69 lines
3.1 KiB
Plaintext
69 lines
3.1 KiB
Plaintext
Section One: Before the Great Dark Cloud.
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---------------------------
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Part I: The Intel 4004 (1972)
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The first single chip CPU was the Intel 4004, a 4-bit processor meant for
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a calculator. It processed data in 4 bits, but its instructions were
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8 bits long. Internally, it featured four 12 bit(?) registers which acted as
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an internal evaluation stack. The Stack Pointer pointed to one of these
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registers, not a memory location (only CALL and RET instructions operated on
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the Stack Pointer). There were also sixteen 4-bit (or eight 8-bit) general
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purpose registers
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The 4004 had 46 instructions. Intel created an 8-bit version of this, the
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8008 (intended for a terminal controller).
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[for additional information, see Appendix B]
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Part II: The Intel 4040 and 8080
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The 4040 was compatible with the 4004 instruction set - the 4040 had 60
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instructions, which included the 46 4004 instructions. The 8080 was similar to
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the 4040, except being 8 bits wide.
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The 8080 had a 16 bit address bus, and an 8 bit data bus. Internally it
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had seven 8 bit registers (six which could also be combined as three 16 bit
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registers), a 16 bit stack pointer (the stack was stored in memory, not in an
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internal register set), and 16 bit program counter. It also had several I/O
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ports - 256 of them, so I/O devices could be hooked up without taking away or
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interfering with the addressing space.
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Appearing in IEEE Computer 1972:
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-------------------------------
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NEW
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PRODUCTS
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FEATURE PRODUCT
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COMPUTER ON A CHIP
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Intel has introduced an integrated CPU complete with
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a 4-bit parallel adder, sixteen 4-bit registers, an accumula-
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tor and a push-down stack on one chip. It's one of a
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family of four new ICs which comprise the MCS-4 micro
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computer system--the first system to bring the power and
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flexibility of a dedicated general-purpose computer at low
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cost in as few as two dual in-line packages.
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MSC-4 systems provide complete computing and con-
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trol functions for test systems, data terminals, billing
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machines, measuring systems, numeric control systems
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and process control systems.
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The heart of any MSC-4 system is a Type 4004 CPU,
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which incudes a set of 45 instructions. Adding one or
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more Type 4001 ROMs for program storage and data
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tables gives a fully functioning micro-programmed com-
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puter. Add Type 4002 RAMs for read-write memory and
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Type 4003 registers to expand the output ports.
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Using no curcuitry other than ICs from this family of
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four, a system with 4096 8-bit bytes of ROM storage and
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5120 bits of RAM storage can be created. For rapid
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turn-around or only a few systems, Intel's erasable and
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re-programmable ROM, Type 1701, may be substituted
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for the Type 4001 mask-programmed ROM.
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MCS-4 systems interface easily with switches, key-
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boards, displays, teletypewriters, printers, readers, A-D
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converters and other popular peripherals. For further
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information, circle the reader service card 87 or call Intel
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at (408) 246-7501.
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Circle 87 on Reader Service Card
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COMPUTER/JANUARY/FEBRUARY 1971/71
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