951 lines
44 KiB
Plaintext
951 lines
44 KiB
Plaintext
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><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
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*********************************************************
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* *
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* Database of Terminology *
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* Part 4 *
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* *
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* Another Modernz Presentation *
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* *
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* by *
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* Digital-demon *
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* *
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* (C)opyright Jan 14, 1992 *
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* *
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*********************************************************
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*********************************************************
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The Modernz can be contacted at:
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MATRIX BBS
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WOK-NOW!
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World of Kaos NOW!
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World of Knowledge NOW!
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St. Dismis Institute - Sysops: Wintermute & Digital-demon
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(908) 905-6691
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(908) WOK-NOW!
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(908) 458-xxxx
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Home of Modernz Text Philez
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<*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*>
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TANSTAAFL
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The Church of Rodney - Sysop: Tal Meta
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(908) 830-7960
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Home of TANJ Text Philez
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<*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*>
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*********************************************************
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Also can be reached at :
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Hellfire BBS - SANctuary World HQ
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Sysop: Red
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(908)495-3926
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*********************************************************
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<*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*><*>
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<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
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D-bit
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=====
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Delivery confirmation bit.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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daisy chain
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===========
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A system that connects peripheral devices to the computer along
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a single bus so that the device closest to the central processing
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Unit (CPU) is serviced first.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Data Access Arrangement (DAA)
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=============================
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Data communications equipment furnished or approved by a common
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carrier, permitting attachment of privately owned data terminals.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Data Carrier Detect (DCD)
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=========================
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A modem interface signal indicating that the carrier frequency has
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been received and the modem is now ready for data transmission.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Data Circuit-terminating Equipment (DCE)
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========================================
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Any piece of equipment that provides the functions required to
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establish, maintain, and terminate a connection and convert and
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code those signals required between Data Terminal Equipment (DTE)
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and a the data communications facility. A modem is an example of
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a DCE on an analog communications facility; a data service unit
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is an example of a DCE on a digital communications facility.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Data Link Escape (DLE)
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======================
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A control-character sequence (two-characters) used exclusively to
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provide supplementary line-control signals (control-character
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sequences or DLE sequences). The first character is DLE; the second
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character varies according to the function desired and the code used.
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See reverse interrupt.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Data Network Identification Code (DNIC)
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=======================================
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A 4-digit code used to address a data network across national
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boundaries. The DNIC is required as part of the CCITT X.121 address.
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The first three digits identify the country or geographic area, and
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the last digit identifies the network.
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The TYMNET network DNIC is 3106.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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data processing
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===============
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One or more operations performed on data to achieve a desired
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objective. Also called information processing.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Data Set Ready (DSR)
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====================
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A handshaking (flow control) signal used to notify the DTE that the
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modem (data set) is connected, powered-up, and ready to receive.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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data sink
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=========
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The receiving end of a communications link. Contrast with data source.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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data source
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===========
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The transmitting end of a communications link. Contrast with data sink.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Data Terminal Equipment (DTE)
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=============================
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A piece of equipment that provides an entry or exit point for user
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data in a communication network. For example, a terminal operating
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with the defined protocol for the network is a DTE.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Data Terminal Ready (DTR)
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=========================
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A handshaking (flow control) signal used to signal the modem
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(data set) that the DTE is connected, powered up, and ready
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to receive.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Data Transfer Bus (DTB)
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=======================
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A 16- or 32-bit bus used to carry data from one functional unit to
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another. See VMEbus.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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database
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========
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A collection of data that is indexed, filed, or organized according
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to specific rules so that desired data can be retrieved. A database
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is designed to allow multiple appli- cations to access the data, to
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have minimal redundancy of data, and to allow for growth and change.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Database Management System (DBMS)
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=================================
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A comp9ehensive software system that builds, maintains, and provides
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access to a database.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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datagram (DG)
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=============
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A method of sending messages (packets) with self-contained information
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enabling a packet to reach its destination. See message switching.
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Datalink level
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==============
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Level 2 of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. The Datalink
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level ensures error-free data transmission between a host and the
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network and transfers information units to the end of this link.
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Recommendations are outlined for framing and synchronization, error
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control and recovery, link initialization and disconnection,
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addressing and message sequence control.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Datapac
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=======
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A data communications service provided in Canada.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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daughter card
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=============
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Serial Input/Output (SIO) interface board. A board in the Engine,
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Mini-Engine, and Compact XL that transfers synchronous and
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asynchronous communications signals from the network to the SIO
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Controller board. There can be up to eight SIO interface boards
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attached to one SIO Controller board.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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DBMS
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====
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Database Management System. A comprehensive software system that
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builds, maintains, and provides access to a database.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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DCD
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===
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Data Carrier Detect. A modem interface signal indicating that the
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carrier frequency has been received and the modem is now ready for
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data transmission.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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DCE
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===
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Data Circuit-terminating Equipment. Any piece of equipment that
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provides the functions required to establish, maintain, and terminate
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a connection and convert and code those signals required between Data
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Terminal Equipment (DTE) and a the data communications facility.
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A modem is an example of a DCE on an analog communications facility;
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a data service unit is an example of a DCE on a digital
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communications facility.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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DCF
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===
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Dedicated Customer Facility.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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DDCMP
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=====
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Digital Data Communications Message Protocol. Transmis-sion of data
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between stations in a point-to-point or multi-point system. The
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method of physical data transfer may be parallel, serial synchronous,
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or serial asynchronous. BT North America supports DDCMP,
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transparently, through the 2780/3780/HASP interface.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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DDD
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===
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Direct Distance Dialing. A telephone exchange service that enables
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the user to directly dial outside the local area without operator
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assistance.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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DDP
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===
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Distributed Data Processing.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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DDT
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===
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Dynamic Debugging Tool. A program that permits the user to log into
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the Kernel and load or examine the contents of a slot, change
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contents of memory locations, or perform various special diagnostic
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operations. DDT allows a user access to individual slots within an
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ISIS node.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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dead-ended circuit
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==================
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A partial circuit that ends without being terminated, for example, a
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link channel or a node that is only connected to one other node.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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debug
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=====
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The process of tracing and correcting errors in software or hardware.
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Also called troubleshooting.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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debugger
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========
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A set of routines that allows users to examine and change memory
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content and start or stop the execution of instructions.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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DEC System 10
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=============
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A type of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) host main-frame
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computer. When used with a TYMNET operating system and connected to
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a TYMNET network, it is called TYMCOM-X.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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dedicated
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=========
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A communication circuit that always transmits over the same
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physical route. A dedicated circuit is normally a permanent
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connection. Also, a service, number, or connection that is reserved
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for the use of a single customer.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Dedicated Terminal Interface (DTI)
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==================================
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Terminal interface (TIF) software residing in a slot (within a node
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in a shared network) that is reserved for the use of a specific
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customer.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Deferred-Echo Mode (DEM)
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========================
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A method of operation whereby the destination interface has the
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responsibility for echoing all characters back to the origination
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device. See also Leave Deferred-Echo Mode and Enter Deferred-Echo
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Mode.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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delay-distortion
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================
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A problem caused when some frequencies travel slower than others
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over the transmission path. The maximum difference in transmission
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time between any two frequencies in a specified frequency band.
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Expressed in microseconds.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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delay-measurement circuit
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=========================
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A circuit that is built through XRAY to measure the throughput delay
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in a specified portion of a network.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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delimiter
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=========
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A character that separates and organizes elements of data.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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DEM
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===
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Deferred-Echo Mode. A method of operation whereby the destination
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interface has the responsibility for echoing all characters back to
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the origination device. See also Leave Deferred-Echo Mode and Enter
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Deferred-Echo Mode.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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demodulation
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============
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The process of converting an analog signal to a digital signal;
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a DCE receives an analog signal, varies that signal to make it a
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digital signal, and sends that digital signal to a DTE.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Design Objective (DO)
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=====================
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The first document written in the development cycle. An NTD document
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that describes, in general terms, the product being developed, its
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function, how the product relates to other products, and the
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performance and interface constraints that should be met. Product
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Marketing may provide appropriate information for this document.
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Interfaces to other products are included. Sometimes the project
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initiation request (PIR) clearly states the objectives to be achieved
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and there is no need for the DO.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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destination address
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===================
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The address specifying the destination of a circuit.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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destination host
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================
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An address on a destination node to which a circuit is built for a
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BT North America user session. Contrast with origination host.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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destination list
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================
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A list of possible destination items (targets), for example, host,
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name, group. Contrast with origination list.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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destination name
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================
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Access profile in the Master User Directory (MUD) that describes a
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destination, either host name or X.121 name.
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(Formerly called host name.)
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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destination node
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================
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A node to which a circuit is built in a network. This node usually
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serves as a host interface (HIF). Contrast with origination node.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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detach line
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===========
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The process by which a program detaches a line from a link.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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detached port
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=============
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A channel that is used to put a circuit temporarily in limbo because
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the circuit could not be completed to the requested destination; the
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circuit is eventually zapped.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Deutsche Industrie Norm (DIN)
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=============================
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A set of standards for electronic products that originated in Germany.
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The Turbo Engine boards use 96-pin DIN connectors.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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DG
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==
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Datagram. A method of sending messages (packets) with self-contained
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information enabling a packet to reach its destination. See message
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switching.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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diagnostic
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==========
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Detection and isolation of an error in a program or a malfunction in
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equipment. Also, an error message printed in a program list by a
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compiler or an assembler.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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dial-up line
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============
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A communications circuit that is established by a switched telephone
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circuit connection. See circuit switching.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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dibit
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=====
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A group of two bits. The four possible states of a dibit are 00, 01,
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10, and 11.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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dibit encoding
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==============
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Modulation techniques that enable one signal element to convey two
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bits of information.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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DIC
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===
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Data Interchange Code.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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digital
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=======
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An electrical signal made up of discrete pulses. In data
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communications, the pulses are coded to represent information.
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Contrast with analog.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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digital circuit
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===============
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A circuit that transmits data in a digital form. Contrast with the
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standard voice-grade phone line (an analog circuit, which requires
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a computer or terminal to convert data into an analog format).
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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digital computer
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================
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A computer that manipulates discrete data and performs arithmetic and
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logic operations on these data. Contrast with analog computer.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Digital Data Communications Message Protocol (DDCMP)
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====================================================
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Transmission of data between stations in a point-to-point or a
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multipoint system. The method of physical data transfer may be
|
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parallel, serial synchronous, or serial asynchronous. BT North
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America supports DDCMP, transparently, through the 2780/3780/HASP
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interface.
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|
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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DIN
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===
|
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|
Deutsche Industrie Norm. A set of standards for electronic products
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that originated in Germany. The Turbo Engine boards use 96-pin DIN
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connectors.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Direct Distance Dialing (DDD)
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=============================
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A telephone exchange service that enables the user to directly dial
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outside the local area without operator assistance.
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|
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
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Direct Memory Access (DMA)
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==========================
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An internal mode of transfer that allows data to flow directly to and
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from main memory. When applied to a BT North America base, it is the
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transfer of data between a node and a host by way of one synchronous
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line to the host's bus.
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|
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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direct-access
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=============
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The process of reading or writing information from an auxiliary
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memory device by accessing the information directly.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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directive
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=========
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|
An assembly-language statement that influences the assembler through
|
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instructions to assemble a program, part of a pro- gram, or the
|
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contents of a listing, or to print a message to a user.
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|
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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directory
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=========
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A list of files kept by the operating system.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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disk
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====
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A direct-access storage medium.
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|
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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disk pack
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|
=========
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Multiple magnetic disks mounted vertically on a single shaft. Each
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magnetic disk can be removed from the pack.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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diskette
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========
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A floppy disk.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
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Dispatcher
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|
==========
|
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|
|
That portion of the ISIS or ISIS-68K operating system responsible for
|
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communication between slots.
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|
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
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Dispatcher Interface (DISPI)
|
|
============================
|
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|
|
The Node Code process that communicates with the ISIS Dispatcher.
|
|
DISPI is the source of a circuit in an originating node and the
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termination point of that circuit in the destination node.
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|
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|
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
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Display System Protocol (DSP)
|
|
=============================
|
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|
|
A nonproprietary protocol used to support IBM 3270-type devices on
|
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X.25 data across a packet-switched network. A data convention for
|
|
transmitting 3270 commands and response signals within and between
|
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networks.
|
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|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
distributed functions
|
|
=====================
|
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|
|
Data processing functions performed by remote minicomputers and
|
|
intelligent terminals rather than a centrally located computer.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
distributed network
|
|
===================
|
|
|
|
A network in which each node allocates its own resources. Once a node
|
|
has received the Needle, from the Supervisor, with encoded information
|
|
for a circuit path, the node allocates resources to transfer the
|
|
Needle to the second node on the path. The second node allocates
|
|
resources to transfer the Needle to the third node, and so on, to the
|
|
destination node. See Needle.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
distribution tape
|
|
=================
|
|
|
|
A physical data storage medium used to transport BT North America
|
|
software release files.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
DLE
|
|
===
|
|
|
|
Data Link Escape. A control-character sequence (two- characters) used
|
|
exclusively to provide supplementary line-control signals
|
|
(control-character sequences or DLE sequences). The first character is
|
|
DLE; the second character varies according to the function desired and
|
|
the code used. See reverse interrupt.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
DLL
|
|
===
|
|
|
|
Down-Line Load. A software protocol used to transfer code from one
|
|
node to another.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
DMA
|
|
===
|
|
|
|
Direct Memory Access. An internal mode of transfer that allows data
|
|
to flow directly to and from main memory. When applied to a
|
|
BT North America base, it is the transfer of data between a node and
|
|
a host by way of one synchronous line to the host's bus.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
DNA
|
|
===
|
|
|
|
Dynamic Debugging Tool to Network Access.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
DNIC
|
|
====
|
|
|
|
Data Network Identification Code. A 4-digit code used to address a
|
|
data network across national boundaries. The DNIC is required as part
|
|
of the CCITT X.121 address. The first three digits identify the
|
|
country or geographic area, and the last digit identifies the network.
|
|
The TYMNET network DNIC is 3106.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
DNPA
|
|
====
|
|
|
|
Data Numbering Plan Area.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
DO
|
|
==
|
|
|
|
Design Objective. The first document written in the development cycle.
|
|
An NTD document that describes, in general terms, the product being
|
|
developed, its function, how the product relates to other products,
|
|
and the performance and interface constraints that should be met.
|
|
Product Marketing may provide appropriate information for this
|
|
document. Interfaces to other products are included. Sometimes the
|
|
project initiation request (PIR) clearly states the objectives to be
|
|
achieved and there is no need for the DO.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
DOS
|
|
===
|
|
|
|
Disk Operating System.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
down
|
|
====
|
|
|
|
State of host, node, or link.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
Down-Line Load (DLL)
|
|
====================
|
|
|
|
A software protocol used to transfer code from one node to another.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
down-load
|
|
=========
|
|
|
|
A process used to load code or dump code (transfer data or files to
|
|
another computer, node, or terminal). This procedure is performed
|
|
from a remote host.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
DRAM
|
|
====
|
|
|
|
Dynamic Random Access Memory. Random Access Memory that requires
|
|
refresh to keep data.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
drive
|
|
=====
|
|
|
|
A device that reads from and writes to a floppy disk, a magnetic disk,
|
|
or a tape. See disk.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
drowsiness factor
|
|
=================
|
|
|
|
The time added to the normal sleep time of a Supervisor. See sleeping.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
DSP
|
|
===
|
|
|
|
Display System Protocol. A nonproprietary protocol used to support
|
|
IBM 3270-type devices on X.25 data across a packet-switched network.
|
|
A data convention for transmitting 3270 commands and response signals
|
|
within and between networks. Also called Digital Signal Processor.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
DSR
|
|
===
|
|
|
|
Data Set Ready. A handshaking (flow control) signal used to notify
|
|
the DTE that the modem (data set) is connected, powered-up, and ready
|
|
to receive.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
DTB
|
|
===
|
|
|
|
Data Transfer Bus. A 16- or 32-bit bus used to carry data from one
|
|
functional unit to another. See VMEbus.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
DTE
|
|
===
|
|
|
|
Data Terminal Equipment. A piece of equipment that pro- vides an
|
|
entry or exit point for user data in a communication network. For
|
|
example, a terminal operating with the defined protocol for the
|
|
network is a DTE.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
DTI
|
|
===
|
|
|
|
Dedicated Terminal Interface. Terminal interface (TIF) software
|
|
residing in a slot (within a node in a shared network) that is
|
|
reserved for the use of a specific customer.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
DTR
|
|
===
|
|
|
|
Data Terminal Ready. A handshaking (flow control) signal used to
|
|
signal the modem (data set) that the DTE is connected, powered up,
|
|
and ready to receive.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
Dual Compact XL
|
|
===============
|
|
|
|
An intermediate-sized node in the Engine family of communications
|
|
processors. The Dual Compact XL is the same physical size as the
|
|
Compact XL; however, it uses a dual chassis backplane containing
|
|
two CPU IIIs, two MAC IIIs, and two SIO II boards, while supporting
|
|
two additional DMA I/O slots. See Compact XL.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
Dual-Mini-Engine
|
|
================
|
|
|
|
Two Mini-Engine systems in an Engine-size cabinet. See Mini-Engine.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
dumb terminal
|
|
=============
|
|
|
|
DTE without data processing capabilities, such as teletypes, visual
|
|
display units, and printers. Contrast with intelligent terminal.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
dummy record
|
|
============
|
|
|
|
A special frame used to maintain a minimum level of traffic on a
|
|
line when there is no valid data available. The dummy record does
|
|
not contain data and is automatically transmitted on a line every
|
|
half-second. Dummy records are transmitted over a multiple-line
|
|
link when all traffic is on other lines of the link.
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
dump
|
|
====
|
|
|
|
A procedure for transferring data from a target's memory to an
|
|
auxiliary storage device such as a disk. Used when debugging code.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
Dynamic Debugging Tool (DDT)
|
|
============================
|
|
|
|
A program that permits the user to log into the Kernel and load or
|
|
examine the contents of a slot, change contents of memory locations,
|
|
or perform various special diagnostic operations. DDT allows a user
|
|
access to individual slots within an ISIS node.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM)
|
|
===================================
|
|
|
|
Random Access Memory that requires refresh to keep data.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
|
|
<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
|
|
<*> <*>
|
|
<*> This Concludes Part 4 of the Modernz Database <*>
|
|
<*> <*>
|
|
<*> MATRIX BBS (908) 905-6691 <*>
|
|
<*> World of Kaos NOW (908) WOK-NOW! <*>
|
|
<*> <*>
|
|
<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
|
|
<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> |