250 lines
20 KiB
Plaintext
250 lines
20 KiB
Plaintext
KENYA
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GEOGRAPHY
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Total area: 582,650 km2; land area: 569,250 km2
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Comparative area: slightly more than twice the size of Nevada
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Land boundaries: 3,477 km total; Ethiopia 861 km, Somalia 682 km,
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Sudan 232 km, Tanzania 769 km, Uganda 933 km
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Coastline: 536 km
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Maritime claims:
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Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;
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Territorial sea: 12 nm
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Disputes: administrative boundary with Sudan does not coincide
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with international boundary; possible claim by Somalia based on
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unification of ethnic Somalis
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Climate: varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior
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Terrain: low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great
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Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west
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Natural resources: gold, limestone, soda ash, salt barytes,
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rubies, fluorspar, garnets, wildlife
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Land use: arable land 3%; permanent crops 1%; meadows and pastures
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7%; forest and woodland 4%; other 85%; includes irrigated NEGL%
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Environment: unique physiography supports abundant and varied
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wildlife of scientific and economic value; deforestation; soil erosion;
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desertification; glaciers on Mt. Kenya
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Note: Kenyan Highlands one of the most successful agricultural
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production regions in Africa
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PEOPLE
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Population: 25,241,978 (July 1991), growth rate 3.6% (1991)
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Birth rate: 45 births/1,000 population (1991)
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Death rate: 8 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
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Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
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Infant mortality rate: 69 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
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Life expectancy at birth: 60 years male, 64 years female (1991)
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Total fertility rate: 6.4 children born/woman (1991)
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Nationality: noun--Kenyan(s); adjective--Kenyan
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Ethnic divisions: Kikuyu 21%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 11%,
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Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru 6%, Asian, European, and Arab 1%
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Religion: Protestant 38%, Roman Catholic 28%, indigenous beliefs
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26%, Muslim 6%
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Language: English and Swahili (official); numerous indigenous
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languages
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Literacy: 69% (male 80%, female 58%) age 15 and over can
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read and write (1990 est.)
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Labor force: 9.2 million (includes unemployed); the total
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employed is 1.37 million (14.8% of the labor force); services
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54.8%, industry 26.2%, agriculture 19.0% (1989)
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Organized labor: 390,000 (est.)
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GOVERNMENT
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Long-form name: Republic of Kenya
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Type: republic
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Capital: Nairobi
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Administrative divisions: 7 provinces and 1 area*; Central, Coast,
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Eastern, Nairobi Area*, North-Eastern, Nyanza, Rift Valley, Western
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Independence: 12 December 1963 (from UK; formerly British East
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Africa)
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Constitution: 12 December 1963, amended as a republic 1964;
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reissued with amendments 1979, 1983, 1986, and 1988
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Legal system: based on English common law, tribal law, and Islamic
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law; judicial review in High Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction,
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with reservations; constitutional amendment in 1982 made Kenya a de jure
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one-party state
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National holiday: Independence Day, 12 December (1963)
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Executive branch: president, vice president, Cabinet
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Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Bunge)
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Judicial branch: Court of Appeal, High Court
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Leaders:
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Chief of State and Head of Government--President Daniel Teroitich
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arap MOI (since 14 October 1978); Vice President George SAITOTI
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(since 10 May 1989)
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Political parties and leaders: only party--Kenya African National
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Union (KANU), Daniel T. arap MOI, president
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Suffrage: universal at age 18
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Elections:
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President--last held on 21 March 1988 (next to be held
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by March 1993);
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results--President Daniel T. arap MOI was reelected;
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National Assembly--last held on 21 March 1988
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(next to be held by March 1993); results--KANU is the only party;
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seats--(202 total, 188 elected) KANU 200
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Communists: may be a few Communists and sympathizers
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Other political or pressure groups: labor unions; exile
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opposition--Mwakenya and other groups
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Member of: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA,
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IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IGADD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL,
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IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIIMOG,
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UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Denis Daudi AFANDE; Chancery
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at 2249 R Street NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202) 387-6101; there
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are Kenyan Consulates General in Los Angeles and New York;
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US--Ambassador Smith HEMPSTONE, Jr.; Embassy at the corner of Moi
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Avenue and Haile Selassie Avenue, Nairobi (mailing address is P. O. Box
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30137, Nairobi or APO New York 09675); telephone 254 (2) 334141; there
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is a US Consulate in Mombasa
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Flag: three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green;
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the red band is edged in white; a large warrior's shield covering crossed
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spears is superimposed at the center
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ECONOMY
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Overview: A serious underlying economic problem is Kenya's 3.6%
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annual population growth rate--one of the highest in the world. In the
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meantime, GDP growth in the near term has kept slightly ahead of
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population--annually averaging 4.9% in the 1986-90 period. Undependable
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weather conditions and a shortage of arable land hamper long-term
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growth in agriculture, the leading economic sector.
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GDP: $8.5 billion, per capita $360; real growth rate 4% (1990
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est.)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices): 10.9% (1990 est.)
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Unemployment rate: NA%, but there is a high level of unemployment
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and underemployment
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Budget: revenues $2.0 billion; expenditures $2.3 billion, including
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capital expenditures of $NA billion (FY89)
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Exports: $1.1 billion (f.o.b., 1990 est.);
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commodities--tea 25%, coffee 21%, petroleum products 7% (1989);
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partners--EC 44%, Africa 25%, Asia 5%, US 5%, Middle East 4% (1988)
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Imports: $2.4 billion (c.i.f., 1990 est.);
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commodities--machinery and transportation equipment 29%,
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petroleum and petroleum products 15%, iron and steel 7%,
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raw materials, food and consumer goods (1989 est.);
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partners--EC 45%, Asia 11%, Middle East 12%, US 5% (1988)
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External debt: $5.8 billion (December 1990 est.)
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Industrial production: growth rate 5.4% (1989 est.); accounts
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for 17% of GDP
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Electricity: 730,000 kW capacity; 2,700 million kWh produced,
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110 kWh per capita (1990)
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Industries: small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture,
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batteries, textiles, soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural processing,
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oil refining, cement, tourism
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Agriculture: most important sector, accounting for 29% of GDP,
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about 80% of the work force, and over 50% of exports; cash
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crops--coffee, tea, sisal, pineapple; food products--corn, wheat,
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sugarcane, fruit, vegetables, dairy products; food output not keeping
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pace with population growth
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Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis used mostly for
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domestic consumption; widespread cultivation of cannabis and qat on
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small plots; transit country for heroin and methaqualone en route
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from Southwest Asia to West Africa, Western Europe, and the US
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Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $839
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million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
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(1970-88), $6.7 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $74 million;
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Communist countries (1970-89), $83 million
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Currency: Kenyan shilling (plural--shillings);
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1 Kenyan shilling (KSh) = 100 cents
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Exchange rates: Kenyan shillings (KSh) per US$1--24.427 (January
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1991), 22.915 (1990), 20.572 (1989), 17.747 (1988), 16.454 (1987), 16.226
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(1986), 16.432 (1985)
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Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June
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COMMUNICATIONS
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Railroads: 2,040 km 1.000-meter gauge
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Highways: 64,590 km total; 7,000 km paved, 4,150 km gravel,
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remainder improved earth
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Inland waterways: part of Lake Victoria system is within boundaries
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of Kenya; principal inland port is at Kisumu
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Pipelines: refined products, 483 km
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Ports: Mombasa, Lamu
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Civil air: 14 major transport aircraft
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Airports: 249 total, 213 usable; 22 with permanent-surface runways;
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2 with runways over 3,659 m; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 47 with
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runways 1,220-2,439 m
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Telecommunications: in top group of African systems; consists of
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radio relay links, open-wire lines, and radiocommunication stations;
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260,000 telephones; stations--11 AM, 4 FM, 4 TV; satellite earth
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stations--1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1 Indian Ocean INTLESAT
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DEFENSE FORCES
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Branches: Kenya Army, Kenya Navy, Air Force, paramilitary General
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Service Unit of the Police
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Manpower availability: males 15-49, 5,444,247; 3,362,290 fit for
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military service; no conscription
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Defense expenditures: $100 million, 1.0% of GDP (1989 est.)
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