281 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
281 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
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On December 10, 1948, the General Assembly of the United Nations
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adopted and proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,
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the full text of which appears in the following pages. Following
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this historic act the Assembly called upon all Member countries to
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publicize the text of the Declaration and "to cause it to be
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disseminated, displayed, read and expounded principally in schools
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and other educational institutions, without distinctions based on
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the political status of countries or territories."
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Final Authorized Text
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UNITED NATIONS
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OFFICE OF PUBLIC INFORMATION
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UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
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PREAMBLE
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Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and
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inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the
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foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,
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Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in
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barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and
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the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of
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speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been
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proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people,
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Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have
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recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and
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oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of
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law,
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Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly
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relations between nations,
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Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter
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reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity
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and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and
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women and have determined to promote social progress and better
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standards of life in larger freedom,
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Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in co-
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operation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal
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respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental
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freedoms,
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Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of
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the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge,
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Now, Therefore,
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THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY
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proclaims
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THIS UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS as a common standard of
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achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every
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individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration
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constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education promote
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respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures,
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national and international, to secure their Universal and effective
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recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States
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themselves and among the peoples of territories under their
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jurisdiction.
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Article 1. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and
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rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act
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towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
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Article 2. Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set
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forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such
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as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other
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opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other
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status.
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Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the
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political, jurisdictional or international status of the country
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or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent,
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trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of
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sovereignty.
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Article 3. Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of
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person.
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Article 4. No one shall beheld in slavery or servitude; slavery and
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the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
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Article 5. No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel,
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inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
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Article 6. Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a
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person before the law.
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Article 7. All are equal before the law and are entitled without
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any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled
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to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this
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Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.
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Article 8. Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the
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competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental
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rights granted him by the constitution or by law.
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Article 9. No one shall bc subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention
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or exile.
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Article 10. Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and
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public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the
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determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal
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charge against him.
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Article 11. (1) Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right
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to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a
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public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for
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his defence.
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(2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of
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any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under
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national or international law, at the time when it was committed.
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Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was
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applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.
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Article 12. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference
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with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks
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upon his honor and reputation. Everyone has the right to the
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protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
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Article 13. (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and
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residence within the borders of each state.
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(2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own,
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and to return to his country.
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Article 14. (1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in
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other countries asylum from persecution.
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(2) This right may not he invoked in the case of prosecutions
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genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary
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to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
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Article 15. (1) Everyone has the right to a nationality.
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(2) No one shall he arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor
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denied the right to change his nationality.
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Article 16. (1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation
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due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and
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to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to
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marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
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(2) Marriage shall he entered into only with the free and full
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consent of the intending spouses.
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(3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of
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society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.
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Article 17. (1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as
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well as in association with others.
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(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.
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Article 18. Everyone has the right to freedom of thought,
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conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his
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religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with
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others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief
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in teaching, practice, worship and observance.
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Article 19. Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and
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expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without
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interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas
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through any media and regardless of frontiers.
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Article 20. (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful
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assembly and association.
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(2) No one may bc compelled to belong to any association .
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Article 21. (l) Everyone has the right to take part in the
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government of his country, directly or through freely chosen
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representatives.
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(2) Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his
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country.
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(3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of
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government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine
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elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall
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be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.
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Article 22. Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to
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social security and is entitled to realization, through national
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effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the
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organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social
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and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free
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development of his personality.
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Article 23. (l) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of
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employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to
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protection against unemployment.
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(2) Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal
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pay for equal work.
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(3) Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable
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remuneration ensuring for him self and his family an existence
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worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other
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means of social protection.
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(4) Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the
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protection of his interests.
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Article 24. Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including
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reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with
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pay.
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Article 25. (1 ) Everyone has the right to a standard of living
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adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his
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family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and
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necessary social services, and the right to security in the event
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of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other
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lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control .
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(2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and
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assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall
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enjoy the same social protection.
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Article 26. (1) Everyone has the right to education. Education
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shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages.
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Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and
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professional education shall be made generally available and higher
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education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.
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(2) Education shall he directed to the full development of the
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human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human
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rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding,
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tolerance and friendship among, all nations, racial or religious
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groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for
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the maintenance of peace.
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(3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that
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shall be given to their children.
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Article 27. (1) Everyone has the right freely to participate in the
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cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in
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scientific advancement and its benefits.
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(2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and
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material interests resulting from many scientific, literary or
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artistic production of which he is the author.
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Article 28. Everyone is entitled to a social and international
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order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this
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Declaration can be fully realized.
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Article 29. (1) Everyone has duties to the community in which alone
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the free and full development of his personality is possible.
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(2) In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be
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subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely
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for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for their
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rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements
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of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic
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society.
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(3) These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary
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to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
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Article 30. Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as
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implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any
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activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of
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the rights and freedoms set forth herein.
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DPl/15 -September 1983- 100M
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Reprinted in U N, NY -20126 -August 1988- 1OOM
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