806 lines
43 KiB
Plaintext
806 lines
43 KiB
Plaintext
% X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X %
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X**=======================================================================**X
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%!! Phreakers/Hackers/Anarchists !!%
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X!! -++--++--++--++--++--++--++- !!X
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%!! !!%
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X!! THE COMPLETE INTRODUCTORY GUIDE TO SPRINTNET AND !!X
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%!! SIMILAR PACKET SWITCHED NETWORKS !!%
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X**=======================================================================**X
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% X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X %
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X**=======================================================================**X
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%!! P/H/A - Written By Doctor Dissector On Sunday, April 22, 1990 - P/H/A !!%
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X**=======================================================================**X
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% X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X %
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Part I: Disclaimer
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------------------
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The sole purpose of this document is to educate. Neither the author nor
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the sponsor group (Phreakers/Hackers/Anarchists) will be held responsible
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for the reader's actions before, during, and following exposure to this
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document as well as the validity or accuracy of the information contained
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within this document.
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Part II: Introduction
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---------------------
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Packet switching networks can be said to be the most useful tool for both
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the inexperienced and the experienced hack. When I first learned about
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PSNs (SprintNet/Telenet in general), I discovered that there were not any
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good "full length" introductions or guides to the use of these systems. In
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effect, scrounging around for a small file here and another there was not
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very productive in any sense. So, I decided to compile a "complete"
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introduction and guide, as I know it, to the "world" of the packet switched
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network. Enjoy!
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Doctor Dissector - PHA
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Part III: Table Of Contents
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---------------------------
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Part Description
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----- -------------------------------------------------------------
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I Disclaimer
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II Introduction
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III Table Of Contents
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IV What Is A Packet Switched Network?
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V Network Protocols
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VI PAD Security
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VII Connection To The SprintNet PAD
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VIII X.121 International Address Format
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IX Network User Identification
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X Setting PAD ITI/X.3 Parameters
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XI Disconnect Code Sequence
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XII Misc Network Notes
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XIII Appendix
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XIV Conclusion And Closing Notes
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XV Greets, Hellos, Etc....
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Appendix Description
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-------- -----------------------------------------------------------
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A Hunt/Confirm Sequence Codes
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B PAD Command Summary
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C ITI/X.3 Parameter Summaries
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D International DNIC/PSN List
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E Overseas PSNs Which Accept Collect Calls
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F Network Protocol List
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G Glossary
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Part IV: What Is A Packet Switched Network?
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-------------------------------------------
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A packet switched network can be accessed through any local POTS
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dialup/port. Systems known as "hosts" on the PSN pay for connection to
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the PSN depending on transmission speed and protocol type. PSNs offer
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more efficient data transfer and less rates as compared to the typical
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circuit switched call. Thus, to anyone who would be interested in
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transferring large amounts of data over either the PSN or the circuit
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system, the PSN would result in an increase of convenience due to the
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reduction of data transmission error and cost.
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Another feature of the PSN is the speed and data translation which
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takes place between the PSN's PAD (Packet Assembler/Disassembler) and
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the host. For example, one could connect to the PSN's PAD at 1200 bps
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and the PAD could connect to the host system at 9600 bps and still
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allow the user to receive error free transmission. This "flow control"
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is done by the actual increase or decrease of the data packet between
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the PAD and the user or the PAD and the host.
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PSNs also have the ability to interconnect through special gateways
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which might allow one user who dialed one PSN's PAD and then connected
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to another PSN's PAD through a system which was accessible by the first.
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Almost every PSN in the world can be accessed through gateways on one
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PSN to another PSN, through subsequent gateways until the target PSN
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is achived; of course, there are always exceptions, some private or
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small data networks may not be reachable through gateways, these systems
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can only be reached, usually, through direct dialins.
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Some PSNs allow the caller to execute "collect calls" to host
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systems which accept them, although the majority of the hosts on any
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given PSN do not accept collect calls. To connect to a host system which
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does not accept collect calls, one must possess a network user identifier
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(NUI) or access to a private system on the PSN which accepts collect
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calls and has the ability to access another PSN with its own identifier.
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These will be discussed further into this document.
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Part V: Network Protocols
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-------------------------
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The PSN utilizes several communications protocols similar to the
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communications protocols used by typical asynchronous modems. However,
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MOST PSNs utilize synchronous communications and the X type protocols
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versus the typical modem's asynchronous V protocols. As a result, the
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PAD of any PSN also serves as a synchronous/asynchronous translator
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between the synchronous netowrk and the asynchronous modem.
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Most PSNs offer network speeds from snail's pace baud rates of
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300 bps (asynchronous) to the lightning of 48,000 bps (synchronous).
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The most common data protocol used by PSNs today is the X.25 protocol,
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thus if one were able to access a private PAD which offered support for
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the X.25 protocol, one could access virtually any network user address
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(NUA) from that PAD. SprintNet PADs support the X.25 protocol, so if
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one had an NUI of sorts, one also could access any NUA from the SprintNet
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PAD. See appendix F for a list of network protocols.
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Part VI: PAD Security
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---------------------
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SprintNet PADs and most dialin PADs in general have no "immediate"
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form of telephone security common within their systems. Plainly, SprintNet
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and most PSN dialin PADs cannot trace on the fly, as they do not have
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their own equiptment to trace incomming calls. HOWEVER, this does not
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mean that they CANNOT trace; SprintNet can, and will, upon probable
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cause, cooperate with the telco to trace calls. Notice that tracing
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usually is premeditated and one-time abusers have a very slim chance
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of being caught. Also note that most PAD activities are logged and if
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abuse is suspected, the PSN owners would most likely suspect the abuser
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as originating from the local area, since the POTS dialin/port is also
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located in the same area.
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Once online, security from "calling" hosts which do not accept collect
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calls is enforced by the presence of the NUI. Without an NUI, one would
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usually be stuck, only able to call systems accepting collect calls, sans
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the use of another system's NUI.
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There is one more aspect of seucurity worth mentioning. Whenever a
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packet of data is sent to a host system, a header of data is sent stating
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where the originating "call" is being placed by. Thus, if you were
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connecting to "312312" from your local POTS dialin/port that owned an
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address of "20231H," the system at 312312 would know the call was being
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originated from 20231H. Once again, if someone were abusing any system on
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the PSN and that system saved a log of the originating addresses accessing
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that system, the owners of the abused system could easily determine which
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POTS dialin/port number the abuser was using, and then inform the PSN
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security of possible abuse in that dialin's local area. Because of this
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ability to "trace" the originating address, there is one way to foil this.
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One could connect to another PAD, and then, from that PAD connect to
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the target system. Thus, the POTS dialin/port address will be sent to
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the connected PAD, and the connected PAD would intercept the POTS address
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and send the connected PAD's address to the target system instead of
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the POTS address. SO, if the target system was abused and the owners
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attempted to "trace" the originating address, they would receive the
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address of the connected PAD. For example: you dial your local POTS
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dialin/port which had an address of "71516G," log into another PAD at
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"415100," connect from 415100 to "213213." The system at 213213 if
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"traced" would find that you were originating from 415100, not 71516G.
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See how it works? Good... Notice that the system 213213 would still
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know that you were originating from 71516G, but the folks you were
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genuinely abusing wouldn't know that!
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Part VII: Connection To The SprintNet PAD
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-----------------------------------------
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The following procedure outlines the methods used to connect to
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and through the SprintNet PAD.
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Step Procedures Network/Operator Response
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---- ---------- -------------------------
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1 Turn on your terminal. Make sure
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it's Online.
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2 Dial your local SprintNet access
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number.
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3 For data sets Bell 103 & 113 type,
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depress the DATA button.
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4 Enter the hunt/confirm sequence <CR> <CR>
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for your baud/parity type. For
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E,7,1 1200/2400, type <CR> twice.
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For hunt/confirm sequences, see
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appendix A.
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5 SprintNet will identify itself, TELENET
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its port address, and then send 909 14B
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a TERMINAL= prompt for terminal
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identification. "D1" specifies TERMINAL=D1<CR>
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dumb terminal.
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6 NUI Input: After SprintNet gives
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the "@" prompt, type "ID ;" and @ID ;ABCD<CR>
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then your ID code, follwed by a PASSWORD=123456<CR>
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<CR>. Then enter your password
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followed by another <CR>. If you
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don't have an NUI, you can always
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access systems which allow collect
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calls.
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7 At the "@" prompt, you can enter @02341123456790<CR>
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the network user address (NUA) of
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the desired host. If, during the
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connection attempt wish to abort
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the attempt, a BREAK signal will
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bring you back to the "@" prompt.
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8 SprintNet will respond with a (address) CONNECTED
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connection message, or an error
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message.
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9 To disconnect from your computer, (address) DISCONNECTED
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log off as usual. SprintNet will
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send a disconnect message. To
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disconnect off of a system without
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logging off, typing "<CR>@<CR>" will
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bring you back to the "@" prompt.
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Part VIII: X.121 International Address Format
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---------------------------------------------
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Most PSNs around the world follow the X.121 format for access to both
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domestic and international hosts. SprintNet does not require some parts
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of the format for domestic connection, which will be discussed below.
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+----------------------------------------- Zero Handler For SprintNet
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| (Formats The X.121 Address)
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| +--------------------------------- Data Network Identifier
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| | Code (DNIC)
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| |
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| | +------------------------- Area Code of Host
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| | | +--------------- DTE Address of Host
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| | | | +-------- Port Address
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|0| |DDDD| |AAA| |HHHHH| |PP|
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+------- Optional 'Subaddress'
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Field for Packet Mode
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DTE
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For a complete list of DNICs/PSNs according to country, please see
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appendix D.
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On SprintNet, a "0" MUST lead the NUA, although on other PSNs, this
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may not be necessary.
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On SprintNet, the DNIC is defaulted to 3110. Any host entered at the
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"@" prompt, if domestic to Telenet/USA, will not require the input of
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zero handler or the 3110 DNIC. For example:
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Domestic X.121 SprintNet Int'l
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---------- -------------- ---------------
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2129966622 31102129966622 031102129966622
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212869 311021200869 0311021200869
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21244 311021200044 0311021200044
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Part IX: Network User Identification
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------------------------------------
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Network user identifiers (NUIs) offer full SprintNet PAD use for
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any distance or amount of time for any host accessible by the PAD in
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question. Think of the NUI as a /<-/<00l Kode for calling long
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distance. Any systems that you call are logged, and each call is charged.
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At the end of the month, the owner of the NUI is billed. So, it is
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possible to hack out NUIs and use them, but like k0dez, abuse kills.
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NUIs can be entered into SprintNet in two ways. The first method is to
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type "ID ;xxxx" where xxxx can be from 4-? charachters in length, both
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alphabetic and numeric. Then, at the password prompt, enter a password.
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The second method for entering an NUI is in conjunction to the NUA
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you are accessing. The format is "<NUA>,<ID>,<PW>" where at the "@"
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prompt you would type the desired NUA, followed by a comma, then your
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ID followed by a comma, and then your password. Your password will not
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be echoed.
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Part X: Setting PAD ITI/X.3 Parameters
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--------------------------------------
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Online PAD parameter modification may be desired for certain
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applications, connections, or data transfers. See appendix C for brief
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summaries of these parameters. Modification of these parameters can be
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done by the following procedure at the "@" prompt:
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X.3 Parameters
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--------------
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To display current parameters: "PAR?<CR>"
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The PAD will respond with: "PAR1:<VALUE>,2:<VALUE>,..."
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To modify parameter(s): "SET? <PARM>:<VALUE>,<PARM>:<VALUE>,..."
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The PAD will respond with: "PAR<PARM>:<VALUE>,..."
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ITI Parameters
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--------------
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To display current parameters: "PAR? 0,<PARM>,<PARM>,..."
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The PAD will respond with: "PAR<PARM>:<VALUE>,<PARM>:<VALUE>,..."
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To modify parameter(s): "SET? 0:33,<PARM>:<VALUE>,<PARM>:<VALUE>,..."
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The PAD will respond with: "PAR0:33,<PARM>:<VALUE>,..."
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Part XI: Disconnect Code Sequence
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---------------------------------
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When disconnected off of any host on SprintNet, a disconnect coding
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sequence with a string of data will be sent to your terminal. The
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following is a translation format for the disconnect coding.
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<NUA> DISCONNECTED AA BB TT:TT:TT:TT CCC DD
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Where:
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<NUA> is the NUA of the given host system.
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AA is the clearing code.
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BB is the diagnositc code.
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TT:TT:TT:TT is the time spent on the host.
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CCC is the number of frames received.
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DD is the number of frames sent.
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Part XII: Misc Network Notes
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----------------------------
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Just a few things one might want to know when using PSNs:
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1) When using/abusing a private PAD, try to use it after business
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hours, as the operators will not tend to discover your presence
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as quickly.
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2) When hacking or abusing ANY system on ANY PSN, if anything seems
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different or suspicious, logoff, disconnect, or HANG-UP
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IMMEDIATELY! Much better SAFE than SORRY!
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3) For a complete and updated list of POTS dialin/ports, dial the
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IN-WATS number at 1-800-546-1000 or 1-800-546-2000, type "MAIL,"
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and for user name and password, enter "PHONES." You will be
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diverted to the SprintNet dialing directory & a menu. From then on
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you will have plenty of info about POTS dialins and port numbers.
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4) For international information concerning SprintNet and other PSNs,
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get to a SprintNet "@" prompt and type "MAIL." Then, for the user
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name, enter "INTL/ASSOCIATES." For the password, type "INTL," and
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you will be diverted to the international information menu.
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5) For even more info on SprintNet and PCP, the NUA for the PCP
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support BBS is 311090900631 (909631 domestic).
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6) Some 2400 bps and 2400+ bps PADs have problems recognizing 8,N,1
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connections. Sometimes they only allow E,7,1 transmissions.
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Experimentation or inquiry may yeild results. SprintNet's customer
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information line is at 1-800-336-0437, overseas is 1-703-689-6400.
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7) PCP outdials and other outdial systems are abundant on the PSNs
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throughout the world. If you have any NUAs to these or find any,
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they utilize the typical Hayes AT command set, so they should be
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easy to figure out. MOST of the time, they ONLY allow dialing of
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local (to the oudial's area code) numbers, but some have been known
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to allow interstate and even international calls. Experimentation,
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again, is always necessary.
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8) Domestically, the "AAA" (Area Code) portion of the NUA is usually
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the same as the area code (NPA) of the same calling area. However,
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some area codes are shared on the network and some non-existant
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area codes such as 909, 223, 224 and others contain hosts.
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9) On any PAD, the data transmission rates may be slowed, due to the
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assembley/disassembley time, called packet delay. Depending on which
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system, baud, and transfer protocol used, pad delay can differ from
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almost none to noticable fractions of seconds. PCP oudials are
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notorious for LLOONNGG pad delays....
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Part XIII: Appendix
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-------------------
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Appendix A: Hunt/Confirm Sequence Codes
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=======================================
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Bits Stop Parity Modem Baud Duplex Sequence
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---- ---- ------ ---------- ------ --------
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7 1 EVEN 300-1200 FULL <CR><CR>
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7 1 EVEN 300-1200 HALF <CR>;<CR>
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7 1 EVEN 2400 FULL @<CR>
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7 1 EVEN 2400 HALF @;<CR>
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8 1 NONE 300-1200 FULL <CR>D<CR>
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8 1 NONE 300-1200 HALF <CR>H<CR>
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8 1 NONE 2400 FULL @D<CR>
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8 1 NONE 2400 HALF @H<CR>
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At BPS speeds 2400+, wait 1/2 a second BEFORE and AFTER the
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"@" sign in the sequence above.
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Appendix B: PAD Command Summary
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===============================
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The following is a list of commands usable from the "@" prompt on the
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SprintNet PSN.
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Command Description
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----------- -------------------------------------------------------------
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<NUA> Connects to the host specified by that NUA.
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C <NUA> Connects to the host specified by that NUA.
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STAT Displays the network port address (NUA of the port).
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FULL Sets duplex to full.
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HALF Sets duplex to half.
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DTAPE Prepares the PSN for bulk file transfers.
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CONT Continues the current connected session/connect attempt.
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BYE Aborts connect attempt/disconnects from current session.
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D Aborts connect attempt/disconnects from current session.
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HANGUP Logs you off from the SprintNet PAD.
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TERM <TERM> Changes the terminal specification to that of <TERM>.
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MAIL Request connection to SprintNet Telemail.
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TELEMAIL Request connection to SprintNet Telemail.
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ID ;<ID> Enter NUI, <ID> is your ID. This is followed by a PASSWORD
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prompt. Password will not be echoed.
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TEST CHAR Test if you are receiving garbled output. If so, adjust
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parity or data bits, and then try again. If errors persist,
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be sure to complain to SprintNet customer service!
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TEST ECHO Test if your input is being garbled by Telenet. Similar
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otherwise as TEST CHAR.
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Appendix C: ITI/X.3 Parameter Summaries
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=======================================
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Para- Para-
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meter Description (Default Value) meter Description (Default Value)
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----- --------------------------- ----- ---------------------------
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1 Line feed Insertion (0) 31+ Interrupt Character (0)
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2 Network Message Display (0) 32 Automatic Hang-up (0)
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3 Echo (1) 33+ Flush Output (0)
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4 Echo Mask (163) 34 Transmit on Timers (1)
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5 Transmit Mask (2) 35 Idle Timer (80)
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6* Buffer Size (0) 36 Interval Timer (0)
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7* Command Mask (127) 37 Network Usage Display (0)
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8* Command Mask (3) 38 Carriage Return PAD (Variable)
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9 Carriage Return PAD (Fixed) 39 Padding Options (1)
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10 Linefeed Padding 40 Insert on Break (0)
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11 Tab Padding 41 PAD-Terminal Flow Control (0)
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12 Line Width 42 PAD-Terminal XON Character (17)
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13 Page Length (0) 43 PAD-Terminal XOFF Character (19)
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14 Line Folding (1) 44* Generate Break (INV)
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15 Page Wait (0) 45* APP on Break (0)
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16 Interrupt on Break (0) 46 Input Unlock Option (0)
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17 Break Code (0) 47 Input Unlock Timer (0)
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18 NVT Options (0) 48 Input Unlock Character (0)
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19 Initial Keyboard State (0) 49 Output Lock Option (2)
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20 Half/Full Duplex 50 Output Lock Timer (10)
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21 Real Character Code 51 Output Lock Option (0)
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22 Printer Style 53* Break Options (0)
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23 Terminal Type 54 Terminal-PAD Flow Control (0)
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|
24 Permanent Terminal (0) 55 Terminal-PAD XON Character (17)
|
|
25 Manual or Auto Connect (0) 56 Terminal-PAD XOFF Character (19)
|
|
26 Rate 57 Connection Mode (2)
|
|
27 Delete Character (127) 58 Escape to Command Mode (1)
|
|
28 Cancel Character (24) 59* Flush Output on Break (0)
|
|
29 Display Character (18) 60 Delayed Echo
|
|
30+ Abort Output Character (0) 63 Eight-bit Transparency (1)
|
|
64+ Early ACK (0)
|
|
65 More-Data Bit Generation (3)
|
|
66 Defer Processing of User (0)
|
|
67 ESP Packetizing Option (0)
|
|
68 Escape Sequence Timer (0)
|
|
69 Escape Sequence Maximum Length (0)
|
|
70 Escape Sequence Initiator (0)
|
|
71 Parameter Reset on Disconnect (0)
|
|
|
|
Note: - All Telenet Parameters must follow the National Option Marker
|
|
(Parameter 0, value '21' Hex) in PAD Messages.
|
|
- Parameters marked with "*" should not be used.
|
|
- Parameters marked with "+" should be used with caution.
|
|
|
|
Appendix D: International DNIC/PSN List
|
|
=======================================
|
|
Note: This is not a complete list!
|
|
|
|
COUNTRY NETWORK DNIC
|
|
------- ------- ----
|
|
ALASKA ALASCOM 3135
|
|
ANTIGUA ANTIGUA 3443
|
|
ARGENTINA ARPAC 7220
|
|
ARGENTINA ARPAC 7222
|
|
AUSTRIA DATEX-P 2322
|
|
AUSTRIA RA 2329
|
|
AUSTRALIA AUSPAC 5052
|
|
AUSTRALIA MIDAS 5053
|
|
BAHAMAS BATELCO 3640
|
|
BAHRAIN IDAS 4263
|
|
BARBADOS IDAS 3423
|
|
BELGIUM DCS 2062
|
|
BELGIUM DCS-TELEX 2068
|
|
BELGIUM DCS-PSTN 2069
|
|
BERMUDA IPSD 3503
|
|
BRAZIL INTERDATA 7240
|
|
BRAZIL RENPAC 7241
|
|
BRAZIL RENPAC 7249
|
|
BRAZIL RENPAC 7248
|
|
CAMEROON CAMPAC 6242
|
|
CANADA DATAPAC 3020
|
|
CANADA GLOBEDAT 3025
|
|
CANADA CNCP 3028
|
|
CANADA TYMNET CANADA 3106
|
|
CAYMAN ISLANDS IDAS 3463
|
|
CHILE ENTEL 7302
|
|
CHILE ENTEL 3104
|
|
CHINA PTELCOM 4600
|
|
COLUMBIA DAPAQ 3107
|
|
COSTA RICA RACSADATOS 7120
|
|
COSTA RICA RACSAPAC 7122
|
|
COSTA RICA RACSAPAC 7128
|
|
COSTA RICA RACSAPAC 7129
|
|
COTE D'IVOIRE SYTRANPAC 6122
|
|
DENMARK DATAPAK 2382
|
|
DEMMARK DATAPAK 2383
|
|
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC UDTS 3700
|
|
EGYPT ARENTO 6020
|
|
FINLAND FINNPAK 2442
|
|
FRANCE TRANSPAC 2080
|
|
FRANCE N.T.I. 2081
|
|
FRANCE TRANSPAC 9330
|
|
FRANCE TRANSPAC 9331
|
|
FRANCE TRANSPAC 9332
|
|
FRANCE TRANSPAC 9333
|
|
FRANCE TRANSPAC 9334
|
|
FRANCE TRANSPAC 9335
|
|
FRANCE TRANSPAC 9336
|
|
FRANCE TRANSPAC 9337
|
|
FRANCE TRANSPAC 9338
|
|
FRANCE TRANSPAC 9339
|
|
FRENCH ANTILLES DOMPAC 3400
|
|
FRENCH GUYANA DOMPAC 7420
|
|
GABON GABONPAC 6282
|
|
GERMANY DATEX-P 2624
|
|
GREECE HELPAK 2022
|
|
GREENLAND DATAPAK 2901
|
|
GUAM LSDS-RCA 5350
|
|
GUATEMALA GUATEL 7040
|
|
HONDURAS HONDUTEL 7080
|
|
HONG KONG IDAS 4542
|
|
HONG KONG DATAPAK 4545
|
|
HUNGARY DATEXL 2160
|
|
HUNGARY DATEXL 2161
|
|
ICELAND ICEPAC 2740
|
|
INDONESIA SKDP 5101
|
|
IRELAND IPSS (EIRE) 2721
|
|
IRELAND EIREPAC 2724
|
|
ISRAEL ISRANET 4251
|
|
ITALY DARDO 2222
|
|
ITALY ITAPAC 2227
|
|
IVORY COAST SYTRANPAC 6122
|
|
JAMAICA JAMINTEL 3380
|
|
JAPAN DDX-P 4401
|
|
JAPAN VENUS-P 4408
|
|
JAPAN NISNET 4406
|
|
JAPAN NI+CI 4410
|
|
KUWAIT 4263
|
|
LEBANON SODETEL 4155
|
|
LUXEMBOURG LUXPAC 2704
|
|
LUXEMBOURG PSTN 2709
|
|
MALAYSIA MAYPAC 5021
|
|
MAURITIUS MAURIDATA 6170
|
|
MEXICO TELEPAC 3340
|
|
NETHERLANDS DATANET-1 2040
|
|
NETHERLANDS DATANET-1 2041
|
|
NETHERLANDS DABAS 2044
|
|
NETHERLANDS DATANET 2049
|
|
NETHERLANDS/ANTILLES UDTS ITT 3620
|
|
NETHERLANDS/MARIANAS PCINET 5351
|
|
NEW CALEDONIA TOMPAC NC 5460
|
|
NEW ZEALAND PACNET 5301
|
|
NORWAY DATAPAK 2422
|
|
PANAMA INTELPAQ 7141
|
|
PANAMA INTELPAQ 7142
|
|
PHILIPPINES CAPWIRE 5151
|
|
PHILIPPINES PHILCOM RCA 5152
|
|
PHILIPPINES GMCR 5154
|
|
PHILIPPINES ETPI-2 5156
|
|
POLYNESIA TOMPAC 5470
|
|
PORTUGAL TELEPAC 2680
|
|
PORTUGAL SABD 2682
|
|
PUERTO RICO UDTS- PDIA 3301
|
|
PUERTO RICO UDTS- I 3300
|
|
QATAR DOHPAC 4271
|
|
REUNION ISLAND DOMPAC 6470
|
|
SAN MARINO X-NET 2922
|
|
SAUDI ARABIA BAHNET 4263
|
|
SINGAPORE TELEPAC 5252
|
|
SINGAPORE TELEPAC 5258
|
|
SOUTH AFRICA SAPONET 6550
|
|
SOUTH AFRICA SAPONET 6559
|
|
SOUTH KOREA DACOM-NET 4501
|
|
SOUTH KOREA DNS 4503
|
|
SPAIN TIDA 2141
|
|
SPAIN IBERPAK 2145
|
|
SWEDEN TELEPAK 2405
|
|
SWEDEN DATAPAK 2402
|
|
SWITZERLAND TELEPAC 2284
|
|
SWITZERLAND DATALINK 2289
|
|
TAHITI TOMPAC 5470
|
|
TAIWAN UDAS 4877
|
|
TAIWAN PACNET 4872
|
|
THAILAND IDAR 5200
|
|
TORTOLA 3483
|
|
TRINIDAD TEXTET 3740
|
|
TRINIDAD DATANETT 3745
|
|
TUNISIA RED25 6050
|
|
TURKEY TURPAC 2862
|
|
TURKS BWI 3763
|
|
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES EMDAN 4241
|
|
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES TELEX 4243
|
|
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES TEDAS 4310
|
|
UNITED KINGDOM IPSS 2341
|
|
UNITED KINGDOM PSS 2342
|
|
UNITED KINGDOM MPDS MERCURY 2350
|
|
UNITED KINGDOM PSS MERCURY 2352
|
|
U.S.S.R. IASNET 2502
|
|
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TELENET 3110
|
|
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TYMNET 3106
|
|
U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS UDTS-PDIA 3300
|
|
URUGUAY 7482
|
|
ZIMBABWE ZIMNET 6482
|
|
|
|
Appendix E: Overseas PSNs Which Accept Collect Calls
|
|
====================================================
|
|
COUNTRY NETWORK
|
|
------- -------
|
|
ALASKA ALASCOM
|
|
CANADA DATAPAC
|
|
CHILE ECOM
|
|
COSTA RICA RACSA
|
|
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC CODETEL
|
|
HAWAII TELENET
|
|
ISRAEL ISRANET
|
|
MEXICO TELEPAC-SCT
|
|
PANAMA INTEL
|
|
PHILIPPINES ETPI
|
|
PUERTO RICO PRTC
|
|
|
|
|
|
Appendix F: Network Protocol List
|
|
=================================
|
|
Protocol Speed/bps Type
|
|
-------- --------- ------------
|
|
V.21 300 Asynchronous
|
|
V.22 1200 Asynchronous
|
|
V.23 1200/75 Asynchronous
|
|
V.xx 2400 Asynchronous
|
|
X.25 300-48000 Synchronous
|
|
X.28 300-19200 Asynchronous
|
|
X.29 300-19200 Synchronous
|
|
X.3 300-19200 Synchronous
|
|
X.32 24000 Synchronous
|
|
X.75 300-19200 Synchronous
|
|
Telex 50 Asynchronous
|
|
|
|
Appendix G: Glossary
|
|
====================
|
|
The following is a list of acronyms and terms which are often refered
|
|
to in this document and others dealing with this subject.
|
|
|
|
ACP - Adapter/Concentrator of Packets.
|
|
Area Code - The first three digits following the DNIC of any given NUA.
|
|
For example, the NUA 311031200324 has an area code of 312. Domestically,
|
|
the area code of the NUA may or may not correspond to the same NPA of
|
|
the area code, but this is not always the case.
|
|
Close User Group - A type of high security NUI in use on several PSNs
|
|
throughout the world. CUG users can access optional parameters
|
|
and NUAs blocked out by security.
|
|
CUG - Close User Group.
|
|
Data Country Code - The first three digits in the four digits of any
|
|
given DNIC.
|
|
Data Network Identifier Code - The four digits which come before the
|
|
area code/address/port address of any given NUA. The DNIC shows
|
|
which PSN any given host is based upon. The DNIC can also be broken
|
|
down into two parts, the DCC and the NC. For more information, see
|
|
part VIII.
|
|
DCC - Data Country Code.
|
|
Destination Paid Call - A collect call to a NUA which accepts collect charges.
|
|
DNIC - Data Network Identifier Code.
|
|
DTE - Data Terminal Equipment.
|
|
DTE Address - The five digits following the area code of the host on any
|
|
given NUA. For example, the NUA 234112345678 has a DTE address of
|
|
45678.
|
|
Gateway - A host on a given PSN which is connecte both the the originating
|
|
PSN and one or more different or same PSNs. Gateways also allow one user
|
|
on one PSN the ability to move to another PSN and operate on the second
|
|
as if the first was not interfering.
|
|
Host - Any system accessible by NUA on the PSN.
|
|
Hunt/Confirm Sequence - String of charachters sent to the SprintNet POTS
|
|
dialin/port which allows SprintNet to determine the speed and data type
|
|
to translate to on its PAD.
|
|
ITI Parameters - Online PAD parameters (X.3 or ITI) which allow the user
|
|
to modify existing physical measurements of packet length and otherwise.
|
|
LAN - Local Area Network.
|
|
Local Area Network - A data network which operates within the confines
|
|
of an office building or other physical structure where several
|
|
computers are linked together into a network in order to share data,
|
|
hardware, resources, etc. These may or may not own a host address on
|
|
any data network, and if so, may be accessed via NUA; otherwise
|
|
direct dialin is the only alternative.
|
|
NC - Network Code.
|
|
NCP - Nodes of Communication of Packets.
|
|
Network Code - The fourth digit of any given PSN's DNIC.
|
|
Network Protcol - The hardware protocol which allows the host systems to
|
|
communicate efficiently with the PSN it is connected to. Generally,
|
|
synchronous protcols (X.??) are used within the network and
|
|
asynchronous protcols (V.??) are used to access the network, but
|
|
asynchronous protcools within the network and/or synchronous dialin
|
|
points are not unheard of. The standard protocol for packet transfer
|
|
today is the X.25 synchronous data protcol. For detailed information,
|
|
please see part V and appendix F.
|
|
Network User Address - The address of any given host system on any
|
|
PSN. This address is thought of as a "phone number" which is dialed
|
|
to access the desired host. For detailed information on the X.121
|
|
format for the NUA, see part VIII.
|
|
Network User Identifier - The ID and password which allow the user
|
|
which has logged onto the PSN's PAD to originate calls to host systems
|
|
which do not accept collect calls. it is often thought of as a "k0de"
|
|
or a calling card which will be billed for at the end of every month.
|
|
NUA - Network User Address.
|
|
NUI - Network User Identifier.
|
|
Outdial - Any system which allows local, national, or international
|
|
dialing from the host system. PC-Pursuit can be defined as a local
|
|
outdial system. Most outdials operate using the Hayes AT command set
|
|
and others may be menu oriented.
|
|
Packet Assembler/Disassembler - The device/host which translates the
|
|
actual input/output between the host and the user. The PAD often
|
|
translates between baud rates, parities, data bits, stop bits,
|
|
hardware protocols, and other hardware dependant data which reduces
|
|
the hassle of continual modification of terminal and hardware
|
|
parameters local to the originating terminal.
|
|
Packet Switched Network - A network based upon the principle of packet
|
|
switching, which is the input/output of packets to and from the PAD
|
|
which translates input and output between the user and the host.
|
|
For detailed information, please see part IV.
|
|
Packet Switched System - Another name for the PSN.
|
|
Packet SwitchStream - The PSN used by British Telecom.
|
|
PAD Delay - The extra time that is used to translate incomming and
|
|
outgoing packets of data which is composed of a continous stream of
|
|
clear-to-send and ready-to-send signals. PAD delay can vary depending
|
|
on the type of network protocol and network/port speed is being
|
|
used.
|
|
PAD - Packet Assembler/Disassembler (technical), Public Access Device
|
|
(customer service description).
|
|
PDN - Public Data Network or Private Data Network.
|
|
Port Address - The two optional digits at the end of any given NUA which
|
|
allow the PAD/PSN to access a given port. For example, 031102129922255
|
|
would reach the nua 311021299222.55, .55 being the port address.
|
|
Private Data Network - Any network (LAN/WAN/PSN) which is owned and
|
|
operated by a private company. Private networks are usually smaller
|
|
than public networks and may host a myriad of features such as
|
|
gateways to other public/private networks, servers, or outdials.
|
|
PSN - Packet Switched Network.
|
|
PSS - Packet SwitchStream or Packet Switched System.
|
|
Public Data Network - Another name for the PSN.
|
|
Server - A type of network which is connected to a host system which can
|
|
be reached either via NUA or direct dial which provides the "brain"
|
|
for a LAN or WAN.
|
|
SprintNet - The new name for Telenet. A PSN which is based in the United
|
|
States and allows destination paid calls to originate from an un-
|
|
identified customer. The DNIC for SprintNet is 3110.
|
|
Telenet - The old name for SprintNet. This name change occured in 1990.
|
|
V.?? - Asynchronous network protocol.
|
|
WAN - Wide Area Network.
|
|
Wide Area Network - A data network which operates on a continuous link
|
|
basis as opposed to the packet switched basis. These do not operate
|
|
on the X.25 protocol and may only be accessed via direct-dial or
|
|
a host on a PSN which is linked with the WAN.
|
|
X.?? - Generally symbolizes some type of synchronous network protocol.
|
|
X.121 - International Host Address Format for PSNs. See Part VIII for
|
|
detailed information.
|
|
X.25 - By far the most widely used and standardized network/data protcol
|
|
used within the PSN system to connect hosts to the PSN.
|
|
Zero Handler - The preceding zero before any given international NUA
|
|
when "dialed" from within SprintNet. For example, the NUA 262412345678
|
|
would be typed as "0262412345678" from the SprintNet PAD. Most PAD
|
|
systems around the world do not require this handler.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Part XIV: Conclusion And Closing Comments
|
|
-----------------------------------------
|
|
Well, enough typing at last. I hope you enjoyed the file, since it
|
|
appears to cover most areas of the PSN domain sans private networks
|
|
to a full extent. Hopefully, this file has opened or helped you understand
|
|
the packet switched networks in today's telecommunication world and
|
|
will aid you in your quest for knowledge etc etc....
|
|
|
|
Doctor Dissector - PHA
|
|
|
|
% X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X %
|
|
X**=======================================================================**X
|
|
%!! (c)Copyright 1990, By Doctor Dissector & Phreakers/Hackers/Anarchists !!%
|
|
X**=======================================================================**X
|
|
% X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X % X %
|
|
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
=-GRAHAM-JOHN BULLERS=-=AB756@FREENET.TORONTO.ON.CA=-=ALT.2600.MODERATED-=
|
|
Lord grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change.The courage
|
|
to change the things I can.And the wisdom to hide the bodies of the people
|
|
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=I had to kill because they pissed me off=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
|
|
|