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4758 lines
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I N T R O D U C T I O N
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---------------------------
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January 1990
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One day, while raiding my parents attic, I came across some old books
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we had enjoyed as children. "YOUNG'S DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION OF
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SCIENTIFIC SECRETS" being one of them. Everyone liked to look through the
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old book to see the way things were done over one hundred and twenty five
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years ago.
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The problem, of course, was that the combination of age and frequent
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handling were having a disastrous effect on the book's physical condition.
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The solution was to copy the book so we could enjoy what it contained
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||
without further damage to the original.
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During the summer of 1987 my nephew (Bob Gravonic) and I copied it on
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||
to my computer. It's been done as faithfully as possible. Obscure items
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||
have been copied exactly as printed and many of the spellings which you
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||
may attribute to copy mistakes are as they were originally printed.
|
||
While every effort has been made to ensure that what you now have is an
|
||
exact copy of the original text, we make no guarantees to this end. We
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||
definitely do not encourage the use of the remedies or medicines listed in
|
||
the text for various ailments and diseases.
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||
Some of the ingredients called for in many of the receipts may leave
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||
you puzzled. Join the club. We don't know where to find "two scruples of
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calomel" (No. 344) either. And we're sure the SPCA would have something
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to say about pouring fresh melted butter in a horse's ears (No. 321).
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My own favorite is number 509, the GOOD SAMARITAN PAIN KILLER which
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begins with two quarts of 95% alcohol and one ounce of the oil of
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turpentine.
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Our family has had much enjoyment from this curious old book. We hope
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you do to.
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Paul Hubbs
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Toronto, Ontario (Canada)
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January 6, 1990
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Y O U N G ' S
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D E M O N S T R A T I V E T R A N S L A T I O N
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O F
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S C I E N T I F I C S E C R E T S ;
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O R
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A C O L L E C T I O N O F A B O V E
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5 0 0 U S E F U L R E C E I P T S
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O N A V A R I E T Y O F S U B J E C T S
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T O R O N T O
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P R I N T E D B Y R O W S E L L & E L L I S,
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K I N G S T R E E T E A S T
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----------
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1 8 6 1
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-------------------------------------------------------------------
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ENTERED ACCORDING TO ACT OF PROVINCIAL LEGISLATURE, IN THE YEAR
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OF OUR LORD ONE THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED AND SIXTY-ONE,
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BY: DANIEL YOUNG,
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IN THE OFFICE OF THE REGISTRAR OF THE PROVINCE OF CANADA
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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I N T R O D U C T I O N
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||
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The object of the present work is clearly announced in its title. It is to
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||
collect within a small compass the instructions of experimental knowledge
|
||
upon a great variety of subjects which relate to the present interests of
|
||
man. It contains above five hundred genuine and practical receipts, which
|
||
have been compiled by the publisher with extreme difficulty and expense. A
|
||
reference to the list of subjects which the work contains, will show that
|
||
the publisher's researches have been extensive, while a comparison of the
|
||
work with others of the same general character evinces patient labour, and
|
||
cannot fail to give it pre-eminence. While the track pursued is not new,
|
||
it is more thorough, and more easily followed than that marked out by any
|
||
previous compiler known to myself. The work contains not merely the
|
||
outlines on the subjects to which it refers, but, what appears to my own
|
||
mind one of its excellences, the full and clear explanations of these
|
||
subjects. To all classes of people, without exception, the work is of
|
||
great value. It is fit, on every account, that the publisher should be
|
||
encouraged in this production. The work is worthy the acceptance of all,
|
||
and one which every man may prize.
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||
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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E R R A T A
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Page 117, and seventh line from top, and page 60, third line from bottom,
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||
says - tin of silver foil, they should be silver leaf.
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Demonstrative Translation
|
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of
|
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SCIENTIFIC SECRETS
|
||
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----------------
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|
||
1. ORIENTAL PAINTING
|
||
Any bunch of roses or flowers, or any thing of the kind that you admire,
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||
take the pattern of by placing them against a light of window glass, then
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||
lay a piece of white paper over them, and through the latter you will see
|
||
the roses, &c. Now with a lead pencil take the pattern of the roses, &c.,
|
||
on the paper; when you have them all marked, cut then out with a scissors,
|
||
so that you have a complete pattern of them. Now take a piece of glass,
|
||
whatever size your pattern requires, stick the pattern on it with wafers,
|
||
then paint the glass all over, except where the pattern covers, with black
|
||
paint, composed of refined lampblack, black enamel, copel varnish and
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||
turpentine, mixed. Now let this dry, then take off your patterns and paint
|
||
your roses, flowers, &c., with tube paints, mixed with demar varnish, so
|
||
that your roses, &c., may be, in a manner, transparent. Paint your large
|
||
roses red, some of the smaller ones yellow, or any colour to suit your
|
||
taste. Paint one side of the leaves a darker shade of green than the
|
||
other, which will make the picture appear as though the sun was shining on
|
||
it. When this painting is dry, take silver or gold foil, (gold is best,)
|
||
wrinkle it up in your hand then nearly straighten it, and cover the back
|
||
of the glass all over with it; over the large roses let the wrinkles be
|
||
larger, over the small ones smaller, &c.; then lay a piece of stiff paper,
|
||
the size of the glass, over the foil, and a piece of very thin board again
|
||
over this; have it framed in this manner and it is completed. You now have
|
||
one of the richest of paintings, which is commonly taught at a cost of $5.
|
||
You may buy all you require for this painting at the druggist's.
|
||
|
||
2. TRANSFER PAINTING ON GLASS
|
||
This is for transferring any picture plate you please to glass, to be
|
||
framed. First give the glass a coat of demar varnish; let it remain for
|
||
eight hours, or until dry; at this time have your picture thoroughly
|
||
soaked in warm water; then give the glass another coat of demar varnish,
|
||
and take the picture out of the water; then let it and the glass remain
|
||
for twenty minutes, by which time the water will be struck in from the
|
||
face of the picture, after which you will place the front of the picture
|
||
on the varnished glass, (avoiding wrinkles and spots of water,) press it
|
||
well on until every part is stuck fast, then carefully rub the paper all
|
||
away to a mere film; give the glass then, over this film, another coat of
|
||
demar varnish, which will make the film transparent; let it dry; then
|
||
place the glass, with the varnished side towards you, between you and the
|
||
light, and you will see the outlines of the picture quite distinctly; you
|
||
may then paint on the back with tube paints, mixed with a little demar
|
||
varnish to assist in drying, to suit your taste. For instance, if the
|
||
picture is that of a lady, you may paint the dress red, the shawl or cape,
|
||
as it may be, blue, the face flesh colour, (which colour may be made by
|
||
mixing a little red with white,) the bonnet scarlet, the shoes black; if
|
||
trees, have them green, &c. All you want for this painting you may also
|
||
buy at the druggist's. This painting is very simple and elegant, it is
|
||
commonly taught at a cost of $3. Try it, you cannot fail.
|
||
|
||
3. TRANSFER VARNISH
|
||
Take of Canada balsam 3 drachms; gum sandric 3 drachms; spirits of wine
|
||
1/2 pint. Dissolve the balsam and gum in the spirits of wine and it is
|
||
ready for use.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
4. WHITE SPIRIT VARNISH - THE VERY BEST.
|
||
Take of gum sandrack 4 ounces; mastic 1 ounce; Elmi rosin 1/2 ounce;
|
||
Venice turpentine 1 ounce; alcohol 15 ounces. Digest in a bottle,
|
||
frequently shaking, till the gums are dissolved, and it is ready for use.
|
||
|
||
5. TRANSFER PAINTING ON WOOD
|
||
By this you may transfer any picture you please from paper to a cutter
|
||
back, or any other substance you please. Give the board three coats of
|
||
white spirit varnish, receipt No.4; damp the back of the print with strong
|
||
vinegar; give the front a very heavy coat of the transfer varnish, receipt
|
||
No.3; then press it on the board, avoiding creases; when perfectly dry and
|
||
fast, rub the paper away; the print is indelibly fixed; then varnish it
|
||
over as you would any other painting. This receipt has been commonly sold
|
||
for $5.
|
||
|
||
6. ELECTRO GOLD PLATING - NEW METHOD
|
||
Take 100 grams of laminated gold, mixed with 20 grams of hydrochloric
|
||
acid; 10 grams of nitric acid; the liquid thus composed is placed over a
|
||
moderate fire, and stirred constantly until the gold passes into the state
|
||
of chlorine; it is then allowed to cool. A second liquid is formed by
|
||
dissolving 60 grams of cyanide of potassium in 80 grams of distilled
|
||
waters; the two liquids are mixed together in a decanter and stirred for
|
||
20 minutes, and then filtered. Finally 100 grams of whiting, dry and
|
||
sifted, are mixed with 5 grams of pulverised supertartrate of potass; this
|
||
new powder is dissolved in a portion of the above described liquid, in
|
||
sufficient quantity to form a paste of the proper consistency to be spread
|
||
with a pencil on the article or part to be gilded. The superabundant
|
||
powder is then removed by washing and the article is beautifully gilded
|
||
with a heavy or light coat, according to the quantity of paste used. Grams
|
||
belong to French weights, four grams are a little more than one drachm.
|
||
|
||
ELECTRO SILVERING - NEW METHOD
|
||
10 grams of nitrate of silver are dissolved in 50 grams of distilled
|
||
water; then 25 grams of cyanide of potassium in 50 grams of distilled
|
||
water; the two liquids are mixed in a decanter, and stirred for 10
|
||
minutes; it is then filtered. Finally, 100 grams of sifted whiting are
|
||
mixed with 10 grams of pulverised supertartrate of potass and one gram of
|
||
mercury. This powder and dissolving liquid are used in the same manner as
|
||
in the above method of gold plating. These excellent methods of silvering
|
||
and gilding were discovered in June 1860, by the great French chemist
|
||
Baldooshong of Paris France. It is far superior to any other method ever
|
||
discovered, and will eventually take the place of all.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
8. ELECTRO GOLD PLATING - USUAL METHOD
|
||
Take a $2 50c. piece of gold, and put it into a mixture of 1 ounce of
|
||
nitric and 4 ounces of muriatic acids, (glass vessels only are to be used
|
||
in this work,) when it is all cut dissolve 1/2 an ounce of sulphate of
|
||
potash in one pint of pure rain water, and mix the gold solution, stirring
|
||
well; then let stand and the gold will be thrown down; then pour off the
|
||
acid fluid, and wash the gold in two or three waters, or until no acid is
|
||
tasted by touching the tongue to the gold. Now dissolve one ounce of
|
||
cyanuret of potassium in one pint of pure rain water, to which add the
|
||
gold, and it is ready to use. Clear the article to be plated from all dirt
|
||
and grease with whiting and a good brush; if there are cracks it may be
|
||
necessary to put the article in a solution of caustic potash. At all
|
||
events every particle of dirt and grease must be removed; then suspend the
|
||
article in the cyanuret of gold solution, with a small strip of zinc cut
|
||
about the width of a common knitting needle, hooking the top over a stick
|
||
which will reach across the top of the vessel or bottle holding the
|
||
solution. If the zinc is too large the deposit will be made so fast that
|
||
it will scale off. The slower the plating goes on the better, and this is
|
||
arranged by the size if the zinc used. When not using the plating fluid
|
||
keep it well corked and it is always ready to use, bearing in mind that it
|
||
is poison as arsenic, and must be put high out of the way of children, and
|
||
labelled poison, although you need have no fear using it; yet accidents
|
||
might arise it its nature were not known.
|
||
|
||
9. ELECTRO SILVERING - USUAL METHOD
|
||
This is done every way the same as gold plating (using coin) except that
|
||
rock salt is used instead of the cyanuret of potassium to hold the silver
|
||
in solution for use, and when it is of the proper strength of salt it has
|
||
a thick curdy appearance, or you can add salt until the silver will
|
||
deposit on the article to be plated, which is all that is required. No
|
||
hesitation need be felt in trying these receipts, as they are obtained
|
||
from a genuine source, and are in every day use.
|
||
|
||
10. GOLD PLATING FLUID
|
||
Warm six ounces of pure rain water, and dissolve in it 2 ounces of cyanide
|
||
of potassium, then add a 1/4 ounce oxide of gold; the solution will at
|
||
first be yellowish, but will soon subside to white; then half fill a
|
||
bottle with whiting, fill it up with this solution and shake it well; you
|
||
may now take a piece of old cotton, wet it with the solution, rub it well
|
||
over brass, copper, &c., and it is nicely washed with gold.
|
||
|
||
11. SILVER PLATING FLUID
|
||
Dissolve one ounce of nitrate of silver, in crystal, in 12 ounces of soft
|
||
water; then dissolve in the water two ounces of cyanuret of potash; shake
|
||
the whole together and let it stand until it becomes clear. Have ready
|
||
some 1/2 ounce vials, and fill them half full of whiting, then fill up the
|
||
bottles and it is ready for use. The whiting does not increase the coating
|
||
powder - it only helps to clear the articles and save the silver fluid by
|
||
half filling the bottles. The above quantity of materials will cost about
|
||
$1.62c., so that the fluid will be about 3 cents a bottle. It is used in
|
||
the same way as the gold plating fluid.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
12. QUICKSILVER PLATING FLUID
|
||
Take of quicksilver one ounce, one ounce nitric acid, one ten cent piece,
|
||
rain water 1/2 pint to a pint, put the three first articles into a tumbler
|
||
together; let them stand until dissolved, occasionally stirring, then add
|
||
the water, and it is ready for use. This is used in the same way as the
|
||
silver and gold plating fluid.
|
||
|
||
13. TO GILD STEEL
|
||
Pour some of the ethereal solution of gold into a wine-glass, and dip into
|
||
it the blade of a new penknife, lancet, razor, &c., withdraw the
|
||
instrument and allow the ether to evaporate, the blade will then be found
|
||
to be covered with a beautiful coat of gold; the blade may be moistened
|
||
with a clean rag or a small piece of very dry sponge dipped into the
|
||
ether, and the same effect will be produced.
|
||
|
||
14. TO GILD COPPER, BRASS, &c. - BY AN AMALGAM
|
||
The gilding of these inferior metals and alloys of them is effected by the
|
||
assistance of mercury with which the gold is amalgamated. The mercury is
|
||
evaporated while the gold is fixed by the application of heat, the whole
|
||
is then burnished of left mat in the whole or in part, according as
|
||
required.
|
||
|
||
15. GILDING GLASS AND PORCELAIN
|
||
Dissolve in boiling linseed oil an equal weight either of copal or amber,
|
||
and add as much oil of turpentine as will enable you to apply the compound
|
||
or size thus formed as thin as possible to the parts of the glass intended
|
||
to be gilt; the glass is to be placed in a stove till it is so warm as
|
||
almost to burn the fingers when handled. At this temperature the size
|
||
becomes adhesive, and a piece of leaf gold applied in the usual way will
|
||
immediately stick. Sweep off the superfluous portions of the leaf, and
|
||
when quite cold it may be burnished, taking care to interpose a piece of
|
||
india paper between the gold and the burnisher. It sometimes happens when
|
||
the varnish is not very good that by repeated washing the gold wears off;
|
||
on this account the practice of burning it in is sometimes had recourse
|
||
to; for this purpose some gold powder is ground with borax, and in this
|
||
state applied to the clean surface of the glass by a camel hair pencil;
|
||
when quite dry the glass is put into a stove, heated to about the
|
||
temperature of an annealing oven, the gum burns off; and the borax, by
|
||
vitrifying, cements the gold with great firmness to the glass, after which
|
||
it may be burnished.
|
||
The gilding upon porcelain is in like manner fixed by heat and the use of
|
||
borax, and this kind of ware, being neither transparent nor liable to
|
||
soften, and thus to be injured in its form in a low red heat, is free from
|
||
the risk and injury which the finer and more fusible kinds of glass are
|
||
apt to sustain from such treatment. Porcelain and other wares may be
|
||
platinized, silvered, tinned, or bronzed, in a similar manner.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
16. GILDING THE EDGES OF PAPER
|
||
The edges of the leaves of books and letter paper are gilded whilst in a
|
||
horizontal position in the bookbinder's press or some arrangement of the
|
||
same nature, by first applying a composition formed of four parts of
|
||
Armenian-bole and one of candied sugar, ground together with water to a
|
||
proper consistence, and laid on by a brush with the white of an egg. This
|
||
coating, when nearly dry is smoothed be the burnisher, it is then slightly
|
||
moistened by a sponge dipped in clean water and squeezed in the hand; the
|
||
gold leaf is now taken up on a piece of cotton from the leathern cushion
|
||
and applied on the moistened surface; when dry it is to be burnished by
|
||
rubbing the burnisher over it repeatedly from end to end, taking care not
|
||
to wound the surface by the point.
|
||
|
||
17. PROFESSOR WORTS' AMALGAM FOR SILVERING
|
||
This is the only means yet discovered for silvering iron directly, yet it
|
||
is not so lasting as some of the other processes. Take quicksilver and the
|
||
metal potassium, equal parts by volume, put them together in a tumbler,
|
||
and if both metals be good there will be a brisk ebullition, which
|
||
continues until an amalgam of the two is formed, then add as much
|
||
quicksilver as there is of the amalgam; let it work till thoroughly mixed,
|
||
and it is ready for use. This amalgam you may apply with a cloth to any
|
||
metal, even iron, though it be a rusty bar, and you have it neatly
|
||
silvered over.
|
||
|
||
18. FOR COPPERING IRON
|
||
This is the latest method, and that now in use. To a solution of sulphate
|
||
of copper, add a solution of ferrocyanide of pottasium, so long as a
|
||
precipitate continues to be formed. This is allowed to settle, and the
|
||
clear liquor being decanted the vessel is filled with water, and when the
|
||
precipitate settles the liquor is again decanted, and continue to repeat
|
||
these washings until the sulphate of potash is washed quite out; this is
|
||
known by adding a little chloride of barium to a small quantity of the
|
||
washings, and when there is no white precipitate formed by the test, the
|
||
precipitate is sufficiently washed. A solution of cyanide of potassium is
|
||
now added to this precipitate until it is dissolved, during which process
|
||
the solution becomes warm by the chemical re-action which takes place. The
|
||
solution is filtered, and allowed to repose all night. If the solution of
|
||
cyanide of potassium that is used is strong, the greater portion of the
|
||
ferrocyanide of potassium crystalises in the solution, and may be
|
||
collected and preserved for use again. If the solution of cyanide of
|
||
potassium used to dissolve the precipitate is dilute, it will be necessary
|
||
to condense the liquor by evaporation to obtain the yellow prussiate in
|
||
crystals. The remaining solution is the coppering solution; should it not
|
||
be convenient to separate the yellow prussiate by crystallization, the
|
||
presence of that salt in the solution does not deteriorate it nor
|
||
interfere with its power of depositing copper.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
19. PECULIARITIES IN WORKING CYANIDE OF COPPER SOLUTION
|
||
The true composition of the salts thus formed by copper and cyanide of
|
||
potassium has not yet been determined, but their relations to the battery
|
||
and electrolyzation are peculiar. The solution must be worked at a heat
|
||
not less than from 150~ to 200~ Farenheit (that is not quite as hot a
|
||
boiling water, which is 212~ Farenheit.) All other solutions we have tried
|
||
follow the laws, that if the electricity is so strong as to cause gas to
|
||
be evolved at the electrode, the metal will be deposited in a sandy or
|
||
powdered state, but the solution of cyanide of copper and potassium is an
|
||
exception to these laws, as there is no reguline deposit obtained unless
|
||
gas is freely evolved from the surface of the article upon which the
|
||
deposit is taking place. As this solution is used hot, a considerable
|
||
evaporation takes place, which requires that additions be made to the
|
||
solution from time to time. If water alone be used for this purpose it
|
||
will precipitate a great quantity of the copper as a white powder, but
|
||
this is prevented by dissolving a little cyanide of potassium in the water
|
||
at the rate of 4 ounces to the gallon. The vessels used in factories for
|
||
this solution are generally of copper, which are heated over a flue or in
|
||
a sand-bath, the vessel itself serving as the positive electrode of the
|
||
battery; but any vessel will suit if a copper electrode is employed when
|
||
the vessel is not of copper.
|
||
|
||
20. PREPARATION OF IRON FOR COATING WITH COPPER
|
||
When it is required to cover an iron article with copper, it is first
|
||
steeped in hot caustic potash or soda to remove any grease or oil. Being
|
||
washed from that it is placed for a short time in diluted sulphuric acid,
|
||
consisting of about one part acid to 16 parts of water, which removes any
|
||
oxide that may exist. It is then washed in water and scoured with sand
|
||
till the surface is perfectly clean, and finally attached to the battery
|
||
and immersed in the cyanide solution. All this must be done with despatch
|
||
so as to prevent the iron combining with oxygen. An immersion of five
|
||
minutes duration in the cyanide solution is sufficient to deposit upon the
|
||
iron a film of copper, but it is necessary to the complete protection of
|
||
the iron that it should have a considerably thick coating, and as the
|
||
cyanide process is expensive, it is preferable when the iron has received
|
||
a film of copper by the cyanide solution, to take it out, wash it in
|
||
water, and attach to it a simple cell or weak battery, and put it into a
|
||
solution of sulphate of copper. If there is any part not sufficiently
|
||
covered with copper by the cyanide solution, the sulphate will make these
|
||
parts of a dark colour, which a touch of the finger will remove. When such
|
||
is the case, the article must be taken out, scoured, and put again into
|
||
the cyanide solution till perfectly covered. A little practice will render
|
||
this very easy. The sulphate solution for covering iron should be prepared
|
||
by adding it by degrees a little caustic potash, so long as the
|
||
precipitate formed is re-dissolved. This neutralizes a great portion of
|
||
the sulphuric acid, and thus the iron is not so readily acted upon. When
|
||
the iron is thus coppered, proceed to silver it in the manner recommended
|
||
for silvering according to receipt No.9; or if you want to put a very
|
||
heavy coating of silver on it, make use of a strong battery.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
21. SOLDERING FLUID
|
||
For mending articles of tin, iron, zinc, copper, and almost all other
|
||
metals. Take 2 fl. ounces of muriatic acid, add zinc till bubbles cease to
|
||
rise, add 1/2 a teaspoonful of sal ammoniac and 2 ounces of water. Damp
|
||
the part you wish to solder with this fluid, lay on a small piece of lead,
|
||
and with a piece of hot iron or soldering iron solder the part.
|
||
|
||
22. SOLDER FOR TIN
|
||
Take of pewter 4 parts, tin 1 part, bismuth 1 part; melt them together.
|
||
Resin is used with this solder.
|
||
|
||
23. COLD METHOD OF SILVERING IRON WITH SILVER-PLATE
|
||
Polish the iron toy wish to silver, then damp it over with soldering fluid
|
||
(receipt No.21) When this is done give it a coat of No.22 solder. This is
|
||
done by laying a piece of cold solder on the iron, and spreading it over
|
||
with a heated soldering iron, when by this means you get the iron nicely
|
||
plated with solder, then lay on your silver-plate evenly, and gently rub
|
||
it over with the heated soldering iron, and it will become firmly united
|
||
with the solder as the solder is with the iron, so that you have the iron
|
||
beautifully plated with silver with very little cost or trouble.
|
||
|
||
24. HOT METHOD OF SILVERING IRON WITH SILVER-PLATE
|
||
First polish the iron you wish to silver, wet it well over with No.21
|
||
soldering fluid; then having procured that kind of silver-plate which is
|
||
tin on one side and silver on the other, place it evenly on, with the
|
||
tined side next to the iron, then place it on the fire until the
|
||
silver-plate melts down, then at once take it from the fire, and it will
|
||
be firmly attached to the iron, and will be excellent plate; yet No.23,
|
||
the cold method, is to be preferred in most cases.
|
||
|
||
25. SILVERING LOOKING-GLASSES WITH QUICKSILVER
|
||
Take a piece of marble or some other substance very smooth, true, and
|
||
level, lay on this the glass you wish to silver, then make a ridge of
|
||
putty on the marble against the edge of the glass all round it, so that
|
||
you can pour quicksilver on the glass until it is all covered over, and
|
||
will be prevented from running off by the ridge of putty; an inch or two,
|
||
or three outside this ridge make another of putty; then cover the
|
||
quicksilver on the glass all over with tin-foil, and press it firmly but
|
||
cautiously against the glass until you have squeezed out all the
|
||
quicksilver you can. while you press this you may remove part of the first
|
||
ridge of putty to give the quicksilver a chance of escape. When it is well
|
||
pressed against the glass there will be an amalgam formed of the tin-foil
|
||
and the quicksilver that is left, which will firmly adhere to the glass.
|
||
By this means you have a very beautiful and cheap looking-glass; the
|
||
quicksilver that escapes, being saved by the second ridge of putty, may be
|
||
used again.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
26. SILVERING LOOKING-GLASSES WITH PURE SILVER
|
||
Prepare a mixture of 3 grains of ammonia, 60 grains of nitrate of silver,
|
||
90 minims of spirits of wine, 90 minims of water; when the nitrate of
|
||
silver is dissolved, filter the liquid and add a small quantity of sugar
|
||
(15 grains) dissolved in 1 1/2 oz. of water, and 1 1/2 oz. of spirits of
|
||
wine. Put the glass into this mixture, having one side covered with
|
||
varnish, gum, or some substance to prevent the silver being attached to
|
||
it. Let it remain for a few days and you have a most elegant
|
||
looking-glass, yet it is far more costly than the quicksilver.
|
||
|
||
27. PATENT BURNING FLUID
|
||
To 1 gallon of 95 per cent. alcohol, add 1 quart of camphene oil; mix and
|
||
shake well, and if transparent it is fit for use, if not, add sufficient
|
||
alcohol, shaking it well, to bring it to the natural colour of the
|
||
alcohol. It may be coloured to suit the fancy by adding a little tincture
|
||
of golden seal, or any other colouring drug. This receipt has been sold
|
||
for $10.
|
||
|
||
28. BURNING FLUID
|
||
Take 4 quarts alcohol, and 1 quart spirits of turpentine; mix well
|
||
together, and it is ready for use.
|
||
|
||
29. NON-EXPLOSIVE BURNING FLUID
|
||
Take 1 gallon 44 proof alcohol, 1 quart camphene, 3 oz. of alum
|
||
pulverized, 1/2 oz. camphor gum, 65 drops cuicuma; mix all together and
|
||
let it stand 12 hours, and it is ready for use.
|
||
|
||
30. VINEGAR IN THREE DAYS WITHOUT DRUGS
|
||
Take 2 barrels and saw one of them in two in the centre, and put one-half
|
||
on the top, and the other at the bottom of the whole barrel, (or you may
|
||
use three whole barrels if you like.) The middle barrel is to be filled
|
||
with maple, beech, of baswood shavings, which are to be planed from the
|
||
edge of boards only two or three feet long, which allows the shavings to
|
||
roll, and prevents them form packing tight, and also allows air to
|
||
circulate through them, which is admitted through a number of inch holes,
|
||
which are to be made near the bottom of the barrel and just above the
|
||
faucet, which lets the vinegar run into the tub below. The top tub has its
|
||
bottom pierced with small bit holes, having several threads of twine
|
||
hanging in them to conduct the vinegar evenly over the top of the shavings
|
||
in the middle of the barrel. Air must be permitted to pass out between the
|
||
top tub and barrel, which comes in at the holes in the bottom. The
|
||
shavings which fill the barrel must be soaked three or four days in good
|
||
vinegar before they are put in. When thus arranged, for every gallon of
|
||
water use 1/2 lb. of sugar; (that you get from molasses barrels does vary
|
||
well.) If you wish to make vinegar from whiskey, put in 4 gallons of water
|
||
to 1 gallon of whiskey; and if from cider, put in one-third water, and
|
||
fill the top tub with this fluid, putting 1 pint good yeast to each barrel
|
||
making; and have the holes with threads or twine so arranged that it will
|
||
run through every twelve hours; and dip or pump up with a wooden pump
|
||
every night or morning, and three days will make good substantial vinegar,
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
which will keep and also improve by age. Some use only 1 gallon of whiskey
|
||
to 7 gallons of water. This accounts for so much poor vinegar. Make good
|
||
vinegar, it will pay you. If a few gallons of water if made boiling hot so
|
||
as to warm the whole of a gentle warmth, it will make faster than if used
|
||
cold. This must be done in cool weather, and the room also should be kept
|
||
warm. For families, small kegs will do, but for manufacturers large casks
|
||
are best. Many make vinegar by just putting fluid into the barrels of
|
||
shavings, soaked as directed above, and do not let it run through, but let
|
||
it stand in the shavings till sour; but it does not work fast enough for
|
||
manufacturers. It will do where only a small amount is needed, keeping the
|
||
same strength of fluid as for the other plan, which is best. Two or three
|
||
years ago, this receipt was sold for from $50 to $150. If vinegar is made
|
||
from whiskey, it will have a more beautiful color if 5 or 6 lbs. of sugar
|
||
is put into each barrel, of course keeping the same proportions of water
|
||
as though only one kind was used. The shavings will last the whole season.
|
||
|
||
31. CUBA HONEY
|
||
Good brown sugar 11 lbs., water 1 quart, old bee honey in the comb 2 lbs.,
|
||
cream tartar 50 grains, gum arabic 1 oz., oil of peppermint 5 drops, oil
|
||
of rose 2 drops, mix and boil two or three minutes and remove from the
|
||
fire, have ready strained one quart of water, in which a table-spoonful of
|
||
pulverized slippery elm bark has stood sufficiently long to make it ropy
|
||
and thick life honey, mix this into the kettle with egg well beat up, skim
|
||
well in a few minutes, and when a little cool, add two pounds of nice
|
||
strained bees' honey, and then strain the whole, and you will have not
|
||
only an article which looks and tastes like honey, but which possesses all
|
||
its medicinal properties. It has been shipped in large quantities under
|
||
the name of Cuba honey. It will keep fresh and nice for any length of time
|
||
if properly covered.
|
||
|
||
32. EXCELLENT HONEY
|
||
Take 5 lbs. of good common sugar, two pounds of water, gradually bring to
|
||
a boil, skimming well, when cool, add 1 lb. bees' honey, and 4 drops of
|
||
peppermint. If you desire a better article use white sugar and 1/2 lb.
|
||
less water, and one half pound more honey.
|
||
|
||
33. GUNPOWDER
|
||
Take pulverized saltpetre, moisten it, and subject it to the action of a
|
||
slow fire until completely dried and granulated, of this take 75 parts,
|
||
purified sugar 12 and a-half parts, moisten and grind together till
|
||
completely blended, which will require several hours, pulverize on heaters
|
||
till dried.
|
||
|
||
34. EXCELLENT MATCHES
|
||
The ends of the tapers or wood should be very dry, and then dipped in hot
|
||
melted sulphur and laid aside to dry; then take 4 parts of glue, dissolve
|
||
it and while hot add one part of phosphorus, and stir in a few spoonsful
|
||
of fine whiting to bring to the proper thickness. This preparation should
|
||
be kept hot by being suspended over a lamp, while dipping the wood or
|
||
tapers. Colour the mixture by adding a little vermillion, lamp black or
|
||
prussian blue; be careful not to ignite the compound while dipping.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
35. FIRE AND WATER-PROOF CEMENT
|
||
To half a pint of milk add half a pint of vinegar to curdle it; then
|
||
separate the curd from the whey, and mix the whey with 4 or 5 eggs;
|
||
beating the whole well together; when it is well mixed, add a little
|
||
quick-lime through a sieve, until it has acquired the consistence of a
|
||
thick paste. This is a prime article for cementing marble, in or out of
|
||
the weather. It is excellent for broken vessels, &c.
|
||
|
||
36.FRENCH CHEMICAL SOAP
|
||
Take 5 lbs. castile soap, cut fine, 1 pint alcohol, 1 pint soft water, 2
|
||
ounces aquafortis (if for black cloth 1/2 ounce of lampblack,) 2 ounces
|
||
saltpetre, 3 ounces potash, 1 ounce camphor, 4 ounces cinnamon in powder.
|
||
Fist dissolve the soap, potash, and saltpetre by boiling, then add all the
|
||
other articles, and continue to stir until it cools, then pour it into a
|
||
box, let it stand 24 hours, and cut it into cakes. It is used for taking
|
||
grease, stains, and paints from cloth, wood, &c. This receipt has
|
||
frequently sold for $10.
|
||
|
||
37. BLACK INK WITHOUT SEDIMENT
|
||
This ink is not injured by frost - is a beautiful article, and only costs
|
||
5 cents. per gallon, and is sold for from $1 to $3.
|
||
Take 1 lb. logwood, 1 gallon soft water, simmer in an iron vessel for one
|
||
hour, then dissolve in a little hot water 24 grains bychromate of potash,
|
||
and 12 grains prussiate of potash, and stir into the liquid while over the
|
||
fire, then take it off and strain it through fine cloth. This ink is a jet
|
||
black flows freely from the pen and will stand the test of oexylic acid.
|
||
|
||
38. INDELIBLE INK
|
||
1 inch of the stick of the nitrate of silver dissolved in a little water,
|
||
and stirred into each gallon of the above, makes first rate indelible ink
|
||
for cloth. Judge what indelible ink costs.
|
||
|
||
39. INDELIBLE INK
|
||
Nitrate of silver 1 1/2 oz., dissolved in liquor ammonia fortisine 5 1/2
|
||
oz., orchil for colouring 3/4 oz., gum mucilage 12 oz., mix the two
|
||
latter, then mix them with the two former, and it is ready to use.
|
||
|
||
40. WRITING FLUID OR BLACK COPYING INK
|
||
Take two gallons of rain water and put into it gum arabic 1/4 lb., brown
|
||
sugar 1/4 lb., clean copperas 1/4 lb., powdered nut galls 3/4 lb., mix and
|
||
shake occasionally for ten days and strain. If needed sooner, let it stand
|
||
in an iron kettle until the strength is obtained. This ink can be depended
|
||
on for deeds or records, which you may want someone to read hundreds of
|
||
years to come. Oexylic acid 1/4 oz., was formerly put in, but as it
|
||
destroys the steel pens, and does just as well without it - it is now
|
||
never used.
|
||
|
||
41. BEST INK POWDER
|
||
This is formed of the dry ingredients for ink, powdered and mixed. Take
|
||
powdered galls one pound, powdered green vitriol half a pound, powdered
|
||
gum 4 ounces, mix all together, put it up into 2 ounce packages, each of
|
||
which will make a pint if ink.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
42. BEST RED INK
|
||
Take of best carmine (nakarot) 2 grains, rain water 1/2 ounce, water of
|
||
ammonia 20 drops, add a little gum arabic, and it is in a few minutes
|
||
ready for use.
|
||
|
||
43. YELLOW INK
|
||
Dissolve alum in saffron water to whatever shade of yellow you please. It
|
||
makes a beautiful ink.
|
||
|
||
44. BLUE INK
|
||
Take Prussian blue, and oexylic acid, in equal parts, powder finely, and
|
||
add soft water to bring it to a soft paste, and let it stand for a few
|
||
days, then add soft water to the desired shade of colour; add a little gum
|
||
arabic to prevent spreading.
|
||
|
||
45. GOLDEN INK
|
||
Take some white gum arabic, reduce it to an impalpable powder in a brass
|
||
mortar, dissolve it in strong brandy, and add a little common water to
|
||
render it more liquid, provide some gold in a shell, which must be
|
||
detached in order to reduce it to a powder, when this is done moisten it
|
||
with the gum solution, and stir the whole with a small hair brush, or your
|
||
finger, then leave it for a night that the gold may be better dissolved.
|
||
If the composition becomes dry during the night, dilute it with more gum
|
||
water in which a little saffron has been infused, but take care that the
|
||
gold solution be sufficiently liquid to flow freely in a pen; when the
|
||
writing is dry polish it with a dry tooth.
|
||
|
||
46. WHITE INK FOR WRITING ON BLACK PAPER
|
||
Having carefully washed some egg shells remove the internal skin and grind
|
||
them on a piece of porphyry, then put the powder in a small vessel of pure
|
||
water, and when it has settled at the bottom, draw off the water and dry
|
||
the powder in the sun. This powder must be preserved in a bottle; when you
|
||
want to use it put a small quantity of gum ammoniac into distilled
|
||
vinegar, and leave it to dissolve during the night, next morning the
|
||
solution will appear exceedingly white, and if you then strain it through
|
||
a piece of linen cloth, and add to it the powder of egg shells in
|
||
sufficient quantity, you will obtain a very white ink.
|
||
|
||
47. SECRET INK FOR YOUNG LADIES AND GENTS
|
||
Take a drachm of clean rain water, put into it, in a clean vial, 10 or 12
|
||
drops of pure, clean sulphuric acid, and it is ready for use; write with
|
||
this using a clean quill pen on letter paper, and when dry you can see no
|
||
mark at all, then hold it to a strong heat and the writing becomes as
|
||
black as jet. If you want to write to a young lady or gentleman, as the
|
||
case may be, and fearing that the letter might be opened before she or he
|
||
gets it, write with common black ink something of no importance, then
|
||
between the lines write what you want to say with the secret ink. The
|
||
person to whom you are writing must understand the scheme so that she or
|
||
he may hold it to the heat and thereby make the writing visible.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
48. CIDER WITHOUT APPLES
|
||
To each gallon of cold water put 1 lb. common sugar, 1/2 ounce of tartaric
|
||
acid, one tablespoonful of yeast, shake well, make in an evening and it
|
||
will be fit for use next day. I make in a keg a few gallons at a time,
|
||
leaving a few quarts to make into next time, not using yeast again until
|
||
the keg needs rinsing. If it gets a little sour, make a little more into
|
||
it or put as much water with it as there is cider and put it with the
|
||
vinegar. If it is desired to bottle this cider by manufacturers of small
|
||
drinks, you will proceed as follows: put in a barrel 5 gallons of hot
|
||
water, 30 lbs. of brown sugar, 3/4 lb. of tartaric acid, 25 gallons of
|
||
cold water, 3 pints of hop or brewer's yeast, work into paste with 3/4 lb.
|
||
of flower, and one pint water will be required in making this paste; put
|
||
all together in a barrel which it will fill and let it work 24 hours, the
|
||
yeast running out at the bung all the time by putting in a little
|
||
occasionally to keep it full; then bottle, putting in two or three broken
|
||
raisins to each bottle, and it will nearly equal champagne.
|
||
|
||
49 SPRUCE OR AROMATIC BEER
|
||
Take 3 gallons of water, 2 1/2 pints molasses, 3 eggs well beaten, 1 gill
|
||
yeast, put into two quarts of the water boiling hot, put in 50 drops of
|
||
any oil you wish the flavour of, or mix one ounce each, oil sarsafras,
|
||
spruce, and wintergreen; then use the 50 drops. For ginger flavour take 2
|
||
ounces ginger root bruised and a few hops, and boil for 30 minutes in one
|
||
gallon of the water, strain and mix all; let it stand 2 hours and bottle,
|
||
using yeast, of course, as before.
|
||
|
||
50. LEMON BEER
|
||
To make 20 gallons, boil 6 ounces of ginger root bruised, 1/4 lb.
|
||
cream-tartar for 20 or 30 minutes in 2 or 3 gallons of water; this will be
|
||
strained into 13 lbs. of coffer sugar on which you have put 1 oz. oil of
|
||
lemon and six good lemons all squeezed up together, having warm water
|
||
enough to make the whole 20 gallons, just so you can hold your hand in it
|
||
without burning, or some 70 degrees of heat; put in 1 1/2 pint hops or
|
||
brewer's yeast worked into paste as for cider, with 5 or 6 oz. of flower;
|
||
let it work over night, then strain and bottle for use. This will keep a
|
||
number of days.
|
||
|
||
51. PHILADELPHIA BEER
|
||
Take 30 gallons of water, brown sugar 20 lbs., ginger root bruised 1/4
|
||
lb., cream tartar 1 1/4 lb., carbonate of soda 3 ounces, oil of lemon 1
|
||
teaspoonful, put in a little alcohol, the white of 10 eggs well beaten,
|
||
hops 2 ounces, yeast one quart. The ginger root and hops should be boiled
|
||
for 20 or 30 minutes in enough of the water to make all milk warm; then
|
||
strain into the rest, and the yeast added and allowed to work itself clear
|
||
as the cider and bottled.
|
||
|
||
52. SILVER TOP DRINK
|
||
Take of water 3 quarts, white sugar 4 lbs., oil of lemons one teaspoonful,
|
||
white of 5 eggs, beaten with one teaspoonful of flour; boil to form syrum,
|
||
then divide into equal parts, and to one add 3 ounces of tartaric acid,
|
||
and to the other part 4 oz. of carbonate of soda, then take two thirds of
|
||
a glass of water, and put in a spoonful of each of the syrups, more or
|
||
less, according to the size of the glass.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
53. DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING SODA DRINKS
|
||
In getting up any of the soda drinks which are spoken of hereafter it will
|
||
be preferable to put about 4 oz. of carbonate (sometimes called
|
||
supercarbonate) of soda into one pint of water, and shake when you wish to
|
||
make a glass of soda, and pour from this into the glass until if foams
|
||
well instead of using dry soda as directed.
|
||
|
||
54. IMPERIAL CREAM NECTAR
|
||
Part 1st. - Take 1 gallon water, 6 lbs. loaf sugar, 6 ounces tartaric
|
||
acid, gum arabic 1 oz.
|
||
Part 2nd. - Take 4 teaspoonsful of flour, the whites of four eggs beat
|
||
finely together, then add 1/2 pint of water. Heat the first part until it
|
||
is blood warm, then put in the second, boil 3 minutes and it is done.
|
||
Directions. - To 3 tablespoonfuls of the syrup in a glass half or two
|
||
thirds full of water add one third of a teaspoonful of carbonate of soda
|
||
made fine, stir well, and drink at your leisure.
|
||
|
||
55. A SUPERIOR GINGER BEER
|
||
Take of sugar 10 lbs., lemon juice 9 oz., honey 1/2 lb., bruised ginger
|
||
root 11 oz., water 9 galls., yeast 3 pints, boil the ginger in the water
|
||
until the strength is all extracted, which you may tell be tasting the
|
||
root, then pour it into a tub, throwing the roots away, let it stand until
|
||
nearly luke warm, then put in all the rest of the ingredients, stir well
|
||
until all dissolved, cover it over with a cloth, and if it be in the
|
||
evening, let it remain until next morning, then strain through cloth, and
|
||
bottle it, and in a short time it will be fit for use. Some use less
|
||
sugar, and some less lemon juice, to make it with less expense; but it is
|
||
not so elegant a drink as this.
|
||
|
||
56. GINGER POP No. 1
|
||
Take of water 5 1/2 galls., ginger root bruised 3/4 lb., tartaric acid 1/2
|
||
oz., white sugar 2 1/4 lbs., the whites of 3 eggs well beat, a small
|
||
teaspoonful of oil of lemon, yeast 1 gill; boil the root for 30 minutes in
|
||
1 gallon of the water, strain off, and put the oil in while hot, mix all
|
||
well, make over night, in the morning skim, and bottle, keeping out
|
||
sediment.
|
||
|
||
57. GINGER POP No. 2
|
||
Take best white Jamaica ginger root bruised 2 oz., water 6 quarts, boil 20
|
||
minutes and strain, then add cream tartar 1 oz., white sugar 1 lb.; put on
|
||
the fire, then stir until all the sugar is dissolved; then put into an
|
||
earthen jar, now put in tartaric acid 1/4 oz., and the rind of 1 lemon,
|
||
let it stand until 70 degrees of Fahrenheit, or until you can bear your
|
||
hand in it with comfort, then add two tablespoonsful of yeast, stir well,
|
||
bottle for use, and tie the corks; make a few days before it is wanted for
|
||
use.
|
||
|
||
58. YEAST
|
||
Take a good single handfull of hops, and boil for 20 minutes in 3 pints of
|
||
water, then strain, and stir in a teacupful of flour, a tablespoonful of
|
||
sugar, and a teaspoonful of salt; when a little cool put in 1 gill of
|
||
brewer's yeast, and after four or five hours cover up, and stand in a cool
|
||
place for use; make again from this unless you let it get sour.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
59. SODA SYRUPS
|
||
Take of loaf or crushed sugar 8 lbs., pure water 1 gall., gum arabic 1
|
||
oz., mix in a brass or copper kettle, boil until the gum is dissolved,
|
||
then skim and strain through white flannel, after which add tartaric acid
|
||
5 1/2 oz., dissolved in hot water. To flavour use extract of lemon,
|
||
orange, rose, sarsaparilla, strawberry, &c., 1/2 oz., or to your taste. If
|
||
you use the juice of lemon, add 1 1/2 lbs., of sugar to a pint; you do not
|
||
need any tartaric acid with it; now use 2 or 3 tablespoonsful of syrup to
|
||
3/4 of a tumbler of water, and 1/3 teaspoonsful of supercarbonate of soda
|
||
made fine, stir well and be ready to drink; the gum arabic, however, holds
|
||
the carbonic acid so it will not fly off so readily as common soda. For
|
||
soda fountains, 1 oz., of supercarbonate of soda is used to 1 gallon of
|
||
water. for charged fountains no acids are needed in the syrups.
|
||
|
||
60. MINERAL WATER
|
||
Epsom salts 1 oz., cream tartar 1/2 oz., tartaric acid 1/4 oz., loaf sugar
|
||
1 lb., oil of birch 20 drops; put 1 quart boiling water on all these
|
||
articles, and add 3 quarts of cold water to 2 tablespoonsful of yeast; let
|
||
it work 2 hours and then bottle.
|
||
|
||
61. IMPROVED ENGLISH STRONG BEER
|
||
If you have malt use it, if not, take 1 peck of barley, and put it into a
|
||
stove oven, and steam the moisture from them, grind coarsely, and pour
|
||
into them 3 1/2 gallons of water, at 170 or 172 degrees. (If you use malt
|
||
it does not need quite so much water, as it does not absorb so much as the
|
||
other. The tub should have a false bottom with many gimblet holes to keep
|
||
back the grain.) Stir them well and let stand 3 hours and draw off, put on
|
||
7 gallons more water at 180 or 182 degrees, stir well, let stand 2 hours
|
||
and draw off, then put 1 gallon or 2 of cold water, stir well and draw
|
||
off; you should have about 5 or 6 gallons; mix 6 lbs., coarse brown sugar
|
||
in equal amount of water, add 4 oz. of good hops, boil for 1 1/2 hour; you
|
||
should have from 8 to 10 gallons when boiled; when cooled to 80 degrees,
|
||
put in a teacupful of good yeast and let it work 18 hours covered with a
|
||
sack. Use sound iron-hooped kegs, or porter bottles, bung or cork tight,
|
||
and in two weeks it will be good sound beer, nearly equal in strength to
|
||
London porter, or good ale, and will keep a long time.
|
||
|
||
62. SANGAREE
|
||
Take wine, ale, or porter, 1/3, and 2/3 water, hot, or cold, according to
|
||
the season of the year,loaf sugar to the taste with nutmeg.
|
||
|
||
63. GINGER WINE
|
||
Put 1 oz. good ginger root bruised in 1 quart of 95 per cent. alcohol, let
|
||
it stand 9 days, and strain, add 4 quarts of water, and 1 lb. of white
|
||
sugar, dissolved in hot water, 1 pint port wine to this quantity, for what
|
||
you retail at your own bar makes it far better; colour with tincture of
|
||
saunders to suit; drink freely of this hot on going to bed, when you have
|
||
a bad cold, and in the morning you will bless ginger wine.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
64. HOP BEER
|
||
Take of hops 6 oz., molasses 5 quarts, boil the hops in water till the
|
||
strength is out, strain them into a 30 gallon barrel, add the molasses and
|
||
a teacupful of yeast, and fill up with water, shake it well and leave the
|
||
bung out until fermented, which will be in about 24 hours; bung up, and it
|
||
will be fit for use in about 3 days. A most excellent summer drink,
|
||
smaller quantities in proportion.
|
||
|
||
65. USQUEBAUGH OR IRISH WHISKEY
|
||
Best brandy 1 gallon, stoned raisins 1 lb., cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, and
|
||
cardamom, each 1 oz., crushed in a morter, saffron 1/2 oz., or the rind of
|
||
1 Seville orange, and a little sugar candy; shake these well, and it is
|
||
ready for use in 14 days.
|
||
|
||
66. ICE CREAM
|
||
Add a little rich sweet cream, and 1/2 lb. of loaf sugar to each quart of
|
||
cream or milk; if you cannot get cream the best imitation is to boil a
|
||
soft custard; 6 eggs to each quart of milk, (eggs well beaten); or another
|
||
way, boil a quart of milk, and stir into it, while boiling, a
|
||
tablespoonful of arrow-root, wet with cold milk, then cool stir in the
|
||
yolk of one egg, to give a rich colour; five minutes boiling is enough for
|
||
either plan; put the sugar in after they cool, keep the same proportions
|
||
for any amount desired. The juice of strawberries, or raspberries, give a
|
||
beautiful colour and flavour to ice creams; or about 1/2 oz. of the
|
||
essence or extracts to a gallon, or to suit the taste. Have your ice well
|
||
broken, add 1 quart of salt to a bucket of ice, then place in this the
|
||
vessel containing your cream, and about one half hour's constant stirring
|
||
and occasional scraping down and beating together will freeze it.
|
||
|
||
67. CHICAGO ICE CREAM
|
||
Irish moss soaked in warm water about an hour, and rinsed well to clear it
|
||
of a certain foreign taste, then steep it in milk, keeping it just at the
|
||
point of boiling or simmering for an hour, or until a rich yellow colour
|
||
is given to the milk, without cream or eggs; 1 or 1 1/2 oz. of moss is
|
||
enough for a gallon of cream, and this will do to steep twice. Sweeten and
|
||
flavour as other cream.
|
||
|
||
68. CREAM SODA
|
||
Loaf sugar 10 lb., water 3 gills, mix, and warm gradually, so as not to
|
||
burn, good rich cream 2 quarts, extract vanilla 1 1/2 oz., extract nutmeg
|
||
1/4 oz., and tartaric acid 4 oz.; just bring to a boiling heat; for if you
|
||
cook it any length of time it will crystallize. Use 4 or 5 spoonsful of
|
||
this syrup instead of 3, as in other syrups; put 1/3 teaspoonful of soda
|
||
to a glass, if used without fountain. For charged fountains no acid is
|
||
used.
|
||
|
||
69. LEMON SYRUP
|
||
Take of the juice of lemons one pint, white sugar one and a half pound,
|
||
and a little of the peel. Mix and boil a few minutes, strain, and when a
|
||
little cool, bottle, and cork, for use.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
70. ORANGE AND RASPBERRY SYRUPS
|
||
Take of the juice of either, as the case may be, one pint; white sugar one
|
||
and a half pound. If it be orange a little of the peel; tartaric acid 4
|
||
oz. Mix and boil a few minutes; strain, and when a little cool, bottle and
|
||
cork for use. When to be drank, mix three or four tablespoonsful of syrup
|
||
with three quarters of a glass of water, and add a teaspoonful of soda. If
|
||
water be added to the syrup it will not keep well.
|
||
|
||
71. PURE WINE
|
||
Take three pounds of nice raisins free of stems, cut each one in two or
|
||
three pieces, put them into a stone jug with one gallon pure soft water,
|
||
let them stand two weeks uncovered, shaking occasionally (put in a warm
|
||
place in winter,) strain through three or four thicknesses of woollen, or
|
||
filter; colour with burned sugar; bottle and cork for use. For saloon
|
||
purposes, add one pint of good brandy. The more raisins the better the
|
||
wine, not exceeding 5 lbs.
|
||
|
||
72 PURE WINE VINEGAR
|
||
This is made by putting the same quantity of water on the above raisins,
|
||
after the wine is poured off, as at first for making wine, and standing
|
||
the same length of time, in the same way.
|
||
|
||
73. PORT WINE
|
||
Take 42 gallons of worked cider, 12 gallons of good port wine, 3 gallons
|
||
good brandy, 6 gallons pure spirits. Mix together. Elder-berries and
|
||
sloes, or fruit of the black hawes, make a fine purple colour for wines.
|
||
|
||
74. CHAMPAGNE WINE
|
||
Take of good cider (crab-apple cider is best) seven gallons, best fourth
|
||
proof brandy one quart, genuine champagne wine five quarts, milk one gill,
|
||
bitartrate of potash 2 oz. Mix and let it stand a short time; bottle while
|
||
fermenting. This makes an excellent imitation of champagne with age.
|
||
|
||
75. CURRANT AND OTHER FRUIT WINES
|
||
For currant, cherry, raspberry, elderberry, strawberry, whortleberry, and
|
||
wild grape wines, any one can be used alone, or in combination of several
|
||
of the different kinds; to make a variety of flavours, or suit persons who
|
||
have some and not the other kinds of fruits, to every gallon of expressed
|
||
juice, add 2 galls. of soft water, put in 6 or 8 lbs. of brown sugar, and
|
||
1 1/2 oz. of cream of tartar, have them dissolved; put 1 quart of brandy
|
||
to every 6 galls. Some prefer it without brandy. After fermentation, take
|
||
4 oz. isinglass, dissolved in a pint of the wine, put to each barrel, and
|
||
it will refine and clear it; then it must be drawn off into clear casks,
|
||
or bottled, which is far the best. Give these wines age and they are most
|
||
delicious.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
76. DINNER WINE OR ENGLISH PATENT WINE
|
||
From garden rhubarb, which will not lend to intemperance. An agreeable and
|
||
healthy wine is very frequently made from the expressed juice of the
|
||
garden rhubarb. To each gallon of juice add 1 gallon of soft water, in
|
||
which 7 lbs. of brown sugar have been dissolved; fill a keg or barrel with
|
||
this proportion, leaving the bung out, and keep it filled with sweetened
|
||
water as it works off until clear. Any other vegetable extract may be
|
||
added, if this flavour is not liked. Then bung down, or bottle, as you
|
||
desire. These stalks will furnish about 3/4 their weight in juice; fine
|
||
and settle with isinglass, as in the fruit wines. This has been patented
|
||
in England.
|
||
|
||
77. VARIOUS WINES
|
||
Take 28 gallons of clarified cider; 1 gallon geed brandy, 1 lb. crude
|
||
tartar, (this is what is deposited by grape wines) 5 gallons of any wine
|
||
you wish to represent, 1 pint of sweet milk to settle it; draw off in 24
|
||
or 36 hours after thoroughly mixing.
|
||
|
||
78. BLACKBERRY AND STRAWBERRY WINES
|
||
These are made by taking the above wine when made with port wine; and for
|
||
every 10 gallons, form 4 to 6 quarts of the fresh fruit, bruised and
|
||
strained, are added, and let it stand till the flavour is extracted; more
|
||
or less may be used to suit the tastes of different persons. In bottling
|
||
any of those wines 3 or four broken raisins put into each bottle will add
|
||
to their richness and flavour.
|
||
|
||
79. FRENCH BRANDY
|
||
Take of pure spirit 1 gallon, best French brandy, or any kind you wish to
|
||
imitate, even Otard, 1 quart; loaf sugar 2 oz., sweet spirits of nitre 1/2
|
||
oz., a few drops of tincture of catechu, or oak bark, to roughen the taste
|
||
if desired; colour to suit your taste, and bottle.
|
||
|
||
80. BRANDY FROM OIL COGNAC
|
||
Take of pure spirits 10 gallons, New England rum 2 quarts, or Jamaica rum
|
||
1 quart, and oil cognac from 30 to 40 drops, put in half a pint of
|
||
alcohol, colour with tincture of kino, or burned sugar, which is generally
|
||
preferred. Mix well and bottle.
|
||
|
||
81. PALE BRANDY
|
||
This is made as the French brandy, using pale instead of the French, and
|
||
using 1 oz. of tincture of kino for colour, only for 5 gallons.
|
||
|
||
82 CHERRY BRANDY
|
||
To every 10 gallons of brandy add 3 quarts of wild black cherries, stones
|
||
and all bruised, and crushed sugar 2 lbs. Let it stand until the strength
|
||
and flavour is obtained, and draw from it as wanted for use. Never attempt
|
||
to use oil of bitter almonds for this purpose, instead of the cherries,
|
||
for it is a most deadly poison.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
83. BLACKBERRY BRANDY
|
||
Take of brandy 10 gallons, nice rich blackberries mashed from 4 to 6
|
||
quarts, according to the degree of flavour you wish. Mix and add a little
|
||
sugar to overcome the acidity of the berries, according to their ripeness
|
||
will the amount vary from one to 4 oz. to each gallon.
|
||
|
||
84. STRAWBERRY BRANDY
|
||
This is made as the above, using very nice ripe strawberries, and only
|
||
about half the quantity of sugar.
|
||
|
||
Receipts 85, 86 & 87 not printed
|
||
|
||
88. HOLLAND GIN
|
||
Take of pure spirits 1 gallon, best Holland gin, schnapps, or any kind
|
||
desired, 1 quart, oil of juniper 2 scruples, oil of anise 1/4 oz.; mix all
|
||
well together.
|
||
|
||
89. COLOURING
|
||
Take of white sugar 1 lb., put it into an earthen kettle, moisten a
|
||
little, let boil, and burn red, black and thick, remove from the fire and
|
||
put in a little hot water to keep it from hardening as it cools. Use this
|
||
to colour any liquors, needing colour, to your taste, or as near the
|
||
colour of the liquor you imitate as you can. Tincture of kino is a good
|
||
colour, and is made by dissolving 1 oz. of kino in a pint of alcohol. For
|
||
a cherry red use tincture of saffron; for light amber to deep brown use
|
||
sugar colouring; for brandy colour, sugar; for red use beet root or
|
||
saunders; for port wine colour use extract of rhatany.
|
||
|
||
90 TO KEEP SWEET AND SWEETEN SOUR CIDER
|
||
To keep cider sweet take a keg, put several holes in the bottom of it, and
|
||
a piece of woollen cloth at the bottom, then fill with pure sand closely
|
||
packed, then pass your cider through this, and put up in clean barrels
|
||
that have had a piece of cotton or linen cloth 2 by 6 inches, dipped in
|
||
sulphur, and burned in them, then keep in a cool place and add 1/2 lb. of
|
||
white mustard seed to each barrel. If cider is souring, about 1 quart of
|
||
hickory ashes, (or a little more of other hard wood ashes), stirred into
|
||
each barrel, will sweeten and clarify it, nearly equal to rectifying; but
|
||
if it is not rectified it must be racked off to get clear of pomace, for
|
||
while this is in it, it will remain sour. Oil or whiskey barrels are best
|
||
to put up cider in, or 1/2 pint of sweet oil, or a gallon of whiskey, or
|
||
both may be added to a barrel with decidedly good effects. Isinglass 4 oz.
|
||
to each barrel helps to clarify and settle cider that is not going to be
|
||
rectified.
|
||
|
||
91. SCHRUB
|
||
Take of lemon juice 1 pint, white sugar 2 pints, rum 3 pints, water 4
|
||
pints; mix and colour ready for use.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
92. STOUGHTON BITTERS
|
||
Take of gentian 4 oz., orange peel 4 oz., columbo 4 oz., chamomile flowers
|
||
4 oz., quassia 4 oz., burned sugar 1 lb., whiskey 2 1/2 galls., water 2
|
||
1/2 galls,; mix and let stand one week, then bottle the clear liquor.
|
||
|
||
93. TO IMPROVE THE FLAVOUR OF NEW WHISKEY
|
||
Take of whiskey 1 gall., add tea 4 oz., allspice 4 oz., caraway seed 4
|
||
oz., cinnamon 2 oz., shake occasionally for a week and use one pint to a
|
||
barrel. Keep this mixture in a jug.
|
||
|
||
94. CHERRY BOUNCE OR BRANDY
|
||
Take 10 galls. of good whiskey, put into it from 4 to 6 quarts of wild
|
||
black cherries with the stones broken, common almonds shelled 1 lb., white
|
||
sugar 1 1/2 lb., cinnamon 1/2 oz., nutmeg 1/2 oz., all bruised. Let stand
|
||
12 or 13 days and draw off; this, with the addition of 2 galls. of brandy,
|
||
make very nice cherry brandy.
|
||
|
||
95 MONONGAHALE
|
||
Take of good common whiskey 36 gall., dried peaches 2 quarts, rye, burned
|
||
and ground as coffee, 1 quart, cinnamon, cloves, and allspice, bruised, of
|
||
each 1 oz., loaf sugar 5 lbs., sweet spirits of nitre 2 oz., put all these
|
||
articles into 4 galls. of pure spirits, and shake every day for a week,
|
||
then draw off through a woollen cloth, and add the whole to the 36 galls.
|
||
of whiskey.
|
||
|
||
96. RYE WHISKEY
|
||
Take of dried peaches 1/2 a peck, put them into a pan in a stove, scorch a
|
||
little, not to burn however, then bruise, and place in a woollen (pointed)
|
||
bag, and leach good common whiskey over them twice, having the barrel up
|
||
so as to hang the bag under the faucet and draw slowly over them; this is
|
||
for a barrel. Add 10 or 12 drops of aqua ammonia to each barrel, after
|
||
leaching through the peaches; with age this is nearly, if not quite, equal
|
||
to whiskey made from rye.
|
||
|
||
97. STOMACH BITTERS
|
||
Take of gentian root 6 oz., orange peel 10 oz., cinnamon 1 oz., anise seed
|
||
2 0z., coriander seed 2 oz., cardamom seed 1/2 oz., Peruvian bark,
|
||
unground, 2 oz., bruise all the articles and add of gum kino 1 oz., and
|
||
put them into 2 quarts of alcohol, and two quarts of pure spirits or good
|
||
whiskey; shake occasionally for 10 or 12 days, and strain or filter
|
||
through several thicknesses of woollen. Half a pint of this may be added
|
||
to a gallon of whiskey, more or less, as desired, and you have an article
|
||
as good, or better, and more healthy than that for which you will pay
|
||
three times as much; or you may use it the same as stoughton, to which it
|
||
is preferred.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
98. PEPPERMINT CORDIAL
|
||
Take of good whiskey 10 galls., water 10 galls., white sugar 10 lbs., oil
|
||
of peppermint 1 oz., flour 1 oz., burned sugar 1/2 lb. to colour, alcohol
|
||
1 pint; put the oil of peppermint in the alcohol, then with this work the
|
||
flour well, add the burned sugar, work again, and mix all the ingredients
|
||
together; let them stand a week and they are ready for use. If you wish a
|
||
different flavour from that of oil of peppermint use any other oil of
|
||
which you desire the flavour.
|
||
|
||
99. ST. CROIX RUM
|
||
Take of pure spirits 28 galls., of pure St. Croix run 3 galls., sal
|
||
ammonia (cut in alcohol) 1 OZ., sweet spirits of nitre 6 ozs., mix all
|
||
together and let stand for 24 hours, occasionally shaking, and it is ready
|
||
for use.
|
||
|
||
100. LEMONADE
|
||
Take of fresh lemon juice 4 oz., fresh lemon peel 1/2 oz., white sugar 4
|
||
oz., boiling water 3 pints; mix all together; let them stand till cool,
|
||
and then strain off for use; if you wish you can cool at once with ice.
|
||
Where this is used as a cooling drink in fevers a little sweet spirits of
|
||
nitre may be added.
|
||
|
||
101. A BRILLIANT WHITEWASH
|
||
This bears a gloss like ivory, and will not rub off. Take of clean
|
||
unslacked lime 5 or 6 quarts, slack with hot water in a tub, cover to keep
|
||
in the steam; when ready, pass it through a fine sieve, and add 1/4 lb. of
|
||
whiting, 1 lb. of good sugar pulverized, and 3 pints of rice flour, first
|
||
made into a thin paste; boil this mixture well, then dissolve 1 lb. of
|
||
clean glue in water, and add it to the mixture, and apply while warm with
|
||
a whitewash brush, except when particular neatness is required you may
|
||
then use a paint brush; in both cases put it on warm. You may add
|
||
colouring matter to give it any shade you please.
|
||
|
||
102. CHANGING VARNISHES
|
||
Varnishes of this description are call changing because, when applied to
|
||
metals such as copper, brass, or tin or silver foil, they give them a more
|
||
agreeable colour; indeed, the common metals, when coated with them
|
||
acquired a lustre approaching to that of the precious metals, and hence
|
||
these varnishes are much employed in manufacturing imitations of gold and
|
||
silver. Put four ounces of the best gum gamboge into 32 ozs. of spirits of
|
||
turpentine, 4 ozs. of dragon's blood into the same quantity of spirits of
|
||
turpentine as the gamboge, and 1 oz. of anatto into 8 ozs. of the same
|
||
spirits. The three mixtures being made in different vessels, they should
|
||
then be kept for about a fortnight in a warm place, and as much exposed to
|
||
the sun a possible; at the end of that time they will be fit for use; and
|
||
you can procure any tints you wish by making a composition from them, with
|
||
such proportions of each liquor as practice and the nature of the colour
|
||
you are desirous of obtaining will point out. Changing varnishes may
|
||
likewise be employed, with very good effect, for furniture, such as
|
||
picture frames, &c. - See Lackers.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
103. GOLD LACKER OR VARNISH
|
||
In using the changing varnish or any of these lackers, for picture frames
|
||
for instance, lay them over with tin or silver foil, by means of plaster
|
||
of Paris glue, or cement of some kind, that the foil may be perfectly
|
||
adherent to the wood, then apply your varnish; apply as many coats as may
|
||
suit your taste, and if it be the gold lacker you use it has the
|
||
appearance of being laid with gold leaf, and if the pale brass lacker, of
|
||
being laid with brass, &c., and if you use the changing varnish you may
|
||
make it just what colour you wish, by mixing the three materials in
|
||
different proportions. For making gold lacker, put into a clean 4 gallon
|
||
tin 1 lb. ground turmeric, 1 1/2 oz. powdered gamboge, 3 1/2 lbs. powdered
|
||
gum sandrack, 3/4 lb. shellac, and 2 galls. spirits of wine; after being
|
||
dissolved and strained add 1 pint of turpentine varnish, receipt No.112,
|
||
well mixed, and it is ready for use.
|
||
|
||
104. RED SPIRIT LACKER
|
||
Take 2 galls. spirits of wine, 1 lb. dragon's blood, 3 lbs. Spanish
|
||
annatto, 3 1/2 lbs. gum sandrack, 2 pints turpentine. Made exactly as the
|
||
gold lacker.
|
||
|
||
105 PALE BRASS LACKER
|
||
Take 2 galls. spirits of wine, 3 ozs. cape aloes, cut small, 1 lb. fine
|
||
pale shellac, 1 oz. gamboge, cut small, no turpentine. Varnish made
|
||
exactly as before, but observe, that those who make lackers frequently
|
||
want some paler and some darker and sometimes inclining more to the
|
||
particular tint of certain of the component ingredients; therefore if a 4
|
||
oz. vial of a strong solution of each ingredient be prepared, a lacker of
|
||
any tint can be prepared at any time as by changing varnish.
|
||
|
||
106. DEMAR VARNISH
|
||
This is a fine clear varnish, being harder and less coloured than mastic,
|
||
while it is as soluble, and may be had at one-tenth the price. Put 6 oz.
|
||
of gum demar in a bottle with 10 ozs. of spirits of turpentine, and put
|
||
into another bottle 6 ozs. of gum demar, with 16 ozs. alcohol, when they
|
||
are dissolved put them together, and you have an excellent cheap varnish
|
||
which dries quickly and is very clear.
|
||
|
||
107. COPAL VARNISH
|
||
Take 1 oz. of copal, and 1/2 oz. of shellac, powder them well and put them
|
||
into a bottle or jar containing 1 quart of spirits of wine; place the
|
||
mixture in a warm place and shake it occasionally, till you see that the
|
||
gums are completely dissolved, and when strained the varnish is fit for
|
||
use.
|
||
|
||
108. WHITE HARD VARNISH
|
||
Take 1 lb. of mastic, 4 oz. of gum anima; and 5 lbs. of gum sandrack, put
|
||
them all together to dissolve, into a vessel containing 2 oz. of rectified
|
||
spirits of wine, which should be kept in a warm place and frequently
|
||
shaken till all the gums are quite dissolved; then strain the mixture
|
||
through a lawn sieve, and it will be fit for use.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
109. CRYSTAL VARNISH
|
||
Procure a bottle of Canada balsam, which can be had at any druggist's;
|
||
draw out he cork and set the bottle of balsam at a little distance from
|
||
the fire, turning it round several times, until the heat has thinned it;
|
||
then have something that will hold as much as double the quantity of
|
||
balsam; carry the balsam from the fire, and, while fluid mix it with the
|
||
same quantity of good turpentine, and shake them together until they are
|
||
well incorporated. In a few days the varnish is fit for use, particularly
|
||
if it is poured into a half gallon glass or stone bottle, and kept in a
|
||
gentle warmth. This varnish is used for maps, prints, charts, drawings,
|
||
paper, ornaments, &c.
|
||
|
||
110. BLACK VARNISH FOR OLD STRAW OR CHIP HATS
|
||
Take a 1/2 oz. of the best black sealing wax, pound it well, and put it
|
||
into a 4 oz. vial, containing 2 ozs. of rectified spirits of wine; place
|
||
it in a sand-bath or near a moderate fire till the wax is dissolved, then
|
||
lay it on warm, with a fine soft hairbrush, before a fire or in the sun.
|
||
It gives a good stiffness to old straw hats, and a beautiful gloss equal
|
||
to new. It likewise resists wet.
|
||
|
||
111. VARNISH FOR VIOLINS &c.
|
||
Take 1 gallon of rectified spirits of wine, 12 ozs. of mastic, and 1 pint
|
||
of turpentine varnish; put them altogether in a tin can, and keep it in a
|
||
very warm place, shaking it occasionally till it is perfectly dissolved;
|
||
then strain it, and it is fit for use. If you find it necessary, you may
|
||
dilute it with turpentine varnish. This varnish is also very useful for
|
||
furniture of plumtree, mahogany, or rosewood.
|
||
|
||
112. TURPENTINE VARNISH
|
||
Take 5 lbs. of clear good resin, pound it well, and put it into 1 gallon
|
||
of oil of turpentine; boil the mixture over a stove till the resin is
|
||
perfectly dissolved, and when cool, it will be fit for use.
|
||
|
||
113. IRON WORK BLACK OR BLACK VARNISH FOR IRON
|
||
Put 48 lbs. asphaltum into an iron pot, and boil for four hours; during
|
||
the first two hours, introduce 7 lbs. litharge, 3 lbs. dried copperas, and
|
||
10 gallons boiled oil; add 1/8 lb. run of dark gum, with 2 gallons hot
|
||
oil; after pouring the oil and gum, continue the boiling two hours, or
|
||
until it will roll into hard pills like Japan; when cool, thin it off with
|
||
three gallons of turpentine, or until it is of proper consistence. This
|
||
varnish is intended principally for the iron work of coaches and other
|
||
carriages.
|
||
|
||
114 VARNISH FOR HARNESS
|
||
Take 1/2 lb. of india rubber, 1 gallon of spirits of turpentine; dissolve
|
||
enough to make it into a jelly by keeping it almost new milk warm; then
|
||
take equal quantities of good linseed oil, (in a hot state,) and the above
|
||
mixture, incorporate them well on a slow fire, and it is fit for use.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
115. QUICK DRYING HARNESS BLACKING VARNISH
|
||
Break 1/2 cake (which is about 1 ounce) of white wax into an earthen pan,
|
||
and just cover it with oil of turpentine; place a board over the pan to
|
||
keep out the air; let it stand for 24 hours or until formed into a paste;
|
||
then in another pan, mix 1 lb. of best ivory black with neatsfoot oil,
|
||
until it assumes a thick consistency; then mix the contents of both pans
|
||
together. It may be reduced with spirits of turpentine. Bottle, and it is
|
||
fit for use.
|
||
|
||
116. OIL PASTE BLACKING
|
||
Take oil vitriol, 2 ozs., tanners oil, 5 ozs., ivory black, 2 lbs.,
|
||
molasses, 5 ozs; mix the oil and vitriol together, let it stand a day,
|
||
then add the ivory black, the molasses, and the white of an egg; mix well,
|
||
and it is ready for use.
|
||
|
||
117 WATER PROOF OIL OR PASTE BLACKING
|
||
Take 1 pint of camphene, and put into it all the india rubber it will
|
||
dissolve, 1 pint currier's oil, 7 lbs. tallow, and 2 ozs. of lampblack;
|
||
mix thoroughly by heat. This is a nice thing for old harness and carriage
|
||
tops, as well as for boots and shoes.
|
||
|
||
118 BEST VARNISH BLACKING EXTANT
|
||
Take of alcohol, 1 gallon; white turpentine, 1 1/2 lbs.; gum shellac 1 1/2
|
||
lbs.; venice turpentine, 1 gill; let these stand in a jug in the sun, or
|
||
by a stove, until the gums are dissolved; then add sweet oil, 1 gill;
|
||
lampblack, 2 oz., and you have a varnish that will not crack when the
|
||
harness is twisted like the old shellac varnish. It is good also for boots
|
||
and shoes, looking well, and turns water.
|
||
|
||
119. ASPHALTUM OR WALNUT STAIN
|
||
Take of asphaltum, 2 lbs.; boiled linseed oil, 1/2 pint; spirits of
|
||
turpentine, 1 gallon; mix the two first in an iron pot, boil slowly until
|
||
the asphaltum is melted, then take it some distance from the fire, cool a
|
||
little, and add the turpentine (avoiding ignition) before it cools too
|
||
much, and it is finished.
|
||
|
||
120. POLISH FOR OLD FURNITURE
|
||
Take 1 pint best spirits of wine, 1 pint raw linseed oil, 1 pint spirits
|
||
of turpentine; mix all three together, and shake well before use. Apply
|
||
with a rubber of cotton wool covered with a piece of clean old white
|
||
cotton cloth. Apply slightly and you will be astonished at the effect. Old
|
||
furniture that is scratched, soiled, or stained, if the wood is not torn
|
||
up, being polished with this, has the appearance of new.
|
||
|
||
121. OIL TO MAKE THE HAIR GROW AND CURL
|
||
Take of olive oil 1/2 a pint, oils of rosemary and origanum, of each 1/8
|
||
of an oz. Mix well and apply rather freely.
|
||
|
||
122. BEST SHAVING SOAP
|
||
Take 4 1/2 lbs. white bar soap, 1 quart rain water, 1 gill of beef's gall,
|
||
and 1 gill spirits of turpentine; cut the soap thin, and boil five
|
||
minutes, stir while boiling, and colour with 1/2 oz. of vermillion; scent
|
||
with oil of rose or almonds. 10 cents worth will positively make $6 worth
|
||
of soap.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
123. NEW YORK BARBERS' STAR HAIR OIL
|
||
Take of castor oil, 6 1/2 pints; alcohol, 1 1/2 pint; citronella and
|
||
lavender oils, of each 2 ozs.; mix and shake well, and it is ready for
|
||
use.
|
||
|
||
124. ROWLAND'S MACASSAR HAIR OIL
|
||
Take of sweet oil, 8 ozs.; cantharides and oil of lemon, of each 60 drops;
|
||
alkanet sufficient to colour it.
|
||
|
||
125. ROSE HAIR OIL
|
||
Take 1 quart olive oil, 2 1/2 ozs. alcohol, 1 1/2 ozs. rose oil; after
|
||
this tie 1 oz. of chipped alkanet root in 3 or 4 little muslin bags, and
|
||
let them lie in the oil until a pretty red is manifested, then change them
|
||
to other oil. do not press them.
|
||
|
||
126. BEAR'S OIL
|
||
Take of good sweet lard oil, 1 quart; bergamot, 1 ounce; mix well together
|
||
|
||
127 OX MARROW FOR THE HAIR
|
||
Take of ox marrow, 4 ozs.; white wax, 1 oz.; nice fresh lard, 6 ozs; mix
|
||
and melt; when cool, add 1 1/2 ozs. oil of bergamot, and mix well.
|
||
|
||
128. COLOGNE
|
||
Take oils of rosemary and lemon, of each, 1/4 oz.; oils of bergamot and
|
||
lavender, of each, 1/8 oz.; oil of cinnamon, 8 drops; oils of cloves and
|
||
rose, of each 15 drops; best alcohol, 2 quarts; mix and shake 2 or 3 times
|
||
a day for a week. This will be better if deoderized, or cologne alcohol is
|
||
used.
|
||
|
||
129. HARD SOAP
|
||
Take of soft soap, 12 lbs.; (that made of olive oil is best,) common salt,
|
||
9 lbs.; mix and boil for 2 hours, run it into bars, or as you want it, and
|
||
you will have 7 1/2 lbs. of soap. Add a little resin when you melt it
|
||
over. Scent with fragrant oil if you wish to do so.
|
||
|
||
130. BAR SOAP
|
||
Take of lime water 1 teacupful, spirits of turpentine 2 teaspoonsful,
|
||
resin 1/2 lb., sal. soda 1 1/2 lbs., of bar shop soap 4 lbs.; melt and
|
||
boil all together to a proper consistency, then pour into moulds.
|
||
|
||
131. CARVER'S POLISH
|
||
In a pint of spirits of wine dissolve 2 oz. of seed lac, and 2 oz. of
|
||
resin. The principal use of this polish is for the carved parts of cabinet
|
||
work, such as standards, pillars, claws, &c. It should be laid on warm,
|
||
and it will be still better; but all moisture and dampness should be
|
||
carefully avoided.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
132. FRENCH POLISH
|
||
Take 1 oz. of shellac, 1/4 oz. of gum-arabic, and 1/4 oz. of gum copal;
|
||
bruise them well, and sift them through a piece of muslin, then put them
|
||
along with a pint of spirits of win into a closely corked vessel, place it
|
||
in a very warm situation, and shake it frequently every day till the gums
|
||
are dissolved, then strain through a piece of muslin, and keep it corked
|
||
for use.
|
||
|
||
133. WATER-PROOF POLISH
|
||
Put 2 ozs. of gum benjamin, 1/4 oz. of gum sandrac, and 1/4 oz. of gum
|
||
anima, into a pint of spirits of wine, in a closely stopped bottle, place
|
||
the bottle either in a sand bath, or in hot water, till the gums are
|
||
dissolved, then strain off the mixture, shake it up with a 1/4 of a gill
|
||
of the best clear poppy oil, and put by for use.
|
||
|
||
134 FINISHING POLISH
|
||
Put 2 drachms of shellac, and 2 drachms of gum benjamin, into 1/2 pint of
|
||
the very best rectified spirits of wine, in a bottle closely corked; keep
|
||
the bottle in a warm place, and shake it frequently till the gums are
|
||
dissolved, when cold shake up with it 2 teaspoonsful of the best clear
|
||
poppy oil, and it will be fit for use. This polish may be applied with
|
||
great advantage after any of those mentioned in the foregoing receipts
|
||
have been used. It removes the defects existing in them, increasing their
|
||
lustre and durability, and gives the surface a most brilliant appearance.
|
||
|
||
135. COMPOSITION USED IN WELDING CAST STEEL
|
||
Take of borax, 10 parts; sal-ammoniac, 1 part; grind or pound them roughly
|
||
together, then fuse them in a metal pot over a close fire, taking care to
|
||
continue the heat until all spume has disappeared from the surface, when
|
||
the liquid appears clear, the composition is ready to be poured out to
|
||
cool and concrete; afterward being ground to a fine powder. To use this
|
||
composition, the steel to be welded is raised to a heat, which may be
|
||
expressed by bright yellow, it is then dipped among the welding powder,
|
||
and again placed in the fire until it attains the same degree of heat as
|
||
before, it is then ready to be placed under the hammer.
|
||
|
||
136. COMPOSITION USED IN WELDING CAST IRON
|
||
Take good clear white course sand, 3 parts; refined solton, 1 part;
|
||
fosterine, 1 part; rock salt 1 part; borax, 1 part; mix all together. Take
|
||
2 pieces of cast iron, heat them in a moderate charcoal fire, occasionally
|
||
taking them out while heating, and dipping them into the composition,
|
||
until they are of a proper heat to weld, then at once lay them on the
|
||
anvil, and gently hammer them together, and if done carefully by one who
|
||
understands welding iron, you will have them nicely welded together. One
|
||
man prefers heating the metal, then cooling it in the water of common
|
||
beans, and heating it again for welding.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
137. CAST IRON CEMENT
|
||
Take of clean borings or turning of cast iron, 16 parts; of sal-ammoniac,
|
||
2 parts; and flour of sulphur, 1 part; mix them well together on a mortar,
|
||
and keep them dry. When required for use, take 1 part of the mixture, and
|
||
20 parts of clean borings, mix thoroughly, and add a sufficient quantity
|
||
of water. Note. - A little grindstone added improves the cement.
|
||
138. CASE HARDENING
|
||
This is the conversion of the surface of wrought iron into steel, for the
|
||
purpose of adapting it to receive a polish, or to bear friction, &c. The
|
||
best method in the world of effecting this is by heating the iron to
|
||
cherry red in a close vessel, in contact with carbonacious material, and
|
||
then plunging it into cold water. Bones, leather, hoofs, and horns of
|
||
animals, are best for this purpose, after having been burnt or roasted, so
|
||
that they can be pulverized. Soot is very frequently used; it answers, but
|
||
not so well.
|
||
|
||
139. TO SOFTEN IRON OR STEEL
|
||
Either of the following simple methods will make iron or steel as soft as
|
||
lead: - 1. Anoint it all over with tallow, temper it in a gentle charcoal
|
||
fire, and let it cool of itself. 2. Take a little clay, cover your iron
|
||
with it, temper in a charcoal fire. 3. When the iron or steel is red hot,
|
||
strew hellebore on it. 4. Quench the iron or steel in the juice, or water,
|
||
of common beans.
|
||
|
||
140. SOLDER FOR LEAD
|
||
Melt 1 part of block tin, and when in a state of fusion, add 2 parts of
|
||
lead; if a small quantity of this, when melted, is poured upon the table,
|
||
there will, if it be good, arise little bright stars upon it. Resin should
|
||
be used with this solder.
|
||
|
||
141. SOLDER FOR TIN
|
||
Take 4 parts of pewter, 1 of tin, and 1 of bismuth, melt them together,
|
||
and run them into thin slips. Resin is also employed in using this solder.
|
||
|
||
142. SOLDER FOR IRON
|
||
The best solder for iron is good tough brass, with a little borax.
|
||
|
||
143. SOLDER FOR COPPER
|
||
Take of brass, 6 parts; zinc, 1 part; tin, 1 part; melt all together, mix
|
||
well, and pour out to cool.
|
||
|
||
144. SOLDER FOR STEEL JOINTS
|
||
Silver, 19 parts; copper, 1 part; brass, 2 parts; melt all together.
|
||
|
||
145. HARD SOLDER
|
||
Fuse together 2 parts of copper, and 1 of zinc.
|
||
|
||
146. SOLDER FOR SILVER
|
||
Fuse together 5 parts of silver, and 1 part of brass.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
147. GOLD SOLDER No. 1
|
||
Take of gold, 4 parts; silver, 3 parts; copper 1 part; and zinc, 1 part.
|
||
|
||
148. GOLD SOLDER No. 2
|
||
Take of gold, 3 parts; silver, 3 parts; copper, 1 part; zinc, 1/2 part.
|
||
|
||
149. GOLD SOLDER No. 3
|
||
Take of gold, 2 parts; silver, 3 parts; copper, 1 part; and zinc 1/2 a
|
||
part. The gold, silver, and copper must be fused in a crucible before the
|
||
zinc is added, or else you cannot keep them in the vessel while heating.
|
||
When all are completely fused, they must be well stirred, and run into
|
||
bars. Solder No.1 is for gold 16 carats and upwards; No.2 is for that 14
|
||
carats fine; and No.3 for lower qualities. If more zinc is added, it will
|
||
fuse at a lower heat, but the colour is not so good.
|
||
|
||
150. MOCK GOLD
|
||
Fuse together 16 parts of copper, 7 of platinum, and 1 of zinc. When steel
|
||
is alloyed with 1/500 part of platinum, or with 1/500 part of silver, it
|
||
is rendered much harder, more malleable, and better adapted for all kinds
|
||
of cutting instruments. Note. - In making alloys, care must be taken to
|
||
have the more infusible metals melted first, and afterwards add the
|
||
others.
|
||
|
||
151. BRITANNIA METAL
|
||
Take 4 parts of brass, and 4 parts of tin; when fused add 4 parts of
|
||
metallic bismuth, and 4 parts of metallic antimony. This composition is
|
||
added at discretion to metallic tin, according to the quality you wish to
|
||
make.
|
||
|
||
152. BLANCHED COPPER
|
||
Melt together 8 parts of copper and a half part of arsenic.
|
||
|
||
153. COMMON PEWTER
|
||
Melt together 4 parts of tin and 1 part of lead.
|
||
|
||
154. BEST PEWTER
|
||
Melt together 100 parts of tin and 17 of antimony.
|
||
|
||
155. A METAL THAT EXPANDS IN COOLING
|
||
Melt together 9 parts of lead, 2 of antimony and one of bismuth. This
|
||
metal is very useful in filling small defects in iron castings, &c.
|
||
|
||
156. QUEEN'S METAL
|
||
Melt together 9 parts of tin, 1 of antimony, 1 of bismuth, and 1 of lead
|
||
|
||
157. IMITATION PLATINUM
|
||
This metal, or alloy, very closely resembles platinum. Melt together 8
|
||
parts of brass and 5 parts of zinc.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
158. CHINESE WHITE COPPER
|
||
Melt together 40.4 parts of copper, 31.6 parts of nickel, 25.4 of zinc,
|
||
and 2.6 of iron.
|
||
|
||
159. MANHEIM GOLD
|
||
Melt together 3 parts copper, 1 of zinc, and a little tin.
|
||
|
||
160. TOMBACK, OR RED BRASS
|
||
Melt together 8 parts of copper, and 1 part of zinc.
|
||
|
||
161. IMITATION GOLD
|
||
Take of platina 8 parts, of silver 4 parts, copper 12 parts, melt all
|
||
together.
|
||
|
||
162. IMITATION SILVER
|
||
Take of block tin 100 parts, metallic antimony 8 parts, bismuth 1 part,
|
||
and 4 parts of copper; melt all together.
|
||
|
||
163. TRUE IMITATION OF GOLD
|
||
Dr. Harmsteadt's imitation of gold, which is stated not only to resemble
|
||
gold in colour, but also in specific gravity and ductility, consists of 16
|
||
parts of platinum, 7 parts of copper, and 1 of zinc, put in a crucible,
|
||
covered with charcoal powder, and melted into a mass.
|
||
|
||
164. TRUE IMITATION OF SILVER
|
||
Imitation of pure silver, so perfect in its resemblance that no chemist
|
||
living can tell it from pure virgin silver. It was obtained from a German
|
||
chemist now dead; he used it for unlawful purposes to the amount of
|
||
thousands, and yet the metal is so perfect that he was never discovered.
|
||
It is all melted together in a crucible, here it is: 1/4 oz. of copper, 2
|
||
oz. of brass, 3 oz. of pure silver, 1 oz. of bismuth, 2 ozs. of saltpetre,
|
||
2 ozs. of common salt, 1 oz. of arsenic, and 1 oz. of potash.
|
||
|
||
165. MOULDS AND DIES
|
||
Take copper, zinc, and silver, in equal proportions, and melt them
|
||
together, and mould into the forms you desire, and bring the same to a
|
||
nearly white heat; now lay on the thing that you would take the impression
|
||
of, and press it with sufficient force, and you will find that you have a
|
||
perfect and beautiful impression. All of the above metals should be melted
|
||
under a coat of powdered charcoal.
|
||
|
||
166. TO SOFTEN HORN
|
||
To 1 lb. of wood ashes, add 2 lbs. of quicklime; put them into a quart of
|
||
water, let the whole boil till reduced to one third, then dip a feather
|
||
in, and if, on drawing it out, the plume should come off, it is a proof
|
||
that it is boiled enough, if not, let it boil a little longer; when it is
|
||
settled filter it off, and in the liquor thus strained put in shavings of
|
||
horn; let them soak for three days, and, first anointing your hands with
|
||
oil, work the horn into a mass, and print or mould it into any shape you
|
||
please.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
167. TO MAKE MOULDS OF HORN
|
||
If you wish to take the impression of any coin, medal, &c., previously
|
||
anoint it with oil, then lay the horn shavings over it in its softened
|
||
state; when dry the impression will be sunk into the horn, and this will
|
||
serve as a mould to reproduce, either by plaster of Paris, putty and glue,
|
||
or isinglass and ground egg shells, the exact resemblance of the coin or
|
||
medal.
|
||
168. TO CASE FIGURES IN IMITATION OF IVORY
|
||
Make isinglass and strong brandy into a paste, with powder of egg shells,
|
||
very finely ground; you may give it what colour you please, but cast it
|
||
warm into your mould, which you previously oil over; leave the figure in
|
||
the mould till dry, and you will find, on taking it out, that it bears a
|
||
very strong resemblance to ivory.
|
||
|
||
169. TRUE GOLD POWDER
|
||
Put some gold leaf, with a little honey or thick gum water, (whenever I
|
||
speak of gum I mean gum arabic,) into an earthen mortar, and pound the
|
||
mixture till the gold is reduced to very small particles; then wash out
|
||
the honey or gum repeatedly with warm water, and the gold will be left
|
||
behind in a state of powder, which, when dried, is fit for use.
|
||
|
||
170. TRUE GOLD POWDER
|
||
Another, and perhaps better method of preparing gold powder is to heat a
|
||
prepared amalgam of gold in a clean open crucible, (an amalgam of any
|
||
metal is formed by a mixture of quicksilver with that metal) continuing a
|
||
very strong heat till all the mercury has evaporated, stirring the amalgam
|
||
all the while with a glass rod; when the mercury has entirely left the
|
||
gold, grind the remainder in a Wedgewood's mortar, with a little water,
|
||
and when dried it will be fit for use. The subliming the mercury is,
|
||
however, a process injurious to the health.
|
||
|
||
171. COLOUR HEIGHTENING COMPOSITIONS
|
||
For yellow gold, dissolve in water 6 ozs. of saltpetre, 2 ozs. of
|
||
copperas, 1 oz. of white vitriol, and 1 oz. of alum. If wanted redder, add
|
||
a small portion of blue vitriol.
|
||
|
||
172. FOR GREEN GOLD
|
||
Dissolve in water a mixture consisting of 1 1/2 oz. of saltpetre; vitriol
|
||
and sal-ammoniac, 1 1/4 oz. of each, and 1 oz. verdigris.
|
||
|
||
173. FOR RED GOLD
|
||
Take 1 1/2 oz. of red ochre in fine powder, the same quantity of calcined
|
||
verdigris, 1/2 oz. of calcined borax, and 4 oz. of melted yellow wax; the
|
||
verdigris must be calcined, or else, by the heat applied in melting the
|
||
wax, the vinegar becomes so concentrated as to corrode the surface, and
|
||
make it appear speckled. These last three are colours for heightening
|
||
compositions.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
174. MOSAIC GOLD
|
||
Mosaic gold, or aurum mosaicum, is used for inferior articles. It is
|
||
prepared in the following manner: 1 lb. of tin is melted in a crucible,
|
||
and 1/2 lb. of purified quicksilver added to it; when this mixture is
|
||
cold, it is reduced to powder, and ground with 1/2 lb. of sal ammoniac,
|
||
and 7 ozs. of flower of sulphur, till the whole is thoroughly mixed; they
|
||
are then calcined in a mattrass, and the sublimation of the other
|
||
ingredients leaves the tin converted into the aurum mosaicum, which is
|
||
found at the bottom of the glass, like a mass of bright flakey gold
|
||
powder. Should any black or discoloured particles appear, they must be
|
||
|
||
removed. The sal-ammoniac used here must be very white and clear, and the
|
||
mercury quite pure and unadulterated. When a shade of deeper red is
|
||
required, it can easily be obtained by grinding a very small quantity of
|
||
red lead along with the above materials.
|
||
|
||
175. DUTCH OR GERMAN GOLD
|
||
A gilding powder is sometimes made from Dutch gold, which is sold in books
|
||
at a very low price. This is treated in the same way as the real gold leaf
|
||
in making the true gold powder. It is necessary, when this inferior powder
|
||
is used, to cover the gilding with a coat of clear varnish, otherwise it
|
||
soon loses its metallic appearance. The same remark applies, though to a
|
||
less degree, to Mosaic gilding.
|
||
|
||
176. COPPER POWDER
|
||
This is prepared by dissolving filings or slips of copper with nitrous
|
||
acid in a receiver. When the acid is saturated, the slips are to be
|
||
removed; or, if filings be employed, the solution is to be poured off from
|
||
what remains undissolved; small bars are then put in, which will
|
||
precipitate the copper from the saturated acid, in a powder of the
|
||
peculiar appearance and colour of copper, and the liquid being poured from
|
||
the powder, this is to be washed clean of the crystals by repeated
|
||
levigations.
|
||
|
||
177. COMMON SIZE
|
||
The size used by painters for most sorts of common work is prepared by
|
||
boiling in water pieces of parchment, and of the skins of animals and fins
|
||
of fish, and evaporating the solution to a proper consistency. It only
|
||
differs, however, from a solution of glue containing fewer foreign
|
||
ingredients, and in not being so strong.
|
||
|
||
178. DR. JOHN'S VARNISH FOR PLASTER OF PARIS CASTS
|
||
Take of white soap and white wax, each half an ounce, of water two pints;
|
||
boil them together for a short time in a clean vessel. This varnish is to
|
||
be applied when cold, by means of a soft brush. It does not sink in, it
|
||
readily dries, and its effect may be heightened by lightly using a silk
|
||
pocket handkerchief.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
179. GENERAL DIRECTIONS FOR BRONZING
|
||
This art is nothing but a species of painting, but far from being of the
|
||
most delicate kind. The principal ingredients made use of in it are the
|
||
true gold powder, the German gold, the aurum mosaicum, and copper powder,
|
||
(all above described.) The choice of these powders is, of course, to be
|
||
determined by the degree of brilliancy you wish to obtain. The powder is
|
||
mixed with strong gum water or isinglass, and laid on with a brush or
|
||
pencil; and when not so dry as to have still a certain clamminess, a piece
|
||
of soft leather wrapped round the finger, is dipped in the powder and
|
||
rubbed over the work; when the work has been all covered with the bronze,
|
||
it must be left to dry, and any loose powder then cleared away by a hair
|
||
pencil.
|
||
|
||
180. BRONZING IN WOOD
|
||
This may be effected by a process somewhat differing from the above,
|
||
Prussian blue, patent yellow, raw amber, lamp-black, and pipe clay are
|
||
ground separately with water on a stone, and as much of them as will make
|
||
a good colour put into a small vessel three-fourths full of size. This
|
||
mixture is found to succeed best on using about half as much more pipe
|
||
clay as of any of the other ingredients. The wood being previously cleaned
|
||
and smoothed, and coated with a mixture of clean size and lamp-black,
|
||
receives a new coating with the above compound twice successively, having
|
||
allowed the first to dry. Afterwards the bronze powder is to be laid on
|
||
with a pencil, and the whole burnished or cleaned anew, observing to
|
||
repair the parts which may be injured by this operation; next, the work
|
||
must be coated over with a thin lather of castile soap, which will take
|
||
off the glare of the burnishing, and afterwards be carefully rubbed with a
|
||
woollen cloth. The superfluous powder may be rubbed off when dry.
|
||
|
||
181. IN BRONZING IRON
|
||
The subject should be heated to a greater degree than the hand can bear;
|
||
and German gold, mixed with a small quantity of spirit of wine varnish,
|
||
spread over it with a pencil; should the iron be already polished, you
|
||
must heat it well and moisten it with a linen rag dipped in vinegar.
|
||
|
||
182. BRONZING CASTS OF PLASTER OF PARIS
|
||
There is a method of bronzing casts of plaster of Paris analogous to that
|
||
which we have above given for bronzing wood, but it is not in much repute.
|
||
Such figures may be beautifully varnished by means of Dr. John's varnish,
|
||
receipt No.178. Casts of plaster of Paris may be made by receipt No.167.
|
||
|
||
183. SHELL-LAC VARNISH
|
||
Dissolve in an iron kettle, one part of pearl-ash in about 8 parts of
|
||
water; add one part of shell-lac, and heat the whole to ebullition. When
|
||
the lac is dissolved, cool the solution, and impregnate it with chlorine,
|
||
till the lac is all precipitated. The precipitate is white, but its colour
|
||
deepens by washing and consolidation; dissolved in alcohol, lac bleached
|
||
by the above process yields a varnish which is as free from colour as any
|
||
copal varnish.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
184. CHLORINE FOR SHELL-LAC VARNISH
|
||
This may be formed by mixing intimately eight parts of common salt, and
|
||
three parts of the black oxide of manganese in powder; put this mixture
|
||
into a retort, then pour four parts of sulphuric acid, diluted with an
|
||
equal weight of water, and afterwards allowed to cool upon the salt and
|
||
manganese; the gas will then be immediately liberated, and the operation
|
||
may be quickened by a moderate heat. A tube leading from the mouth of the
|
||
retort must be passed into the resinous solution, where the gas will be
|
||
absorbed, and the lac precipitated.
|
||
|
||
185. SHELL-LAC VARNISHES OF VARIOUS COLOURS
|
||
These may be made by using ant colour in fine powder with the varnish, in
|
||
the following manner: rub up the colour with a little alcohol or spirits
|
||
of turpentine till it becomes perfectly smooth, then put it into the cup
|
||
with the varnish. Shell-lac varnish is the best spirit varnish we have,
|
||
and may be made any colour by the above process.
|
||
|
||
186. GOLD OIL-COLOUR, OR SIZE
|
||
The English method of preparing the colour in size, which serves as the
|
||
ground on which the gold is laid, is, to grind together some red oxide of
|
||
lead with the thickest drying oil that can be procured, the older the
|
||
better. To make it work freely, it is mixed, before being used, with a
|
||
little oil of turpentine, till it is brought to a proper consistence. The
|
||
above four receipts are used in japanning.
|
||
|
||
187. JAPANNING
|
||
If it be woodwork you are about to japan, it must be prepared with size,
|
||
and some coarse material mixed with it to fill up and harden the grain of
|
||
the wood, (such as may best suit the colour to be laid on,) which must be
|
||
rubbed smooth with glass paper when dry. In cases of accident, it is
|
||
seldom necessary to resize the damaged places, unless they are
|
||
considerable.
|
||
|
||
188. GRINDING COLOURS IN JAPANNING
|
||
Be very careful in japanning, to grind your colours smooth in spirits of
|
||
turpentine, then add a small quantity of turpentine and spirit varnish,
|
||
lay it carefully on with a camel hair brush, and varnish it with brown or
|
||
white varnish, according to the colour.
|
||
|
||
189. COLOURS REQUIRED IN JAPANNING
|
||
Flake white, red lead, vermillion, lake, Prussian blue, patent yellow,
|
||
orpiment, orchres, verditers, vandyke brown, umber, lamp-black, and
|
||
siennas raw and burnt. With these you may match almost any colour in
|
||
general use in japanning. For a black japan, it will be found sufficient
|
||
to mix a little gold-size with lamp-black; this will bear a good gloss,
|
||
without requiring to be varnished afterwards.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
190. TO PREPARE A FINE TORTOISE-SHELL JAPAN
|
||
Take 1 gallon of good linseed oil, and 1/2 lb. of umber; boil them
|
||
together till the oil becomes very brown and thick, then strain it through
|
||
a coarse cloth, and set it again to boil; in which state it must be
|
||
continued till it acquires a consistence resembling that of pitch; it will
|
||
then be fit for use.
|
||
|
||
191. DIRECTIONS FOR USING TORTOISE-SHELL JAPAN
|
||
Having thus prepared the varnish or japan, clean well the substance which
|
||
is to be japanned; then lay vermillion, tempered with shell-lac varnish,
|
||
or with drying oil, very thinly diluted with oil of turpentine, on the
|
||
places intended to imitate the more transparent parts of the
|
||
tortoise-shell; when the vermillion is dry, brush the whole over with
|
||
black varnish, tempered to a due consistence with the oil of turpentine.
|
||
When set and firm, put the work into a stove, where it may undergo a
|
||
very strong heat, which must be continued a considerable time; if even
|
||
three weeks or a month it will be the better. This tortoise-shell ground
|
||
it not less valuable for its great hardness, and enduring to be made
|
||
hotter than boiling water without damage, than for the superior beauty and
|
||
brilliancy of its appearance.
|
||
|
||
192. TO MAKE CLOTH, SILK &c., WATER-PROOF
|
||
Mix equal quantities of alum and acetate of lead, and dissolve the mixture
|
||
in 1 1/2 gallons of boiling water. When the solution has cooled,remove the
|
||
supernatent liquid from the sediment, which consists of sulphate of lead,
|
||
and is ready for use. Any article of dress, when well saturated in this
|
||
liquid, and allowed to dry slowly, bears the action of boiling water, and
|
||
does not permit it to pass through, although steam and air penetrate if
|
||
freely.
|
||
|
||
193. CROCKERY CEMENT
|
||
Dissolve 1 oz. of common salt in 1 quart of water, bring to a boil, and
|
||
put in 1 1/4 lbs. gum shell-lac; when it shall have dissolved, pour into
|
||
cold water, and work like wax; make into small sticks. This will make
|
||
crockery as firm as a rock. Directions: - Warm the stick, apply it to the
|
||
broken edges, then heat the edges, place them together and hold for a
|
||
minute, and they are firm.
|
||
|
||
194. A CEMENT FOR CHINA, GLASS-WARE, &c.
|
||
Take a thick mucilage of gum arabic, and stir into it plaster of Paris to
|
||
form a thick paste, apply to the edges with a brush, and press firmly
|
||
together and confine them two or three days, and you will be astonished at
|
||
their firmness.
|
||
|
||
195. ANGLER'S SECRET
|
||
The juice of loveage or smellage mixed with any kind of bait, or a few
|
||
drops of the oil of rhodium; India cockle, also, is sometimes mixed with
|
||
flour dough, and sprinkled on the surface of still water. This intoxicates
|
||
the fish, and makes him turn up on the top of the water, when he is taken
|
||
and put in a tub of fresh water until he revives, when all is right; he
|
||
may be eaten without fear; but this will destroy many fish.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
196. MORELLA WINE
|
||
Take the juice of morella or tame cherries, and to each quart put 3 quarts
|
||
of water, and 4 lbs. of coarse brown sugar; let them ferment, and skim
|
||
until worked clear; then draw off, avoiding the sediment at the bottom,
|
||
bung up, or bottle, which is best for all wines, letting the bottles lie
|
||
always on the side, either for wines or beers.
|
||
|
||
197. HAIR DYE
|
||
No.1 Crystalised nitrate of silver, 1 drachm; soft water, 1 oz.
|
||
No.2 Sulphide (sulphuret is the same) of potassium, 1 drachm; soft water,
|
||
1 oz.; wash the beard or hair with soap to remove oil, dry with a towel a
|
||
little then apply No.1, and directly after it No.2, for a few minutes,
|
||
alternately, using different tooth brushes for each No. Clear days are
|
||
best on which to apply it. As soon as dry, wash out well with soap. Keep
|
||
it from shirt bosoms and face, especially No.1, as it will make the face
|
||
sore as well as colour it. If you do get it on the skin, cyanide (cyanuret
|
||
is the same) of potassium, 1 drachm, to 2 ozs. of water, will take it off.
|
||
This last is poison, however, and should not touch sore places, nor be
|
||
left where children may get at it.
|
||
|
||
198. TALLOW CANDLES IN IMITATION OF WAX
|
||
Purify melted mutton tallow by throwing in powdered quicklime, then add 2
|
||
parts of wax to 1 of tallow. A most beautiful article of candle,
|
||
resembling wax, will be produced by the mixture. Dip the wicks in
|
||
lime-water and saltpetre on making.
|
||
|
||
199. TO STAIN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS A CRIMSON STAIN
|
||
Take of ground Brazil, 1 lb.; water, 3 quarts; cochineal, 1/2 oz.; boil
|
||
the Brazil in the water for an hour; then strain, and add the cochineal;
|
||
then boil it gently for half-an-hour, when it will be fit for use. If you
|
||
wish a scarlet tint, boil an ounce of saffron in a quart of water, and
|
||
pass over the work before you stain it. The article must be very clean,
|
||
and of firwood, or the best sycamore. When varnished over this stain it is
|
||
most elegant.
|
||
|
||
200. A PURPLE STAIN FOR VIOLINS, &c.
|
||
Take of chipped logwood, 1 lb.; of water, 3 quarts; of pearl-ash, 4 ozs.;
|
||
of indigo, pounded, 2 ozs.; put the logwood in the water, boil well for an
|
||
hour, then add the pearl-ash and indigo, and when dissolved, you will have
|
||
a beautiful purple.
|
||
|
||
201. A BLUE STAIN FOR VIOLINS, &c.
|
||
Take of oil of vitriol in a glass bottle, 1 lb.; put into it 4 ozs. of
|
||
indigo, and precede as directed in dyeing.
|
||
|
||
202. GREEN STAIN FOR VIOLINS, &c.
|
||
Take of strong vinegar, 3 pints; of best verdigris, 4 ozs., ground fine;
|
||
of sap green, 1/2 oz.; of indigo, 1/2 oz.; mix all together.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
203. GENERAL DIRECTIONS FOR DYEING
|
||
The materials should be perfectly clean; soap should be rinsed out in soft
|
||
water; the article should be entirely wetted, or it will spot; light
|
||
colours should be steeped in brass, tin or earthen; and, if set at all,
|
||
should be set with alum. Dark colours should be boiled in iron, and set
|
||
with copperas; too much copperas rots the thread.
|
||
|
||
204. FOR COLOURING SKY BLUE
|
||
Get the blue composition; it may be had at the druggist's, or clothier's,
|
||
for a shilling an ounce. If the articles are not white, the old colours
|
||
should all be discharged by soap or a strong solution of tartaric acid,
|
||
then rinsed; 12 or 16 drops of the composition, stirred into a quart-bowl
|
||
of warm water, and strained if settlings are seen, will dye a great many
|
||
articles. If you want a deeper colour, add a few drops more of the
|
||
composition. If you wish to colour cotton goods, put in pounded chalk to
|
||
destroy the acid, which is very destructive to all cotton; let it stand
|
||
until the effervescence subsides, and then it may be safely used for
|
||
cotton or silk.
|
||
205. FOR LILAC COLOUR
|
||
Take a little pinch of archil, and put some boiling hot water upon it, add
|
||
to it a very little lump of pear-lash. Shades may be altered by pear-lash,
|
||
common slat, or wine.
|
||
|
||
206. TO COLOUR BLACK
|
||
Logwood and cider, boiled together in iron, water being added for the
|
||
evaporation, makes a good durable black. Rusty nails or any bits of rusty
|
||
iron, boiled in vinegar, with a small piece of copperas, will also dye
|
||
black; so will ink powder, if boiled with vinegar. In all cases, black
|
||
must be set with copperas.
|
||
|
||
207. TO DYE LEMON COLOUR
|
||
Peach leaves, bark scraped from the barberry bush, or saffron, steeped in
|
||
water, and set with alum, will colour a bright lemon, drop in a little
|
||
gum-arabic to make the articles stiff.
|
||
|
||
208. TO DYE ROYAL PURPLE
|
||
Soak logwood chips in soft water until the strength is out, then add a
|
||
teaspoonful of alum to a quart of the liquid; if this is not bright
|
||
enough, add more alum, rinse and dry. When the dye is exhausted, it will
|
||
colour a fine lilac.
|
||
|
||
209. TO DYE SLATE COLOUR
|
||
Tea grounds, boiled in iron vessels, set with copperas, makes a good slate
|
||
colour. To produce a light slate colour, boil white maple bark in clear
|
||
water, with a little alum. The bark should be boiled in brass utensils.
|
||
The goods should be boiled in it and then hu
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
210. TO DYE SCARLET
|
||
Dip the cloth in a solution of alkaline or metallic salt, then in a
|
||
cochineal dye, and let it remain some time, and it will come out
|
||
permanently coloured. Another method: 1/2 lb. of madder, 1/2 oz. of cream
|
||
tartar, and 1 oz. of marine acid to 1 lb. of cloth; put it all together,
|
||
and bring the dye to a scalding heat; put in your materials, and they will
|
||
be coloured in ten minutes. The dye must be only scalding hot. Rinse your
|
||
goods in cold water as soon as they come from the dye.
|
||
|
||
211. TO COLOUR A BRIGHT MADDER
|
||
For 1 lb. of yard or cloth, take 3 ozs. of madder; 3 ozs. of alum; 1 oz.
|
||
of cream tartar; prepare a brass kettle with two gallons of water, and
|
||
bring the liquor to a steady heat, then add your alum and tartar, and
|
||
bring it to a boil; put in your cloth, and boil it two hours; take it out,
|
||
and rinse it in cold water; empty your kettle, and fill it with as much
|
||
water as before; then add your madder; rub it in fine in the water before
|
||
your cloth is in. When your dye is as warm as you can bear your hand in,
|
||
then put in your cloth, and let it lie one hour, and keep a steady heat;
|
||
keep it in motion constantly, then bring it to a boil fifteen minutes,
|
||
then air and rinse it. If your goods are new, use 4 ozs. of madder to a
|
||
lb.
|
||
212. TO COLOUR GREEN
|
||
If you wish to colour green, have your cloth as free as possible from the
|
||
old colour, clean, and rinsed; and, in the first place, colour it deep
|
||
yellow. Fustic, boiled in soft water, makes the strongest and brightest
|
||
yellow dye; but saffron, barberry-bush, peach-leaves, or onion-skins, will
|
||
answer pretty well. Next take a bowlful of strong yellow dye, and pour in
|
||
a great spoonful or more of the blue composition, stir it up well with a
|
||
clean stick, and dip the articles you have already coloured yellow into
|
||
it, and they will take a lively grass-green. This is a good plan for old
|
||
bombazet-curtains, dessert-cloths, old flannel for desk coverings, &c.
|
||
|
||
213. TO DYE STRAW COLOUR AND YELLOW
|
||
Saffron, steeped in earthen and strained, colours a fine straw colour. It
|
||
makes a delicate or deep shade, according to the strength of the tea.
|
||
Colouring yellow is described in receipt No.212. In all these cases a
|
||
little bit of alum does no harm, and may help to fix the colour. Ribbons,
|
||
gauze handkerchiefs, &c., are coloured well in this way, especially if
|
||
they be stiffened by a bit of gum-arabic, dropped in while the stuff is
|
||
steeping.
|
||
|
||
214. TO DYE A DRAB COLOUR
|
||
Take plum tree sprouts, and boil them an hour or more; add copperas,
|
||
according to the shade you wish your articles to be. White ribbons take
|
||
very pretty in this dye.
|
||
|
||
215. TO DYE PURPLE
|
||
Boil an ounce of cochineal in a quart of vinegar. This will afford a
|
||
beautiful purple.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
216 TO DYE BROWN
|
||
Use a teaspoonful of soda to an ounce of cochineal, and a quart of soft
|
||
water.
|
||
|
||
217. TO COLOUR PINK
|
||
Boil 1 lb. of cloth an hour in alum water, pound 3/4 of an oz. of
|
||
cochineal and mix 1 oz. of cream of tartar; put in a brass kettle, with
|
||
water, enough to cover the cloth; when about blood hot, put in your cloth,
|
||
stir constantly, and boil about fifteen minutes.
|
||
|
||
218. TO DYE A COFFEE COLOUR
|
||
Use copperas in a madder-dye, instead of madder compound.
|
||
|
||
219. TO DYE NANKIN COLOUR
|
||
The simplest way is to take a pailful of lye, to which put a piece of
|
||
copperas half as big as a hen's egg; boil in a copper or tin kettle.
|
||
|
||
220. TO MAKE ROSE COLOUR
|
||
Balm blossoms, steeped in water, colour a pretty rose colour. This answers
|
||
very well for the linings of children's bonnets, for ribbons, &c.
|
||
|
||
221. TO DYE STRAW AND CHIP BONNETS BLACK
|
||
Boil them in strong logwood liquor 3 or 4 hours, occasionally adding green
|
||
copperas, and taking the bonnets out to cool in the air, and this must be
|
||
continued for some hours. Let the bonnets remain in the liquor all night,
|
||
and the next morning take them out, dry them in the air, and brush them
|
||
with a soft brush. Lastly, rub them inside and out with a sponge moistened
|
||
with oil, and then send them to be blocked. Hats are done in the same way.
|
||
|
||
222. TO DYE WHITE GLOVES A BEAUTIFUL PURPLE
|
||
Boil 4 oz. of logwood, and 2 oz. of roche-alum, in 3 pints of soft water,
|
||
till half wasted; let it stand to be cold after straining. If they be old
|
||
gloves let them be mended; then do them over with a brush, and when dry
|
||
repeat it. Twice is sufficient unless the colour is to be very dark; when
|
||
dry, rub off the loose dye with a coarse cloth; beat up the white of an
|
||
egg, and with a sponge, rub it over the leather. The dye will stain the
|
||
hands, but wetting them with vinegar before they are washed will take it
|
||
off.
|
||
|
||
223. TO BLEACH STRAW HATS, &c.
|
||
Straw hats and bonnets are bleached by putting them, previously washed in
|
||
pure water, in a box with burning sulphur; the fumes which arise unite
|
||
with the water on the bonnets, and the sulphurous acid, thus formed,
|
||
bleaches them.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
224. TO DYE SILKS BLACK
|
||
To 8 gallons of water add 4 ozs. of copperas; immerse for 1 hour and take
|
||
out and rinse; boil 2 lbs. logwood chips, or 1/2 lb. of extract; 1/2 lb.
|
||
of fustic; and for white silks, 1/2 lb. of nicwood; dissolve 2 lbs. of
|
||
good bar-soap in a gallon of water; mix all the liquids together, and then
|
||
add the soap, having just enough to cover the silk; stir briskly until a
|
||
good lather is formed, then immerse the silk and handle it lively. The dye
|
||
should be as warm as the hand will bear; dry quickly and without rinsing.
|
||
The above is enough for 10 yards or one dress.
|
||
|
||
225. TO COLOUR YELLOW ON COTTON
|
||
Wet 6 lbs. of goods thoroughly; and to the same quantity of water add 9
|
||
oz. of sugar of lead; and to the same quantity of water in another vessel,
|
||
add 6 oz. of bichromate of potash; dip the goods first into the solution
|
||
of sugar of lead, and next into that of the potash, and then again into
|
||
the first; wring out, dry, and afterwards rinse in cold water.
|
||
|
||
226. FOR STAINING GLASS - No.1 FLUX
|
||
Minimum, or red lead, 3 parts; white sand, washed, 1 part. This mixture is
|
||
melted, by which it is converted into a greenish-yellow glass
|
||
|
||
227. No.2 FLUX
|
||
Of No.1, 8 parts; fused borax, in powder, 1 part. This mixture is melted.
|
||
|
||
228. No.3 FLUX
|
||
Fused borax, 5 parts; calcined flint, 3 parts; pure minium, 1 part. This
|
||
mixture is also melted. The above fluxes are used in procuring the
|
||
different colours for staining glass.
|
||
|
||
229. INDIGO BLUE
|
||
Oxide of cobalt, 1 part; flux No.3, 2 parts.
|
||
|
||
230. TURQUOISE BLUE
|
||
Oxide of cobalt, 1 part; oxide of zinc, 3 or 4 parts; flux No.3, 6 parts;
|
||
melt and pour out. If it is not sufficiently green, increase the zinc and
|
||
flux.
|
||
|
||
231. AZURE BLUE
|
||
Oxide of cobalt, 1 part; oxide of zinc, 2 parts; flux No.2, 8 parts; melt
|
||
them together.
|
||
|
||
232. DEEP AZURE BLUE
|
||
Oxide of cobalt, 1 part; oxide of zinc, 2 parts; flux No.2, 5 parts. The
|
||
beauty of this colour depends on the proportion of flux. As little as
|
||
possible is to be used; it must, however, be brilliant. Sometimes less is
|
||
used than the proportion indicated.
|
||
|
||
233. SKY BLUE
|
||
Oxide of cobalt, 1 part; oxide of zinc, 2 parts; flux No.2, 12 parts;
|
||
pound up, melt, and pour out.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
234. EMERALD GREEN
|
||
Oxide of copper, 1 part; antimonic acid, 10 parts; flux No.1, 30 parts;
|
||
pulverize together, and melt.
|
||
|
||
235. BLUEISH GREEN
|
||
Green oxide of chromium, 1 part; oxide of cobalt, 2 parts; triturate, and
|
||
melt at a high heat. The product is a button slightly melted, from which
|
||
is removed the portion in contact with the crucible. This button is
|
||
pounded up, and three parts of flux No.3, for one of the button, are added
|
||
to it.
|
||
|
||
236. GRASS GREEN
|
||
Green oxide of chromium 1 part, flux No.3, 3 parts, triturate and melt.
|
||
|
||
237. DEEP YELLOW
|
||
Antimonic acid 2 parts, subsulphate of iron 1 part, flux No.1, 10 parts;
|
||
melt and pour out. The subsulphate of iron may be increased a little, the
|
||
proportions of flux vary.
|
||
|
||
238. JONQUILLE YELLOW FOR FLOWERS
|
||
Litharge 18 parts, sand 6 parts. The product of the calcination of equal
|
||
parts of lead and tin 2 parts, carbonate of soda 1 part, antimonic acid 1
|
||
part, rub together, or triturate, and melt.
|
||
|
||
239. WAX YELLOW
|
||
Litharge 18 parts, sand 4 parts, oxide of antimony 2 parts, sienna earth 2
|
||
parts; melt. If it is too deep the proportion of sienna earth may be
|
||
decreased.
|
||
|
||
240. ORANGE YELLOW
|
||
Chromate of lead 1 part, minium 3 parts.
|
||
|
||
241. BRICK RED
|
||
Yellow No.240, 12 parts; red oxide of iron, 1 part.
|
||
|
||
242. DEEP BLOOD RED
|
||
Subsulphate of iron, calcined in a muffle until it becomes a beautiful
|
||
capucine red, 1 part; flux No.2, 3 parts; mix without melting.
|
||
|
||
243. BROWN YELLOW OCHRE
|
||
Yellow ochre No.244, 10 parts; sienna earth, 1 part; triturate without
|
||
melting.
|
||
|
||
244. DEEP YELLOW OCHRE - CALLED YELLOW BROWN
|
||
Subsulphate of iron, 1 part; oxide of zinc, 1 part; flux No.2, 5 parts;
|
||
triturate without melting.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
245. PURE PURPLE
|
||
The purple powder of Cassius mixed while moist with flux No.3, and
|
||
sometimes a little chloride of silver previously melted with flux No.3. If
|
||
the purple, when prepared, does not melt sufficiently easy, some flux may
|
||
be added when it is dry.
|
||
|
||
246. DEEP VIOLET
|
||
The purple of Cassius, in place of flux No.3, flux No.1 is mixed with it.
|
||
Sometimes a little of blue No.233 is added.
|
||
|
||
247. FLESH RED
|
||
The sulphate of iron, put in a small crucible, and lightly calcined,
|
||
produces a suitable red oxide. Those which have the desired tone are
|
||
selected. All the flesh reds are made in this way, and vary only in the
|
||
degree of heat which they receive.
|
||
|
||
248. HAIR BROWN
|
||
Yellow ochre, No.244, 15 parts; oxide of cobalt, 1 part; well triturated
|
||
and calcined, in order to give the tone to it.
|
||
|
||
249. LIVER BROWN
|
||
Oxide of iron made of a red brown, and mixed with three times its weight
|
||
of flux No.2. A tenth of sienna earth is added to it if it is not
|
||
sufficiently deep.
|
||
|
||
250. WHITE
|
||
The white enamel of commerce in cakes.
|
||
|
||
251. YELLOWISH GREY
|
||
Yellow No.252, 1 part; blue No.233, 1 part; oxide of zinc, 2 or 3 parts;
|
||
flux No.2, 5 parts; sometimes a little black is added, according to the
|
||
tone which the mixture produces. The proportions of the blue and yellow
|
||
vary.
|
||
|
||
252. YELLOW FOR BROWNS & GREENS
|
||
Antimonic acid, 2 parts; sulphate of iron 1 part; flux No.1, 9 parts. This
|
||
colour is melted and sometimes a little Naples Yellow is added if it is
|
||
too soft, i.e., melts too easily.
|
||
|
||
253. BLUEISH GREY FOR MIXTURES
|
||
Blue previously made by melting together three parts of flux No.1, and one
|
||
part of the mixture of oxide of cobalt, 8 parts; oxide of zinc, 1 part;
|
||
sulphate of iron calcined at a forge heat, 1 part; flux No.2, 3 parts;
|
||
triturate and add a little manganese in order to render it more grey.
|
||
|
||
254. GRAYISH BLACK FOR MIXTURES
|
||
Yellow ochre, No.244, 15 parts; oxide of cobalt, 1 part; triturate and
|
||
calcine in a crucible until it has the desired tone. A little oxide of
|
||
manganese is added in order to make it blacker; sometimes a little more of
|
||
oxide of cobalt.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
255. DEEP BLACK
|
||
Oxide of cobalt, 2 parts; oxide of copper, 2 parts; oxide of manganese, 1
|
||
part; flux No.1, 6 parts; fused borax, 1/2 part; melt and add oxide of
|
||
manganese, 1 part; oxide of copper, 2 parts; triturate without melting.
|
||
|
||
256. GENERAL DIRECTIONS
|
||
The colours thus prepared after having been rubbed up on a plate of ground
|
||
glass with the spirits of turpentine or lavender, thickened in the air are
|
||
applied with a hair pencil. Before using them, however, it is necessary to
|
||
try them on small pieces of glass, and expose them to the fire, to
|
||
ascertain if the desired tone of colour is produced. The artist must be
|
||
guided by these proof pieces in using his colours. The proper glass for
|
||
receiving these colours should be uniform, colourless, and difficult of
|
||
fusion. For this reason crown glass made with a little alkali or kelp is
|
||
preferred. A design must be drawn upon paper and placed beneath the plate
|
||
of glass. The upper side of the glass being sponged over with gum-water
|
||
affords, when dry, a surface proper for receiving the colours, without the
|
||
risk of their running irregularly, as they would be apt to do on the
|
||
slippery glass. The artist draws on the plate, with a fine pencil all the
|
||
traces which mark the great outlines and shades of the figures. This is
|
||
usually done in black , and afterwards, when it is dry, the vitrifying
|
||
colours are laid on by means of larger hair pencils. The yellow formed
|
||
with chloride of silver is generally laid on the back of the glass, for it
|
||
is apt to run with the other colours while heating.
|
||
The pigments used in painting on glass are principally matallic oxides and
|
||
chlorides, and as, in most of these, the colour is not brought out until
|
||
after the painting is submitted to heat, it is necessary to ascertain
|
||
beforehand if the colours are properly mixed by painting on slips of
|
||
glass, and exposing them to heat in a muffle. The painter is guided by
|
||
these trial pieces in laying on his colours. To fire the paintings a
|
||
furnace with a muffle is used. The muffles are made of refractory clay.
|
||
|
||
257. WHITE COATING FOR GOLD VARNISHES
|
||
A quart of strong parchment size and half a pint of water are to be made
|
||
quite hot, and to these are to be added, (in small portions from time to
|
||
time,) two good handsful of common whiting, passed through a fine sieve;
|
||
this mixture is to be left to infuse for half an hour, when it is to be
|
||
stirred carefully so that the amalgamation may be perfect. This coating is
|
||
preferable to any glue or cement for coating picture frames, &c., on which
|
||
is to be laid the tin or silver foil, to be varnished with gold varnishes
|
||
or lackers.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
258. LEAD COLOURING PAINT
|
||
|
||
Whiting, 112 lbs...................... $1.12
|
||
Blue-black, 5 lbs..................... 0.25
|
||
White lead ground in oil, 28 lbs...... 2.24
|
||
Road-dirt, 56 lbs..................... 0.10
|
||
Lime-water, 5 galls................... 0.05
|
||
Residue of the oil, 2 1/4 galls....... 1.25
|
||
--------
|
||
Weights, 256 lbs....... $5.01
|
||
|
||
To the above add two galls. of the incorporated oil, and 2 galls. of the
|
||
linseed oil to thin it for use, and it will not exceed two cents and a
|
||
quarter. The lime-water, whiting, road-dirt, and blue-black, must be first
|
||
mixed together, then add the ground lead, first blending it with 2 1/2
|
||
galls. of the prepared fish oil; after which, thin the whole with 2 galls.
|
||
of linseed oil and 2 galls. of incorporated oil, and it will be fit for
|
||
use. For garden doors, and other work liable to be in constant use, a
|
||
little spirits of turpentine may be added to the paint whilst laying on,
|
||
which will have the desired effect.
|
||
|
||
259. BRIGHT GREEN PAINT
|
||
|
||
112 lbs. yellow ochre in powder at 5 cts. per lb.... $5.50
|
||
168 lbs. road-dust.................................. 0.25
|
||
112 lbs. wet blue, at 20 cts. per lb................ 22.40
|
||
10 lbs. blue-black, at 5 cts. per lb............... 0.50
|
||
6 galls. of lime-water............................ 0.06
|
||
4 galls. fish oil, prepared....................... 2.40
|
||
7 1/2 galls. incorporated oil..................... 4.28
|
||
7 1/2 galls. linseed oil, at 90 cts. per gal...... 6.75
|
||
--------
|
||
Weights, 592 lbs.............. $42.24
|
||
|
||
It will be seen that the bright green paint costs but about 7 cts. per
|
||
lb., ready to lay on; and the inventor challenges any colour-man or
|
||
painter to produce a green equal to it for five times the price. After
|
||
painting, the colour left in the pot may be covered with water to prevent
|
||
it from sinking, and the brushes, as usual, should be cleaned with the
|
||
painting-knife, and kept under water. A brighter green may be formed by
|
||
omitting the blue-black. A lighter green may be had by the addition of 10
|
||
lbs. of ground white lead. Observe that the wet blue must be ground with
|
||
the incorporated oil, preparatory to its being mixed with the mass.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
260. STONE-COLOURED PAINT
|
||
|
||
Lime-water, 4 galls................. $0.04
|
||
Whiting, 112 lbs.................... 1.12
|
||
White lead, ground, 28 lbs.......... 2.24
|
||
Road-dust, 56 lbs................... 0.10
|
||
Prepared fish oil, 2 galls.......... 1.20
|
||
Incorporated oil, 3 1/2 galls....... 2.00
|
||
Linseed oil, 3 1/2 galls............ 3.15
|
||
--------
|
||
Weights, 293 lbs....... $9.85
|
||
|
||
The above stone-colour fit for use, is not three and a half cents per
|
||
pound.
|
||
|
||
261. BROWN-RED COLOURED PAINT
|
||
|
||
Lime-water, 8 galls................. $0.08
|
||
Spanish brown, 112 lbs.............. 3.36
|
||
Road-dust, 224 lbs.................. 0.40
|
||
4 galls. of fish oil................ 2.40
|
||
4 galls. incorporated oil........... 2.28
|
||
4 galls. linseed oil................ 3.60
|
||
--------
|
||
Weights, 501 lbs....... $12.12
|
||
|
||
This paint is scarcely two and a half cents per pound. The Spanish brown
|
||
must be in powder.
|
||
|
||
262. A GOOD CHOCOLATE COLOURED PAINT
|
||
This is made by the addition of blue black in powder, or lamp-black to
|
||
receipt No.261, till the colour is to the painter's mind; and a lighter
|
||
brown may be formed by adding ground white lead. By ground lead is meant
|
||
white lead ground in oil.
|
||
|
||
263. YELLOW PAINT
|
||
This is prepared with yellow ochre in powder, to receipt No.261, in the
|
||
same proportion as Spanish brown.
|
||
|
||
264. BLACK PAINT
|
||
This is also prepared in the same proportion, as in receipt No.261, using
|
||
lamp-black or blue-black, instead of Spanish brown.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
265. WHITE PAINT
|
||
Slack a peck of nice, clean, fresh lime in a covered vessel, with water
|
||
which is boiling hot; when well slacked, strain it well, then add to it 1
|
||
1/2 lbs. of finely ground rice; let the rice be boiled to a thin paste,
|
||
and stirred in while very hot; 1/2 peck of common salt, well dissolved in
|
||
warm water; 1/2 lb. of clean glue, dissolved in water; and 1/4 lb. of
|
||
whiting; when well mixed, add 5 gallons of very hot water, then stir well,
|
||
and let stand a few days well covered. Pit it on hot, and it will stand
|
||
the weather as well as a good deal of white lead. You may colour this
|
||
paint to suit your taste, using and stirring in well Spanish brown for a
|
||
red pink colour. Take common clay finely powdered, and mixed well with
|
||
Spanish brown for a reddish stone-colour. For yellow colour use yellow
|
||
ochre if you please, but chrome yellow makes a richer colour and less
|
||
does. You may make the colours dark or light according to the quantity of
|
||
colouring matter used.
|
||
|
||
266 COMPOUND COLOURED PAINTS
|
||
The various colours that may be obtained by the mixture of other colours,
|
||
are innumerable. I only propose here to give the best and simplest modes
|
||
of preparing those which are required for use. Compound colours, formed by
|
||
the union of only two colours, are called by painters virgin tints. The
|
||
smaller the number of colours of which any compound colour is composed,
|
||
the purer and the richer it will be. They are prepared as follows:
|
||
|
||
267. LIGHT GREY
|
||
This is made by mixing white lead with lamp-black, using more or less of
|
||
each material, as you wish to obtain a darker or lighter colour.
|
||
|
||
268. BUFF COLOUR
|
||
This is made from yellow ochre and white lead.
|
||
|
||
269. SILVER OR PEARL GREY
|
||
Mix white lead, indigo, and a very light portion of black, regulating the
|
||
quantities by the shade you wish to obtain.
|
||
|
||
270. FLAXEN GREY
|
||
This is obtained by a mixture of white lead and Prussian blue, with a
|
||
small quantity of lake.
|
||
|
||
271. BRICK COLOUR
|
||
This is prepared by mixing yellow ochre, and red lead, with a little white
|
||
lead.
|
||
|
||
272. OAK WOOD COLOUR
|
||
Mix together three-fourths white lead, and one-fourth part umber and
|
||
yellow ochre; the proportions of the last two ingredients being determined
|
||
by the required tints.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
273. WALNUT TREE COLOUR
|
||
Two-thirds white lead, and one-third red ochre, yellow ochre, and umber,
|
||
mixed according to the shade sought. If veining is required, use different
|
||
shades of the same mixture, and for the deepest places, black.
|
||
|
||
274. JONQUIL
|
||
Mix together yellow, pink, and white lead. This colour is only proper for
|
||
distemper
|
||
|
||
275. LEMON YELLOW
|
||
Mix together realgar and orpiment; some object to this mixture on account
|
||
of the poisonous nature of the ingredients. The same colour can be
|
||
obtained by mixing yellow-pink with Naples yellow; but it is then only fit
|
||
for distemper.
|
||
|
||
276. ORANGE COLOUR
|
||
For this colour mix red lead and yellow ochre.
|
||
|
||
277. VIOLET COLOUR
|
||
Make by mixing vermillion, or red lead, with black or blue, and a small
|
||
portion of white: vermillion is far preferable to red lead, in mixing this
|
||
colour.
|
||
|
||
278. PURPLE
|
||
Made by mixing dark-red with violet-colour.
|
||
|
||
280. GOLD COLOUR
|
||
This is procured by mixing massicot, or Naples yellow, with a small
|
||
quantity of realgar, and a very little Spanish white.
|
||
|
||
281. OLIVE COLOUR
|
||
This may be obtained by various mixtures: black and a little blue, mixed
|
||
with yellow; yellow-pink, with a little verdigris and lamp-black; or ochre
|
||
and a small quantity of white, will also produce a kind of olive colour.
|
||
For distemper, indigo and yellow-pink, mixed with white lead or Spanish
|
||
white, must be used. If veined, it should be done with umber.
|
||
|
||
282. LEAD COLOUR
|
||
Mix together indigo and white lead or whiting.
|
||
|
||
283 CHESTNUT COLOUR
|
||
Mix red-ochre and black, for a dark-chestnut. To make it lighter, employ a
|
||
mixture of yellow-ochre.
|
||
|
||
284. LIGHT TIMBER COLOUR
|
||
For this colour mix together spruce-ochre, white and a little umber.
|
||
|
||
285. FLESH COLOUR
|
||
Mix lake, white-lead, and a little vermillion.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
286. LIGHT WILLOW GREEN
|
||
This is made by mixing white with verdigris.
|
||
|
||
287. STONE COLOUR
|
||
Mix white with a little spruce-ochre.
|
||
|
||
288. DARK LEAD COLOUR
|
||
Mix black and white with a little indigo.
|
||
|
||
289. FAWN COLOUR
|
||
Mix white lead, stone-ochre, and a little vermillion.
|
||
|
||
290. CHOCOLATE COLOUR
|
||
Mix lamp-black and Spanish brown. On account of the fatness of the
|
||
lamp-black, mix some litharge and red lead.
|
||
|
||
291. PORTLAND STONE COLOUR
|
||
Mix umber, yellow ochre, and white lead. The variety of shades of brown
|
||
that may be obtained, are nearly as numerous as those of green.
|
||
292. TO IMITATE MAHOGANY
|
||
Let the first coat of painting be white lead, the second orange, and the
|
||
last burned umber or sienna; imitating the veins according to your taste
|
||
and practice.
|
||
|
||
293. TO IMITATE WAINSCOAT
|
||
Let the first coat be white, the second half white and half yellow-ochre,
|
||
and the third yellow-ochre only. Shadow with umber or sienna.
|
||
|
||
294. TO IMITATE SATIN WOOD
|
||
Take white for your first coating, light blue for the second, and dark
|
||
blue or dark green for the third.
|
||
|
||
295. TURNER'S PATENT YELLOW PAINT
|
||
When sea-salt is made into a paste with litharge, it is decomposed, its
|
||
acid unites with the litharge, and the soda is set free. Hence Turner's
|
||
patent process for decomposing sea-salt, which consists in mixing two
|
||
parts of the former with one of the latter, moistening and leaving them
|
||
together for about twenty-four hours. The product is then washed,
|
||
filtered, and evaporated, by which soda is obtained. A white substance is
|
||
now left undissolved; it is a compound of muriatic acid and lead, which,
|
||
when heated, changes its colour, and forms Turner's yellow; a very
|
||
beautiful colour, much in use among coach-painters.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
296. TO PAINT IN IMITATION OF BLACK WALNUT
|
||
Wash the surface of the wood with weak alum-water, after being well
|
||
sand-pappered; then go over it with linseed oil, coloured with murat amber
|
||
and red lead. It is better to have this colour rather light, and renew the
|
||
application; when this has sufficiently dried, go over the surface with a
|
||
strong sizing of transparent glue, and then use two castors of copal
|
||
varnish. Any good grained pine will bear a very close resemblance to
|
||
walnut, and the surface will be nearly as hard.
|
||
|
||
|
||
NOTE
|
||
For mixing the foregoing paints it is impossible to lay down any
|
||
particular rule as to quantity, as each person mixes them of a shade to
|
||
suit his own taste. They are mixed with oil and a little turpentine, and
|
||
sometimes a little japan is added to assist in drying. When they are not
|
||
mixed in this way the particular mode is mentioned.
|
||
|
||
297. RULES FOR MAKING PICKLES
|
||
Select the best vinegar, for on this will depend the quality of your
|
||
pickles; use glass bottles or stone jars for your pickles, never use
|
||
earthenware glazed; use wooden knives and forks in making; leave the jars
|
||
three-fourths full of the articles to be pickled; then fill the jar or
|
||
bottle with vinegar. If you add alum at all let it be very little; look
|
||
your pickles over occasionally and remove any that may not be doing well.
|
||
Small cucumbers, beans, green plums, tomatoes, onions, and radish pods,
|
||
may be used for assorted pickles; one red pepper for forty or fifty
|
||
cucumbers is sufficient; if the vinegar on pickles becomes white or weak,
|
||
take it out and scald and skim it, then return it to the pickles.
|
||
|
||
298. ASPARAGUS PICKLED
|
||
Cut and wash the heads of the largest asparagus; place them in cold water
|
||
for two hours; scald carefully in salt and water, then lay on a cloth
|
||
until cool; make a pickle of salt and vinegar and boil it; to one gallon
|
||
of pickles put a quarter of an ounce of mace, two nutmegs, a quarter of an
|
||
ounce of whole pepper, and pour your pickle hot over them, cover tight
|
||
with a cloth, and let stand a week, then boil the pickle, and let stand a
|
||
week again, and boil again, when cold, cover closely.
|
||
|
||
299. BEANS AND FRENCH BEANS PICKLED
|
||
Lay them in salt and water for nine days; then add a little vinegar and
|
||
boil them in the liquor; when they become green strain them, wipe them
|
||
dry, and put the beans into the jar; boil some vinegar, ginger, mace,
|
||
pepper, cloves, and mustard seed, all bruised, and while hot pour it on
|
||
the beans; cover them close when cold.
|
||
|
||
300. TO PICKLE RED CABBAGE
|
||
Take the quarter of a purple head of cabbage, cut out the stalk, then
|
||
slice it down endways, put them on a drying sieve, sprinkle each layer of
|
||
cabbage with salt, which let lay and drain for two or three days, then put
|
||
into a jar, boil some vinegar with spice tied up in a muslin bag, cut a
|
||
beet root of good colour into slices; the branches of cauliflower cut off
|
||
after it has lain in salt will look and be of a beautiful red; put it into
|
||
a stone jar and pour boiling vinegar over it.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
301. TO PICKLE CUCUMBERS
|
||
Lay them upon dishes, sprinkle salt over them, let them lie a week, drain
|
||
then off, and put them into stone jars, pour boiling vinegar over them,
|
||
place them near fire, cover them well with vine leaves, and if not a good
|
||
green pour off the vinegar and boil it again; cover them with fresh vine
|
||
leaves and continue doing so until they are a good colour; as, to make a
|
||
better green, you must use a mettle stew pan or brass kettles, which are
|
||
very poisonous; use wooden spoons with holes to dish all pickles, keeping
|
||
them always well covered and free from air.
|
||
|
||
302. TO PICKLE ONIONS
|
||
Peel the onions till they look white, boil some strong salt and water and
|
||
pour it over them; let them stand in this twenty-four hours; keep the
|
||
vessel closely covered to retain the steam; after this wipe the onions
|
||
quite dry, and when they are cold pour boiling vinegar, with ginger and
|
||
white pepper over them; the vinegar must cover the onions.
|
||
|
||
303. TO PICKLE MUSHROOMS
|
||
These are pickled in salt water and brandy, but they are of little
|
||
advantage.
|
||
|
||
304. RAILROAD SYSTEM OF HORSE TRAINING
|
||
This excellent and very simple method of horse training is nearly all
|
||
accomplished by what is called the persuader or bit; which is made as
|
||
follows: take a piece of strong rope eight or ten feet long and a quarter
|
||
of an inch thick, then part the horse's mane in the centre, turning one
|
||
half towards the ears, and the other towards the back of the horse; next
|
||
tie the rope by one end in a hard knot that will not slip - not too
|
||
tightly - round the horse's neck in the place at which the mane is
|
||
divided, having the knot on the right side of the neck; then pass the
|
||
loose end of the rope forwards, along the right side of the neck, into the
|
||
horse's mouth and back along the left side of the neck to that part of the
|
||
rope which surrounds the horse's neck, and underneath which it is passed;
|
||
than take the loose end of the rope in your hand, and you have the
|
||
persuader or bit completed. By pulling on the end which you now hold, you
|
||
draw his mouth up towards his throat, and can thereby inflict the most
|
||
excruciating torture that is possible for a horse to undergo, and the
|
||
beauty of it is, without the least injury to the animal. One pull on this
|
||
persuader is more dreaded by the horse than a whole day's flogging with
|
||
raw-hide. In fact he cannot stand it; no matter how ugly his tricks may
|
||
be, such as kicking, balking or anything else, if you use the persuader on
|
||
him at the time, you can conquer him at once; make him as meek as a lamb,
|
||
and glad to do anything to escape the torture inflicted by the persuader.
|
||
A few times is all you will have to use it, even on the most sulky animal,
|
||
until you will see no more of his tricks, and he is completely conquered.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
305. TO HALTER WILD COLTS
|
||
How to approach and halter the wildest colt of any age without danger, and
|
||
lead him quietly, is as follows: choose a large floor, that of a
|
||
wagonhouse answers well, strew it over with straw two or three inches
|
||
deep, turn your colt into it, follow him in with a good whip, shut the
|
||
door, and he will clear to the furthest corner, follow him, and whip him
|
||
well on the hips, he will clear to another corner, follow him, treat him
|
||
in the same manner, and he will soon begin to turn his head towards you,
|
||
then stop and bid him come to you, if he does not come, lay on the whip
|
||
again, being always careful not to touch him about the head or shoulders,
|
||
but always about the hips, in a short time he will come to you when you
|
||
bid him, then rub his ears, nose, neck, chest, &c., and pet him all you
|
||
can; halter and lead him about the floor; it at any time he clears from
|
||
you, pay the whip well on his hips until he comes to you again; after a
|
||
little use him the same way in a small yard, and after this you can do as
|
||
you like with him in any place.
|
||
|
||
306. HORSES WITH TENDER EARS
|
||
How to make a horse, that is afraid of his head or ears, easy to bridle or
|
||
halter, is as follows: - if your horse is very fractious and wild, you
|
||
will need to treat him according to receipt No.305, first: at all events
|
||
you will want the floor well covered with straw, then raise the left fore
|
||
leg and strap it so that your horse will stand on three legs, then tie a
|
||
strap just above his right fore foot, and standing on the left side of the
|
||
horse, holding the strap in your hand, chirp to him, and the moment he
|
||
attempts to move forwards, he is on his knees; you may then fasten the
|
||
strap to that on the left leg, or hold it in your hand, as you please;
|
||
then after the horse gets done struggling and working, rub his nose and
|
||
ears gently, and put the halter on and take it off repeatedly, to show him
|
||
that it may be done without hurting him, and in a short time he will not
|
||
mind the halter or bridle.
|
||
|
||
307. HOW TO CONTROL A VICIOUS HORSE
|
||
How to acquire the most perfect control over the most vicious and wildest
|
||
horse, in a short time, without the use of drugs or charms, is by going
|
||
according to receipts No.305 and No.306, and sometimes you may have to use
|
||
the persuader.
|
||
|
||
308. TO BREAK A WILD COLT
|
||
How to break the wildest colt in a short time, so that a boy of 14 years
|
||
old can ride or handle him in perfect safety. This is done by means of the
|
||
persuader receipts No.305 and No.306, and if the boy is to ride him, after
|
||
the horse is on his knees, as directed in receipt No.306, and the horse is
|
||
tired out by struggling, then let somebody get on his back, sit there for
|
||
a while, then move on to his shoulders, and back unto his hips, and so
|
||
work round the horse until he does not mind it, and has no fear from it.
|
||
When he has a few lessons like this, any lad may ride him in safety.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
309. TO MAKE A STALLION LIE DOWN
|
||
How to make the worst stallion lie down and allow you to perform any
|
||
surgical operation on him that you wish, without the assistance of any
|
||
one. If the horse is very ugly, you may need to follow, first, receipt
|
||
No.305, and perhaps, use the persuader, but it is principally done by
|
||
receipt No.306, with this addition: when you have the horse on his knees,
|
||
you standing on his left side, and holding the strap which is attached to
|
||
his right fore foot in your hand, as taught in receipt No.306, then put a
|
||
headstall on him, and to its ring on the left side of his mouth, tie
|
||
firmly a stick about an inch and a half thick, which, let run up on the
|
||
left side of his neck, to the top of his shoulders, then tie the strap,
|
||
which is attached to the right foot, to this pole; now pull the horse over
|
||
on his left side, and you have him powerless, his fore feet are drawn up,
|
||
and on account of the pole he cannot raise his head, so that you have
|
||
perfect control over him to do as you please.
|
||
|
||
310. PULLING AT THE HALTER
|
||
To break a horse from pulling at the halter. This is done by means of the
|
||
persuader; if he pulls once on this, he will never try it again.
|
||
|
||
311. WILD STALLIONS
|
||
How to break the wildest stallion in a short time, so that a boy can lead
|
||
him in perfect safety. This is done by putting the horse through a regular
|
||
course of training, according to receipts No.305 and No.306, and the use
|
||
of the persuader.
|
||
|
||
312. BALKY HORSES
|
||
How to make the worst of balky horses pull true. Whenever your horse
|
||
balks, if you there and then, openly and publicly make use of the
|
||
persuader, and jerk him well with it, he will be glad to go, and in a
|
||
short time you will have to use it no more; but as long as this system is
|
||
kept secret, and when a horse balks, you do not then use the persuader,
|
||
you will never break the horse from balking.
|
||
|
||
313. SHOEING HORSES
|
||
How to make a horse stand to be shod. This is accomplished by having the
|
||
persuader fitted on, and whenever the horse makes an attempt to be ugly,
|
||
pull on the persuader, and he will very soon be glad to stand as quiet as
|
||
a lamb.
|
||
|
||
314. "WHOA"
|
||
How to make a horse understand the word "whoa" so perfectly, that he will
|
||
always stop when spoken to, no matter what may occur to frighten him. This
|
||
is done by having the persuader fitted on, and whenever you sat "whoa", in
|
||
a loud and stern tone of voice, pull on the persuader, and it is
|
||
impossible for a horse to fear or dread anything else as much as this, he
|
||
will stop instantly, no matter what may occur to frighten him.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
315. THROWING
|
||
How to break a horse off the habit of throwing his rider. This is
|
||
accomplished by means of the persuader, and receipt No.308.
|
||
|
||
316. SCARING
|
||
How to break a horse off scaring at umbrellas or buffalo robes, so that
|
||
you may toss them at him without disturbing him. To accomplish this you
|
||
want to get the horse on his knees, according to receipt No.306; then
|
||
bring your robes and umbrellas near him, let him smell them, toss them at
|
||
him, and throw them over his head carefully, and so continue to work,
|
||
showing him that they do not harm him, until all fear of them is lost.
|
||
|
||
317. KICKING HORSES
|
||
How to break the worst class of kicking horses. To accomplish this, you
|
||
will want to put the horse through a regular course of training, according
|
||
to this system, until you have him well conquered; then keep the persuader
|
||
on, and if he should ever attempt to kick, at that moment jerk well on the
|
||
persuader, and he will think of everything but kicking; when he attempts
|
||
it a few times, and you check him in this manner, he will quit it
|
||
altogether.
|
||
|
||
318. TO BIT A HORSE
|
||
How to bit a horse more perfectly, in ten minutes, at a cost of ten cents,
|
||
that can be done with any other bit and rig, at a cost of five to ten
|
||
dollars. This bit is what is called the persuader, and it is the best bit
|
||
that ever was used for bitting colts. It puts a most beautiful curve in
|
||
the neck, and leaves the colt at ease while wearing it. When it is used
|
||
for this purpose, the end that you hold in your hand in other cases, is
|
||
now to be tied to that part of the persuader which surrounds the neck of
|
||
the horse or colt.
|
||
|
||
319. JOCKEY TRICKS - TO PRODUCE FOUNDER
|
||
How to make a horse appear as if he was badly foundered in one night's
|
||
time. Take a fine wire, or any substitute, and fasten it tightly round the
|
||
castor tit, the back side of the pasture joint at night; smooth the hair
|
||
down nicely over it, and by morning he will walk as stiff as any foundered
|
||
horse.
|
||
|
||
320. FOOD AND STARVATION
|
||
How to make a horse stand by his food and starve to death. Grease the
|
||
front teeth and roof of the mouth with common beef-tallow, and he will not
|
||
eat until you wash it out; this, in conjunction with the above, will
|
||
consummate a complete founder.
|
||
|
||
321. GLANDERS
|
||
How to make a horse appear as if he had the glanders, in one night's time.
|
||
This is done by melting fresh butter and pouring it into his ears, not too
|
||
hot.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
322. BALKING
|
||
How to make a true pulling horse balk. Take tincture of cantharides 1 oz.,
|
||
and corrosive sublimate 1 drachm; mix and bathe his shoulders at night.
|
||
|
||
323. TO COVER UP HEAVES
|
||
How to cover up the heaves so effectually, that you may work, ride, or run
|
||
him, and they cannot be detected. This will last from twelve to
|
||
twenty-four hours, long enough to trade off. Drench the horse with
|
||
one-fourth pound of common bird shot, and he will not heave until they
|
||
pass through him.
|
||
|
||
324. THE COUNTENANCE
|
||
How to put a young countenance on a horse. Make a small incision near the
|
||
sunk place over the eye, insert the point of a blow-pipe or goose-quill,
|
||
and blow it up; close the external wound with thread, and it is done.
|
||
|
||
325. THE CRIB
|
||
How to cure a horse of the crib, or sucking wind; saw between the upper
|
||
front teeth.
|
||
|
||
326 QUESTIONS
|
||
To teach a horse to answer questions. This is done by pricking him with a
|
||
pin; for instance, you may say to the horse, is your name Tom ? and at
|
||
that moment prick him with a pin so that he will squeal; then ask him is
|
||
your name Sam ? don't prick him and he will not squeal. Then say again is
|
||
your name Tom, prick him again, and he will squeal; so continue, and after
|
||
a time he will squeal without being pricked when you ask him the first
|
||
question, &c.
|
||
|
||
327. TO NERVE A HORSE
|
||
How to nerve a horse that is lame. Make a small incision about half way
|
||
from the knee to the joint on the outside of the leg, and at the back part
|
||
of the shin bone; you will find a small white tendon or cord; cut it off
|
||
and close the external wound with a stick, and he will walk off on the
|
||
hardest pavement, and not lame a particle.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
328. A HORSE'S AGE
|
||
The following rules will enable any man to ascertain with tolerable
|
||
certainty the age of any horse. Every horse has six teeth above and six
|
||
below; before he arrives at the age of three he sheds his two middle teeth
|
||
by the young teeth rising and shoving the old ones out of their place.
|
||
When he arrives at the age of three, he sheds one more on each side of the
|
||
middle teeth; when four years old he sheds two corner and the last of his
|
||
fore teeth; between four and five he cuts his under tusks, and when five
|
||
will cut his upper tusks, and have a mouth full and complete, and the
|
||
teeth will have hollows of a very dark brown colour. At six years old the
|
||
grooves and hollows in a horse's mouth will begin to fill up a little and
|
||
their tusks have their full growth, with their points sharp, and a little
|
||
concave. At seven years old the grooves and hollows will be pretty well
|
||
filled below. At eight the whole of the hollows and groves are filled up,
|
||
and you see the appearance of what is termed smooth below. At nine years
|
||
old, the point of the tusk is worn off, and the part that was concave
|
||
begins to fill up and become rounded. Between nine and ten years of age a
|
||
horse generally looses the marks of the mouth. After nine years old a
|
||
wrinkle comes on the eyelid at the upper corner of the lower lid, and
|
||
every year thereafter he has one well defined wrinkle for each year over
|
||
nine. If, for instance, a horse has three wrinkles, he is twelve; if four,
|
||
he is thirteen, &c.
|
||
|
||
329. HEAD, NECK OR LUNGS
|
||
How to tell by looking at a horse whether there is any thing the matter
|
||
with his head, neck or lungs. A knowledge of this is as useful as it is
|
||
simple. If there is nothing the matter with the head, neck or lungs of a
|
||
horse, the nostrils will have a clean, healthy, and bright appearance, but
|
||
if there is, they have always a dirty, muddy, or in some way an unhealthy
|
||
appearance.
|
||
|
||
330. PROF. MANDIE'S HORSE TAMING
|
||
Take finely grated horse caster, or the warty excrescence from the horse's
|
||
leg, oils of rhodium, and cumin, keep these in separate bottles well
|
||
corked; put some of the oil of cumin on your hand and approach the horse
|
||
on the windy side that he may smell it; he will then move towards you,
|
||
then rub some of the cumin on his nose; give him a little of the castor on
|
||
sugar, salt, or any thing he likes, and get 8 or 10 drops of the oil of
|
||
rhodium on the point of his tongue; you can then get him to do any thing
|
||
you please. Follow up your advantage by all the kindness and attention
|
||
possible towards the animal, and your control is certain. This is only fit
|
||
for nervous horses; but the railroad system is certain. In all kinds of
|
||
ugly horses it is the best of methods.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
331. BOTTS IN HORSES
|
||
This may be relied on as a certain and safe remedy for botts in horses.
|
||
When the horse is attacked, pound some common glass very fine, sift it
|
||
through a fine piece of muslin, take a tablespoonful, put it inside a ball
|
||
of dough, (not mixed with the dough,) then put it down the horse's throat,
|
||
and in from two to five minutes the horse will get up and feel and will be
|
||
well. The moment the glass touches the botts though they may have eaten
|
||
their way into the coats of the stomach, so that but a small portion is
|
||
exposed, they will let go their hold, will pucker up and be driven off by
|
||
the bowels. This remedy is perfectly safe, and is the only certain cure
|
||
for botts under the sun. Try it.
|
||
|
||
332. RING BONE AND SPAVIN
|
||
Take of sweet oil, 4 oz.; spirits of turpentine, 2 ozs.; oil if stone, 1/2
|
||
oz. Mix and apply three times a day. If the horse is over four years old,
|
||
or in any case where there is not sufficient, in addition to it, you will
|
||
fit a bar of lead just above it, wiring the ends together, so it
|
||
constantly wears upon the enlargement, and the two together, will cure
|
||
nine cases out of every ten in six weeks.
|
||
|
||
333. POLL EVIL AND FISTULA
|
||
Take 1 lb. common potash dissolved in 1/2 pint of water. Add 1/2 oz.
|
||
extract of belladona and 1 oz. gum-arabic dissolved in a little water;
|
||
work all into a paste with wheat flour, and box or bottle up tight. In
|
||
applying this, the place should be well cleansed with soap-suds, (castile
|
||
soap is best) then tallow should be applied all around by the paste
|
||
dissolving and running over it. Now this paste must be pressed to the
|
||
bottom of all the orifices; if very deep it must be made sufficiently thin
|
||
to inject by means of a small syringe, and repeated once in two days,
|
||
until the callous pipes, and hard fibrous base around the poll evil, or
|
||
fistula, is completely destroyed. Sometimes one application has cured
|
||
cases of this kind, but it will generally require two or three. If the
|
||
horse cannot be kept up, you will put a piece of oiled cloth over the
|
||
place. The advantage of this caustic over all others is that less pain and
|
||
inflammation is induced. The sores may be cured by the following or
|
||
Sloan's ointment: ceder oil is to be applied to the tendons, to prevent
|
||
them stiffening, in pole evil, or other cases.
|
||
|
||
334. DeGRAY, OR SLOAN'S HORSE OINTMENT
|
||
Take of rosin 4 oz., lard 8 oz., honey 2 oz., mix and melt slowly, gently
|
||
bring it to a boil, and as it begins to boil slowly, add a little less
|
||
than a pint of spirits of turpentine, stirring all the time it is being
|
||
added, then remove from the stove, and stir till cool. This is an
|
||
extraordinary ointment for bruses in flesh or hoof, broken knees, galled
|
||
backs, bites, cracked heels, &c. or when a hoirse is gelded, to heal and
|
||
keep away flies.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
335. NERVE AND BONE LINIMENT
|
||
Take of beef's gall 1 quart, alcohol 1 pint, volatile liniment 1 lb.,
|
||
spirits of turpentine 1 lb., oil of origanum 4 oz., aqua ammonia 4 oz.,
|
||
tincture of cayenne 1/2 pint, oil of amber 3 oz., tincture of spanish fly
|
||
6 oz., mix and shake well. Uses too well known to need description.
|
||
|
||
336. TO CURE FOUNDERS IN 24 HOURS
|
||
Boil or steam oat straw for half an hour, then wrap it round the horses
|
||
legs while quite hot, cover up with wet woollen rags to keep in the steam:
|
||
in six hours renew the application. Take 1 gallon of blood from the neck
|
||
vein, and give a quart of linseed oil. He may be worked next day.
|
||
|
||
337. TO CURE COLIC IN TEN MINUTES
|
||
Bleed freely at the horse's mouth, and take 1 oz. of oil of juniper, 1 oz.
|
||
of laudanum, and 2 ozs. of sweet spirits of nitre. Mix in a pint of gruel,
|
||
and drench him with it.
|
||
|
||
338. GARGLING OIL
|
||
Take of tanner's oil 1 quart, oil of vitriol 2 oz., spirits of turpentine
|
||
1 oz. Mix all together, leave the bottles open till it stops working, then
|
||
it is ready for use.
|
||
|
||
339. MERCHANT'S GARGLING OIL
|
||
Take of linseed oil 2 1/2 galls., spirits of turpentine 2 1/2 galls.,
|
||
western petroleum 1 gall., liquor potass 8 oz., sap green 1 oz., mix all
|
||
together, and it is ready for use.
|
||
|
||
340. PURGING BALLS
|
||
Take of aloes, 3 oz.; anise seed, 3 oz.; pulverise and mix with castile
|
||
soap. This makes one ball for a horse.
|
||
|
||
341. URINE BALLS
|
||
Take of white resin, 1/2 lb.; castile soap, 1/2 lb.; venice turpentine,
|
||
1/2 pint; mix well together; make the balls the size of butternuts. Give
|
||
the horse three the first day, two the second day, and one the third day.
|
||
|
||
342. FOR THE HEAVES
|
||
Give the horse 1/2 drachm of nitric acid, in a pint of sweet milk. Repeat
|
||
once in two days, once in three days, and once in four days. This receipt
|
||
is highly prized, and is good; but the best remedy for heaves is so simple
|
||
that scarcely any one will try it; it is to take fresh sumack tops, break
|
||
two or three bunches of them up in the horse's feed, three times a day.
|
||
This will actually cure the heaves unless, they are very bad.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
343 INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS
|
||
The symptoms of inflammation of the lungs in the horse is as follows: - it
|
||
is usually ushered in by a shivering fit, the horse is cold all over,
|
||
reaction soon takes place, the body becomes warmer, and the extremities
|
||
extremely cold. The breathing is quick, he refuses to lie down. If when
|
||
wearied out, he lies down, it is but for a moment.
|
||
Treatment - This may be commenced by a good bleeding, which is to be
|
||
followed by a drachm of emetic tartar, and three drachms of nitre, every
|
||
eight hours, rubbing the extremities, and giving bran-mashes; throw warm
|
||
blankets over the animal, hanging down to the floor, and place vessels of
|
||
hot water in which put hot stones or bricks, and sweat freely, also, give
|
||
one scruple of opium, and two of calomel, twice a day. The sides of the
|
||
chest may be thoroughly blistered. This is the proper treatment.
|
||
|
||
344. STOMACH AND BOWELS
|
||
Inflammation of the stomach and bowels in the horse, resembles colic in
|
||
its symptoms, except in colic the pains pass off at times, and return
|
||
again, whereas in inflammation, the pain is constant, and the animal is
|
||
never easy; after a time the eye acquires a wild haggard, unnatural stare,
|
||
and the pupil, or dark spot in the eye, dilates.
|
||
Treatment - Take away, at once, six or eight quarts of blood, and repeat
|
||
the bleeding if the pain returns. Follow the bleeding by one scruple of
|
||
opium, and two of calomel, twice a day; also blister the sides of the
|
||
chest; give him bran mash and purging balls, (Receipt No. 340).
|
||
|
||
345. INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEYS
|
||
The principal symptoms of inflammation of the kidneys in the horse, is,
|
||
pressure on the loins elicit symptoms of pain, the breathing is hurried,
|
||
there is a constant desire to void urine, although passed in small
|
||
quantities, highly coloured, and sometimes tinged with blood.
|
||
Treatment - This is blood letting, active purging, mustard poultices as
|
||
near the kidneys as possible, and the horse warmly clothed, &c., as in
|
||
other inflammations.
|
||
|
||
346. CONDITION POWDERS
|
||
Take of flax-seed meal 2 lbs., finygreek meal 2 lbs., liver antimony 1/2
|
||
lb., and nitre 1/2 lb., mix well; give a tablespoon for three days and
|
||
omit three days, &c.
|
||
|
||
347. FOR BONE SPAVIN
|
||
Take of cantharides 2 oz., strong mercurial ointment 4 oz., oil of
|
||
turpentine 4 oz., iodine 3 oz., mix all with a sufficiency of lard to make
|
||
a thin ointment; apply to the spavin only once a day until it bursts; then
|
||
oil it with sweet oil until healed. If the bunch is not then removed,
|
||
apply it again, and again if necessary, which is seldom the case.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
348. TO MAKE A HORSE FOLLOW YOU
|
||
The horse is treated in the same manner as mentioned in the receipt NO.
|
||
305, always being careful to whip him on the hips. When he will follow you
|
||
round the barn floor, then treat him in the same manner in a yard, and
|
||
when he follows you here, he will any place.
|
||
|
||
349. COLTS CHEWING HALTERS
|
||
Take scab from the wart on the inside of the leg, rub the halter
|
||
thoroughly with it, and they will not be found chewing their halters very
|
||
soon.
|
||
|
||
350 A. HORSES JUMPING FENCES
|
||
Pass a small and strong cord around his body just behind his shoulders,
|
||
and tie the halter to this cord between his forelegs, so as to leave the
|
||
distance about two feet from the cord to his head; if then he attempts to
|
||
jump, he is compelled to throw his head forward, which draws hard on the
|
||
cord, and causes it to cut into his back, and he instantly desists. The
|
||
cord should not be more than a quarter of an inch in diameter.
|
||
|
||
350 B. BLAZE OR STAR
|
||
When we have a pair of horses that match well in every respect, except
|
||
that one has a blaze or star on the face, it becomes very interesting and
|
||
important to know how to make their faces match. Take a piece of oznaburgs
|
||
the size you want the star or blaze; spread it with warm pitch and apply
|
||
it to the horses face; let it remain two or three days, by which time it
|
||
will bring off the hair clean, and make the part a little tender; then
|
||
take of elixor vitriol a small quantity, anoint the part two or three
|
||
times; or, take of a very common weed called asmart, a small handfull,
|
||
bruise it, and add to it about a gill of water, use it as a wash until the
|
||
face gets well, when the hair will grow out entirely white.
|
||
|
||
351. BLACK SPOTS
|
||
To spot a white horse with black spots, take litharge 3 oz., quick lime 6
|
||
oz., beat fine and mix together; put it into a pan and pour a sharp ley
|
||
over it; then boil it and you will have a fat substance swim on top, with
|
||
which anoint the horse in such places as you design to have black, and it
|
||
will turn to the colour immediately.
|
||
|
||
352. INFLUENZA OR HORSE-AIL
|
||
The first symptom is debility. The horse appears dumpish, refuses to eat,
|
||
mouth hot, in six or twelve hours the appetite diminishes, legs and
|
||
eyelids swell. This disease may end in chronic cough, a bad discharge from
|
||
the nose, and in inveterate cases in glanders.
|
||
Treatment - Keep the horse on light food, as mashes, scalded shorts, green
|
||
grass, &c., and if he is very plethoric, he should be half starved and
|
||
bled from the mouth. If the throat is sore, rub it with warm vinegar and
|
||
salt, or blister; walk him a little for exercise, administer the
|
||
following: oil of croton, 5 drops; nitrate of potassa 4 to 6 drachms;
|
||
potassio-tartrate of antimony, 1 drachm; spirit of nitric ether, 4 drachms
|
||
to 1 oz; solution of acetate of ammonia 2 to 4 ozs.; and warm water
|
||
sufficient to make a draught; and when the head is much affected, add a
|
||
drachm of camphor. This draught may be administered once and sometimes
|
||
twice a day, the croton oil being omitted after the first dose; after the
|
||
first day, 2 drachms of powdered gentian may be added.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
353. STRANGLES OR HORSE DISTEMPER
|
||
Symptoms - A discharge from the nostrils, with a swelling under the
|
||
throat, a disinclination to eat. Thirst, but after a gulp or two the horse
|
||
ceases to drink. In attempting to swallow, a convulsive cough comes on;
|
||
mouth hot and tongue coated with a white fur. The tumor under the jaw soon
|
||
fills the whole space, and is evidently one uniform body, and may thus be
|
||
distinguished from glanders or the enlarged glands of catarrh.
|
||
Treatment - Blister over the tumor at once; when the glands remain hard
|
||
and do not suppurate, it may lead to glanders, in which case rub it with
|
||
iodine ointment, and give internally, hydriodate of potash in daily doses
|
||
of 10 to 40 grains, combined with gentian and ginger. As soon as the
|
||
swelling is fit, lance it freely and apply a linseed poultice; give bran
|
||
mashes, fresh grass, &c.
|
||
|
||
354. STAGGERS
|
||
Symptoms - Giddiness, he may fall down, or suddenly turn several times
|
||
round first; he may be quiet, or struggle violently.
|
||
Treatment - If the horse be full and well fed, take 3 or 4 quarts of blood
|
||
at once; cease using him for a time, and give him an occasional physic
|
||
ball or powdered aloes 6 drachms and a little in honey.
|
||
|
||
355. GREEN OINTMENT
|
||
Take of lard, 6 lbs., put into a ten gallon kettle; add 2 gallons of
|
||
water; cut jimpson seeds and fill them in, and cook from 4 to 6 hours
|
||
slowly, till all the water is gone; then put into jars, and add to each
|
||
pound of ointment one ounce of turpentine. Good for galls, cuts,
|
||
scratches, &c.
|
||
|
||
356. HOOF EVIL OR THRUSH GREASE HEELS
|
||
Bleed and physic, and poultice the feet with boiled turnips and some
|
||
finely ground charcoal at night, for two or three nights; then wash the
|
||
feet clean with castile soap and soft water, and apply the blue ointment
|
||
every day; keep the horse on a floor and he will be well in 12 days.
|
||
|
||
357. BLUE OINTMENT
|
||
Take the ointment of rosin, 4 ozs; finely ground verdigris, 1/2 oz;
|
||
turpentine, 2 oz; mutton tallow, 2 lbs; oil of origanum, 1/2 oz; tincture
|
||
of iodine, 1/2 oz. Mix all together. This is one of the best medicines
|
||
that can be made for scratches, hoof-evil, and cuts, and is good to apply
|
||
on fistula after the rowels have been taken out. It is as good for human
|
||
as horse flesh.
|
||
|
||
358. HOOF BOUND OR TENDER FEET
|
||
Never have the feet spread at the heels, nor rasped about the nail holes;
|
||
use the liquid, and apply it according to directions. For hoof bound or
|
||
tender feet, apply it all around the top of the hoof down one inch every
|
||
day. First have a stiff shoe on the foot, and cleanse the cut or cork.
|
||
Never cut or burn for it.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
359. HOOF LIQUID
|
||
Take of linseed or neatsfoot oil, 1/2 a pint; turpentine, 4 oz; oil of
|
||
tar, 6 oz; origanum, 3 oz; mix and shake well together.
|
||
|
||
360. HOOF AIL
|
||
Apply blue vitriol, and put on a tarred rag to keep out the dirt.
|
||
|
||
361. BIG, OR MILK LEG
|
||
Apply the liquid blister every there hours until it blisters; then in six
|
||
hours grease with soft oil of any kind; then in eight days wash the part
|
||
clean, and apply it again. Repeat it there or four times, then use the
|
||
iodine ointment. If this does not remove it all, apply the ringbone and
|
||
spavin medicine, this will remove it all.
|
||
|
||
362. IODINE OINTMENT
|
||
Get 1oz. of the grease iodine, put in 1 pint of alcohol; let this stand in
|
||
the sun two days, and you have the tincture of iodine. Take 2oz. of the
|
||
tincture and 1/2lb. of lard; mix well, and you have the iodine ointment.
|
||
|
||
363. SPRAIN IN THE STIFLE
|
||
Symptoms - The horse holds up his foot, moans when moved, swells in the
|
||
stifle. This is what is called stifling; there is no such thing as this
|
||
joint getting out of place.
|
||
Treatment - Bleed two gallons, foment the stifle with hot water, rub it
|
||
dry, then bathe it well with the general liniment every morning and night,
|
||
give him mash, and he will soon be well. Never allow any stifle-shoe or
|
||
cord on the foot or leg.
|
||
|
||
364. GENERAL LINIMENT
|
||
Take of turpentine, 1/2 pint; linseed oil, 1/2 pint; aqua-ammonia, 4 oz.;
|
||
tincture of iodine, 1 oz.; shake all well together. This is used for
|
||
different things spoken of in the different receipts, sores or swellings,
|
||
sprains, &c.
|
||
|
||
365. LIQUID BLISTER
|
||
Take of alcohol, 1 pint; turpentine, 1/2 pint; aqua-ammonia, 4 oz.; oil of
|
||
origanum, 1 oz.; mix, apply this as spoken of, every three hours until it
|
||
blisters.
|
||
|
||
366. TO CURE CORNS
|
||
Take of the shoe, cut out the corns, and drop in a few drops of muriatic
|
||
acid, then make the shoes so they will not bear on the part affected.
|
||
Apply the hoof liquid to the hoof to remove the fever. This is a sure cure
|
||
for corns in horses.
|
||
|
||
367. WATER FARCY, OR DROPSY
|
||
This is a swelling along under the chest, and forward to the breast;
|
||
bleed, rowel in the breast and along the swelling, six inches apart, apply
|
||
the general liniment to the swelling, move the rowels every day, let them
|
||
stay in until the swelling goes down. Give soft food, mashes, with the
|
||
cleansing powder in them.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
368. CLEANSING POWDER
|
||
This is to be used when the blood is out of order. It is good to restore
|
||
lost appetite, good for yellow water, whenever it is to be used it is
|
||
spoken of in the receipts. Take of good ginger 1 lb., powdered gentian
|
||
4oz., crude antimony 1/2 oz., mix well together. Give one large spoonful
|
||
every day in wet food. This is perfectly safe.
|
||
|
||
369. POLL EVIL
|
||
Cure before it breaks, run a rowel or seaton from the lower part of the
|
||
top through the centre of the enlargement, then make the following lotion.
|
||
Take of sal-ammoniac 2 oz., spirts of turpentine 1/2 a pint, linseed oil 4
|
||
oz., and spirts of tar 4 oz., shake well, and apply it all over the
|
||
swelling every other day. Let the seaton stay in until all the swelling is
|
||
gone down, move it every day, and when all is gone throw it out. Bleed
|
||
when you first open it, and keep the part clean.
|
||
|
||
370. GLANDERS
|
||
Bleed copiously, put a rowel or seaton of polk root between the jaw and
|
||
breast, put tar thoroughly up the nostrils twice a day. This is the best
|
||
remedy ever in use.
|
||
|
||
371. FRESH WOUNDS
|
||
If there is an artery cut, tie it if possible; if not possible, or if
|
||
there is much bleeding without the separation of an artery, apply the
|
||
following wash: nitrate of silver 4 grains, soft water 1 oz., wet the
|
||
wound with this, then draw the edges together by stitches one inch apart,
|
||
then wash clean, and if any swelling in twenty-four hours, bleed and apply
|
||
the blue ointment, or any of the liniments spoken of, Keep the bowels
|
||
open.
|
||
|
||
372 THE LIVER
|
||
In disease of the liver or yellow water, give the following ball every
|
||
morning until it operates upon the bowels. Take of aloes 7 drachms,
|
||
calomel 1 drachm, ginger 4 drachms, and molassas enough to make it into a
|
||
ball, wrap it in a paper and give it; give scalded bran and oats, grass if
|
||
it can be got; when his bowels have moved, stop the physic, and give 1 oz.
|
||
spirits of camphor in half a pint of water, every morning, for twelve
|
||
days, rowel in the breast, and give a few doses of cleansing powder. Turn
|
||
him out.
|
||
|
||
373. BALLS FOR WORMS IN HORSES
|
||
Take of barbadose aloes 6 drachms, powdered ginger 1 1/2 oz., oil of
|
||
wormwood 20 drops, powdered natron 2 drachms, and molassas to form a ball.
|
||
|
||
374. BALLS FOR HIDE BOUND
|
||
Take of barbadose aloes 1 oz., castile soap 9 drachms, and ginger 6
|
||
drachms. Make into a ball.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
375. HEALING OINTMENT
|
||
Take of lard 5 parts, rosin 1 part, melt them together; when they begin to
|
||
get cool add two parts of calamine powder, stirring well till cool. If the
|
||
wound is unhealthy add a little turpentine.
|
||
|
||
376. GALLS ON HORSES
|
||
Bathe the parts affected with spirits saturated with alum.
|
||
|
||
377. GRUBS IN HORSES
|
||
Take of red precipitate a teaspoonful, form into a ball, repeat if
|
||
necessary in 30 minutes.
|
||
|
||
378. STIFF SHOULDERS OR SWEENEY
|
||
Rowel from the top of the shoulder blade down as far as there is no
|
||
pealing. First cut through the skin, and then two thin fibres or
|
||
strippings, use the blunt needle, move it back and forwards five or six
|
||
inches, draw in a tape or seaton, and the next morning wet it with
|
||
tincture of cantharides, do this every other day, move them every day,
|
||
wash the part clean, let the tape stay in until the matter changes to
|
||
blood, this is for both diseases. Let him run out if possible. He will be
|
||
well in six or eight weeks. If for sweeney you may work him all the time.
|
||
|
||
379. SICK STOMACH IN HORSES
|
||
Bleed half a gallon, then if he will eat a mash give him one, give no hay,
|
||
then give him 1/2 oz. of rhubarb every night until it moves his bowels,
|
||
then take of gentian root 4 oz., fenu-greek 2 oz., nitre 1/2 oz., mix and
|
||
give a large spoonful every day. Do not give him too much to eat when his
|
||
appetite returns.
|
||
|
||
380. LUNG FEVER
|
||
Bleed four gallons from the neck vein, and take 1 oz. of aquanite, add to
|
||
it half a gallon of cold water, drench him with a gill of it every three
|
||
hours, drench him over the lungs, then give him water to drink that hay
|
||
has been boiled in, and to each gallon of it add 1 oz. of gum-arabic, and
|
||
1/2 oz. of spirits of nitre; give this every four hours; foment and rub
|
||
the legs with alcohol and camphor, until they get warm; do not move the
|
||
horse. Keep him in open stall if hot weather.
|
||
|
||
381. EYE WASH FOR HORSES
|
||
Take of sugar of lead, 2 drachms; white vitriol, 1 drachm; and soft water,
|
||
1 quart; mix and dissolve; wash the eyes out well every morning, having
|
||
first washed then well with cold water, continue this for three or four
|
||
weeks; and then, if the eyes are not much better, bleed and give a mild
|
||
physic. The horse should be kept on low diet, and not over heated or
|
||
worked too hard. Scalded shorts or oats are good.
|
||
|
||
382. MANGE AND SURFEIT
|
||
Bleed and physic, then take sulphur, 1/2 lb.; and lard, 2 lbs.; mix well;
|
||
grease the part affected every three or four days; stand the horse in the
|
||
sun until it dries in; give him a few doses of the cleansing powder.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
383. CONTRACTION OF THE NECK
|
||
If it is taken in the first stages, bleed from the neck 2 galls.; then
|
||
ferment or bathe the part well with hot water; rub it dry, and apply the
|
||
general lineament every day, two or three times; this will cure if it is
|
||
of long standing. Then blister all along the part affected with the liquid
|
||
blister. Do this every three weeks until he is well, and rub with the
|
||
white ointment, Do not work the horse till well.
|
||
|
||
384. WHITE OINTMENT
|
||
For rheumatism, sprains, burns, swelling, bruises, or any inflammation on
|
||
man or beast, chapped hands or lips, black eyes, or any kind of bruises.
|
||
Take of fresh butter 2 lbs.; tincture of iodine, 1/2 oz.; oil of origanum,
|
||
2 ozs.; mix well for fifteen minutes, and it is fit for use; apply it
|
||
every night; rub it in well with your hand.
|
||
|
||
385. OLD HORSES YOUNG
|
||
Drops to make old horses as lively as young. Take the tincture of
|
||
assafoetida, 1 oz.; tincture of cantharides, 1 oz.; antimony, 2 oz.;
|
||
fenugreek, 1 oz.; and fourth proof brandy, 1/2 gal.; mix all and let stand
|
||
ten or twelve days; then give ten drops in a pail, or one gallon, of
|
||
water.
|
||
|
||
386. RHEUMATIC LINEAMENT
|
||
Take of alcohol, 1/2 pint; oil of origanum, 1/2 oz.; cayenne pepper, 1/2
|
||
oz.; gum myrrh, 1/2 oz.; and lobelia, 1 teaspoonful; mix and let stand one
|
||
day; then bathe the part affected.
|
||
|
||
387. TO KILL LICE ON CATTLE
|
||
Take of buttermilk, 1 quart; salt, 1/3 pint; mix and dissolve; pour this
|
||
along the back, letting it run down each side; if this should ever fail
|
||
use the water in which potatoes have been boiled, in the same way, it will
|
||
be effectual.
|
||
|
||
388. HORSES FROM FIRE
|
||
The difficulty of getting horses from burning stables is well known. The
|
||
remedy is to blindfold them perfectly, and by gentle usage, they may be
|
||
easily led out. If you like you may also throw the harness upon them.
|
||
|
||
389. SNOW BALLS
|
||
To prevent snow balls on horses' feet clean their hoofs well, and rub with
|
||
soft soap before going out in the snow.
|
||
|
||
390. ROT IN SHEEP
|
||
To prevent and cure this keep them from exposure in bad weather, and above
|
||
all from wet pasture; pair their hoofs into the quick, and put them to
|
||
stand occasionally in quick lime for a few hours. This cauterizes the
|
||
disease and generally affects a cure. To destroy the flukes and worms,
|
||
give the following: take of common salt 8 oz., spirits of turpentine 2
|
||
oz.; put in a quart bottle and add water till filled; give one teaspoonful
|
||
morning and night for eight days.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
391. DISTEMPER IN HOGS
|
||
To cure this take equal parts of sulphur and copperas; pulverise them well
|
||
together, and give one teaspoonful every three days in the slop.
|
||
|
||
392. CURE FOR SWELLED CATTLE
|
||
If the beast affected is full grown, administer one English pint of train
|
||
oil, and smaller doses in proportion to the age. The cure is certain. The
|
||
above medicines from receipt No. 331 are for horses, cattle, &c.
|
||
|
||
393. A TURKISH PREPARATION FOR LADIES
|
||
Take of best white wine vinegar 1 quart; of best brazil wood 1/2 lb.
|
||
Infuse together for four days; then boil for half an hour, strain through
|
||
a linen cloth, and place the liquid again over the fire. Having dissolved
|
||
1/4 lb. of alum in a pint of white wine vinegar, mix both liquids together
|
||
and stir them well. Take the scum that arises on the surface, gradually
|
||
dry and powder it, and it is ready for use.
|
||
|
||
394. MINCE PIE
|
||
This is the manner in which mince pie was prepared for the Prince of Wales
|
||
in New York. The articles of three following receipts were also prepared
|
||
for him in that city; take of moist sugar 1 lb., currants 1 lb., suet well
|
||
mashed 1 lb., apples cut very fine 1 lb., best raisins, stoned and cut
|
||
very small 1/4 lb., the juice of five Seville oranges, the juice of two
|
||
lemons, the rind of one mashed fine, a glass of brandy, and mace and
|
||
nutmeg to suit your taste. Put all together in a pan and tie up closely.
|
||
|
||
395. HONEY CAKE
|
||
Take of loaf sugar 1/2 lb., honey 3/4 lb., of orange peel cut very fine
|
||
1/2 oz., of cinnamon 1/2 oz., ginger 1/2 oz., one quarter of a citron,
|
||
four eggs well beaten, and a pound of sifted flour. First melt the honey
|
||
and sugar together, then mix all. Make into any shape you please.
|
||
|
||
396. SODA BISCUITS
|
||
Take of butter 2 oz., sugar 4 oz., cream tartar 1/4 oz., two eggs; one
|
||
teaspoonful of soda, and a half pint of sweet milk. Stir quite still, &c.
|
||
|
||
397. BEEF STEAK
|
||
Put two large onions, peeled and sliced, into a stew-pan, put in a little
|
||
water, cover closely, set on a slow fire until the water is all gone, then
|
||
add 1/2 a pint of geed broth, and boil till the onions are tender, now
|
||
strain off the broth, chop the onions fine, and season to your taste with
|
||
mushroom catsup, salt and pepper, let it boil for five minutes, with the
|
||
onion in it, then pour it into the dish, and lay a broiled steak over it.
|
||
Good beef gravy is far superior to broth. In broiling your steak use a
|
||
strong fire.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
398. WEDDING CAKE
|
||
Take of flour, 18lbs.; fine sugar, 10 lbs.; butter, 9 lbs.; 11 nutmegs; 18
|
||
eggs; milk, 5 quarts; yeast, 1 quart; fruit, 10 lbs.; mace, 1 oz.; wine 1
|
||
quart; and brandy, 1 pint. Roll the butter and sugar together, then mix
|
||
all the rest with them, putting the fruit in last, just before it is put
|
||
in the oven.
|
||
|
||
399. DOMESTIC YEAST
|
||
Take of good flour, 1 lb.; brown sugar, 1/4 lb.; water, 2 galls.; and a
|
||
little salt. Boil all together for one hour. When milk warm, bottle and
|
||
cork it tightly. It will be fit for use in 24 hours. One pint of this is
|
||
sufficient for 18 lbs. of bread.
|
||
|
||
400. TO PRODUCE MUSHROOMS
|
||
If the water wherein mushrooms have been steeped be poured upon an old
|
||
bed, or if the broken parts of mushrooms be strewed thereon, there will
|
||
speedily arise great numbers.
|
||
|
||
401. HOW TO MAKE CIDER INTO WINE
|
||
Take of good cider, 25 galls.; brandy, 1gall.; crude tartar, 1 lb.; of the
|
||
wine you wish to resemble, 5 galls.; of milk to settle it, 1 pint. Mix all
|
||
together, and let it stand for 24 hours, and then draw off, being careful
|
||
not to draw any of the sediment.
|
||
|
||
402. SUBSTITUTE FOR CREAM
|
||
Take two or there whole eggs, beat them well up in a basin; then pour
|
||
boiling hot tea over them; pour it gradually to prevent curdling. It is
|
||
difficult from the taste to distinguish it from rich cream.
|
||
|
||
403. TO PRESERVE FRESH MEATS
|
||
Meat may be kept for several days in the height of summer sweet and good
|
||
by lightly covering it with bran, and hanging it in some high, or windy
|
||
room, or in a passage where there is a current of air.
|
||
|
||
404. GRAFTING WAX
|
||
Take of tallow one part, beeswax two parts, and resin four parts; melt
|
||
them together and dip strips of rags in the mixture while hot, and use
|
||
them for grafting.
|
||
|
||
405. FOR THE TEETH
|
||
Cuvileer's grand preparation for beautifying the teeth. Take of chloride
|
||
of lime one part, prepared chalk 15 parts, pulverised peruvian bark 1/2 a
|
||
part and a little otto of roses; mix all well together and it is ready for
|
||
use.
|
||
|
||
406. TO MAKE HAIR CURL
|
||
Take of common soap 2 lbs., spirits of wine 3 pints, and potash 3 oz.; cut
|
||
the soap small and melt all together, stirring it with a clean piece of
|
||
wood; then add a quarter of an ounce each of essence of amber, vanilla and
|
||
nevoli, to render the fluid agreeable. Never use curling irons, for they
|
||
destroy the hair, rendering it crisp and harsh. The above may be depended
|
||
on as being genuine and harmless.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
407. TO PRESERVE PORK
|
||
Take 1 lb. of black pepper and grind it fine for one barrel of pork, and
|
||
sprinkle on each layer until is quite brown, then put on the salt. It
|
||
helps to preserve the meat and adds greatly to the smell and flavour of
|
||
it.
|
||
|
||
408. TO RESTORE TAINTED PORK
|
||
In warm weather the brine on pork frequently becomes sour, and the pork
|
||
tainted; pour off the brine, boil it, skim it well, then pour it back
|
||
again upon the meat boiling hot. This will restore it even where it was
|
||
much injured.
|
||
|
||
409. FIRE-PROOF CEMENT
|
||
Fire and water proof cement for roofs of houses. Slack stone lime with
|
||
boiling water in a covered barrel; when slacked pass six quarts through a
|
||
fine sieve; to this add one quart of rock salt, and a gallon of water,
|
||
boil the mixture and skim it clean; to every 5 gallons of this add 1 lb.
|
||
of alum, and 1/2 lb. copperas, and add by degrees, potash 3/4 lb., and
|
||
fine sand or wood ashes sifted 4 quarts; colour to suit your taste and
|
||
apply. It will be as durable as stone.
|
||
|
||
410. BUG POISON
|
||
Take of spirits of wine 1/2 pint, turpentine 1/2 pint, crude sal-ammoniac
|
||
1 oz; mix all together and let it saturate for seven days, and it is ready
|
||
for use.
|
||
|
||
411. DISINFECTING AGENT
|
||
Take of green vitriol 3 lbs., hot water one pailful; dissolve the vitriol
|
||
in the water; place this wherever there is any offensive odours, as that
|
||
of a corpse, cesspool, privies, &c., and in a short time all smell will be
|
||
removed. Try it.
|
||
|
||
412. BOOTH PATENT
|
||
Booth's patent grease for railway axles, waggons, machinery, &c. Take of
|
||
water 1 gallon, clean tallow 3 lbs.; palm oil 6 lbs., and common soda 1/2
|
||
lbs.; or tallow 8 lbs., and palm oil 10 lbs. The mixture is to be heated
|
||
to about 210 degrees, and well stirred till it cools down to about 70
|
||
degrees, when it is ready for use.
|
||
|
||
413. GUM-ARABIC STARCH
|
||
Take 2 oz. of white gum-arabic powdered finely; put it into a pitcher and
|
||
pour on it a pint of boiling water; then cover it and let stand all night;
|
||
in the morning pour it carefully from the dregs into a clean bottle; cork
|
||
and keep it for use. A tablespoonful of this gum water stirred into a pint
|
||
of starch that has been made in the usual manner will give to launs either
|
||
black, white, or printed, the appearance of new, to which nothing else can
|
||
restore them after washing. It is a good article for collars and shirt
|
||
bosoms; also, when much diluted, for thin white muslin and bobbinet.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
414. ROMAN OR MASTIC CEMENT
|
||
Take of pulverised sand stone sifted fine, 20 lbs., litharge 2 lbs., mix
|
||
both well with linseed oil to the consistency of paste; brush both broken
|
||
parts over; press them snugly together, and let them dry, this forms an
|
||
excellent cement.
|
||
|
||
415. PORTABLE BALLS
|
||
For taking stains out of cloths, &c. -Dry fullers' earth so as to crumble
|
||
it into powder, and moisten it well with lemon juice; add a quantity of
|
||
pure pulverised pearl-ash, and work the whole up into a thick paste with a
|
||
little water; roll it into small balls; let them completely dry in the
|
||
sun, and they will be fit for use. The manner of using them is to moisten,
|
||
with water, the spots on the cloth, rubbing the ball over, and leaving it
|
||
to dry in the sun. On washing the spots in the water they will immediately
|
||
disappear.
|
||
|
||
416. CLOTH, RAIN PROOF, &c.
|
||
To render cloth wind and rain proof. Boil together 2 lbs. of turpentine, 1
|
||
lb. of litharge in powder, and 2 or 3 pints of linseed oil. The article is
|
||
then to be brushed over with this varnish, and dried in the sun.
|
||
|
||
417. CHOICE CEMENT
|
||
A choice cement for china, crockery, and glass. Take of white glue 1/2
|
||
lb., dry white lead 1/2 lb., alcohol 1/4 pint, and rain water 1 quart; put
|
||
the glue, alcohol, and water into a tin pan together; let stand until the
|
||
glue is soft; then set the pan into a kettle of hot water, occasionally
|
||
stirring it until the glue is about dissolved; then add the lead, being
|
||
previously powdered, and stir until it is about dissolved. Bottle while
|
||
warm, and it is ready for use. If cold when about to be used, set the
|
||
bottle in warm water until soft; then apply while soft to both edges, set
|
||
together and let then dry.
|
||
|
||
418. MAHOGANY STAIN
|
||
Take of chip logwood 1 lb., sal-soda two pence worth, water 1 gallon, boil
|
||
all together, apply it while hot, to every kind of white wood, using a
|
||
brush or sponge, and it will produce a most beautiful mahogany colour.
|
||
|
||
419. MAHOGANY COLOUR
|
||
Method of darkening every sort of wood. Take soap suds, wash your wood
|
||
with it; every coat you put on will make it a shade darker.
|
||
|
||
420. SATIN WOOD STAIN
|
||
Take of water 1 quart, fustic 2 oz., and the size of a small nut of alum;
|
||
boil all together, apply it while hot, and it will produce a most
|
||
beautiful yellow. When the article to which this has been applied has got
|
||
perfectly dry, rub it over with lime water, and it will make a beautiful
|
||
red.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
421. RED STAIN
|
||
Take of water 1 quart, brazil dust 2 oz., and the size of a nut of alum;
|
||
boil together, apply while hot and the stain is red; when dry, wash it
|
||
over with lime water, and it will be a beautiful purple.
|
||
|
||
422. BROWN STAIN
|
||
Take of water 1 quart, logwood 2 oz., and one penny worth of soft soap,
|
||
(such as is kept in bladders, by druggists), boil them together, apply
|
||
while hot, and it will be brown; let it dry, and apply lime water, and you
|
||
will have a beautiful black.
|
||
|
||
423. SCARLET STAIN
|
||
Take a solution of aqua-fortis in water, apply it to the black, and it
|
||
will produce a beautiful scarlet.
|
||
|
||
424. BRUSH VARNISH
|
||
Take of spirits of wine 1 pint, gum benzion half a pound; dissolve the gum
|
||
in the spirits. It may be laid on with a camel hair brush, or a small
|
||
piece of wool rolled in old cotton.
|
||
|
||
425. TO BORE GLASS
|
||
Fill a vial with turpentine spirits, dissolve in it as much camphor as it
|
||
will take, insert then into this liquid the point of a common diamond
|
||
pointed drill, and with it you can bore glass as fast as you please.
|
||
|
||
426. GERMAN SILVER
|
||
Take of nickle 25 parts, zinc 25 parts, copper 50 parts, melt all
|
||
together, and you have good german silver.
|
||
|
||
427. BRASS
|
||
Brass is made by melting together a little less than two parts of copper,
|
||
and one part of zinc.
|
||
|
||
428. CHEMICAL SOAP
|
||
This is for washing cloths with one-half the labour of that with common
|
||
bar soap. Take 16 lbs. English bar white soap, 3 1/2 lbs. sal-soda, 1 lb.
|
||
pulverized rosin, 8 oz. salt; put these into 5 gallons soft water over a
|
||
fire until dissolved; then put the same into a barrel, and fill it with
|
||
cold water, after which add 2 oz. spirits of turpentine, and stir while
|
||
cooling.
|
||
|
||
429. ENGLISH BAR SOAP
|
||
Take of water 6 gallons, good stone lime 3 lbs., sal-soda 20 lbs., borax 4
|
||
oz., fat 15 lbs., (tallow is best,) pulverized rosin 10 lbs., and 4 oz. of
|
||
beeswax; put the water in a kettle on the fire, and when nearly boiling,
|
||
add the lime and sal-soda; when these are dissolved, add the borax, boil
|
||
gently and stir until this is also dissolved, then add the fat, rosin and
|
||
beeswax, and boil all very gently until it shows flaky on the stick, then
|
||
pour into moulds.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
430. BROWN WINDSOR SOAP
|
||
This is made by colouring the English bar soap with the precipitate of
|
||
iron, Venetian red, or vandyke brown, and scenting while not too hot with
|
||
any of the essential oils, or a mixture of them according to fancy.
|
||
|
||
431. YELLOW SOAP
|
||
This is made in the same way as the English bar soap, except that you add
|
||
three percent of palm oil, deducting the same amount of fat.
|
||
|
||
432. SOLID LARD CANDLES
|
||
Dissolve 1/4 lb. of alum, and 1/4 lb. of saltpetre in 1/2 a pint of water
|
||
on a slow fire; then take 3 lbs. of lard cut into small pieces, and put
|
||
into the pot with this solution, stirring it constantly over a very
|
||
moderate fire until the lard is all dissolved; then let it simmer until
|
||
all steam ceases to rise, and then at once remove it from the fire. If you
|
||
leave it too long it will become discoloured. These candles are harder and
|
||
better than tallow.
|
||
|
||
433. MEDICINES
|
||
The following medicines are for man, while those commencing at receipt No.
|
||
331, and ending at No. 392 are for horses, cattle, &c., unless when stated
|
||
to the contrary.
|
||
|
||
434. FOR DROPSY
|
||
Take of powdered jalap 5 gr., powdered rhubarb 5 gr., powdered scammony 5
|
||
gr., powdered elaterium 1/2 gr., bitartrate of potash 1/2 drm., sulphate
|
||
of potash 1/2 drm., and syrup of ginger sufficient to make into pills; mix
|
||
and divide into five pills. These five pills given at once form an
|
||
excellent hydragogue cathartic to clear the chest, relieve breathing and
|
||
diminish the dropsical effusion.
|
||
|
||
435. ANTIBILIOUS PILLS
|
||
Take of camomel 20 grs., jalap powder 20 grs., tartar-emetic 2 grs., and
|
||
syrup sufficient to form into pills; divide into eight pills. The dose is
|
||
tow at bed time; repeated in the morning if necessary. This forms an
|
||
excellent antibilious pill.
|
||
|
||
436. JAUNDICE
|
||
Take of rhubarb powder 1 scruple, castile soap half a drachm, calomel 12
|
||
grs., mix and divide into pills; two or three to be taken at bed time;
|
||
emetrics, purges, fomentations about the stomach and liver, and exercise
|
||
will seldom fail to cure jaundice when it is a simple disease; and when
|
||
complicated with dropsy, a scirrous liver, or other chronic complaints, it
|
||
is hardly to be cured by any means. Castile soap has been looked upon as a
|
||
kind of specific.
|
||
|
||
437. ASTHMA
|
||
Take of powdered squills 2 drms., powdered assafoetida 1 drachm, mix and
|
||
divide into 30 pills, two to be taken twice or thrice a day. Useful in
|
||
chronic asthma.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
438. DR. DEWEES' ANTI-COLIC MIXTURE
|
||
Take of carbonate of magnesia 1/2 drm., tincture of assafoetida 60 drops,
|
||
tincture of opium 20 drops, white sugar 1 drm., and distilled water 1 oz.;
|
||
mix and shake; twenty-five drops to be given to an infant of two to four
|
||
weeks old, in flatulent colic, diarrhoea, &c.
|
||
|
||
439. DR. HUN'S ANTI-DIARRHOEAL MIXTURE
|
||
Take of oil of cajeput 1 oz., oil of cloves 1 oz., oil of peppermint 1
|
||
oz., oil of anise 1 oz., alcohol 4 oz.; mix and shake; dose, from one to
|
||
two drachms in hot brandy and water or syrup. This will afford the most
|
||
speedy relief in diarrhoea accompanied with pain.
|
||
|
||
440. HOPE'S MIXTURE
|
||
Take of camphor water 4 oz., nitric acid 4 drops, tincture of opium 40 to
|
||
60 drops; mix cork, and shake; dose, a tablespoonful every two hours in
|
||
diarrhoea and dysentery.
|
||
|
||
441. ANTI-CHOLERA MIXTURE
|
||
Take of tincture of opium 1 drm., liquor ammonia 1/2 drm., tincture of the
|
||
oil of peppermint 1/2 drm., ether 25 drops, tincture of camphor 1 drm.,
|
||
tincture of capsicum, 1 drachm; mix, cork and shake. In real cholera give
|
||
this all immediately; if the patient throws it up, repeat at once. This is
|
||
an excellent prescription in extreme cases when the patient is cramped.
|
||
|
||
442. FOR HYSTERIC FITS
|
||
Take of tincture assafoetida 2 drms., aromatic spirits of ammonia 2 drms.,
|
||
camphor water 7 ozs., mix and cork; give two tablespoonsful every three or
|
||
four hours.
|
||
|
||
443. ANTI-ASTHMATIC MIXTURE
|
||
Take of mixture of ammoniacum 4 oz., syrup of squill 3 drms., antimonial
|
||
wine 60 drops, wine 1/2 oz., mix and cork. Give two tablespoonsful often,
|
||
or when either the cough or shortness of breath is troublesome.
|
||
|
||
444. ANTI-RHEUMATIC MIXTURE
|
||
Take of ammoniated tinc. of quack 1/2 oz., honey 1/2 oz., camphor water 6
|
||
oz., mix and cork. Take two tablespoonsful three or four times a day in
|
||
chronic rheumatism; rub well the affected part with anti-rheumatic
|
||
liniment.
|
||
|
||
445. ANTI-RHEUMATIC LINIMENT
|
||
Take of tinc. of opium 2 oz., tine of belladonna 2 oz., powdered camphor 2
|
||
oz., oil of turpentine 2 oz., oil of sassafras 2 oz., oil of origanum 2
|
||
oz., and tinc. of capsicum 1 pint; mix all together.
|
||
|
||
446. DIURETIC MIXTURE
|
||
Take of peppermint water 5 oz., wine 6 drachms, sweet spirits of nitre 1/2
|
||
oz.; mix. Two tablespoonsful to be taken three times a-day in obstruction
|
||
of urinary passages.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
447. SWEATING MIXTURE
|
||
Take of acetated liquor of ammonia 3 oz., ipecacuanha 10 gr., tincture of
|
||
oil of peppermint 15 drops, distilled water 5 oz.; mix. Three
|
||
tablespoonsful to be taken every two hours, until it produces the desired
|
||
effects.
|
||
|
||
448. FOR CRAMP IN THE STOMACH
|
||
Take of ether 2 drms, white sugar 1 1/2 drms., tinc. of opium 60 drops,
|
||
cinnamon water 2 oz.; mix. Give a teaspoonful every hour in cramp of the
|
||
stomach.
|
||
|
||
449. FOR HOOPING COUGH
|
||
Take of tinc. of assafoetida 1 drm, ipecacuanha 10 gr., tinc. of opium 10
|
||
drops, distilled water 2 ozs.; mix. Give to a child two years old a
|
||
teaspoonful every four hours, increasing ten drops for every additional
|
||
year.
|
||
|
||
450. FOR WINTER COUGH, &c
|
||
Take of powered extract of liquorice 2 drms, gum acacia 2 drms, hot water
|
||
4 oz.; mix. Let all dissolve, and add tinc. of opium 40 drops, spirits of
|
||
nitric ether 1 drm., wine of antimony 2 drms. Dose, one tablespoonful in
|
||
catarrh and common winter cough.
|
||
|
||
451. TONIC MIXTURE
|
||
Take of calomba 2 ozs., tine. of muriate of iron 1 1/2 oz., sulphate of
|
||
quinine 20 grs., brandy 6 ozs., water 1 1/2 pint, bruise the calumba and
|
||
pour the water on it boiling hot, cover tightly for two hours, then
|
||
strain, bottle, and add all the other ingredients, when the quinine is
|
||
dissolved it is ready for use. This forms an excellent tonic in cases of
|
||
debility. Dose, one tablespoonful three times a-day half an hour before
|
||
meals.
|
||
|
||
452. ANTI-PERIODIC MIXTURE
|
||
Take of sulphate of quinine 20 grs., sulphuric acid 1 drop, white sugar 1
|
||
drm., cinnamon water 2 1/2,; put the quinine, acid and water into a vial
|
||
together, when dissolved add the sugar. Dose, a teaspoonful every hour,
|
||
between the paroxysms of intermittent fevers, fever and ague, &c.
|
||
|
||
453. EMMENAGOGUE MIXTURE
|
||
Take of tinc. of aloes 1/2 oz., tinc. of chloride of iron 1/2 drm., tinc.
|
||
of valerian 1/2 oz.; mix. Take a teaspoonful in chamomile tea two or three
|
||
times a-day in cases of amenorrhoea.
|
||
|
||
454. ANTI-GOUT MIXTURE
|
||
Take of ammoniated tinc. of guaiac 6 drms., camphor water 6 ozs., tinc. of
|
||
rhubarb 1/2 oz., and honey 1/2 oz.; mix, by rubbing the honey and the
|
||
guaiac up in a glass mortar, and then add the other articles by degrees.
|
||
Give two tablespoonsful every four or six hours, and rub with the
|
||
anti-rheumatic liniment.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
455. ANTI-GONORRHOEAL MIXTURE
|
||
Take of copaibe 1/2 oz., spirts of nitric ether 1/2 oz., powdered acacia 1
|
||
drm., powered white sugar 1 drm., compound spts. of lavender 2 drms.,
|
||
tinc. of opium 1 drm., distilled water 4 oz.; mix. Dose, a tablespoonful
|
||
three times a-day. Shake before using.
|
||
|
||
456. ANOTHER
|
||
Take of copaibe 1 oz., sweet spirits of nitre 1 oz., gum acacia powdered
|
||
white sugar 1 drm., peppermint water 4 oz.; mix, and let all dissolve.
|
||
Dose, a tablespoonful three times a-day. Shake before using.
|
||
|
||
457. ASTRINGENT EYE-WATER
|
||
Take of solution of acetate of lead 12 drops, wine of opium 11 drops, rose
|
||
water 4 ozs.; mix, and let dissolve. This should be applied with a linen
|
||
rag four or five times a-day.
|
||
|
||
458. EYE-WATER
|
||
Take of distilled vinegar 1 oz., diluted spirits of wine 1/2 oz., rose
|
||
water 8 ozs., mix. An excellent application to weak eyes after depletion.
|
||
|
||
459. ALUM EYE-WATER
|
||
Take of rose water 2 ozs., distilled water 2 oz., and alum 1 scruple; mix
|
||
and let dissolve. Excellent in chronic inflamations.
|
||
|
||
460. GARGLE OF BORAX
|
||
Take of borax 1 drm., tinc. of myrrh 1/2 oz., clarified honey 1 oz., rose
|
||
or distilled water, 4 oz.; mix. To be used as a gargle or mouth wash in
|
||
sore mouth or affection of the gums. Omit the myrrh and water, and there
|
||
is nothing better for the thrush in children; clean rain water answers
|
||
about the same purpose, in all cases, as distilled water.
|
||
|
||
461. GARGLE FOR SORE THROAT
|
||
Take of sulphate of quinine 15 grains, sulphate of copper 16 grains,
|
||
aramotic sulphuric acid 1 drm., water 8 ozs.; mix and dissolve. To be used
|
||
frequently in chronic and obstinate sore throats.
|
||
|
||
462. OINTMENT FOR PILES
|
||
Take of lard 1 oz., solution of subacetate of lead 25 drops, tinc. of
|
||
opium 1 drm.; mix well. Anoint the parts twice a day.
|
||
|
||
463. OINTMENT FOR ITCH
|
||
Take of sublimed sulphur 2 ozs., lard 4 ozs., oil of lavender 1 drm. Make
|
||
into an ointment. To be rubbed on the parts affected every night, till the
|
||
eruption disappears. The internal use of sulphur will, in all cases,
|
||
assist its external application.
|
||
|
||
464. BLISTERING OINTMENT
|
||
Take of lard 32 parts, oil of almonds 2 parts, strong liquor of ammonia 17
|
||
parts; melt the lard, add the oil, then the ammonia, must be strong, and
|
||
keep the contents of the bottle well mixed by shaking them until cold.
|
||
This will blister in half an hour.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
465. IODINE OINTMENT
|
||
Take of iodine 3 grs., lard 2 drms.; make into an ointment; applied to
|
||
scrofulous swellings when the skin is unbroken. It is the only cure for
|
||
what is popularly termed thick neck.
|
||
|
||
466. OINTMENT OF IODINE OF ZINC
|
||
Take of iodide of zinc 1 drm., lard 1 oz.; make onto an ointment. A drm.
|
||
to be rubbed on twice a day in tumors.
|
||
|
||
467. OINTMENT FOR CHILBLAINS
|
||
Take of lard 7 1/2 drms., creosote 10 drops, solution of subacetate of
|
||
lead 10 drops, watery extract of opium 1 grain; mix. Apply to the affected
|
||
parts.
|
||
|
||
468. OINTMENT FOR DISEASES OF THE SKIN
|
||
Take of citrine ointment 1 1/2 drm., sublimed sulphur 1 drm., lard 3 ozs.;
|
||
make an ointment. This is a good application for almost all affections of
|
||
the skin.
|
||
|
||
469. EMOLLIENT OINTMENT
|
||
Take of palm oil 2 lbs., olive oil 1 pint, turpentine 4 oz., red beeswax 6
|
||
ozs.; melt the wax in the oils, and then add the turpentine and strain the
|
||
ointment. This is a most excellent application for inflamed parts, &c.
|
||
|
||
470. POKE ROOT OINTMENT
|
||
Take of poke root 3 ozs., lard 1 lb., boil for a quarter of an hour and
|
||
strain. This ointment has quite a reputation in Virginia, with the old
|
||
ladies, for all kinds of old sores and ulcers, and it is an excellent
|
||
application to indolent and purulent ulcers and sores.
|
||
|
||
471. OINTMENT FOR HYDROCEPHALUS
|
||
Take of iodide of mercury 2 parts, iodide of potassium 3 parts, camphor 2
|
||
parts, lard 32 parts; mix and keep well corked. To be rubbed on the head
|
||
in hydrocephalus or water on the brain in doses of half a drachm to a
|
||
drachm.
|
||
|
||
472. LINAMENT FOR BURNS
|
||
Take of olive oil 1 oz., linseed oil 1 oz., lime water 1 oz.; mix well.
|
||
This forms an excellent application for recent scalds and burns
|
||
|
||
473. VOLATILE LINAMENT
|
||
Take of olive oil 1 oz., aqua ammonia 1 oz.; mix. To be applied to bruses,
|
||
rheumatic parts, &c., and to the neck in inflammation of the throat.
|
||
|
||
474. ALKALINE CATAPLASM
|
||
Take of lye, rather weak, warm it and stir in of slippery elm bark or
|
||
flaxseed, or meal sufficient to form a poultice. This is a most excellent
|
||
poultice, and should be used more than it is. It is useful in inflammation
|
||
of the breast and other parts, felons, wounds, fistula, &c.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
475. ANODYNE FOMENTATION
|
||
Take of laudanum 4 ozs., water 1 pint; mix. For painful affections of the
|
||
joints, as chronic rheumatism, &c., hops dipped in hot vinegar will answer
|
||
as well.
|
||
|
||
476. COMMON CLYSTER
|
||
Take of flaxseed tea or cornmeal gruel, from one to two pints, sweet oil 2
|
||
or 3 ounces, common salt one teaspoonful, brown sugar two tablespoonsful;
|
||
mix.
|
||
|
||
477. ANODYNE CLYSTER
|
||
Take of a solution of starch in water, of jelly, or water half a pint,
|
||
laudanum forty drops; mix. The whole to be injected in cases of dysentery,
|
||
violent purging and pain in the bowels.
|
||
|
||
478. INJECTION FOR LEUCORRHOEA
|
||
Take of sulphate of zinc 10 grs., tinc. of opium 1/2 drm., rose water 4
|
||
oz.; mix and dissolve. To be injected several times a day.
|
||
|
||
479 ANOTHER
|
||
Take of alum 10 grs., rose water 4 oz.; mix and dissolve. To be used
|
||
frequently.
|
||
|
||
480. ESSENCE OF BEEF
|
||
Take of lean beef sliced 1 lb., put it into a bottle or jar closely
|
||
corked; place this in a vessel of cold water and boil for an hour or more;
|
||
then decant and skim the liquid. Chicken tea may be made in the same way.
|
||
For more nourishing and palatable than beef tea, season it to suit the
|
||
taste.
|
||
|
||
481. IMPERIAL DRINK
|
||
Take of cream of tartar one drm., the outer rind of fresh lemon or orange
|
||
peel half a drm., loaf sugar one ounce, boiling water two pints. When they
|
||
have stood in a pitcher about ten minutes, strain off the liquor. This
|
||
makes a beautiful cooling drink, and is an excellent article in fevers.
|
||
|
||
482. RINGWORM LOTION
|
||
Take of sublimate of mercury, 5 grains; spirits of wine, 2 oz.; tinc. of
|
||
musk, 1 drachm; rose water, 6 oz.; mix well, and rub well in.
|
||
|
||
483. WHISKERS AND MOUSTACHES
|
||
The best method of promoting the growth of whiskers and moustaches, is to
|
||
shave the parts frequently, and use as a stimulant the ashes of burned
|
||
tobacco macerated in bay water.
|
||
|
||
484 COUGH SYRUP
|
||
Take of hoarhound, 1 quart; water 1 quart; mix and boil down to a pint;
|
||
then add two or three sticks of liquorice and a tablespoonful of essence
|
||
of lemon; dose, a tablespoonful three times a day, or as often as the
|
||
cough is troublesome.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
485. BLACK SALVE
|
||
Take of sweet oil 1 oz., linseed oil 1 oz., pulverized red lead 1 oz.; put
|
||
all into an iron dish over a moderate fire, constantly stirring until you
|
||
can draw your finger over a drop of it on a board, when a little cool,
|
||
without sticking; when it is done, spread on a cloth and apply as other
|
||
slaves.
|
||
|
||
486. SEIDLITZ POWDERS
|
||
Take of rochelle salts, 2 drachms; bicarbonate of soda, 2 scruples; put
|
||
these into a blue paper, and put 35 grains of tartaric acid into a white
|
||
paper. To use, put each into different tumblers, half fill each with
|
||
water, and put a little loaf sugar in with the acid, then pour them
|
||
together and drink; this makes a very pleasant cathartic. Effervescing
|
||
draught is made by leaving out the rochelle salts.
|
||
|
||
487. CAMPHOR ICE.
|
||
Take of spermaceti, 1 1/2 oz.; gum camphor, 3/4 oz.; oil of sweet almonds,
|
||
4 teaspoonsful; mix, and apply heat just enough to melt all together.
|
||
Whilst warm, pour into small moulds, then paper, and put up in tin-foil.
|
||
This, for chaps on hands or lips, cannot be equalled.
|
||
|
||
488. FOR SALT RHEUM
|
||
Take a quantity of the pokeweed, any time in summer, pound it, press out
|
||
the juice, strain it into a pewter dish, and set it in the sun until it
|
||
acquires the consistency of salve; then put it into an earthen mug, add to
|
||
it water and beeswax sufficient to make an ointment of common consistency.
|
||
Simmer the whole over a fire till thoroughly mixed; when cold, it is ready
|
||
for use. To be rubbed on the part affected. The most obstinate cases have
|
||
yielded to this in three or four months. Try it.
|
||
|
||
489. ARTIFICIAL SKIN
|
||
Dissolve gun cotton in sulphuric ether, and thicken it with gum mucilage.
|
||
This article touched upon a cut or bruise, forms, immediately, an
|
||
artificial skin, which cannot be washed off. It is very useful as it
|
||
obviates the necessity of finger cots or bandages. It is excellent for
|
||
sore nipples.
|
||
|
||
490. HAIR RESTORATIVE
|
||
Take of sugar of lead, 1 oz.; lack sulphur, 1 oz.; essence of bergamot,
|
||
1/2.; bay rum, 1 gill; alcohol, 1 gill; and half a teaspoonful of salt;
|
||
dissolve, first, the sugar of lead and sulphur in the alcohol, then the
|
||
other ingredients; and add the whole to a gallon of warm soft water, then
|
||
bottle it tightly, and it is fit for use. To be applied several times a
|
||
day. This is a most excellent article, give it a trail.
|
||
|
||
491. TO REMOVE WARTS AND CORNS
|
||
This is very often done by means of nitrate of silver, or some of the
|
||
mineral acids; but the best caustic for this purpose is that recommended
|
||
for cancer in the skin.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
492. CANCER IN THE SKIN
|
||
No one but an impostor will presume to cure a true cancer, containing the
|
||
cancer cell, and situated in the muscles. Many times hard tumors, not
|
||
containing the cancer cell, are called cancers, and are removed by
|
||
different methods, which is very easily accomplished, without a danger of
|
||
their returning; by which means base quacks become lauded by the
|
||
illiterate, for their superior skill in banishing this dreadful malady,
|
||
and the orphan, and finally, in consequence thereof, plunge themselves
|
||
headlong over yonder precipice of eternal misery. Cancer which are
|
||
situated in the skin, and are sometimes called spider cancers, &c., may be
|
||
cured by the following caustic: take of sulphate of iron, 1 part; and
|
||
acetate of lead, 1 part; pulverize each separately, as fine as possible,
|
||
and mix well together; then, by means of a probe or knitting-needle, touch
|
||
the cancer with it every morning for three or four times, and you will be
|
||
able to draw it all out; after which apply adhesive straps that it may
|
||
heal. It is used in the same way to destroy corns and warts. In the case
|
||
of cancer, physic well before applying it.
|
||
|
||
493. FOR WORMS
|
||
Give a child one year old 15 drops of spirits of turpentine on sugar,
|
||
fasting, for three mornings in succession; follow the last dose with a
|
||
good dose of castor oil; this forms an excellent vermifuge. The dose of
|
||
spirits of turpentine for a child two years old is 20 drops, three years
|
||
old 25 drops, four years old 30 drops, &c.
|
||
|
||
494. SPASMODIC CROUP
|
||
Genuine croup is indeed of very rare occurrence, and is a fearfully
|
||
dangerous disease, the only chances are to call in a physician at once. In
|
||
genuine croup, the child seems to have a cold and is hoarse for a few days
|
||
previous to the attack; but the fit generally comes on suddenly in
|
||
spasmodic croup, which may be treated as follows. During the fit put the
|
||
child in a warm bath, apply hot water to the throat, allow fresh air, and
|
||
sprinkle the face and chest with cold water.
|
||
|
||
495. FOR FLATULENCY
|
||
Make a tea of the seeds of anise, caraway, and coriander, and drink freely
|
||
of it.
|
||
|
||
496. FOR HICCOUGH
|
||
Take five drops of oil of anise on sugar when they commence to be
|
||
troublesome.
|
||
|
||
497. FOR HEARTBURN
|
||
This is a very disagreeable sensation, but may be banished by taking a
|
||
teaspoonful of carbonate of soda dissolved in half a tumbler full of
|
||
sweetened water.
|
||
|
||
498. ERYSIPELAS
|
||
This when very bad needs the attendance of a physician; when not so bad,
|
||
paint the inflamed part over with white lead, mixed with paint oil, it is
|
||
an excellent remedy.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
499. FOR FELON
|
||
Poultice well with flaxseed meal until matter begins to form, then at once
|
||
have it well laid open with a lance, continue the poultice for some time
|
||
afterwards.
|
||
|
||
500. HAIR RESTORATIVE
|
||
Take of black mustard seed 1/2 oz., red pepper 15 grains, blood root 1/2
|
||
oz., cantharides 15 grains, castile soap 1/2 oz., alcohol one quart; mix
|
||
all together in a bottle, let stand for a week, occasionally shaking.
|
||
Perfume with oil of bergamot, and apply three or four times a day.
|
||
|
||
501. TO KILL RATS AND MICE WITHOUT POISON
|
||
Slice up a quantity of corks, grease, and scent them with oil of anise;
|
||
throw them in the way of the rats and mice; they will eat, but cannot
|
||
digest them; the result is they will die.
|
||
|
||
502. EYE WATER
|
||
One part of good brandy, to six of clean rain or distilled water, makes an
|
||
admirable eye water for most cases of sore eyes.
|
||
|
||
503. FOR CHRONIC GOUT AND RHEUMATISM
|
||
Take of bicarbonate of potash 1/2 drachm, tincture of orange 2 drachms,
|
||
compound decoction of aloes 8 oz., mix. Dose, a wine glass full whenever
|
||
the fit is expected. This is Sir A. Cooper's prescription.
|
||
|
||
504. FOR SICKNESS AND VOMITING
|
||
Take of creosote 16 drops, acetic acid 16 drops, compound spirit of
|
||
juniper 1 oz., syrup 1 oz., water 14 oz.; mix the creosote with the acid,
|
||
add gradually the water, and lastly the syrup and spirit. Dose from two to
|
||
four tablespoonsful.
|
||
|
||
505. LAXATIVE PILL
|
||
Take of powdered aloes 1 drachm, gamboge 10 grains, Castile soap and water
|
||
sufficient to make a pill mass; mix and divide into 34 pills. Dose, one
|
||
two, or three, to be given when necessary, for torpid bowels.
|
||
|
||
506. FOR HEADACHE
|
||
In case of a severe attack of headache the best remedy is, generally, to
|
||
take a good strong physic of salts and senna. If this does not relieve it,
|
||
or where the person is very frequently troubled with headache, apply a
|
||
blister to the back of the neck, you will find it an excellent remedy.
|
||
|
||
507. ANTIDOTES FOR POISONS
|
||
The antidotes for poisoning with the strong mineral acids, such as nitric,
|
||
muriatic, sulphuric, or oxalic acids are magnesia, chalk, whiting, in milk
|
||
or water; mucilaginous or soapy liquids. When sulphuric acid has been
|
||
taken, use very little water if any. Irritate the throat with a feather to
|
||
produce vomiting.
|
||
The antidote for poisoning with corrosive sublimate or any other
|
||
preparation of mercury, is albumen, as whites of eggs, in large quantity,
|
||
flour and water, and milk. The whites of eggs are best.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
The antidotes for poisoning by opium, or any of its preparations, as
|
||
morphia, laudanum, &c., are the stomach pump if it can be had; emetic of
|
||
tartar emetic, 2 to 5 grains, or sulphate of zinc, 15 to 30 grains, or
|
||
sulphate of copper, 12 to 15 grs., for an adult. The sulphates of zinc or
|
||
copper are best, because they act quicker. External excitation, keep in
|
||
motion, mechanical excitement of respiration, cold effusion to the head
|
||
and face, feet in hot water, electro-magnetism, internal stimulants, as
|
||
bicarbonate of ammonia, 5 to 25 grains in water, carbonate of ammonia, 5
|
||
to 15 grains, in water, coffee and vegetable acids. Some propose as an
|
||
antidote for every case of poisoning, half a pint of bland oil, as sweet
|
||
oil, fresh butter melted to oil, &c., to be drank at once, for an adult.
|
||
|
||
508. TREATMENT OF DROWNING
|
||
If respiration has ceased when the body is taken out of the water, it
|
||
should instantly be commenced artificially, by putting a pipe into one
|
||
nostril, and closing the mouth and the other nostril, and very gently
|
||
blowing through it about 15 times in a minute; but it is a better plan to
|
||
use a small pair of bellows, putting its muzzle into the nostril, at the
|
||
same time the body should be wiped dry, and be assiduously rubbed with hot
|
||
cloths; hot bricks and bottles of hot water should be put into the armpit,
|
||
between the thighs, and to the feet; the head should be raised, the
|
||
nostrils irritated with a feather, or the fumes of hartshorn, and a warm
|
||
injection of turpentine, made as follows, may be thrown up - oil of
|
||
turpentine, 3 drachms; gruel, 1/2 pint; and the yolk of 1 egg. Incorporate
|
||
the turpentine with the egg, then add the gruel. Galvanism should be
|
||
resorted to, if respiration is not quickly restored. As soon as the
|
||
patient can swallow, he should have some weak wine and water; and soon
|
||
afterwards an emetic of a large tablespoonful of mustard, mixed with 6
|
||
ozs. of water, to clear the stomach of the water which he has swallowed,
|
||
and to restore the circulation by the impetus of vomiting. After some
|
||
hours he will suffer from severe headache and fever, which must be
|
||
relieved by bleeding, purgatives, &c., which will be attended to by a
|
||
physician, who will be present by this time. A case is related in which
|
||
life was restored by the most persevering friction, which was kept up for
|
||
eight hours before the humanity of the surgeon, Dr. Douglass, of Havre,
|
||
was rewarded by a return of respiration.
|
||
|
||
509. GOOD SAMARITAN OR PAIN-KILLER
|
||
Take of 95 percent alcohol 2 quarts, and add to it the following articles:
|
||
oils of sarsafras and hemlock, spirits of turpentine, balsam of fir,
|
||
chloriform, tincture of catechu and guaiacum, of each 1 oz., oil of
|
||
origanum 2 oz., oil of wintergreen 1/2 oz., and gum of camphor, 1/2 oz.
|
||
Let it all be well incorporated and you have the most excellent pain
|
||
killer that was ever made. It is good for rheumatism, headache, neuralgia,
|
||
cuts, sprains, burns, bruises, spinal affections, ear-ache, tooth-ache,
|
||
sore throat, &c. This is used internally and externally, the dose
|
||
internally is 10 drops; take on sugar.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
510. THE LANGUAGE OF FLOWERS
|
||
What each flower enumerated, signifies, when sent to a friend or lover.
|
||
|
||
Almond, flowering - Concealed love.
|
||
Althea, Frutex - I am deeply in love.
|
||
Amaranth - Immortality, or piety.
|
||
Anemone - Fading hope.
|
||
Arbor-Vitae - Unchanging friendship.
|
||
Auricula, Scarlet - Pride. You are proud.
|
||
Bachelor's button - Hope in love.
|
||
Balm - I long for your society.
|
||
Balsamine - Impatience; or, pray come.
|
||
Bay Leaf - I change but in dying.
|
||
Box - I believe in your constancy.
|
||
Buttercup - Riches. You are rich.
|
||
Calla Ethiopica - Magnificent beauty.
|
||
Carnation - Pride and Beauty.
|
||
Camelia Japonica - Surpassing excellence.
|
||
Cedar - Think of me.
|
||
China Aster - Caprice.
|
||
Cypress - Despair, and without hope.
|
||
Dahlia - Dignity - I will sustain it.
|
||
Daisy - Youthful beauty.
|
||
Dandelion - Coquetry, I accuse you of.
|
||
Eglantine - I wound to heal.
|
||
Forget-me-not - True love for ever.
|
||
Fox-glove - Insincerity. You are false.
|
||
Geranium - Gentility and elegance.
|
||
Gilly-Flower - Thou art fair.
|
||
Golden Rod - Encouragement. You will succeed.
|
||
Grass - Submission.
|
||
Heart's Ease - Love in idleness.
|
||
Heliotrope - Devotion. Let us pray for each other.
|
||
Hellebore - Calumny. You have listened.
|
||
Hollyhock - Ambition. I seek glory.
|
||
Honeysuckle - Dost thou love me ?
|
||
Houstonia - Content ever with thee.
|
||
Hyacinth, Purple - Sorrow. I am sad.
|
||
Hydrangea - Heartlessness.
|
||
Ivy - Wedded Love. We are happy.
|
||
Jasmine, White - I desire a return of my affection.
|
||
Larkspur - Haughtiness.
|
||
Laurel - Ambition. I will win.
|
||
Laurustinus - A token. Pray remember.
|
||
Lavender - Acknowledgment.
|
||
Lilac - Fastidiousness.
|
||
Lily, White - Purity and beauty.
|
||
Magnolia - You are beautiful.
|
||
Marigold - Jealousy, I have cause.
|
||
Mignionette - I live for thee.
|
||
Moss - Patience, or pray wait.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Oak-Leaf - Courage. I will endure.
|
||
Passion-Flower - Piety. Trust in God.
|
||
Periwinkle - Memory. Never forget.
|
||
Pink - Household love. I am at home.
|
||
Poppy - Forgetfulness.
|
||
Primrose - Neglected merit.
|
||
Rose - Love, or I love you.
|
||
Rue - Disdain. Go: never return.
|
||
Saffron - Marriage - when ?
|
||
Snow-drop - Faithful in adversity.
|
||
Thyme - Thriftiness. I am diligent.
|
||
Tulip - Beautiful eyes. Look on me.
|
||
Violet - I dream of thee.
|
||
Willow - Forsaken - never more.
|
||
Wheat - Prosperity - I wish thee.
|
||
Yew - Penitence. I am sorry.
|
||
|
||
511. THE WAY TO WEALTH
|
||
"The way to wealth," says Doctor Franklin, "is as plain as the way to
|
||
market." Many men, however, either miss the way, or stumble and fall on
|
||
the road.
|
||
Fortune, they say, is a fickle dame - full of her freaks and caprices;
|
||
who blindly distributes her favors without the slightest discrimination.
|
||
So inconsistant, so wavering is she represented, that her most faithfull
|
||
votaries can place no reliance on her promises.
|
||
Disappointment, they tell us, is the lot of those who make offerings to
|
||
her shrine. Now, all this is a vile slander upon the dear blind lady.
|
||
Although wealth often appears the result of mere accident, or a
|
||
fortunate concurrence of favourable circumstances, without any exertion of
|
||
skill or foresight, yet every man of sound health and unimpaired mind may
|
||
become wealthy, if he takes the proper steps.
|
||
Foremost in the list of requisites, are honesty and strict integrity in
|
||
every transaction of life. Let a man have the reputation of being fair and
|
||
upright in his dealings, and he will possess the confidence of all who
|
||
know him.
|
||
Without these qualities, every other merit will prove unavailing. Ask
|
||
concerning a man, "Is he active and capable ?" Yes. "industrious,
|
||
temperate, and regular in his habits ?" O Yes. "Is he honest ? is he
|
||
trustworthy ?" Why, as to that, I am sorry to say that he is not to be
|
||
trusted; he wants watching; he is a little tricky, and will take an undue
|
||
advantage, if he can. "Then I will have nothing to do with him:" will be
|
||
the invariable reply.
|
||
Next, let us consider the advantages of a cautious circumstances in our
|
||
intercourse with the world. Slowness of belief, and a proper distrust are
|
||
essential to success.
|
||
The credulous and confiding are ever the dupes of knaves and imposters.
|
||
Ask those who have lost their property how it happened, and you will find
|
||
in most cases it has been owing to misplaced confidence.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
One has lost be endorsing; another by crediting; another by false
|
||
representatives; all of which a little more foresight and a little more
|
||
distrust would have prevented. In the affairs of this world, men are not
|
||
saved by faith, but by the want of it. Judge men by what they do, not by
|
||
what they say. Believe in looks rather than in words.
|
||
Before trusting a man, before putting it in his power to cause you a
|
||
loss, posses yourself of every available information relative to him.
|
||
Learn his history, his habits, inclinations and propensities; his
|
||
reputation for honesty, industry, frugality, and punctuality; his
|
||
prospects, resources, supports, advantages and disadvantages; his
|
||
intentions and motives of action; who are his friends and enemies, and
|
||
what are his good and bad qualities.
|
||
You may learn a man's good qualities and advantages from his friends -
|
||
his bad qualities and disadvantages from his enemies. Make due allowance
|
||
for exaggeration in both.
|
||
Finally, examine carefully before engaging in anything, and act with
|
||
energy afterward. Have the hundred eyes of Argus beforehand, and the
|
||
hundred hands of Briarius afterward.
|
||
|
||
512. MAXIMS BY DR. FRANKLIN ON THE WAY TO WEALTH
|
||
- God helps those who help themselves.
|
||
- Many words won't fill a bushel.
|
||
- Sloth, like rust, consumes faster than labour wears.
|
||
- The key often used is always bright.
|
||
- Dost thou love life ? Then do not squander time, for that is the
|
||
stuff life is made of.
|
||
- The sleeping fox catches no poultry.
|
||
- There will be time enough for sleep, in the grave.
|
||
- If time be of all things the most precious, wasting time must be
|
||
the greatest prodigality.
|
||
- Lost time is never found again.
|
||
- What we call time enough, always proves little enough.
|
||
- Sloth makes all things difficult, but industry all easy.
|
||
- He that riseth late must trot all day, and shall scarce overtake
|
||
his business at night.
|
||
- Laziness travels so slowly, that poverty soon overtakes him.
|
||
- Drive thy business, lest it drive thee.
|
||
- Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and
|
||
wise.
|
||
- Industry need not wish.
|
||
- He that lives upon hope, will die fasting.
|
||
- There are no gains without pains.
|
||
- Help, hands, for I have no lands.
|
||
- He that hath a trade, hath an estate, and he that hath a calling,
|
||
hath an office of profit and honour; but the trade must be worked
|
||
at, and the calling well followed, or neither will enable us to pay
|
||
our taxes.
|
||
- The drone in the hive makes no honey.
|
||
- At the working mans house hunger looks in, but does not enter.
|
||
- Industry pays debts, but despair increaseth them.
|
||
- Diligence is the mother of good luck.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
- God gives all things to industry.
|
||
- Plough deep while sluggards sleep, and you will have corn to sell
|
||
and to keep.
|
||
- One today is worth two tomorrow.
|
||
- Have you somewhat to do tomorrow, do it today.
|
||
- If you were a servant, would you not be ashamed that a good master
|
||
should catch you idle ? Are you, then, your own master ? be ashamed
|
||
to catch yourself idle.
|
||
- The cat in gloves catches no mice.
|
||
- Light strokes fell great oaks.
|
||
- By diligence and patience, the mouse ate into the cable.
|
||
- Employ thy time well, if thou meanest to gain leisure; and since
|
||
thou art not sure of a minute throw not away an hour.
|
||
- A life of leisure and a life of laziness, are two things.
|
||
- Troubles spring from idleness, and grievous toils from needless
|
||
ease.
|
||
- Many would live by their wits, without labour, but they break for
|
||
want of stock.
|
||
- Industry gives comfort, plenty, and respect.
|
||
- Now I have a sheep, and a cow, everybody bids me good-morrow.
|
||
- I never saw an oft removed family, Nor yet an oft removed family,
|
||
That throve so well as one that settled thee.
|
||
- Three removes are as bad as a fire.
|
||
- Keep thy shop, and thy shop will keep thee.
|
||
- If you would have your business done, go; if not, send.
|
||
- He that by the plough would thrive, himself must either hold or
|
||
drive.
|
||
- The eye of the master will do more work than both his hands.
|
||
- Want of care does us more damage than want of knowledge.
|
||
- Not to oversee workmen, is to leave them your purse open.
|
||
- In the affairs of the world, men are saved not by faith, but for
|
||
the want of it.
|
||
- Learning is to the studious, and riches to the careful, as well as
|
||
power to the bold, and heaven to the virtuous.
|
||
- If you would have a faithful servant, and one that you like,
|
||
serve yourself.
|
||
- A little neglect may breed great mischief.
|
||
- For want of a nail the shoe was lost;
|
||
For want of a shoe the horse was lost;
|
||
For want of a horse the rider was lost -
|
||
Being overtaken and slain by the enemy.
|
||
- If a man save not as he gets, he may keep his nose to the grindstone
|
||
all his life, and die not worth a groat.
|
||
- A fat kitchen makes a lean will.
|
||
- Many estates are spent in the getting, since women for tea, forsook
|
||
spinning and knitting, and men for punch, forsook hewing and
|
||
splitting.
|
||
- The Indians did not make Spain rich, because her out-goes were
|
||
greater than he incomes.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
- What maintains one vice would bring up two children.
|
||
- Many a little makes a mickle.
|
||
- Beware of little expenses; a small leak will sink a great ship.
|
||
- Who dainties love, shall beggars prove.
|
||
- Fools make feasts, and wise men eat them.
|
||
- Buy what thou dost not need, and ere long thou shalt sell thy
|
||
necessaries.
|
||
- At a great bargain pause awhile.
|
||
- It is foolish to lay out money in the purchase of repentance.
|
||
- Wise men learn by another's harms, fools scarcely by their own.
|
||
- Silks and satins, scarlet and velvets, put out the kitchen fire.
|
||
- A ploughman on his legs, is higher than a gentleman on his knees.
|
||
- Always taking out of the meal tub, and never putting in, soon
|
||
comes to the bottom.
|
||
- When the well is dry we know the worth of water.
|
||
- If you would know the value of money, try to borrow.
|
||
- Fond pride of dress is sure a very curse.
|
||
- Ere fancy you consult, consult your purse.
|
||
- Pride is a loud a beggar as want, and a great deal more saucy.
|
||
- Vessels large may venture more, but little boats should keep the
|
||
shore.
|
||
- Pride that shines on vanity sups on contempt.
|
||
- Pride breakfasted with plenty, dined with poverty, and supped with
|
||
infamy.
|
||
- The second vice is lying; the first is running in debt.
|
||
- Lying rides upon debt's back.
|
||
- It is hard for an empty bag to stand upright.
|
||
- Creditors have better memories than debtors.
|
||
- Creditors are a superstitious sect, great observers of set days
|
||
and times.
|
||
- The borrower is a slave to the lender, and the debtor to the
|
||
creditor.
|
||
- Experience keeps a dear school; but fools will learn in no other
|
||
and scarce in that; for we may give advice, but we cannot give
|
||
conduct.
|
||
- They that will not be counselled cannot be helped.
|
||
- Distrust and caution are the parents of security.
|
||
- There is neither honour nor gain got in dealing with a villain.
|
||
- Light purse, heavy heart.
|
||
- Ne'er take a wife till thou hast a house (and a fire) to put her in.
|
||
- Great talkers, little doers.
|
||
- Relation without friendship, friendship without power, power without
|
||
will, will without effect, effect without profit, and profit without
|
||
virtue, are not worth a farthing.
|
||
- He has changed his one-eyed horse for a blind one.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
TO ALL WHO HAVE PURCHASED THIS WORK
|
||
-----------------------------------
|
||
|
||
You are now in possession of about all the latest and most useful
|
||
receipts that are in the country; many of which are now being sold,
|
||
frequently, for from $5 to $10 and $20 each; and if you will now be wise,
|
||
do that which will be to your own interest, allow no man to see this work,
|
||
but keep the receipts profoundly secret, except as you sell them. You may
|
||
dispose of enough of them, written off, every year you have the book, to
|
||
amount to twenty times the price of it.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Toronto, 1861
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
A FINAL NOTE
|
||
----------------
|
||
|
||
There you have it. A most remarkable collection of "receipts", just as
|
||
the man advertised. We hope you get as much enjoyment out of this work as
|
||
we have had over the one hundred and twenty five years it has been in our
|
||
family.
|
||
|
||
Thanks to my nephew, Bob Gravonic, for helping to type this text into
|
||
the word processor.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Paul Hubbs
|
||
Toronto, 1990
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Downloaded From P-80 International Information Systems 304-744-2253
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