143 lines
6.5 KiB
Plaintext
143 lines
6.5 KiB
Plaintext
PrimoPyro1990
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
.... SMOKE FORMULAS ....
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
DISCLAIMER: The following file contains information of harmful or illegal
|
||
nature. Neither the BBS or author providing this information
|
||
can be considered responsible for the use of this file.
|
||
The person using this knowledge is solely responsible for
|
||
it's use or misuse. This file is intended to educate only.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Smokes are used mainly for screening purposes, so with this in mind this
|
||
file will concern itself mainly with white smoke. Smokes are mists or part-
|
||
icles suspended in the air. They remain suspended there until through envir-
|
||
omental conditions or static charge, they begin to attract each other or are
|
||
dispersed.
|
||
There are three ways to produce smokes: 1) Vaporizing oil, 2) Spraying a
|
||
reactive chemical in the air, 3) Burning a pyrotechnic mixture that releases
|
||
a smoke forming chemical.
|
||
1) When oil is used to make smoke the oil is sprayed into a device that heats
|
||
it up in a flash. The resulting oil vapor is exhausted to the air and when it
|
||
cools down it condenses into a mist. Remember the kerosene or propane fueled
|
||
insect fogger? This works on the same principal.
|
||
2) Certain chemicals react with the water in the air to produce a fog. As an
|
||
example there are Titanium Tetrachloride, Tin Tetrachloride, Chlorosulfonic
|
||
Acid, and Silicon Tetrachloride.
|
||
Perhaps the easiest to secure of these is titanium tetrachloride. If these
|
||
chemicals are used, keep in mind that they are corrosive so any spraying
|
||
equipment must be constructed of stainless steel or suitable material. You
|
||
can use titanium tet. by simply taping a small explosive charge onto a
|
||
bottle of the stuff. Just watch out for the glass fragments. Titanium tet.
|
||
usually comes in a sealed bottle that if opened cannot be sealed again.
|
||
3) Pyrotechnic formulas are made that either through a chemical reaction form
|
||
a smoke producing chemical or the heat released from burning the mixture
|
||
vaporizes a smoke producing chemical.
|
||
The first type of mixture forms chemicals such as aluminum chloride, zinc
|
||
chloride, zinc oxide, or sulfur dioxide. The second type of mixture uses
|
||
chemicals such as ammonium chloride, napthalene, or anthracene which are
|
||
vaporized without decomposition. When using mixtures containing a hydrocarbon
|
||
such as napthalene, care must be taken that the hot vapor does not catch fire
|
||
when it hits the open air. This will cause the amount of smoke to decrease
|
||
or cease alltogether. For this reason a chemical that produces carbon dioxide
|
||
when heated is added to the mixture. Following are some formulas of both
|
||
type 1 and 2. Also volatile chemicals such as napthalene oe hexachloroethane
|
||
can sublimate from these mixtures so they must be sealed airtight.
|
||
|
||
|
||
ALL FORMULAS BY WEIGHT
|
||
|
||
Type 1 formulas: Potassium Chlorate 20 - 30%
|
||
Ammonium Chloride 50%
|
||
Napthalene 20%
|
||
Charcoal 0 - 10%
|
||
Usually it is not safe to use an ammonium salt and a chlorate together in a
|
||
mixture but in this case this mixture is usually pretty stable with a storage
|
||
life of about 10 years if kept dry. If there is a problem with flaming when
|
||
this formula is used, decrease the ammonium chloride by about 5% and add
|
||
5% sodium bicarbonate.
|
||
|
||
Potassium Chlorate 60%
|
||
Lactose 20%
|
||
Ammonium Chloride 20%
|
||
This is a fairly good formula but may not give as much as smoke as the first.
|
||
|
||
Potassium Nitrate 60%
|
||
Sugar 40%
|
||
Combine these 2 chemicals in a small amount of boiling water. Pour the mix
|
||
out onto a sheet of plastic and while it dries, start breaking it into small
|
||
pieces. When it is dry, grind it into a powder in a non-sparking mortar and
|
||
pestle. Add to it 80% by weight of ammonium chloride. I have had some success
|
||
with this mix. You can decrease the amount of chloride for better burning.
|
||
|
||
Type 2 formulas: Sulfur 55%
|
||
Potassium Nitrate 40%
|
||
Fine Charcoal 5%
|
||
Mix these chemicals together well and be sure the mixture is free of sulfur
|
||
chunks. This is slow burning and the smoke consists of sulfur trioxide,
|
||
sulfur dioxide and vaporized sulfur.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Hexachloroethane 45%
|
||
Zinc Oxide 45%
|
||
Fine Aluminum 10%
|
||
This mixture was used in the american armed forces and is known as HC. A
|
||
charge with a weight of about 8 oz. can produce over 100,000 cu. ft. of a
|
||
dense gray white smoke. If the aluminum is not a fine powder it will be
|
||
almost impossible to ignite.
|
||
|
||
Hexachloroethane 53%
|
||
Zinc Dust 44%
|
||
Magnesium Oxide 3%
|
||
This formula is similar to HC. The smoke consists of zinc chloride.
|
||
|
||
Hexachloroethane 45%
|
||
Zinc Oxide 45%
|
||
Calcium Silicide 10%
|
||
This is an interesting formula. In addition to producing a zinc chloride
|
||
smoke, it also forms silicon tetrachloride which reacts with moisture in the
|
||
air to produce silicic acid which is a smoke agent in itself.
|
||
|
||
Hexachloroethane 40 - 45%
|
||
Zinc Oxide 20 - 40%
|
||
Ammonium Perchlorate 35 - 10%
|
||
Powdered Charcoal 5%
|
||
This is a newer formula and is mixed after being dampened with a 5% PVC
|
||
solution (use PVC pipe primer as a solvent). The rate of burning depends on
|
||
the amount of ammonium perchlorate. The smoke consists of ammonium chloride,
|
||
and zinc chloride.
|
||
|
||
Magnesium Powder 8%
|
||
Red Phosphorous 51%
|
||
Manganese Dioxide 35%
|
||
Zinc Oxide 3%
|
||
Linseed Oil 3%
|
||
This formula which contains red phosphorous is very good as phosphorous is
|
||
the best masking smoke agent. Red phosphorous is very easily ignited so mix
|
||
this chemical when dampened with a small amount of alcohol. It produces a
|
||
complex smoke of phosphorous anhydride which reacts with moisture in the air.
|
||
|
||
|
||
These formulas are usually contained in a stout cardboard cylinder which has
|
||
a number of vent holes. A tube with a 1" I.D. 5" long and 1/4'walls is a
|
||
good starting point for any of these formulas. Holes can be drilled in the
|
||
sides of the tube then covered over with tape. A smoke pot is a large can
|
||
that contains at least 2 lbs. of a smoke mixture. These can put out over
|
||
500,000 cu. ft. of smoke.
|
||
Although the above mixtures are not outright poisonous, do not breathe in
|
||
too much of the smoke if possible. Do not use these indoors and be careful of
|
||
accidental fires the smoke bombs can cause.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
*** Kilroy was here ***
|
||
|