451 lines
26 KiB
Plaintext
451 lines
26 KiB
Plaintext
Urantia Book Paper 88 Fetishes, Charms, And Magic
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SPIRITWEB ORG, PROMOTING SPIRITUAL CONSCIOUSNESS ON THE INTERNET.
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Subjects Archive The Urantia Book Urantia Book PART III: The History of Urantia
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: The Origin Of Urantia Life Establishment On Urantia The Marine-life Era On
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Urantia Urantia During The Early Land-life Era The Mammalian Era On Urantia The
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Dawn Races Of Early Man The First Human Family The Evolutionary Races Of Color
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The Overcontrol Of Evolution The Planetary Prince Of Urantia The Planetary
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Rebellion The Dawn Of Civilization Primitive Human Institutions The Evolution
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Of Human Government Development Of The State Government On A Neighboring Planet
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The Garden Of Eden Adam And Eve The Default Of Adam And Eve The Second Garden
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The Midway Creatures The Violet Race After The Days Of Adam Andite Expansion In
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The Orient Andite Expansion In The Occident Development Of Modern Civilization
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The Evolution Of Marriage The Marriage Institution Marriage And Family Life The
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Origins Of Worship Early Evolution Of Religion The Ghost Cults Fetishes,
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Charms, And Magic Sin, Sacrifice, And Atonement Shamanism--medicine Men And
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Priests The Evolution Of Prayer The Later Evolution Of Religion Machiventa
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Melchizedek The Melchizedek Teachings In The Orient The Melchizedek Teachings
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In The Levant Yahweh--god Of The Hebrews Evolution Of The God Concept Among The
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Hebrews The Melchizedek Teachings In The Occident The Social Problems Of
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Religion Religion In Human Experience The Real Nature Of Religion The
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Foundations Of Religious Faith The Reality Of Religious Experience Growth Of
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The Trinity Concept Deity And Reality Universe Levels Of Reality Origin And
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Nature Of Thought Adjusters Mission And Ministry Of Thought Adjusters Relation
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Of Adjusters To Universe Creatures Relation Of Adjusters To Individual Mortals
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...
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Paper 88 Fetishes, Charms, And Magic
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Introduction
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THE concept of a spirit's entering into an inanimate object, an animal, or a
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human being, is a very ancient and honorable belief, having prevailed since the
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beginning of the evolution of religion. This doctrine of spirit possession is
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nothing more nor less than fetishism. The savage does not necessarily worship
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the fetish; he very logically worships and reverences the spirit resident
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therein.
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At first, the spirit of a fetish was believed to be the ghost of a dead man;
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later on, the higher spirits were supposed to reside in fetishes. And so the
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fetish cult eventually incorporated all of the primitive ideas of ghosts,
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souls, spirits, and demon possession.
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1. BELIEF IN FETISHES
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Primitive man always wanted to make anything extraordinary into a fetish;
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chance therefore gave origin to many. A man is sick, something happens, and he
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gets well. The same thing is true of the reputation of many medicines and the
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chance methods of treating disease. Objects connected with dreams were likely
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to be converted into fetishes. Volcanoes, but not mountains, became fetishes;
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comets, but not stars. Early man regarded shooting stars and meteors as
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indicating the arrival on earth of special visiting spirits.
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The first fetishes were peculiarly marked pebbles, and "sacred stones" have
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ever since been sought by man; a string of beads was once a collection of
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sacred stones, a battery of charms. Many tribes had fetish stones, but few have
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survived as have the Kaaba and the Stone of Scone. Fire and water were also
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among the early fetishes, and fire worship, together with belief in holy water,
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still survives.
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Tree fetishes were a later development, but among some tribes the persistence
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of nature worship led to belief in charms indwelt by some sort of nature
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spirit. When plants and fruits became fetishes, they were taboo as food. The
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apple was among the first to fall into this category; it was never eaten by the
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Levantine peoples.
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If an animal ate human flesh, it became a fetish. In this way the dog came to
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be the sacred animal of the Parsees. If the fetish is an animal and the ghost
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is permanently resident therein, then fetishism may impinge on reincarnation.
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In many ways the savages envied the animals; they did not feel superior to them
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and were often named after their favorite beasts.
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When animals became fetishes, there ensued the taboos on eating the flesh of
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the fetish animal. Apes and monkeys, because of resemblance to man, early
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became fetish animals; later, snakes, birds, and swine were also similarly
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regarded.
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top of page - 968
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At one time the cow was a fetish, the milk being taboo while the excreta were
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highly esteemed. The serpent was revered in Palestine, especially by the
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Phoenicians, who, along with the Jews, considered it to be the mouthpiece of
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evil spirits. Even many moderns believe in the charm powers of reptiles. From
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Arabia on through India to the snake dance of the Moqui tribe of red men the
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serpent has been revered.
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Certain days of the week were fetishes. For ages Friday has been regarded as an
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unlucky day and the number thirteen as an evil numeral. The lucky numbers three
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and seven came from later revelations; four was the lucky number of primitive
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man and was derived from the early recognition of the four points of the
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compass. It was held unlucky to count cattle or other possessions; the ancients
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always opposed the taking of a census, "numbering the people."
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Primitive man did not make an undue fetish out of sex; the reproductive
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function received only a limited amount of attention. The savage was natural
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minded, not obscene or prurient.
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Saliva was a potent fetish; devils could be driven out by spitting on a person.
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For an elder or superior to spit on one was the highest compliment. Parts of
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the human body were looked upon as potential fetishes, particularly the hair
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and nails. The long-growing fingernails of the chiefs were highly prized, and
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the trimmings thereof were a powerful fetish. Belief in skull fetishes accounts
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for much of later-day head-hunting. The umbilical cord was a highly prized
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fetish; even today it is so regarded in Africa. Mankind's first toy was a
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preserved umbilical cord. Set with pearls, as was often done, it was man's
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first necklace.
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Hunchbacked and crippled children were regarded as fetishes; lunatics were
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believed to be moon-struck. Primitive man could not distinguish between genius
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and insanity; idiots were either beaten to death or revered as fetish
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personalities. Hysteria increasingly confirmed the popular belief in
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witchcraft; epileptics often were priests and medicine men. Drunkenness was
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looked upon as a form of spirit possession; when a savage went on a spree, he
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put a leaf in his hair for the purpose of disavowing responsibility for his
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acts. Poisons and intoxicants became fetishes; they were deemed to be
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possessed.
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Many people looked upon geniuses as fetish personalities possessed by a wise
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spirit. And these talented humans soon learned to resort to fraud and trickery
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for the advancement of their selfish interests. A fetish man was thought to be
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more than human; he was divine, even infallible. Thus did chiefs, kings,
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priests, prophets, and church rulers eventually wield great power and exercise
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unbounded authority.
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2. EVOLUTION OF THE FETISH
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It was a supposed preference of ghosts to indwell some object which had
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belonged to them when alive in the flesh. This belief explains the efficacy of
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many modern relics. The ancients always revered the bones of their leaders, and
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the skeletal remains of saints and heroes are still regarded with superstitious
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awe by many. Even today, pilgrimages are made to the tombs of great men.
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Belief in relics is an outgrowth of the ancient fetish cult. The relics of
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modern religions represent an attempt to rationalize the fetish of the savage
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and thus elevate it to a place of dignity and respectability in the modern
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religious systems. It is heathenish to believe in fetishes and magic but
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supposedly all right to accept relics and miracles.
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top of page - 969
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The hearth--fireplace--became more or less of a fetish, a sacred spot. The
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shrines and temples were at first fetish places because the dead were buried
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there. The fetish hut of the Hebrews was elevated by Moses to that place where
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it harbored a superfetish, the then existent concept of the law of God. But the
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Israelites never gave up the peculiar Canaanite belief in the stone altar: "And
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this stone which I have set up as a pillar shall be God's house." They truly
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believed that the spirit of their God dwelt in such stone altars, which were in
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reality fetishes.
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The earliest images were made to preserve the appearance and memory of the
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illustrious dead; they were really monuments. Idols were a refinement of
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fetishism. The primitives believed that a ceremony of consecration caused the
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spirit to enter the image; likewise, when certain objects were blessed, they
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became charms.
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Moses, in the addition of the second commandment to the ancient Dalamatian
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moral code, made an effort to control fetish worship among the Hebrews. He
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carefully directed that they should make no sort of image that might become
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consecrated as a fetish. He made it plain, "You shall not make a graven image
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or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or on the earth beneath,
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or in the waters of the earth." While this commandment did much to retard art
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among the Jews, it did lessen fetish worship. But Moses was too wise to attempt
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suddenly to displace the olden fetishes, and he therefore consented to the
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putting of certain relics alongside the law in the combined war altar and
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religious shrine which was the ark.
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Words eventually became fetishes, more especially those which were regarded as
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God's words; in this way the sacred books of many religions have become
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fetishistic prisons incarcerating the spiritual imagination of man. Moses' very
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effort against fetishes became a supreme fetish; his commandment was later used
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to stultify art and to retard the enjoyment and adoration of the beautiful.
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In olden times the fetish word of authority was a fear-inspiring doctrine, the
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most terrible of all tyrants which enslave men. A doctrinal fetish will lead
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mortal man to betray himself into the clutches of bigotry, fanaticism,
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superstition, intolerance, and the most atrocious of barbarous cruelties.
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Modern respect for wisdom and truth is but the recent escape from the
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fetish-making tendency up to the higher levels of thinking and reasoning.
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Concerning the accumulated fetish writings which various religionists hold as
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sacred books, it is not only believed that what is in the book is true, but
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also that every truth is contained in the book. If one of these sacred books
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happens to speak of the earth as being flat, then, for long generations,
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otherwise sane men and women will refuse to accept positive evidence that the
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planet is round.
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The practice of opening one of these sacred books to let the eye chance upon a
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passage, the following of which may determine important life decisions or
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projects, is nothing more nor less than arrant fetishism. To take an oath on a
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"holy book" or to swear by some object of supreme veneration is a form of
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refined fetishism.
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But it does represent real evolutionary progress to advance from the fetish
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fear of a savage chief's fingernail trimmings to the adoration of a superb
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collection of letters, laws, legends, allegories, myths, poems, and chronicles
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which, after all, reflect the winnowed moral wisdom of many centuries, at least
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up to the time and event of their being assembled as a "sacred book."
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top of page - 970
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To become fetishes, words had to be considered inspired, and the invocation of
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supposed divinely inspired writings led directly to the establishment of the
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authority of the church, while the evolution of civil forms led to the fruition
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of the authority of the state.
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3. TOTEMISM
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Fetishism ran through all the primitive cults from the earliest belief in
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sacred stones, through idolatry, cannibalism, and nature worship, to totemism.
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Totemism is a combination of social and religious observances. Originally it
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was thought that respect for the totem animal of supposed biologic origin
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insured the food supply. Totems were at one and the same time symbols of the
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group and their god. Such a god was the clan personified. Totemism was one
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phase of the attempted socialization of otherwise personal religion. The totem
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eventually evolved into the flag, or national symbol, of the various modern
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peoples.
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A fetish bag, a medicine bag, was a pouch containing a reputable assortment of
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ghost-impregnated articles, and the medicine man of old never allowed his bag,
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the symbol of his power, to touch the ground. Civilized peoples in the
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twentieth century see to it that their flags, emblems of national
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consciousness, likewise never touch the ground.
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The insignia of priestly and kingly office were eventually regarded as
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fetishes, and the fetish of the state supreme has passed through many stages of
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development, from clans to tribes, from suzerainty to sovereignty, from totems
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to flags. Fetish kings have ruled by "divine right," and many other forms of
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government have obtained. Men have also made a fetish of democracy, the
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exaltation and adoration of the common man's ideas when collectively called
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"public opinion." One man's opinion, when taken by itself, is not regarded as
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worth much, but when many men are collectively functioning as a democracy, this
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same mediocre judgment is held to be the arbiter of justice and the standard of
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righteousness.
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4. MAGIC
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Civilized man attacks the problems of a real environment through his science;
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savage man attempted to solve the real problems of an illusory ghost
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environment by magic. Magic was the technique of manipulating the conjectured
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spirit environment whose machinations endlessly explained the inexplicable; it
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was the art of obtaining voluntary spirit co-operation and of coercing
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involuntary spirit aid through the use of fetishes or other and more powerful
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spirits.
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The object of magic, sorcery, and necromancy was twofold:
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1. To secure insight into the future.
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2. Favorably to influence environment.
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The objects of science are identical with those of magic. Mankind is
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progressing from magic to science, not by meditation and reason, but rather
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through long experience, gradually and painfully. Man is gradually backing into
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the truth, beginning in error, progressing in error, and finally attaining the
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threshold of truth. Only with the arrival of the scientific method has he faced
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forward. But primitive man had to experiment or perish.
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The fascination of early superstition was the mother of the later scientific
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curiosity. There was progressive dynamic emotion--fear plus curiosity--in these
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top of page - 971
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primitive superstitions; there was progressive driving power in the olden
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magic. These superstitions represented the emergence of the human desire to
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know and to control planetary environment.
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Magic gained such a strong hold upon the savage because he could not grasp the
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concept of natural death. The later idea of original sin helped much to weaken
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the grip of magic on the race in that it accounted for natural death. It was at
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one time not at all uncommon for ten innocent persons to be put to death
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because of supposed responsibility for one natural death. This is one reason
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why ancient peoples did not increase faster, and it is still true of some
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African tribes. The accused individual usually confessed guilt, even when
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facing death.
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Magic is natural to a savage. He believes that an enemy can actually be killed
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by practicing sorcery on his shingled hair or fingernail trimmings. The
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fatality of snake bites was attributed to the magic of the sorcerer. The
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difficulty in combating magic arises from the fact that fear can kill.
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Primitive peoples so feared magic that it did actually kill, and such results
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were sufficient to substantiate this erroneous belief. In case of failure there
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was always some plausible explanation; the cure for defective magic was more
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magic.
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5. MAGICAL CHARMS
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Since anything connected with the body could become a fetish, the earliest
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magic had to do with hair and nails. Secrecy attendant upon body elimination
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grew up out of fear that an enemy might get possession of something derived
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from the body and employ it in detrimental magic; all excreta of the body were
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therefore carefully buried. Public spitting was refrained from because of the
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fear that saliva would be used in deleterious magic; spittle was always
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covered. Even food remnants, clothing, and ornaments could become instruments
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of magic. The savage never left any remnants of his meal on the table. And all
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this was done through fear that one's enemies might use these things in magical
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rites, not from any appreciation of the hygienic value of such practices.
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Magical charms were concocted from a great variety of things: human flesh,
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tiger claws, crocodile teeth, poison plant seeds, snake venom, and human hair.
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The bones of the dead were very magical. Even the dust from footprints could be
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used in magic. The ancients were great believers in love charms. Blood and
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other forms of bodily secretions were able to insure the magic influence of
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love.
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Images were supposed to be effective in magic. Effigies were made, and when
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treated ill or well, the same effects were believed to rest upon the real
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person. When making purchases, superstitious persons would chew a bit of hard
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wood in order to soften the heart of the seller.
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The milk of a black cow was highly magical; so also were black cats. The staff
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or wand was magical, along with drums, bells, and knots. All ancient objects
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were magical charms. The practices of a new or higher civilization were looked
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upon with disfavor because of their supposedly evil magical nature. Writing,
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printing, and pictures were long so regarded.
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Primitive man believed that names must be treated with respect, especially
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names of the gods. The name was regarded as an entity, an influence distinct
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from the physical personality; it was esteemed equally with the soul and the
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shadow. Names were pawned for loans; a man could not use his name until it had
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been redeemed by payment of the loan. Nowadays one signs his name to a note. An
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individual's name soon became important in magic. The savage had two
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top of page - 972
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names; the important one was regarded as too sacred to use on ordinary
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occasions, hence the second or everyday name--a nickname. He never told his
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real name to strangers. Any experience of an unusual nature caused him to
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change his name; sometimes it was in an effort to cure disease or to stop bad
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luck. The savage could get a new name by buying it from the tribal chief; men
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still invest in titles and degrees. But among the most primitive tribes, such
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as the African Bushmen, individual names do not exist.
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6. THE PRACTICE OF MAGIC
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Magic was practiced through the use of wands, "medicine" ritual, and
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incantations, and it was customary for the practitioner to work unclothed.
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Women outnumbered the men among primitive magicians. In magic, "medicine" means
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mystery, not treatment. The savage never doctored himself; he never used
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medicines except on the advice of the specialists in magic. And the voodoo
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doctors of the twentieth century are typical of the magicians of old.
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There was both a public and a private phase to magic. That performed by the
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medicine man, shaman, or priest was supposed to be for the good of the whole
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tribe. Witches, sorcerers, and wizards dispensed private magic, personal and
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selfish magic which was employed as a coercive method of bringing evil on one's
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enemies. The concept of dual spiritism, good and bad spirits, gave rise to the
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later beliefs in white and black magic. And as religion evolved, magic was the
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term applied to spirit operations outside one's own cult, and it also referred
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to older ghost beliefs.
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Word combinations, the ritual of chants and incantations, were highly magical.
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Some early incantations finally evolved into prayers. Presently, imitative
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magic was practiced; prayers were acted out; magical dances were nothing but
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dramatic prayers. Prayer gradually displaced magic as the associate of
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sacrifice.
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Gesture, being older than speech, was the more holy and magical, and mimicry
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was believed to have strong magical power. The red men often staged a buffalo
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dance in which one of their number would play the part of a buffalo and, in
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being caught, would insure the success of the impending hunt. The sex
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festivities of May Day were simply imitative magic, a suggestive appeal to the
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sex passions of the plant world. The doll was first employed as a magic
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talisman by the barren wife.
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Magic was the branch off the evolutionary religious tree which eventually bore
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the fruit of a scientific age. Belief in astrology led to the development of
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astronomy; belief in a philosopher's stone led to the mastery of metals, while
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belief in magic numbers founded the science of mathematics.
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But a world so filled with charms did much to destroy all personal ambition and
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initiative. The fruits of extra labor or of diligence were looked upon as
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magical. If a man had more grain in his field than his neighbor, he might be
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haled before the chief and charged with enticing this extra grain from the
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indolent neighbor's field. Indeed, in the days of barbarism it was dangerous to
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know very much; there was always the chance of being executed as a black
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artist.
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Gradually science is removing the gambling element from life. But if modern
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methods of education should fail, there would be an almost immediate reversion
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to the primitive beliefs in magic. These superstitions still linger in the
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minds of many so-called civilized people. Language contains many fossils which
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testify
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top of page - 973
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that the race has long been steeped in magical superstition, such words as
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spellbound, ill-starred, possessions, inspiration, spirit away, ingenuity,
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entrancing, thunderstruck, and astonished. And intelligent human beings still
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believe in good luck, evil eye, and astrology.
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Ancient magic was the cocoon of modern science, indispensable in its time but
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now no longer useful. And so the phantasms of ignorant superstition agitated
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the primitive minds of men until the concepts of science could be born. Today,
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Urantia is in the twilight zone of this intellectual evolution. One half the
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world is grasping eagerly for the light of truth and the facts of scientific
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discovery, while the other half languishes in the arms of ancient superstition
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and but thinly disguised magic.
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[Presented by a Brilliant Evening Star of Nebadon.]
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top of page - 974
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Subjects Archive The Urantia Book Urantia Book PART III: The History of Urantia
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||
: The Origin Of Urantia Life Establishment On Urantia The Marine-life Era On
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||
Urantia Urantia During The Early Land-life Era The Mammalian Era On Urantia The
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||
Dawn Races Of Early Man The First Human Family The Evolutionary Races Of Color
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The Overcontrol Of Evolution The Planetary Prince Of Urantia The Planetary
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||
Rebellion The Dawn Of Civilization Primitive Human Institutions The Evolution
|
||
Of Human Government Development Of The State Government On A Neighboring Planet
|
||
The Garden Of Eden Adam And Eve The Default Of Adam And Eve The Second Garden
|
||
The Midway Creatures The Violet Race After The Days Of Adam Andite Expansion In
|
||
The Orient Andite Expansion In The Occident Development Of Modern Civilization
|
||
The Evolution Of Marriage The Marriage Institution Marriage And Family Life The
|
||
Origins Of Worship Early Evolution Of Religion The Ghost Cults Fetishes,
|
||
Charms, And Magic Sin, Sacrifice, And Atonement Shamanism--medicine Men And
|
||
Priests The Evolution Of Prayer The Later Evolution Of Religion Machiventa
|
||
Melchizedek The Melchizedek Teachings In The Orient The Melchizedek Teachings
|
||
In The Levant Yahweh--god Of The Hebrews Evolution Of The God Concept Among The
|
||
Hebrews The Melchizedek Teachings In The Occident The Social Problems Of
|
||
Religion Religion In Human Experience The Real Nature Of Religion The
|
||
Foundations Of Religious Faith The Reality Of Religious Experience Growth Of
|
||
The Trinity Concept Deity And Reality Universe Levels Of Reality Origin And
|
||
Nature Of Thought Adjusters Mission And Ministry Of Thought Adjusters Relation
|
||
Of Adjusters To Universe Creatures Relation Of Adjusters To Individual Mortals
|
||
The Adjuster And The Soul Personality Survival Seraphic Guardians Of Destiny
|
||
Seraphic Planetary Government The Supreme Being The Almighty Supreme God The
|
||
Supreme Supreme And Ultimate--time And Space The Bestowals Of Christ Michael
|
||
|
||
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ŀ
|
||
<EFBFBD> // <20> <20> <20> <20> <20>
|
||
<EFBFBD> The Ghost Cults <20> Sin, <20> Urantia Book <20> Search <20> SiteMap! <20>
|
||
<EFBFBD> <20> Sacrifice,... <20> PA... <20> <20> <20>
|
||
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
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//
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<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ŀ
|
||
<EFBFBD> <20> <20> <20> <20> <20> <20> SPIRITWEB ORG (info@spiritweb.org), <20> <20>
|
||
<EFBFBD> <20> <20> <20> <20> <20> <20> http://www.spiritweb.org <20> <20>
|
||
<EFBFBD> <20> <20> <20> <20> <20> <20> Webmaster <webmaster@spiritweb.org> <20> <20>
|
||
<EFBFBD> <20> <20> <20> <20> <20> <20> <20> <20>
|
||
<EFBFBD> <20> <20> <20> <20> <20> <20> ONLINE SINCE 1993. MAINTAINED IN SWITZERLAND. <20> <20>
|
||
<EFBFBD> <20> <20> <20> <20> <20> <20> DISTRIBUTED TO CALIFORNIA, SPAIN, ITALY, SOUTH AFRICA, <20> <20>
|
||
<EFBFBD> <20> <20> <20> <20> <20> <20> AUSTRALIA <20> <20>
|
||
<EFBFBD> <20> <20> <20> <20> <20> <20> <20> <20>
|
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<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
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