267 lines
21 KiB
Plaintext
267 lines
21 KiB
Plaintext
TANZANIA
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GEOGRAPHY
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Total area: 945,090 km2; land area: 886,040 km2; includes the
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islands of Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar
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Comparative area: slightly larger than twice the size of California
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Land boundaries: 3,402 km total; Burundi 451 km, Kenya 769 km,
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Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia
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338 km
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Coastline: 1,424 km
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Maritime claims:
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Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;
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Territorial sea: 12 nm
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Disputes: boundary dispute with Malawi in Lake Nyasa;
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Tanzania-Zaire-Zambia tripoint in Lake Tanganyika may no longer be
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indefinite since it is reported that the indefinite section of the
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Zaire-Zambia boundary has been settled
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Climate: varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands
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Terrain: plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north,
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south
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Natural resources: hydropower potential, tin, phosphates,
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iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel
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Land use: arable land 5%; permanent crops 1%; meadows and pastures
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40%; forest and woodland 47%; other 7%; includes irrigated NEGL%
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Environment: lack of water and tsetse fly limit agriculture; recent
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droughts affected marginal agriculture; Kilimanjaro is highest point in
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Africa
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PEOPLE
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Population: 26,869,175 (July 1991), growth rate 3.4% (1991)
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Birth rate: 50 births/1,000 population (1991)
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Death rate: 15 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
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Net migration rate: - 1 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
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Infant mortality rate: 105 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
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Life expectancy at birth: 50 years male, 55 years female (1991)
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Total fertility rate: 7.0 children born/woman (1991)
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Nationality: noun--Tanzanian(s); adjective--Tanzanian
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Ethnic divisions: mainland--native African consisting of well over
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100 tribes 99%; Asian, European, and Arab 1%
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Religion:
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mainland--Christian 33%, Muslim 33%, indigenous beliefs 33%;
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Zanzibar--almost all Muslim
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Language: Swahili and English (official); English primary language
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of commerce, administration, and higher education; Swahili widely
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understood and generally used for communication between ethnic groups;
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first language of most people is one of the local languages; primary
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education is generally in Swahili
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Literacy: 46% (male 62%, female 31%) age 15 and over can
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read and write (1978)
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Labor force: 732,200 wage earners; 90% agriculture, 10% industry
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and commerce (1986 est.)
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Organized labor: 15% of labor force
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GOVERNMENT
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Long-form name: United Republic of Tanzania
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Type: republic
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Capital: Dar es Salaam; some government offices have been
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transferred to Dodoma, which is planned as the new national capital in
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the 1990s
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Administrative divisions: 25 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam,
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Dodoma, Iringa, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Lindi, Mara, Mbeya, Morogoro,
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Mtwara, Mwanza, Pemba North, Pemba South, Pwani, Rukwa, Ruvuma,
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Shinyanga, Singida, Tabora, Tanga, Zanzibar Central/South, Zanzibar
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North, Zanzibar Urban/West, Ziwa Magharibi
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Independence: Tanganyika became independent 9 December 1961 (from
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UN trusteeship under British administration); Zanzibar became independent
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19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with Zanzibar 26 April 1964
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to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed United
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Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964
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Constitution: 15 March 1984 (Zanzibar has its own Constitution but
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remains subject to provisions of the union Constitution)
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Legal system: based on English common law; judicial review of
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legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted
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compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
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National holiday: Union Day, 26 April (1964)
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Executive branch: president, first vice president and prime
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minister of the union, second vice president and president of Zanzibar,
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Cabinet
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Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Bunge)
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Judicial branch: Court of Appeal, High Court
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Leaders:
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Chief of State--President Ali Hassan MWINYI (since 5 November
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1985); First Vice President John MALECELA (since 9 November 1990);
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Second Vice President Salmin AMOUR (since 9 November 1990);
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Head of Government--Prime Minister John MALECELA (since 9
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November 1990)
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Political parties and leaders: only party--Chama Cha MAPINDUZI
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(CCM or Revolutionary Party), Ali Hassan MWINYI, party chairman
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Suffrage: universal at age 18
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Elections:
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President--last held 28 October 1990 (next to be held
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October 1995);
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results--Ali Hassan MWINYI was elected without opposition;
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National Assembly--last held 28 October 1990 (next to be held
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October 1995);
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results--CCM is the only party;
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seats--(241 total, 168 elected) CCM 168
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Communists: no Communist party; a few Communist sympathizers
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Member of: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, FLS, G-6, G-77,
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GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT,
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INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNCTAD,
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UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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Diplomatic representation: Ambassador-designate Charles Musama
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NYIRABU; Chancery at 2139 R Street NW, Washington DC 20008;
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telephone (202) 939-6125;
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US--Ambassador Edmund DE JARNETTE; Embassy at 36 Laibon Road (off
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Bagamoyo Road), Dar es Salaam (mailing address is P. O. Box 9123,
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Dar es Salaam); telephone 255 (51) 37501 through 37504
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Flag: divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the
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lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the
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lower triangle is blue
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ECONOMY
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Overview: Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world.
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The economy is heavily dependent on agriculture, which accounts for about
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47% of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs 90% of the work force.
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Industry accounts for 8% of GDP and is mainly limited to processing
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agricultural products and light consumer goods. The economic
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recovery program announced in mid-1986 has generated notable increases in
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agricultural production and financial support for the program by
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bilateral donors. The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund have
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increased the availability of imports and provided funds to rehabilitate
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Tanzania's deteriorated economic infrastructure.
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GDP: $5.92 billion, per capita $240; real growth rate 4.3%
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(FY89 est.)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices): 31.2 (1989)
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Unemployment rate: NA%
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Budget: revenues $495 million; expenditures $631 million,
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including capital expenditures of $118 million (FY90)
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Exports: $380 million (f.o.b., 1989);
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commodities--coffee, cotton, sisal, tea, cashew nuts, meat,
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tobacco, diamonds, coconut products, pyrethrum, cloves (Zanzibar);
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partners--FRG, UK, Japan, Netherlands, Kenya, Hong Kong, US
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Imports: $1.2 billion (c.i.f., 1989);
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commodities--manufactured goods, machinery and transportation
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equipment, cotton piece goods, crude oil, foodstuffs;
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partners--FRG, UK, US, Japan, Italy, Denmark
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External debt: $5.8 billion (December 1990 est.)
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Industrial production: growth rate 4.2% (1988); accounts for
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8% of GDP
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Electricity: 401,000 kW capacity; 895 million kWh produced,
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35 kWh per capita (1989)
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Industries: primarily agricultural processing (sugar, beer,
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cigarettes, sisal twine), diamond mine, oil refinery, shoes, cement,
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textiles, wood products, fertilizer
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Agriculture: accounts for over 40% of GDP; topography and climatic
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conditions limit cultivated crops to only 5% of land area; cash
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crops--coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from
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chrysanthemums), cashews, tobacco, cloves (Zanzibar); food crops--corn,
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wheat, cassava, bananas, fruits, and vegetables; small numbers of cattle,
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sheep, and goats; not self-sufficient in food grain production
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Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $400
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million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
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(1970-88), $9.2 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $44 million;
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Communist countries (1970-89), $614 million
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Currency: Tanzanian shilling (plural--shillings);
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1 Tanzanian shilling (TSh) = 100 cents
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Exchange rates: Tanzanian shillings (TSh) per US$1--196.60
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(January 1991), 195.06 (1990), 143.377 (1989), 99.292 (1988), 64.260
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(1987), 32.698 (1986), 17.472 (1985)
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Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June
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COMMUNICATIONS
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Railroads: 3,555 km total; 960 km 1.067-meter gauge; 2,595 km
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1.000-meter gauge, 6.4 km double track, 962 km Tazara Railroad
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1.067-meter gauge; 115 km 1.000-meter gauge planned by end of decade
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Highways: total 81,900 km, 3,600 km paved; 5,600 km gravel or
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crushed stone; remainder improved and unimproved earth
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Pipelines: 982 km crude oil
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Inland waterways: Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, Lake Nyasa
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Ports: Dar es Salaam, Mtwara, Tanga, and Zanzibar are ocean ports;
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Mwanza on Lake Victoria and Kigoma on Lake Tanganyika are inland ports
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Merchant marine: 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 20,784
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GRT/25,860 DWT; includes 2 passenger-cargo, 3 cargo, 1 roll-on/roll-off
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cargo, 1 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker
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Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft
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Airports: 105 total, 93 usable; 12 with permanent-surface runways;
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none with runways over 3,659 m; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m;
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44 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
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Telecommunications: fair system of open wire, radio relay, and
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troposcatter; 103,800 telephones; stations--12 AM, 4 FM, 2 TV; 1
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Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth station
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DEFENSE FORCES
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Branches: Tanzanian People's Defense Force (TPDF; including Army,
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Navy, and Air Force); paramilitary Police Field Force Unit; Militia
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Manpower availability: males 15-49, 5,545,022; 3,200,744 fit for
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military service
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Defense expenditures: $111 million, 3.9% of GDP (1988)
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