,800 km bituminous, 200 km gravel and
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graded earth
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Pipelines: 830 km crude oil; 870 km natural gas, including natural
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gas liquids
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Ports: Al Fujayrah, Khawr Fakkan, Mina Jabal Ali,
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Mina Khalid, Mina Rashid, Mina Saqr,
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Mina Zayid
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Merchant marine: 57 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 925,424
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GRT/1,543,716 DWT; includes 22 cargo, 8 container, 2 roll-on/roll-off
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cargo, 20 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 5 bulk
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Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft
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Airports: 38 total, 35 usable; 20 with permanent-surface runways;
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7 with runways over 3,659 m; 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 5 with runways
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1,220-2,439 m
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Telecommunications: adequate system of radio relay and coaxial
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cable; key centers are Abu Dhabi and Dubayy; 386,600 telephones;
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stations--8 AM, 3 FM, 12 TV; satellite communications ground
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stations--1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT, 2 Indian Ocean INTELSAT and 1
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ARABSAT; submarine cables to Qatar, Bahrain, India, and Pakistan;
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tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; radio relay to Saudi Arabia
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DEFENSE FORCES
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Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Federal Police Force
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Manpower availability: males 15-49, 940,130; 516,218 fit for
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military service
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