2180 lines
62 KiB
Plaintext
2180 lines
62 KiB
Plaintext
Taeis Languages
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---------------
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FTP'd from ftp.netcom.com:
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File pub/anton/taeis/language/*.lang
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dragon.lang.1
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dragon.lang.2
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kingdoms.lang
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ohs.lang
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petrocea.lang
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These are artificial languages for the "Taeis" world,
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as defined in alt.worlds.taeis on Usenet.
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::::::::::::::
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dragon.lang.1
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::::::::::::::
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From: Geoff Tuffli <tuff@midway.uchicago.edu>
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Date: Fri, 27 Nov 92 23:57:07 CST
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Message-Id: <CMM.0.90.4.722930227.tuff@ellis.uchicago.edu>
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To: adiederi@liberty.uc.wlu.edu
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Subject: dragon.lang.1
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PRONUNCIATION
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a - fATHer b - bet
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e - Elephant c - SHeep
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i - bIt d - Dog
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o - bOtch f - Father
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u - lUnch g - Goat
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h - THud
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aa - YAk j - aZure
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ae - JAm k - baCK
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ai - sAY l - Laugh
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ao - JAil m - Mother
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au - lAUrel n - Never
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p - Pet
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ea - YEs r - Rain
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ee - JElly s - Sane
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ei - sEA t - Tap
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eo - EOn v - Very
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eu - EUnuch
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ia - YIp
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ie - JIm
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ii - EYE
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io - YIkes
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iu - tissUE
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oa - YOlk
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oe - JOlly
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oi - tOE
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oo - mOOn
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ou - cOUgh
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ua - YOung
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ue - JUly
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ui - YOU
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uo - tOUgh
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uu - cOW
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ya - YEAH (used only in one word, "ya" - thing)
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PRONOUNS, POSSESSIVES, ETC.
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Ieo - (I, masculine) Iea - (I, feminine)
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Nieo - (You, masculine) Niea - (You, feminine)
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Aeo - He
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Aea - She
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Ae - It
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Ieon - (We, masculine) Iean - (We, feminine) Ien - (We, mixed gender)
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Nieon - (You, masculine) Niean - (You, feminine) Nien - (You, mixed gender)
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Aeon - (They, masculine)
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Aean - (They, feminine)
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Aen - (They, mixed gender or neuter)
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k'ieo/k'iea - my, mine k'ieon/k'iean/k'ien - our, ours
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kor nieo/kor niea - your, yours
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k'aeo - his k'aeon - their, theirs (masculine)
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k'aea - her, hers k'aean - their, theirs (feminine)
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k'aen - its k'aen - their, theirs (mixed gender or neuter)
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Examples:
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Ois teigat k'aen. This is their boat.
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This boat is theirs.
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This boat belongs to them.
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Oiten teigat k'ieo. Those are my boats.
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or Those boats are mine.
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Oiten teigat k'iea. Those boats belong to me.
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The phrase "Teigaten k'iea" is NOT equivalent to the phrase
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"Iea aya teigaten". Even though both literally mean
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"I have some boats", the first phrase implies OWNERSHIP, while
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the second implies physical POSSESSION.
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"Iea aya teigaten k'iea." is a phrase which indicates both ownership
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and physical possession.
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INDICATIVES
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Ois - this Oit - that
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Oisen - these Oiten - those
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INTERROGATIVES
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Toit - what Examples:
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Tekeme - who Taia oisen? = Whose are these?
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Tena - where Tekeme oit? = Who is that?
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Taia - whose Toit ois? = What is this?
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Teile - why
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Teolui - when
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Temaga - how
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CONJUNCTIONS AND MISCELLANEOUS WORDS (CONDITIONALS, ETC.)
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elg - and (for joining two words or phrases only)
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eln - and (separates words in a spoken series)
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elb - and (used before the last word in a spoken series)
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eli - and (used for joining two numbers only)
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elh - and (separates numbers in a spoken series)
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eld - and (used before the last number in a spoken series of numbers)
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glaa - if
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ouso - or (exculsive)
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ouse - or (inclusive)
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da - not
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d'na - no
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d'naya - nothing
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ber - false
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ana - yes
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rei - true
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verb root + cai = "place" of verb, e.g. geicai = "place of healing"
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pronoun/noun + na = "place" of pronoun/noun = Ieana = "my home"
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kor - possessive "of" (becomes k' before vowels)
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hi - with
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sle - else
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keir - large, great, big
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aor - small, tiny, insignificant
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TIME-RELATED WORDS
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loeth - before
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laseth - after
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vrara - forever
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gese - for a short time, brief
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PREPOSITIONS
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u - but
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tine - while
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ol - to
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e - from
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ni - on
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na - in
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ra - of (non-possessive)
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VERBS AND DERIVED WORDS
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Verb root + nne = infinitive form of the verb
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Verb root + p (ap) = gerund
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Verb root + t (at) = noun derivative
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Verb root + r (ar) = adjective derivative
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Verb root + s (as) = adverb derivative
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Verb root + re (are) = past tense (Standard/Informal form)
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Verb root + ro (aro) = future tense (Standard/Informal form)
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r (ra) + verb root = passive voice
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-eo = flag for masculine "I"
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-ea = flag for feminine "I"
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-eon = flag for masculine "We"
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-ean feminine "We"
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-en mixed "We"
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-no (-ano) masculine "You"
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-na (-ana) feminine "You"
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-non (-anon) masculine "You" (plural)
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-nan (-anan) feminine "You" (plural)
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-nen (-anen) mixed "You"
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-ao He
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-aa She
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-ae It
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-aon masculine "They"
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-aan feminine "They"
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-aen mixed "They"
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cal Tense marker for "present"
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recal Tense marker for "past"
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rocal Tense marker for "future"
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Note: There are several intermediate tense markers, i.e. before and
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after, but the three markers above are the ONLY ones to determine
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the tense "flavoring" of the entire phrase or sentence.
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Sample conjugation: AIANNE = "to have", "to hold"
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verb root: aia
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gerund : aiap
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noun derivatives: aiat - coin/money (plural: aiaten)
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aiart = pet, possession
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aiarya = pet, possession (term of endearment)
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There are several more derivatives!!!!
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adjective: aiar
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adverb: aias
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I. Standard (Informal) Conjugation:
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Verbs conjugated in the standard/informal manner are hard coded for tense
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as well as for voice. The passive voice is RARELY used in standard/informal.
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Also, pronouns may or not precede a conjugated verb in standard/informal
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form. As a general rule, they DO precede in talking or writing to
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non-intimates and DO NOT in talking/writing to intimates. Conjugated
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verbs without pronoun precedents are hard-coded for person.
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Present Tense:
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a) With pronoun precedent
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Ieo/Ie'aia I have
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Ieon/Iean/Ien aia We have
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Nieo/Nie'aia You have
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Nieon/Niean/Nien aia You (plural) have
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Aeo/Ae'aia/Ae aia He/She/It has
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Aeon/Aean/Aen aia They have
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b) Without pronoun precedent
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aiaeo/aiaea I have
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aiaeon/aiaean/aiaen We have
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aiano/aiana You have
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aianon/aianan/aianen You (plural) have
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aiaao/aiaaa/aiaae He/she/it has
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Aiaaon/aiaaan/aiaaen They have
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Past Tense:
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a) With pronoun precedent
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Ieo/Ie'aiare
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Ieon/Iean/Ien aiare
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Nieo/Niea aiare
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Nieon/Niean/Nien aiare
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Aeo/Ae'aiare/Ae aiare
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Aeon/Aean/Aen aiare
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b) Without pronoun precedent
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aiareeo/aiareea
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aiareeon/aiareean/aiareen
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aiareno/aiarena
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aiarenon/aiarenan/aiarenen
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aiareao/aiareaa/aiareae
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aiareao/aiareaan/aiareaen
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Future Tense:
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a) With pronoun precedent
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Ieo/Ie'aiaro
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Ieon/Iean/Ien aiaro
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Nieo/Nie'aiaro
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Nieon/Niean/Nien aiaro
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Aeo/Ae'aiaro/Ae aiaro
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Aeon/Aean/Aen aiaro
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b) Without pronoun precedent
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aiaroeo/aiaroea
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aiaroeon/aiaroean/aiaroen
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aiarono/aiarona
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aiaronon/aiaronan/aiaronen
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aiaroao/aiaroaa/aiaroae
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aiaroaon/aiaroaan/aiaroaen
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II. Non-Standard (Formal) Conjugation
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Verbs conjugated in the non-standard/formal manner are hard coded for ONLY
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voice. And, voice is ALWAYS passive in this form.
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Tense is "soft-coded"; a tense marker is put forth either as part of
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a sentence, or as a statement all to itself. The first style is
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characteristic of dialogue, while the second is of formal writings and
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decrees. The presented tense marker 'flavors' all of the conjugated verbs
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which follow it and come before another tense marker (which will ALWAYS
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be one which will change the tense....if it isn't, it's HORRIBLE GRAMMAR)
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Pronouns ALWAYS precede a conjugated verb in non-standard/informal form.
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Therefore, verbs conjugated in this form do not require pronoun flags.
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Note: The following conjugation is "general formal"; used by social
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equals.
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"Very formal" or "Ceremonial" would call for the pronouns being
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substituted by titles ("very formal") or by Servant/Master
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("ceremonial")
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Ieo/Iea raia had by me
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Ieon/Iean/Ien raia had by us
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Nieo/Niea raia had by you
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Nieon/Niean/Nien raia had by you (plural)
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Aeo/Aea/Ae raia had by him/her/it
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Aeon/Aean/Aen raia had by them
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VERBS AND INTERESTING DERIVATIVES
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acinne - to accept; to take (after being offered)
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acit - small refreshment offered by host (hors d'oeuvre)
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aianne - to have; to hold
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aginne - to hide; to conceal
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alemnne - to shine (reflect light)
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alemat - moon
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ateinne - to enter
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ateit - door, gate
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buenne - to multiply (numbers); to reproduce; to give birth
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buer - pregnant (female); fertile (cropland, pasture)
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danne - to add (numbers); to increase; to grow
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deinne - to descend; to fall
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chenne - to enclose; to encircle;
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chet - circle
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ecolnne - to give; to offer
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eilenne - to be (sentient beings)
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eprinne - to exchange
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erdonne - to speak; to talk; to express
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erdot - word; erdoten - LANGUAGE
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erondenne - (to make/work) magic; to enchant (magically)
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erondet - magic, enchantment, illusion
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erondeao/erondeaa - magician, enchanter, illusionist
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keir erondeao/keir erondeaa - "skillful magician" (wizard)
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Eronder Daerao/Eronder Daeraa= "Magician" (title)
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Keis Eronder Daerao/Keis Eronder Daeraa = "Wizard" (title)
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genne - to heal
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geunne - to steal
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glinne - to recognize; to identify (glinne + book, etc =to read)
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gorunne - to bathe
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isnne - to bite; to pierce
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isat - tooth (also spear)
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isar - sharp; biting; piercing
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jacusenne - to flirt; to banter
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jolernne - to play; to joke
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kaisenne - to lead
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kaiset - path, road
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kedenne - to scratch
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kedeteo/kedetea - cat
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kelisenne - to make; to build; to create; to implement; to construct
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keliset - tool
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kemenne - to learn; to understand
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kenne - to cut
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ket - knife
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maganne - to do; to work; to toil
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meranne - to ascend; to climb/scale; to soar
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mesenne - to see; to visualize
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misanne - to entangle; to snare; to trap
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misardat - jungle
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nandanne - to rule; to govern
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nandat - law; rule
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nondanne - to sleep
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oionne - to rush; to race
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oluinne - to happen; to occur
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sarnne - to teach; to instruct
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sebenne - to love
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sitauaienne - to please; to make happy
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teiganne - to float; to elude
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ularnne - to fly
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Numbering System
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Dragons (shapechangers, at least -- regular dragons don't really have
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much use for a numbering system) believe that the existence of Ea is
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based on numbers. Therefore, their numbering system is based on
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directional affixes joined to numerical suffixes.
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DIRECTIONS MEANING DIRECTIONAL AFFIXES
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cai Here ca-
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gana East ga-
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meracai Up mera-
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digana Southeast diga-
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dina South di-
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diduna Southwest didu-
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duna West du-
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aaduna Northwest aadu-
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deicai Down dei-
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aana North aa-
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aagana Northeast aaga-
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Each digit has both a consonant and a vowel/vowel-preceded representation;
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consonant + vowel/vowel preceded = numerical suffix
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DIGIT CONSONANT VOWEL/VOWEL PRECEDED
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0 b a
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1 c an
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2 d e
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3 f en
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4 g i
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5 h in
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6 j o
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7 k on
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8 l u
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9 m un
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10 n aa
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11 p aan
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EXAMPLES:
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0 ba 11 baan
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1 ban 12 caban
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2 be 13 cabe
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3 ben 14 caben
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4 bi 15 cabi
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5 bin 16 cabin
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6 bo 17 cabo
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7 bon 18 cabon
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8 bu 19 cabu
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9 bun 20 cabun
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10 baa 21 cabaa
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30 gabu
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40 merabon
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50 digabo
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60 dibin
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70 didubi
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80 duben
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90 aadube
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100 deiban
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110 deibaan
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200 dicon
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300 cadaan
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400 aaden
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500 didufon
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1,000 cakaan
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1,500 dunun
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Numbers after "aagapaan" = 1,666 are expressed by joining numbers in
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equations by the use of either "da" (from "danne" - to add) or
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"bue" (from "buenne" - to multiply).
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Examples: aagapaan da baa = 1,676
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digapun bue baa = 16,000
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Numbers in series are separated by "elh", and the series is terminated by
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"elb".
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Example: Aagapaan da baa elh digapun bue baa elh gaban elb digabaan.
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"One thousand six hundred and seventy-six, sixteen thousand,
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twenty-three and fifty-five."
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Ordinal numbers are represented by placing a dash "-" between the number
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and the modified word.
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Examples: Ban-Egut = "First Blood"
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Ben-Alemat = "Second Moon"
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For anyone who might want a copy of all the numbers from 0 to 1,666,
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worked out and suitable for framing, please give me a yell
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via e-mail.
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Yours in virtuality,
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Shai Strouse
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sheawyn@glia.biostr.washington.edu
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::::::::::::::
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dragon.lang.2
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::::::::::::::
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From: Geoff Tuffli <tuff@midway.uchicago.edu>
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Date: Fri, 27 Nov 92 23:57:36 CST
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Message-Id: <CMM.0.90.4.722930256.tuff@ellis.uchicago.edu>
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To: adiederi@liberty.uc.wlu.edu
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Subject: dragon.lang.2
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Areilya/Inde sheawyn@glia.biostr.washington.edu [ D R A G O N S ]
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Able - soinne (v.)
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Accept - acinne
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Add - danne
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Addition - dat
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After - laseth
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And - elb (used before the last word in a spoken series)
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- eld (used before the last number in a spoken series)
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- elg (for joining two words or phrases only)
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- elh (separates numbers in a spoken series)
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- eli (used for joining two numbers only)
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- eln (separates words in a spoken series)
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Animal - gaurert [plural: gaurerten]
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Ascend - meranne
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Barter - eprinne
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Bath - gorut
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Bathe - gorunne
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Be - eilenne (sentient beings)
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gaurenne (animals/inanimate objects)
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Beach - serisna
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Become - loeilenne (sentient beings)
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loegaurenne (animals/inanimate objects)
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Before - loeth
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Big - keir
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Bird - vot (plural: voten)
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Bite - isnne (v.); iserna (n.) (plural: isernaten)
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Black - efinar
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Bleed - egunne
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Blood - egut
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Blue - eir
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Bothark - boihark
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Breath - niet
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Breathe - nienne
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Brief - gese (brief = for a short time)
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Brown - selar
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Bruise - donanne (v.); donat (n.)
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Build - kelisenne
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Burn - lernne
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But - u
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Can - soir
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Cat - kedetao/kedetaa (plural: kedetaon/kedetaan/kedetaen)
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Cause - iue
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Child - aoretao/aoretaa
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Children - aoretaon/aoretaan/aoreten
|
|
Choke - chermisanne r'erdotcai (v. - inflicted upon someone)
|
|
r'erdor (just "happens")
|
|
Circle - chet
|
|
Cleanse - gaenne
|
|
Climb - meranne
|
|
Coin - aiat (plural: aiaten)
|
|
Come - coinne
|
|
Conceal - aginne
|
|
Create - kelisenne
|
|
Cure - genne
|
|
Cut - kenne (v.); ketna (n.)
|
|
Darken - efinanne
|
|
Day - oiorcai
|
|
Death - d'eilet or dagauret
|
|
Delight - sitauaienne (v.), sitauaiet (n.)
|
|
Descend - deinne
|
|
Desert - seriscai
|
|
Die - d'eilenne or dagaurenne
|
|
Dirt - aun (no sing. or plural)
|
|
Do - maganne
|
|
Door - ateit (plural: ateiten)
|
|
Down - deicai
|
|
Dragon - eilert [plural: eilerten] (sentient being, literally)
|
|
Dream - veltnne (v), velat (n.)
|
|
Dry - serisar
|
|
Dust - aun (no sing. or plural)
|
|
East - gana
|
|
Eastern - ganar
|
|
Eat - candonne
|
|
Else - sle
|
|
Elude - teiganne
|
|
Embrace - echenne (v.); echet (n.)
|
|
Enchant - erondenne (v.)
|
|
erondet (n.) (plural: erondeten)
|
|
Enchanter- erondeao/erondeaa
|
|
Eronder Daerao/Eronder Daeraa (title)
|
|
Encircle - chenne
|
|
Enclose - chenne
|
|
Entangle - misanne
|
|
Enter - ateinne
|
|
Equal - eileinne (to make equal); eileir (adj.)
|
|
Evening - efinarna
|
|
Exchange - eprinne
|
|
Eye - meset (plural: meseten)
|
|
Fade - apenne (v.)
|
|
Fall - deinne (v.); deit (n.) (plural: deiten)
|
|
False - ber
|
|
Fast - coer
|
|
Fear - aord'eilet (n.); aord'eilenne (v.)
|
|
Fertile - buer
|
|
Fire - lert
|
|
First - ban-
|
|
Flame - lert
|
|
Flesh - agireilet (no sing. or plural) - implies scales on dragons
|
|
Flirt - jacusenne (v.); jacuerao/jacueraa (n.)
|
|
Float - teiganne
|
|
Fly - vonne
|
|
Food - candot [no singular or plural]
|
|
For - vi
|
|
Forest - peaaira [singular or plural]
|
|
Forever - vrara
|
|
>From - e
|
|
Game - jolet
|
|
Gate - ateit (plural: ateiten)
|
|
Gift - ecolt
|
|
Give - ecolnne
|
|
Glance - garmeset (n.), garmesenne (v.)
|
|
Govern - nandanne
|
|
Great - keir
|
|
Green - ior (emerald green)
|
|
Grow - danne
|
|
Guide - kaisenne (v.)
|
|
kaiserao/kaiseraa (n.)
|
|
Kaiser Daerao/Kaiser Daeraa (title)
|
|
Happen - oluinne
|
|
Hard - tondar
|
|
Harden - tondanne
|
|
Have - aianne
|
|
Heal - genne
|
|
Heat - ler
|
|
He - aeo
|
|
Her - k'aea
|
|
Here - cai
|
|
Hers - k'aea
|
|
Hide - aginne
|
|
His - k'aeo
|
|
Hold - aianne
|
|
Home - (pronoun) + cai e.g. Ieocai/Ieacai ("my home")
|
|
Horn - gaurisart (animal)
|
|
Horse - scov [plural: scovten]
|
|
How - temaga
|
|
Hug - echenne (v); echet (n) (plural: echeten)
|
|
Human - gaurert (regular dragons)/tander eilert (shapechangers)
|
|
I - ieo (masculine)/iea (feminine)
|
|
Ice - tondargaet
|
|
Identify - glinne
|
|
If - glaa
|
|
In - na
|
|
Increase - danne
|
|
Instruct - sarnne
|
|
It - ae
|
|
Its - k'aen
|
|
Joke - jolernne (v.); jolererdot (n.)
|
|
Jungle - misardat
|
|
Kapati - voreusaut [plural: voreusauten]
|
|
Knife - ket (plural: keten)
|
|
Language - erdoten
|
|
Large - keir
|
|
Law - nandat
|
|
Lead - kaisenne (v.)
|
|
Leader - kaiserao/kaiseraa
|
|
Kaiser Daerao/Kaiser Daeraa (title)
|
|
Learn - kemenne
|
|
Life - eilet (sentient beings)
|
|
- gauret (animals)
|
|
Lips - sitauaietna (no singular)
|
|
Live - eilenne (sentient beings)
|
|
gaurenne (animals)
|
|
Love - sebenne
|
|
Lung - niecai [plural: niecaiten]
|
|
Magic - erondenne (to make magic)
|
|
erondet (n.) (plural: erondeten)
|
|
Magician - erondeao/erondeaa
|
|
Eronder Daerao/Eronder Daeraa (title)
|
|
Make - kelisenne
|
|
Marsh - misargaet [plural: misargaeten]
|
|
Melt - loegausgaenne
|
|
Mine - k'ieo (masculine)/k'iea (feminine)
|
|
Money - aiat (plural: aiaten)
|
|
Moon - alemat (plural: alematen)
|
|
Morning - oiorna
|
|
Mouse - tue (plural: tueten)
|
|
Mountain - see [plural: seeten]
|
|
Mouth - isatcai (plural: isatcaiten)
|
|
Move - ganne
|
|
Multiplication - buet
|
|
Multiply - buenne
|
|
My - k'ieo (masculine)/k'iea (feminine)
|
|
Near - ast
|
|
Net - chermisanne (v.),chermisat (n.), (plural: chermisaten)
|
|
New - ateir
|
|
News - oluiten
|
|
Night - efinacai
|
|
No - d'na
|
|
North - aana
|
|
Northern - aanar
|
|
Northeast- aagana
|
|
Northeastern - aaganar
|
|
Northwest- aaduna
|
|
Northwestern - aadunar
|
|
Not - da
|
|
Nothing - d'naya
|
|
Occur - oluinne
|
|
Ocean - kaergaet
|
|
Of - kor (possessive) becomes k' before vowels
|
|
- ra (non-possessive) becomes r' before vowels
|
|
Offer - ecolnne
|
|
On - ni
|
|
One - ban
|
|
Or - ouso (exculsive)
|
|
ouse (inclusive)
|
|
Pale - apenne (v.); aper (adj.)
|
|
Path - kaiset (plural: kaiseten)
|
|
Pet - aiart (plural: aiarten) refers to animals only
|
|
- aiarya (plural: aiaryaten) term of endearment
|
|
Pierce - isnne
|
|
Piercing - isar
|
|
Play - jolernne (v.)
|
|
Player - jolereo/jolerea
|
|
Please - sitauaienne (to make happy)
|
|
Pleasure - sitauaiet
|
|
Priest - kaiserao/kaiseraa ("guide"/lowest level)
|
|
Kaiser Daerao/Kaiser Daeraa ("Sir or Lady Guide"/middle)
|
|
Keis Kaiser Daerao/Keis Kaiser Daeraa
|
|
("Skillful Sir or Lady Guide"/upper)
|
|
Ras'eileir Kaiserao/Kaiseraa
|
|
("Guide without Equal"/supreme)
|
|
Note that a dragon priest would likely equal a human
|
|
scholar, professor or really good librarian.
|
|
Pregnant - buer
|
|
Preothai - kaer surga [plural: kaer surgaten]
|
|
Property - aiart (plural: aiarten)
|
|
Pure - oior
|
|
Purple - donar
|
|
Quicksand- misarseris [no plural or singular]
|
|
Race - oionne (v.); oiot (n.)
|
|
Rapids - oiorgaet (no singular or plural)
|
|
Read - glinne + readable noun
|
|
Recognize- glinne
|
|
Red - egur
|
|
Reproduce- buenne
|
|
River - gargaet [plural: gargaet]
|
|
Road - kaiset (plural: kaiseten)
|
|
Roast - selanne (v.)
|
|
Rule - nandanne (v.), nandat (n.)
|
|
Run - coinne
|
|
Rush - oionne (v.)
|
|
Sand - seris (no singular or plural)
|
|
Sandstorm- seris oiorerua
|
|
Scale - meranne (v.)
|
|
Scratch - kedenne (v.); kedet (n.)(plural: kedeten)
|
|
Seagull - vot ra kaergaet [plural: voten ra kaergaet]
|
|
Secret - agir (adj.); agit (n.) [plural: agiten]
|
|
See - mesenne
|
|
Shape - autnne (v.); autet (n.)
|
|
Sharp - isar
|
|
She - aea
|
|
Shine - alemnne (reflect light)
|
|
Shore - serisna
|
|
Sing - eesenne
|
|
Skillful - keir
|
|
Skin - agireilet (no sing. or plural) - implies scales on dragons
|
|
Sleep - nondanne(v.); nondat (n.)
|
|
Slide - eusaunne
|
|
Slink - eusaunne
|
|
Slip - eusaunne
|
|
Slither - eusaunne
|
|
Small - aor
|
|
Smile - sitauaietnanne (v.); sitauaietnat (n.)
|
|
Snack - acit (small refreshment offered by host)
|
|
Snake - eusaut (plural: eusauten)
|
|
Snare - misanne (v), misat (n.) (plural: misaten)
|
|
Soar - meranne
|
|
Soil - aun (no sing. or plural)
|
|
Solve - genne
|
|
Song - eeset (plural: esseten) - more like song + poetry
|
|
Soothe - genne
|
|
South - dina
|
|
Southern - dinar
|
|
Southeast- digana
|
|
Southeastern - diganar
|
|
Southwest- diduna
|
|
Southwestern - didunar
|
|
Speak - erdonne
|
|
Spear - isart (plural: isarten)
|
|
Spider - surga (plural: surgaten)
|
|
Spring - iorcai
|
|
Stairs - merat
|
|
Stairway - meraten
|
|
Steal - geunne
|
|
Stone - tond
|
|
Storm - oiorerua [no singular or plural]
|
|
Sunset - efinana
|
|
Swamp - misargaet [plural: misargaeten]
|
|
Swift - coer
|
|
Sword - keirket (plural: keirketen)
|
|
Talk - erdonne
|
|
Take - acinne
|
|
Tan - selanne (v.); apesselar (adj.)
|
|
Teach - sarnne
|
|
Tease - jacusenne (v.); jacuerao/jacueraa (n.) (sexual connotations)
|
|
- jolernne (v.); jolerao/joleraa (n.) (non-sexual connotations)
|
|
That - oit
|
|
Their - k'aeon (masculine)/k'aean (feminine)/k'aen (mixed or neuter)
|
|
These - oisen
|
|
Thirst - serisar isatcai (n.); aianne serisar istacai (v.)
|
|
Thirsty - serisas isatcair (adj.); aianne serisar isatcai (to be thirsty)
|
|
This - ois
|
|
They - aeon (Masculine)/aean (Feminine)/aen (mixed or neuter)
|
|
Those - oiten
|
|
Throat - erdotcai
|
|
To - ol
|
|
Tool - keliset
|
|
Tooth - isat (plural: isaten)
|
|
Toy - jolet
|
|
Trade - eprinne
|
|
Trap - misanne (v), misat (n.) (plural: misaten)
|
|
True - rei
|
|
Turtle - tandertondat [plural: tandertondaten]
|
|
Uma - tandertondat ra kaergaet [also: uma, with a plural of umaten]
|
|
Understand kemenne
|
|
Unicorn - scov hi gaurisart [also: sund (from xund), plural: sundeten]
|
|
Up - meracai
|
|
Walk - tandenne
|
|
Warm - ler
|
|
- lererua [weather]
|
|
Wash - gaenne
|
|
Water - gaet
|
|
We - ieon (masculine)/iean (feminine)/ien (mixed or neuter)
|
|
Weave - rignne
|
|
West - duna
|
|
Western - dunar
|
|
Wet - gaer
|
|
What - toit
|
|
When - teolui
|
|
Where - tena
|
|
While - tine
|
|
White - oior
|
|
Who - tekeme
|
|
Whose - taia
|
|
Why - teile
|
|
Wind - erua [no singular or plural]
|
|
With - hi
|
|
Without - rase
|
|
Witness - glinne (v.); glit (n.) [plural: gliten]
|
|
Wizard - keir erondeao/keir erondeaa
|
|
Keis Eronder Daerao/Keis Eronder Daeraa (title)
|
|
Word - erdot
|
|
Work - maganne (v.), magat (n.) (plural: magaten)
|
|
Wound - ketna
|
|
Voice - iine
|
|
Yes - ana
|
|
You - nieo (masculine singular)/niea (feminine singular)
|
|
nieon (masculine plural)/niean (feminine plural)
|
|
nien (mixed or neuter plural)
|
|
Your - kor nieo (masculine)/kor niea (feminine)
|
|
|
|
::::::::::::::
|
|
kingdoms.lang
|
|
::::::::::::::
|
|
|
|
From: Geoff Tuffli <tuff@midway.uchicago.edu>
|
|
Date: Fri, 27 Nov 92 23:57:55 CST
|
|
Message-Id: <CMM.0.90.4.722930275.tuff@ellis.uchicago.edu>
|
|
To: adiederi@liberty.uc.wlu.edu
|
|
Subject: kingdoms.lang
|
|
|
|
Grenoble bgmoser@triton.unm.edu [ E A S T E R N K I N G D O M S ]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-==-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
|
|
-----Se Waerfaest Word-----
|
|
|
|
LANGUAGE
|
|
OF
|
|
THE
|
|
EASTERN
|
|
KINGDOMS
|
|
|
|
|
|
**********NOTE***********
|
|
Symbols commonly used to denote symbols that are used in conjunction
|
|
with the letters
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
Explanation Example English
|
|
Equivalent
|
|
_o would indicate a long o sl_im {slime}
|
|
*p would indicate a silent p *pis {this}
|
|
^ae could indicate long e or a ^aec {oak}
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
unaccented vowels are disregarded.
|
|
ONE VERY IMPORTANT NOTE:
|
|
a lot of the words have ae written as one letter but due to the
|
|
type of keyboard i work with, i can't squeeze them together.
|
|
so if you see [ae], then that's an indication that ae are squeezed
|
|
together.
|
|
***i.e. [ae]fter {after}****
|
|
|
|
ONE FINAL NOTE:
|
|
In the course of typing/speaking, you may wish to leave out all these
|
|
symbols and etc for simplicity of typing and creating less confusion
|
|
with whom you speak with.
|
|
**********************************************************************
|
|
|
|
|
|
I) SPELLING VARIATIONS
|
|
________________________________________
|
|
|format for the following variations: |
|
|
|present English equivalent=EK variation|
|
|
| |
|
|
_________________________________________
|
|
|
|
a=ae,ea f=w ps=sp
|
|
ae=a,aeg,e,ea fn=mn pt=ft
|
|
aei,aeig=aeg g=h,w,x qu=cw
|
|
aeo=ea ge=g sc=s
|
|
b=f gg=cg sce=sc
|
|
c=g,h gi=g sci=sc
|
|
ce=c gu=geo sp=st
|
|
ch=c,h h=c,g t=*p
|
|
ci=c hs=sc,x th=*p
|
|
cs=sc,x i=eo,g,ie,ig,ige,y u=f,ug,v,w
|
|
ct=ht ia=eo uu=-u,w
|
|
d=*p ig=i v=f
|
|
dd=*pd io=eo weo=wo,wu
|
|
ds=ts iu=eo,geo wi=wu
|
|
o=*p iw=eow wo=weo
|
|
e=ae,ea,eg,eo,ie,y k=c wu=w,weo,wo,wy
|
|
ea=ae,a,eo,gea,i m=mn,n wy=weo,wi
|
|
ei=e,eg nc=c(e)n,ng x=cs,hs,sc
|
|
eo=e,ea,geo,i,ie,oe(=e) ng=g(e)n y=e,i,ie,yg
|
|
eu=eo,eow o=a,og
|
|
ew=eow oe=a,ae
|
|
|
|
II) Pronouns
|
|
|
|
Nominative(NOM)---designating of or the case of the subject of a verb
|
|
and the words that agree with it.
|
|
|
|
Accusative(ACC)---designating or in the case of an object of a verb
|
|
or preposition--the objective pronoun.
|
|
|
|
Dative(DAT)-------the case expressing an indirect object.
|
|
|
|
Genitive(GEN)-----designating or in the grammatical case expressing
|
|
possession,source,etc.
|
|
|
|
masculine=m
|
|
feminine=f
|
|
neuter=n
|
|
|
|
Singular Plural
|
|
________________________________________________________________________
|
|
|
|
NOM ic *p_u h_e hit h_eo w_e
|
|
g_e h_ie
|
|
I you he it her we you they
|
|
|
|
ACC m_e *p_e hine hit h_ie _us _eow h_ie
|
|
me it us you they
|
|
|
|
DAT m_e *p_e him him hire _us _eow him
|
|
me you him it(m) her us you them
|
|
|
|
GEN m_in *p_in his his hire _ure _eower hira,heora
|
|
mine your his it(m) her our
|
|
your their(m,f)
|
|
________________________________________________________________________
|
|
<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
|
|
|
|
Singular m&f neuter
|
|
________________________________________________________________________
|
|
NOM hw_a hw[ae]t
|
|
who what
|
|
|
|
ACC hwone hw[ae]t
|
|
when what
|
|
|
|
DAT hw_[ae]m
|
|
whom
|
|
|
|
GEN hw[ae]s
|
|
whose
|
|
________________________________________________________________________
|
|
<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
|
|
|
|
Singular masc neut fem masc neut fem
|
|
________________________________________________________________________
|
|
|
|
NOM se *p[ae]t s_eo *pes
|
|
*pis *p_eos
|
|
<that> <this>
|
|
|
|
ACC *pone *p[ae]t *p_a *pisne *pis *p_as
|
|
<that> <this>
|
|
|
|
DAT *p_[ae]m *p_[ae]m *p_[ae]re *pissum
|
|
*pissum *pisse
|
|
|
|
GEN *p[ae]s *p[ae]s *p_ere
|
|
*pisses *pisses *pisse
|
|
<this>
|
|
|
|
INSTR *p_y *p_y *p[ae]re *p_ys
|
|
*p_ys *pisse
|
|
_______________________________________________________________________
|
|
Plural
|
|
NOM *p_a *p_as
|
|
<that> <these>
|
|
|
|
DAT *p_[ae]m *pissum
|
|
<these>
|
|
|
|
GEN *p_ara *pissa
|
|
<there> <these>
|
|
_______________________________________________________________________
|
|
|
|
|
|
III) VERBS
|
|
|
|
*****NOTE******
|
|
the words in <> are usually indicative of
|
|
a third person verb.
|
|
ie--> he dom
|
|
|
|
Common Eng Equivalents VERB
|
|
________________________________________________________________________
|
|
|
|
****A****
|
|
=========================================================================
|
|
|
|
ate aet
|
|
own agen
|
|
are aron
|
|
ask, demand ascian
|
|
|
|
|
|
****B****
|
|
==========================================================================
|
|
become, happen becuman
|
|
command, challenge to fight beodan
|
|
be beon
|
|
bid, urge, demand biddan
|
|
blow, breathe blawan
|
|
borrow, lend borgian
|
|
bring, produce bringan
|
|
brought broht
|
|
bringing brungen
|
|
buy bycgan {w/aet}
|
|
|
|
|
|
****C****
|
|
===========================================================================
|
|
know(s) cann<cunnon>
|
|
can, could canne
|
|
care, grief caru
|
|
choose(s) ceosan<curon>
|
|
chew, consume, gnaw, eat ceowan
|
|
clean, clear claen
|
|
climb climman, climban
|
|
call, summon clipian
|
|
mumble clumian
|
|
chosen coren
|
|
knew cupe
|
|
|
|
****D****
|
|
============================================================================
|
|
does doan
|
|
do don<dom>
|
|
drinks drinc=drync drincan
|
|
drop dropian
|
|
drunk druncen
|
|
did dyde
|
|
|
|
****E****
|
|
============================================================================
|
|
am eom
|
|
eat etan
|
|
|
|
****F****
|
|
============================================================================
|
|
feel felan
|
|
fall fellan
|
|
fight, attack feohtan
|
|
feed foda
|
|
forgive, give up forgiefan
|
|
forget forgietian
|
|
free frig, freo
|
|
frees frige
|
|
|
|
****G****
|
|
============================================================================
|
|
play, jest, gamble gamenian
|
|
go, going, gone gan
|
|
give, give in marriage giefan
|
|
yell, scream giellan
|
|
greeting greting
|
|
grow growan
|
|
|
|
****H****
|
|
============================================================================
|
|
have, possess habban<haefp>
|
|
had haefde<hafap>
|
|
hold haldan
|
|
hail, salute halettan
|
|
heal halian
|
|
exorcise halsian
|
|
command, summon, call hatan
|
|
hate hatian
|
|
hating hatung
|
|
cover, conceal helian
|
|
help helpan
|
|
hear, obey, follow hieran
|
|
laugh hlaehan, hliehhan
|
|
listen hlysnan
|
|
hide, conceal, bury, sheathe(sword) hydan
|
|
|
|
****I****
|
|
==========================================================================
|
|
is is
|
|
|
|
****L****
|
|
==========================================================================
|
|
lead, carry laedan
|
|
leave laefan
|
|
lied laeg
|
|
lies lagon
|
|
life, be alive libban
|
|
like, please lician
|
|
lie licgan
|
|
look, see locian
|
|
lose, loss losian
|
|
lock, shut up lucan
|
|
caress, fondle lufian
|
|
love, loving, passion lufu
|
|
|
|
****M****
|
|
==========================================================================
|
|
make, made macian
|
|
mark mearc
|
|
mourn, be sad murnan
|
|
|
|
****O, P****
|
|
==========================================================================
|
|
open, evident open
|
|
|
|
play, frolic plegan
|
|
|
|
****R****
|
|
==========================================================================
|
|
read, counsel raedan (de)
|
|
reading raeding
|
|
roar, bellow, wail rarian
|
|
ripan reap
|
|
rain regen, regn, ren
|
|
arrange renian
|
|
conspire geReonian
|
|
sleep, rest rest
|
|
rule, reign ricsian
|
|
ride ridan
|
|
catch(as fish) geRif
|
|
whisper runian
|
|
roar rynan
|
|
|
|
****S****
|
|
==========================================================================
|
|
saw sawon
|
|
select, regard sceawian
|
|
show(honor) geSceawaian
|
|
see, sees seah
|
|
sold sealde
|
|
sell sellan
|
|
seen seon
|
|
sat seten
|
|
sigh sican
|
|
sink sincan
|
|
sing, recite singan
|
|
sit, perch sittan
|
|
smoke smoca
|
|
speak sprecan
|
|
stand, still, stay, stop standan
|
|
steal stelan
|
|
stood stod
|
|
|
|
****T****
|
|
==========================================================================
|
|
teach, direct taecan
|
|
talk, reckon talian
|
|
tear, lacerate, rend teran
|
|
think thencan
|
|
throw thrawan
|
|
annoy, irritate tienan
|
|
tickle tinclian
|
|
trap traeppe
|
|
tread tredan
|
|
trample; investigate treddan
|
|
separate, divide togan
|
|
|
|
****W****
|
|
===========================================================================
|
|
be born wacan
|
|
wake, woke, etc wacian
|
|
wash wacsan, wascan
|
|
were waeron
|
|
was waes
|
|
washes waxan
|
|
walk, whirl, roll wealcan
|
|
work, building weorc
|
|
wear, defend werian
|
|
been wesan
|
|
will willan, wile
|
|
toil, suffer, protest winnan
|
|
win, gain, take geWinnan
|
|
would wolde
|
|
washed wose, weox
|
|
draw, write writan
|
|
wound wund
|
|
wonder, miracle wundor
|
|
=============================================================================
|
|
|
|
|
|
Well, that's the verbs section......
|
|
next will be prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections
|
|
and if that's not enough, maybe more.
|
|
|
|
Grenoble
|
|
|
|
::::::::::::::
|
|
ohs.lang
|
|
::::::::::::::
|
|
|
|
From: Geoff Tuffli <tuff@midway.uchicago.edu>
|
|
Date: Fri, 27 Nov 92 23:58:21 CST
|
|
Message-Id: <CMM.0.90.4.722930301.tuff@ellis.uchicago.edu>
|
|
To: adiederi@liberty.uc.wlu.edu
|
|
Subject: ohs.lang
|
|
|
|
LANGUAGE IN THE OHS EMPIRE (v.4)
|
|
|
|
Pronunciation:
|
|
jh s as in measure (in standard linguistical terms, it is zh)
|
|
jn said as a dipthong
|
|
lj said as a dipthong
|
|
a ah
|
|
o oh
|
|
e eh
|
|
i ee
|
|
u oo
|
|
oh said like "ho" except said deeper in your throat, with
|
|
a stronger "oh" sound, somewhat like huffing the
|
|
sound
|
|
ssh said as a dipthong, start by making an "ss" sound then
|
|
merge it into a "sh" sound
|
|
ae ah-eh, not quite a dipthong, still two distinct sounds
|
|
eo eh-oh, not quite a dipthong, still two distinct sounds
|
|
ie ee-eh, not quite a dipthong, still two distinct sounds
|
|
ue oo-eh, not quite a dipthong, still two distinct sounds
|
|
x z, the only word this is used in in modern usage is
|
|
"xund", or "unicorn"
|
|
g g as in goat
|
|
ts ts as in cats
|
|
th always soft, as in thin (as opposed to the th in there)
|
|
c gutteral ch is in the Scottish pronunciation of ch in
|
|
loch, a very uncommon sound
|
|
ah said like "ha" except huffing slightly as you say it,
|
|
making it softer
|
|
ih said like "he" except huffing slightly as you say it,
|
|
making it softer
|
|
j j as in jester
|
|
|
|
|
|
NOTE: there is no stress, pitch is used to emphasize or convey
|
|
subtler emotion
|
|
|
|
|
|
Grammar:
|
|
The language has no real distinction between a noun and an adjective.
|
|
An -i ending is usually the ending of a word or compound word. So, two words,
|
|
huni (meaning horse, association with horses, or horse-like) and dasi (meaning
|
|
soldier, fighter, or warrior) could be combined to hundasi or dashuni (note
|
|
that "dashuni" would be pronounced das-huni, not dash-uni). Hundasi, thus,
|
|
means horse-warrior, or a mounted soldier.
|
|
|
|
In addition, there is no real pluralization, so hundasi could mean
|
|
a single horseman or an army of them, or horsemen in general. Expressing
|
|
plurals relies on attaching to it a word indicating number, either the exact
|
|
number, or, more commonly, a general one roughly analogous to English's
|
|
"few", "some", and "many", though somewhat more precise.
|
|
|
|
Compound words can be made up of more than two parts. So, the word
|
|
raki (meaning bow) could be added to hundasi to form the word "hunrakdasi"
|
|
or "rakhundasi" or "hundasraki". In actual practice, it should be noted that
|
|
only one of these possible combinations is used for a particular word. So,
|
|
a horseman is always referred to as "hundasi", not as "dashuni", though if
|
|
you were to use the latter compound, you would be understood, although it
|
|
would sound odd to the listener.
|
|
|
|
Generally, those words which do not take the -i ending are arranged
|
|
in a slightly different manner. They are grouped as if they were an adjective
|
|
in front of a noun. This is also sometimes used to emphasize a particular
|
|
aspect of the compound word. So, the commander of the horsemen in an army
|
|
(tarni means lord, approximately) would likely be referred to as the Tarn
|
|
Hundasi. Note that in this case, the -i ending was stripped from tarn. The
|
|
most relevant aspect of the compound word, if one exists, is placed near the
|
|
beginning, so Tarn Hundasi would emphasize that the more important aspect
|
|
was the Tarn-ishness, and only after that they were of horsemen. One could
|
|
also call such a person a hundastarni, with this de-emphasizing the fact that
|
|
they are a commander, and placing more importance on their connection with
|
|
horseman-ness.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Verbs do not have, by themselves, any tense or reference to the
|
|
subject. There is one form, and the only way you can tell its tense is by
|
|
context or by the presence of another word that indicates when it happens.
|
|
Noun/Adjectives can be made into verbs by the addition of an ending "sh",
|
|
that, if the Noun/Adjective ends in a consonent, is instead "ash". Forming
|
|
a verb this way usually indicates "the process of". So the word for mask,
|
|
"sha", could be made into the verb "to mask" by adding -th to form "shash".
|
|
|
|
In important note is that there is no verb "to be", rather in the
|
|
absence of another verb, it is assumed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
All verbs, even those without Noun/Adjective roots, end in -sh.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The word order is: subject - (indirect object) - object - verb
|
|
(Poetry, by the way, is almost always designed so as to rhyme from the
|
|
_beginning_ of a phrase, rather than the end.) Clauses can be added on
|
|
one after another with only a short pause seperating them from one another.
|
|
|
|
Adverbs are not used at all. To indicate, for example, that an
|
|
action is done "quickly", one merely adds the necessary word onto the
|
|
subject. "Kabi", meaning "quickly", added to "oshash" or "to become
|
|
civilized", would create the verb "to become civilized quickly", or
|
|
"kaboshash".
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vocabulary:
|
|
The following is a list of the vocabulary that I have come up with.
|
|
I intend to update it and expand it as I have time.
|
|
|
|
ANIMALS
|
|
dubogula - dragon
|
|
xund - unicorn
|
|
preothai - a non-poisonous spider about 1 foot in diameter that builds
|
|
amazingly intricate and extensive webs.
|
|
uma - a large sea turtle about 12 feet in diameter that has been used as
|
|
a beast or burden.
|
|
kapati - a flying, poisonous snake. The poison is paralytic.
|
|
huni - horse
|
|
pai - a small bird, somewhat like a sparrow
|
|
resethi - seagull
|
|
likai - mouse
|
|
bothark - a huge, lumbering omnivorous creature about 20 feet long covered
|
|
by huge bony plates and several lines of spikes on its face.
|
|
Though not bright, it is exceedly vicious, and very strong.
|
|
They are sometimes used in much the same way as bulls are in
|
|
Spain.
|
|
kedishi - jackal
|
|
prei - spider
|
|
kapi - snake
|
|
manisi - cat
|
|
tibi - fish
|
|
jhasi - human
|
|
kebi - rat
|
|
sasshai - sheep
|
|
elenbi - cow/bull
|
|
nename - goat
|
|
pochai - pig/hog
|
|
|
|
CLOTHING:
|
|
kutari - a long-sleeved tunic commonly worn by nobles or on formal occassions.
|
|
Usually has woven into it stylized representations of animals
|
|
or other simpler designs. It extends over the hips.
|
|
panakutari - a short-sleeved kutari that is designed to be worn with a sath.
|
|
sath - a white dress-like garment worn underneath a panakutari. It extends
|
|
to the wrists and down to the ankles. While it can be worn
|
|
by both sexes, it is usually only worn by women. Like a kutari,
|
|
it is slid over the head.
|
|
umari - pants. They split on either side for a few inches, and necessitate an
|
|
underbelt to hold them on. An overbelt is usually worn over
|
|
the kutari itself.
|
|
tasmatashi - soft leather boots of a kind commonly worn in the Ohs Empire. The
|
|
soles of the feet are made of specially hardened leather that
|
|
is segmented into several overlapping pieces to make the entire
|
|
footwear easier to walk in. It can go as low as the ankle or
|
|
as high as just below the knee.
|
|
|
|
NATURE:
|
|
sejn - cliffs or escarpment
|
|
marn - sea or ocean
|
|
separai - swamp, fens, or marshland
|
|
lebai - water
|
|
ani lebai - river
|
|
ani - movement or flow
|
|
korgo - earth or soil
|
|
batami - wind
|
|
shimiasi - sand storm
|
|
iasi - sand
|
|
gari - rock
|
|
ejhakiladani - inferno
|
|
ejhake - warmth or heat
|
|
dani - fire
|
|
potam - fertile soil or loam
|
|
talati - forest or woodland
|
|
lati - wood
|
|
|
|
COLORS:
|
|
soti - rust red or blood red
|
|
tosoti - orange
|
|
kosoti - orangish-pink
|
|
ketina - light blue
|
|
lei - deep blue
|
|
paryani - yellow
|
|
ithilyai - purple
|
|
gloi - black
|
|
parai - white
|
|
shintisayaki - gold
|
|
kothoi - tan or brown
|
|
kelji - light green
|
|
hanalji - forest green
|
|
|
|
MILITARY:
|
|
raki - longbow
|
|
mavi - skilled or skillful
|
|
mavraki - elite longbow soldiers of the Ohs Empire
|
|
dasi - soldier, warrior, or fighter
|
|
hundasi - elite dragoons of the Ohs Empire
|
|
shei - weapon used by the hundasi, it is a double-ended sword-spear with
|
|
four spikes angling out of a right angle below the blade
|
|
on one of the ends.
|
|
losshi - army (100,000 soldiers or 10 daumshi)
|
|
dalosshi - host (all of the losshi raised for a campaign)
|
|
losshil - grand host
|
|
pakimi - battlegroup (10 soldiers)
|
|
dapakimi - cohort (100 soldiers or 10 pakimi)
|
|
umshi - legion (1000 soldiers or 10 dapakimi)
|
|
daumshi - regiment (10,000 soldiers or 10 umshi)
|
|
imnak - sword (two-handed grip, relatively short lengthed blade)
|
|
thei - axe used in the Ohs Empire, has a triangular blade, one side of which
|
|
lays face-on the shaft.
|
|
panathei - axe the size of a small dagger
|
|
korojhi - spear, used only in the Imperial armies, not in any of the House
|
|
forces.
|
|
yomak - blood
|
|
|
|
ENDINGS:
|
|
-l/il - the most
|
|
-ka - lacking or without
|
|
|
|
TIME:
|
|
atana - year of 320 days
|
|
mesthia - time it takes for Ea to pass by a particular point on the Jovian
|
|
planet it circles - works out to about 40 days.
|
|
para - week of 8 days
|
|
yundi - day
|
|
|
|
ENTERTAINMENT:
|
|
radi - dancer or entertainer
|
|
mavi - skilled
|
|
mavradi - acrobatic dancer-mimes who wear masks and are noted for their
|
|
incredible skill at dancing/acrobatics and their habit of
|
|
never speaking and going masked most of the time.
|
|
sha - mask
|
|
jhugoloroiri - travelling jugglers/stage-magicians
|
|
papadai - the colored rubber balls used by jhugoloroiri in their acts
|
|
foditei - court bard, serves a respected position, often also a Lord's
|
|
advisor, and often as well as the historian and even at
|
|
times as a teacher of ethics and morality.
|
|
tastraba - drum
|
|
pelipe - flat-harp
|
|
|
|
SORCERY and the MYSTERIES:
|
|
shadu - spirit, soul, or animus
|
|
shaduka - one who is without soul, souless
|
|
sae - mana, the intangible power omnipresent that sorcery taps as a source
|
|
of enery
|
|
saemavi - a sorceror
|
|
saemavil - the most competent sorceror; the title is usually reserved for
|
|
the ritual-master of the House of the Unicorn.
|
|
|
|
DESCRIPTIVE NOUNS:
|
|
panai - short or brief
|
|
spiristi - tall, high, or proud
|
|
spiristika - humble
|
|
sshasi - happy or pleased
|
|
sshasika - grim
|
|
chayuli - angry
|
|
chayulil - enraged
|
|
chayulika - calm
|
|
falji - long distance or time
|
|
kabi - quickness or quickly
|
|
|
|
CONSTRUCTIONS:
|
|
kohn - home, den, or place-of-retreat
|
|
vatani - fortified place, castle, or wall
|
|
amani - road
|
|
zelati - bridge
|
|
|
|
PARTS of the BODY:
|
|
eshi - back of head or skull
|
|
patani - face
|
|
mei - eyes
|
|
saspi - ears
|
|
koton - belly or abdomen
|
|
garaki - chest or ribs
|
|
haspiki - fingers or hand
|
|
temdi - arms
|
|
karei - tongue
|
|
listhimiki - legs
|
|
|
|
PRONOUNS:
|
|
hami - me, I, us, or we
|
|
tomi - you
|
|
kari - he, she, it, them, or they
|
|
|
|
** To make pronouns possessive, merely integrate them into
|
|
object that is being possessed. So "my horse" would be
|
|
said, "hunhami" **
|
|
|
|
|
|
INDICATIVES:
|
|
oi - this or these
|
|
ai - that or those
|
|
|
|
** These can be used alone, as in, "I want THAT," or they
|
|
can be used in combination with a word. So in the phrase,
|
|
"I want THAT TUNIC," the object would be "kutaroi" **
|
|
|
|
|
|
INTERROGATIVES:
|
|
kanaputai - what
|
|
manaraputai - who
|
|
tokiputai - where
|
|
hokonoputai - why
|
|
patanaputai - when
|
|
teloijhuputai - how or in what way
|
|
na - ending after a verb to indicate that the sentence is a query
|
|
|
|
** "Whose" would be formed by combining "manaraputai" and
|
|
the appropriate object. So "whose house" would be
|
|
"kohnmanaraputai" **
|
|
|
|
** "Where is this", for example, would be "tokiputai" and
|
|
"oi" for "This is where?" or "Oi tokiputai na?" **
|
|
|
|
|
|
CONJUNCTIONS and OTHERS:
|
|
pa - and
|
|
ka - or
|
|
chan - if
|
|
eba - no or wrong ("nothing" would be "ebai")
|
|
kaba - yes or correct ("something" would be "kabai")
|
|
|
|
POSTPOSITIONS:
|
|
kot - while
|
|
sham - to
|
|
peloki - from
|
|
chessh - within
|
|
ben - on
|
|
taman - under
|
|
kras - over
|
|
yas - around
|
|
|
|
** These all function as prepositions, except
|
|
for that they all are placed at the end of
|
|
a word or clause rather than the beginning
|
|
as it is in English **
|
|
|
|
|
|
TIME RELATIONS:
|
|
charn - before or earlier (past)
|
|
karn - after or later (future)
|
|
tok - now (present)
|
|
barana - still
|
|
|
|
CONDITIONS of BEING:
|
|
lanami - sleep or sleeping
|
|
gebrani - growing
|
|
panagebrani - shrinking
|
|
palari - falling
|
|
ko - thought or thinking
|
|
loi - entrance or entering
|
|
lamani - gift or giving
|
|
ahsi - glowing
|
|
ahsika - dampened
|
|
manai - possessing or holding (implies non-permanence and/or non-ownership)
|
|
matai - pregnant
|
|
esatsi - sick
|
|
elebi - love or loving
|
|
nalabi - doing
|
|
dardani - sight or seeing
|
|
pelebi - play or playing
|
|
ueni - movement or moving
|
|
|
|
** Distinguishing whether someone "is grown" as opposed to
|
|
someone "growing" is done by using different sequences.
|
|
"Growing" is used as a verb, by adding "-sh" to the root.
|
|
That someone "is grown" is done by using the "grown" as
|
|
the object and adding a present tensesual marker ("tok").
|
|
So, to say that "I am grown" or "I am grown, now" you
|
|
would say, "Tok hami gebrani". "I am growing" would be
|
|
said, "Hami gebranish". **
|
|
|
|
OTHER WORDS
|
|
pahn - bowl
|
|
ohrti - tong-like eating utensil used in the Ohs Empire
|
|
daparathei - knife (intended mostly for an eating utensil)
|
|
borga - horns
|
|
kepichi - saddle
|
|
hadri - map
|
|
pohthi - banner
|
|
|
|
|
|
More Grammar:
|
|
|
|
Possessives: Possessives can be accomplished in two different ways.
|
|
The first has already been explained, and is only used with pronouns. Horse,
|
|
"huni" and me or my, "hami" can be combined in this way to mean "my horse",
|
|
or "hunhami". The second way is slightly more complex.
|
|
The expression 'la- is stuck after the possessor and before the
|
|
object. Furthermore, the -i ending on the possessor is deleted (which is
|
|
where the ' comes from. So, "my horse" could, in addition to "hunhami", be
|
|
expressed by saying: ham'la-huni. This can be extended even farther, for
|
|
example, if you wanted to say "my horse's saddle" you could say either
|
|
"hunham'la-kepichi" or "ham'la-hun'la-kepichi".
|
|
In cases where the noun does not end in -i, there are two ways to
|
|
deal with this, depending upon whether the word ends with "la" already or
|
|
with some other ending. If the word ends with "la", such as in the word for
|
|
dragon, or "dubogula", than the 'la- expression is changed to be-. To indicate
|
|
"the dragon's horns" you would thus say: dubogulabe-borga. Note that the
|
|
apostraphe is not used, as there is nothing to be replaced.
|
|
In all other cases where the word ends in something other than -i,
|
|
the expression becomes merely la-. So the phrase for "the drummer's horse"
|
|
would be: potastrabala-huni.
|
|
The expression 'la- is in fact an expression of location, as opposed
|
|
to expressed ownership. If you wish to make the distinction between owning
|
|
something as opposed to merely possessing it, use the empression 'za- in place
|
|
of 'la-. In cases where the word ends in "za" already, the za- is retained,
|
|
unlike 'la-.
|
|
|
|
Examples: to say "The horse you are riding is mine" in order of
|
|
most frequently used to least...
|
|
|
|
1) Huntomi ham'za-huni.
|
|
2) Tom'la-huni ham'za-huni.
|
|
3) Huntomi hunhami.
|
|
4) Tom'la-huni hunhami.
|
|
|
|
Vocabulary (continued):
|
|
|
|
CELESTIAL BODIES
|
|
ea - the name of the world
|
|
pelava - the name of the yello-green gas giant planet that Ea circles
|
|
zara - the sun (it appears smaller than our own due to the distance)
|
|
puloi - the small moon that orbits between Ea and Pelava
|
|
krasshei - the third moon of Pelava (including Ea)
|
|
mern - the fourth moon of Pelava (including Ea)
|
|
merna - the fifth moon of Pelava (including Ea)
|
|
toarn - a moon
|
|
|
|
NUMBERS
|
|
ebai - nothing, none, or zero
|
|
sor - one
|
|
hak - two
|
|
be - three
|
|
nem - four
|
|
pajhni - five
|
|
lar - six
|
|
laman - seven
|
|
sutei - eight
|
|
fan - nine
|
|
osshla - ten
|
|
pulassha - hundred
|
|
hinasshra - thousand
|
|
kloi - (multiplier indicative)
|
|
|
|
** Examples: 10 osshla
|
|
15 osshla pajhni
|
|
32 be-kloi-osshla hak
|
|
109 pulassha fan
|
|
820 sutei-kloi-pulassha hak-kloi-osshla
|
|
3116 be-kloi-hinasshra pulassha osshla lar **
|
|
|
|
** Examples of Counting: Four moons.
|
|
There are four moons.
|
|
(Moons four are.)
|
|
Toran nem.
|
|
|
|
Look at the four moons.
|
|
(You moons-four look.)
|
|
Tomi torannem meish.
|
|
NOTE: "meish" is "mei" (eye) + "sh" (verb-ending) **
|
|
|
|
::::::::::::::
|
|
petrocea.lang
|
|
::::::::::::::
|
|
|
|
From: Geoff Tuffli <tuff@midway.uchicago.edu>
|
|
Date: Fri, 27 Nov 92 23:58:40 CST
|
|
Message-Id: <CMM.0.90.4.722930320.tuff@ellis.uchicago.edu>
|
|
To: adiederi@liberty.uc.wlu.edu
|
|
Subject: petrocea.lang
|
|
|
|
Cather/Rostar dwb@krypton.mankato.msus.edu [ P E T R O C E A ]
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Petrocean tongue is a very rich tongue, also very ancient.
|
|
It is descended directly from the tongue of the Elementals, which
|
|
are so much a part of life in Petrocea. This is by no means a
|
|
complete dictionary. I only took random words or words I found
|
|
I needed to know for MUSH purposes and translated them into
|
|
Petrocean. More will come out later. As it stands, here is the
|
|
structure of this file:
|
|
|
|
I. Alphabet
|
|
A. Pronunciation
|
|
B. Vowels
|
|
II. Sentence Structure
|
|
III. Dictionary
|
|
A. Nouns
|
|
B. Verbs
|
|
C. Descriptive Terms
|
|
1) Adjectives/Adverbs
|
|
2) Colors
|
|
3) Numbers
|
|
4) Shapes
|
|
IV. Special
|
|
A. Clothing
|
|
B. Weapons
|
|
|
|
I hope to have the following finished in two days or less:
|
|
Body parts
|
|
Weather expressions
|
|
Greetings
|
|
Magic-specific words
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alphabet
|
|
--------
|
|
|
|
a
|
|
b
|
|
c
|
|
d
|
|
e
|
|
f
|
|
g
|
|
h
|
|
i
|
|
j
|
|
k
|
|
l
|
|
m
|
|
n
|
|
o
|
|
p
|
|
q
|
|
r
|
|
s
|
|
t
|
|
u
|
|
v
|
|
w
|
|
y
|
|
fl
|
|
sh
|
|
oa
|
|
|
|
Pronunciation:
|
|
Letter/Combination English Counterpart
|
|
---------------------------------------------------
|
|
fl sh - shoe
|
|
sh ss - hiss
|
|
c hard c - cake
|
|
ee long a - make
|
|
a short o - pop
|
|
o always long o - toad
|
|
oa unpronouncable by native
|
|
English-speakers.
|
|
ua oy - boy
|
|
e long e - teeth
|
|
ea short e - bed
|
|
ar er - helper
|
|
aa short a - cat
|
|
uh oo - foot
|
|
que kay - okay
|
|
g between two vowels, hard - give
|
|
otherwise, soft - gel
|
|
gh z - jazz
|
|
|
|
List of Petrocean Vowels:
|
|
a,e,i,h,o,u,y,oa
|
|
|
|
Sentence Structure
|
|
------------------
|
|
|
|
Sentence structure is very similar to English:
|
|
Subject Verb D.O. I.O.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Brief listing of Nouns:
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
|
|
Eastern Kingdoms - Shal'Pafl'Pufer
|
|
Iniel - Eanual
|
|
Ohs Empire - ksoafl
|
|
Petrocea - Shal'Manto'Armekt
|
|
admiral - armekt'ua
|
|
air - altist
|
|
animal - mir-pe'lloute
|
|
bay - shal'ua
|
|
beast - llout
|
|
being(alive) - viv'pekt
|
|
being(dead) - pek'viv-pe
|
|
body - ksuh
|
|
boy - fej'oxta
|
|
brain - rebma
|
|
captain - pefl'ua
|
|
child - pekt'fej
|
|
conjurer - falist'oxta
|
|
conjuress - falist'fert
|
|
country - shalkt
|
|
district - shal'keep'mir-pe
|
|
duchess - keep
|
|
duchy - shal'keep
|
|
duke - keep
|
|
element - manto
|
|
elemental - mantist
|
|
emperor - armekt
|
|
empire - shal'armekt
|
|
empress - armekt
|
|
female - cur
|
|
fire - ertist
|
|
general - kaat'shal
|
|
girl - fej'fert
|
|
hill - alt
|
|
horse - lloute'ak
|
|
house - cree
|
|
king - pefl
|
|
kingdom - shal'pefl
|
|
lake - mir-pe'uaksuh
|
|
land - shal
|
|
lord - kaat
|
|
mage - isti
|
|
male - oxta
|
|
man - cur'oxta
|
|
merchant - perst
|
|
monster - lloute'mir
|
|
mountain - elst
|
|
ocean - uaksuh
|
|
person - pekt
|
|
queen - pefl
|
|
river - ki'mir'ua
|
|
rock - rull
|
|
sailor - pekt'ua
|
|
sea - mir'uaksuh
|
|
soldier - kaat'pekt
|
|
spirit - reest
|
|
stone - shal'tist
|
|
stream - ki'ua
|
|
thing - stu
|
|
tool - stu'ilte
|
|
toy - stu'ilte-pe
|
|
tree - arb
|
|
wagon - racosh
|
|
warlock - marist'oxta
|
|
water - uatist
|
|
wind - skept
|
|
witch - marist'fert
|
|
wizard - parist'oxta
|
|
wizardress - parist'fert
|
|
woman - cur'fert
|
|
|
|
Many of these nouns are compound nouns, formed by tacking a modifier
|
|
onto it. When a noun(or any word) has a modifier, the modifier is
|
|
added with a ' between it and the word being modified. Also, some of
|
|
them have the -pe suffix, usually denoting either 'not' or 'opposite'.
|
|
|
|
In formal Petrocean, singular nouns must be accompanied by a -cu prefix.
|
|
In normal speech, the prefix is not necessary.
|
|
|
|
Plural nouns _always_ require the del- prefix.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Brief Listing of Verbs:
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
|
|
ask - cibelsep
|
|
banish - peltrek
|
|
be - chotel
|
|
be gone/be empty - chokitel
|
|
be sick/ill - oskitel
|
|
befriend - fiskatosep
|
|
build - darotrek
|
|
burn - kutirek
|
|
create - mirrek
|
|
curse/swear - mestlesep
|
|
destroy - atarsrek
|
|
die/be dead - wortel
|
|
dislike - akeltsep
|
|
do - nitorek
|
|
drop - telrek
|
|
fall - quelrek
|
|
fight - risktsep
|
|
force - neftarsep
|
|
forget - stapistel
|
|
frown - fastrek
|
|
get/pick up - aspirorek
|
|
give - barsep
|
|
go - kirek
|
|
hate - petairsep
|
|
hit - faradsep
|
|
kick - peltarsep
|
|
kill - trakfrek
|
|
kneel - tostrek
|
|
know - kalitel
|
|
learn - skoiestel
|
|
like - remasep
|
|
live/be alive - vivtel
|
|
lose - takirosep
|
|
love - dopaltsep
|
|
order - fagelrek
|
|
promise/take an oath - parsep
|
|
receive - tarosep
|
|
remember - bouritel
|
|
request - gaspirsep
|
|
ride - aksep
|
|
run - akenrek
|
|
say - sotesep
|
|
send - karrek
|
|
sit - aritofrek
|
|
smile - amonrek
|
|
speak - auktsep
|
|
stand - porek
|
|
stay/be still - belarotel
|
|
summon - astilrek
|
|
talk - flatleesep
|
|
understand - paskittel
|
|
walk - pirek
|
|
want - desitel
|
|
win - astasep
|
|
wish - minorek
|
|
write - talsrek
|
|
|
|
There are 3 basic infinitive suffixes in Petrocean:
|
|
-tel - Usually a state of being something.
|
|
-sep - Normally a verb describing interaction between two things/people.
|
|
-rek - Usually involves action and/or change.
|
|
|
|
Verbs can be modified by adverbs, discussed in the next section, in the
|
|
same way as nouns can be modified by adjectives...tacking the modifier
|
|
onto the word with an '.
|
|
|
|
Verb Conjugation:
|
|
Infinitive Present Past(recent) Past(distant) Future(near)
|
|
Future(distant)
|
|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
-tel below -tal -til -tol -tyl
|
|
-rek below -rak -rik -rok -ryk
|
|
-sep below -sap -sip -sop -syk
|
|
|
|
Present conjugations:
|
|
Infinitive I You(s) He We You(p) They All None
|
|
------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
-tel *drop* -es -lu -no -esh -ku -te -ne
|
|
-rek -j -es -li -nu -esh -ke -te -ne
|
|
-sep *drop* -es -ly -ny -esh -ki -te -ne
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Brief listing of Adjectives/Adverbs:
|
|
------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
alive/live - viv
|
|
alone - toskep
|
|
always - temarel
|
|
angry - kestal
|
|
apparent - crestal
|
|
asleep - cembal
|
|
asleep - cembel
|
|
awake - ferst
|
|
bad - narom
|
|
bare - fantask
|
|
brave - nelros
|
|
childish - fejet
|
|
cold - erst-pe
|
|
confused - retalp
|
|
correct - margam
|
|
courageous - colfe
|
|
customary - alemsanc
|
|
dead - viv-pe
|
|
difficult - bresk
|
|
disobedient - mistar-pe
|
|
dry - uast-pe
|
|
early - sant
|
|
easy - atil
|
|
expected - turin
|
|
fast - rost
|
|
fat - antok
|
|
female - fert
|
|
good - skal
|
|
grand - lespar
|
|
great - makt
|
|
handsome - grella
|
|
happy - telk
|
|
heroic - bacor
|
|
hot - erst
|
|
imperial - amektal
|
|
incorrect - margan-pe
|
|
large - mir
|
|
late - polst
|
|
long - relt
|
|
loud - roist
|
|
magical - istil
|
|
male - oxta
|
|
mandatory - sutme
|
|
mature - curet
|
|
merciful - retolk
|
|
mighty - cather
|
|
never - peftar
|
|
noble - pijal
|
|
noticeable - diphast
|
|
obedient - mistar
|
|
obvious - retob
|
|
often - pretain
|
|
old - dcur
|
|
popular - tolnemehar
|
|
pretty - telsa
|
|
quick - aresta
|
|
quiet - falt
|
|
religious - vlak
|
|
repulsive - tolk
|
|
requested - hutmel
|
|
royal - peflat
|
|
royal - peflat
|
|
sad - tel-pe
|
|
sad - telk-pe
|
|
scared - pralom
|
|
seldom - pretain-pe
|
|
short - relt-pe
|
|
silent - famen
|
|
skinny - porast
|
|
slow - rost-pe
|
|
small - mir-pe
|
|
smart - ilt
|
|
sorry - ceralt
|
|
stupid - ilt-pe
|
|
successful - bekare
|
|
surprised - mastalor
|
|
terrible - vesarm
|
|
together - lotok
|
|
traditional - reestam
|
|
trustworthy - galtep
|
|
ugly - comsel
|
|
unsuccessful - bekare-pe
|
|
upset - simekta
|
|
wet - uast
|
|
young - fej
|
|
|
|
Adverbs are formed quite simply. To form an adverb, you simply add a
|
|
-ty suffix to the adjective. :)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Colors
|
|
------
|
|
|
|
The Petroceans acknowledge only the most basic of colors, with different
|
|
variations on each, usually using 'dark' or 'light'. The dark/light
|
|
modifier is 'telpuh'. It goes before the color for light, and after the
|
|
color for dark.
|
|
|
|
Examples:
|
|
|
|
Red - plok
|
|
Orange - sur
|
|
Green - felt
|
|
Blue - talt
|
|
Purple - ski
|
|
Black - skert
|
|
White - tou
|
|
|
|
Bright red - telpuh'plok
|
|
Dark purple - ski'telpuh
|
|
|
|
NOTE: Colors always come _after_ the noun they modify.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Numbers
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
The Petroceans follow a base ten number system, similar to our own. The
|
|
fact that it is base ten, however, does not mean it isn't complicated as
|
|
hell. Only the well educated in Petrocea are able to say a number out
|
|
loud that is above 100,000 or so. Here is a brief overview of the
|
|
numbering system, with examples.
|
|
|
|
Numbers:
|
|
0 - nal
|
|
1 - fel
|
|
2 - kiera
|
|
3 - ney
|
|
4 - kra
|
|
5 - eli
|
|
6 - mei
|
|
7 - tefl
|
|
8 - nau
|
|
9 - prest
|
|
10 - gou
|
|
100 - gounal
|
|
1000 - karpe
|
|
1,000,000 - toram
|
|
|
|
Examples:
|
|
13 - gou-ney (10 + 3)
|
|
20 - kiera`gou (2 * 10)
|
|
46 - kra`gou-mei [(4 * 10) + 6]
|
|
105 - gounal-eli (100 + 5)
|
|
620 - mei`gounal-kiera`gou [(6 * 100) + (2 * 10)]
|
|
5074 - eli`karpe-tefl`gou-kra [(5 * 1000) + (7 * 10) + 4]
|
|
408,692 - kra`gounal`karpe-nau`karpe-mei`gounal-prest`gou-kiera
|
|
[(4 * 100 * 1000) + (8 * 1000) + (6 * 100) + (9 * 10) + 2]
|
|
37,329,864 -
|
|
ney`gou`toram-tefl`toram-ney`karpe-kiera`gou`karpe-prest`karpe-nau`gounal-
|
|
mei`gou-kra
|
|
[(3 * 10 * 1,000,000) + (7 * 1,000,000) + (300 * 1000) + (2 * 10 * 1000) +
|
|
(9 * 1000) + (8 * 100) + 6 * 10) + 4]
|
|
|
|
Yeah, I know it's attrocious. Too bad, this is IT. :)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shapes
|
|
------
|
|
The word for shape in Petrocean is 'fig'. A shape's name can usually be
|
|
determined by taking the number of sides the shape has and making it
|
|
a modifier of the noun 'fig'. Fig'kra...shape with four sides. The word
|
|
for Square and Rectangle is the same.
|
|
|
|
Examples:
|
|
|
|
Square - fig'kra
|
|
Rectangle - fig'kra
|
|
Circle - fig'temar
|
|
Triangle - fig'ney
|
|
Octagon - fig'nau
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Pentagon - fig'eli
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Hexagon - fig'mei
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Shape - fig
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Clothing
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--------
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Following is a brief list of clothing unique to Petrocea, and somewhat
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popular at this time.
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Artola - Crown, made of gold for Emperor, silver for Kings.
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Baskir - Sweeping robes worn by many males of high rank. Usually either
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red, blue, or black.
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Entamokt - Loose fitting tunic worn by men.
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Pelartan - Hose commonly worn by men.
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Cormaski - Head dress worn by some Warlocks in place of a hood. It
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completely covers any hair, but the face is much more visible
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|
than when a hood is worn.
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Dampush - Pants worn by men...not as tight as hose, but not as loose
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|
as retaska.
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|
Retaska - Very loose fitting pants for men.
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|
Mofler - A commonly worn hooded robe that affords protection from
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the elements. Quite popular among sailors.
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|
Bask - Multi-purpose, unisex hooded robe.
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|
Celtisca - Long flowing dress for women. Usually only worn for
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ceremonial-type occasions.
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|
Nekt - Shorter dress, worn among women of the 'common folk'.
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|
Tuhma - Loose tunic worn by some women.
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|
Roakeshi - Loose pants, normall worn with a tuhma.
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|
Peataruh - Black veil worn by women guilty of adultery.
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Weapons
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|
-------
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|
A short list of some weapons used in Petrocea. Obviously there are quite
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|
a few other weapons used, these are just a few of them.
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|
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quetash - Single edged short sword. Not good for much other than
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hacking away continually at your opponent's vitals.
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|
matergh - Sharp short sword, very popular among sailors.
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|
tuhgosh - Dagger, very effective when thrown correctly. Used often
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|
by assassins.
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|
yeefor - Deadly, small dagger popular among the few magi who deign
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|
to carry material defenses.
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|
gaalpurna - Sword wiith a long, curved blade and a decorative hilt.
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|
terque - Light sword, with a long straight blade. Forged perfectly for
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use by the Imperial Guard.
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|
noktar - Spear carried by foot soldiers of some duchies.
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|
noktpuh - Lance popular with cavalry in some duchies.
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|
capoflt - Two-handed sword, not widely used by anyone in particular
|
|
except perhaps mercenaries.
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|
Tenaske - All purpose shield, used almost universally throughout the
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empire.
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