1195 lines
60 KiB
Plaintext
1195 lines
60 KiB
Plaintext
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ÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ÜÛÛÛÛÛÜ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ÜÛÛÛÛÛÜ ÜÛÛÛÛÛÜ ÞÛÛÝ ÜÛÛÛÛÛÜ ÜÛÛÛÛÛÜ
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ÛÛÜÜÜÛß ÛÛÜÜÜÛß ÛÛÜÜÜÜ ÛÛÜÜÜÛß ÛÛÜÜÜÛÛ ÛÛÜÜÜÜ ÛÛ ÛÛ ÛÛÜÜÜÜ
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ÛÛßßßÛÛ ÛÛßßßÛÛ ßßßßÛÛ ÛÛßßßÛÛ ÛÛßßßÛÛ ßßßßÛÛ ÛÛ ÛÛ ßßßßÛÛ
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ÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÛÛÛÛÛÛß ßÛÛÛÛÛß ÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÛÛ ÛÛ ßÛÛÛÛÛß ÞÛÛÝ ßÛÛÛÛÛß ßÛÛÛÛÛß
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Reprinted from the Pasco BBS Magazine
|
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+ + + + +
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About this File
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---------------
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BBS Basics ran originally as separate articles in the first nine
|
||
issues of the Pasco BBS Magazine from January 1993 to September
|
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1993. In September of 1993 the articles were combined into an
|
||
ASCII text file to help the growing number of people who are
|
||
becoming aware of what bulletin boards have to offer. That
|
||
original file proved to be quite popular. It can be found on
|
||
bulletin boards all over the world for downloading, or as a
|
||
bulletin for on-line reading. Selected sections have been run in
|
||
print magazines as well. It seemed like there was a need to
|
||
update BBS Basics on a regular basis and that is why version 2.0
|
||
was created, and subsequent versions. Some of the original text
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||
remains, but portions have been revised and new sections added to
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||
reflect the rapidly changing BBS world. Version 2.0 introduced a
|
||
new menu driven format, to make it easier for new users, but an
|
||
ASCII version is still available.
|
||
|
||
There are absolutely no fees for using this program, nor may any
|
||
compensation be accepted for the use, or distribution, of this
|
||
program. This is legally copyrighted Freeware of which no part
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||
may be reprinted without permission. Bulletin board operators may
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||
display BBS Basics on their system, as long as it remains
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||
unaltered.
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||
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The Pasco BBS Magazine is a free on-line magazine with bulletin
|
||
board related articles, interviews and features. The magazine has
|
||
been published each month since January 1993 and has become Tampa
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||
Bay's oldest free on-line magazine. Those who wish to read more
|
||
about bulletin boards, or Sysops interested in getting this free
|
||
publication for their boards, can always download the latest
|
||
issue, and all back issues, free of charge from the home board,
|
||
the Board of Trade BBS.
|
||
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||
Richard Ziegler
|
||
Board of Trade BBS
|
||
P.O. Box 1853
|
||
New Port Richey, FL 34656
|
||
(813) 862-4772 (BBS)
|
||
|
||
|
||
What is a BBS?
|
||
--------------
|
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Has this ever happened to you? You mention to a friend, who is
|
||
not into computers, that you call around to Bulletin Board
|
||
Systems. You get a blank stare in return. That same friend could
|
||
look in their dictionary to find out what a BBS or Bulletin Board
|
||
System is, but their search will come up empty. While a growing
|
||
number of people are becoming aware of what bulletin boards are,
|
||
the above scenario remains realistic. Yes, people still ask what
|
||
is a BBS?
|
||
|
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The history of the BBS goes back to the Winter of 1978, when the
|
||
first bulletin board software was written by Ward Christensen
|
||
during a Chicago blizzard. With his friend Randy Suess handling
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the hardware end of that first board, CBBS was officially born on
|
||
February 16, 1978. If you think that people today are not
|
||
familiar with what a BBS is, imagine how many times Ward
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||
Christensen had to explain what this new creation was.
|
||
Christensen has commented, "A lot of people say 'oh, is that the
|
||
Christensen Bulletin Board System or the Chicago Bulletin Board
|
||
System?' No, it's the Computerized Bulletin Board System, so we
|
||
had to start kind of simple."
|
||
|
||
An Electronic Bulletin Board System (or Service) is simply a
|
||
computer hooked up to phone lines. People may call the computer
|
||
if their own computer has a modem and communications software. A
|
||
modem is a device which allows computers to talk to each other
|
||
over the telephone lines. The right communications software can
|
||
make the job of connecting to a BBS quite simple.
|
||
|
||
Today, bulletin board systems vary greatly. From the small
|
||
hobbyist to the big software companies support boards, each BBS
|
||
has it own feel and selection of features. Some may call
|
||
themselves on-line services, or information services, but they are
|
||
still bulletin boards. Even America On-line, CompuServe, Prodigy
|
||
and the MicroSoft Network are basically bulletin boards. However,
|
||
the majority of the tens of thousands of bulletin boards available
|
||
today are set up by hobbyists for their own enjoyment.
|
||
|
||
Once one calls a BBS, a whole new world of information, services
|
||
and fun opens up. Bulletin boards are one of the best places to
|
||
get the latest in software for your PC, most of the time before
|
||
you can get the programs through disk vendors. Callers can also
|
||
leave messages to people who call the board or discuss issues with
|
||
computer users all over the world. Many BBSs have games which you
|
||
can play, sometimes against other callers. Some boards offer
|
||
unique services which cannot be obtained anywhere else. The
|
||
system operator (Sysop for short) tries to have all the
|
||
information you will need to get started posted somewhere on the
|
||
board, but most are more than happy to answer any questions users
|
||
might have.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Calling a BBS for the First Time
|
||
--------------------------------
|
||
|
||
Long log-on questionnaires and call back verification may be the
|
||
complaint of the veteran BBSer, but can you remember back to your
|
||
first call to a BBS? It can be a little confusing, especially for
|
||
the new computer user. Bulletin Boards do have a habit of
|
||
assuming the user knows what to expect when calling.
|
||
|
||
Many first time BBS callers are calling on their first PC, and are
|
||
using the inexpensive communications software which came with the
|
||
computer. A friend has given them some BBS numbers, so they call.
|
||
They see some commands they don't understand and a bunch of jumble
|
||
which seems to make little sense. The new caller never gave
|
||
configuration of his computer and software for graphics a thought,
|
||
and the software may not even support graphics to begin with.
|
||
Many potential users never call back and rely on disk vendors for
|
||
Shareware. Using a decent communication software package can make
|
||
bulletin boards a much friendlier place to visit.
|
||
|
||
Most of today's BBSs use ANSI or similar graphics. The graphics
|
||
are attractive, and great for games, but do slow down the
|
||
transmission speed. If you are calling with a slow speed modem,
|
||
this can cause a substantial slow-down. One of the first
|
||
questions which many BBS software programs ask when calling is if
|
||
you want graphics. Unfortunately, some BBS software programs
|
||
default into graphics and some have no way to exit the graphic
|
||
mode. This is a matter of preference, some people love graphics,
|
||
other hate it.
|
||
|
||
Now that you have dialed the BBS number, and settled the graphics
|
||
question, you should be at the welcoming or log-on screen. The
|
||
first screen generally gives information about the board itself.
|
||
BBS name, location, baud rates, available networks, or anything
|
||
else the Sysop deems appropriate. Then you are generally asked to
|
||
give your name. You should always use your real name when logging
|
||
on to a bulletin board, even if the board does allow fictitious
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||
names (handles). The Sysop has the responsibility and right to
|
||
know who is accessing his BBS. When you enter your name for the
|
||
first time, the BBS software will ask if you have your name
|
||
spelled correctly, or if you are a new user. After selecting new
|
||
user another screen, or screens, appear with information which the
|
||
Sysop wants first time callers to know. Normally, these screens
|
||
contain things like welcoming comments, rules or where to find
|
||
help. You will then be asked if you want to register with the
|
||
BBS. If you answer yes, a questionnaire will follow.
|
||
|
||
The new user questionnaires vary from board to board, but most ask
|
||
for name, address and telephone number. From there it depends on
|
||
how the Sysop has set up his BBS software. Some Sysops ask only a
|
||
few pertinent questions, others have questionnaires which seem
|
||
endless. Again, always supply real and accurate information when
|
||
answering the questions. The questions normally include a couple
|
||
on setting up the BBS software for your use. Things like page
|
||
length, transfer protocol, or hot keys. If you are not sure, use
|
||
the recommended (default) settings. What is selected can be
|
||
changed later. After filling out the questionnaires most boards
|
||
give limited access to the BBS until the verification process is
|
||
completed.
|
||
|
||
The verification process can take many forms. Some Sysops will
|
||
take the time to call by voice each and every caller to their
|
||
board. Other Sysops rely on the new caller ID technology and some
|
||
force new callers into a call back verification. In this day of
|
||
caller ID, call-back verification seems like an awful lot of
|
||
hassle to put the novice BBS caller through. What happens is the
|
||
BBS will log you off and try to call back at the number you
|
||
entered during the questionnaire. This way the Sysop knows that
|
||
is a valid telephone number and that the information provided by
|
||
the user is most likely accurate. The problem is that many first
|
||
time callers have trouble setting up their modem to answer the
|
||
phone and are still looking at the manual when the verification
|
||
call comes. The call-back software has significantly improved and
|
||
some can be activated from the keyboard. Again, it is the Sysop's
|
||
option which type of verification is used.
|
||
|
||
On your first call to a BBS you will most likely have limited
|
||
options. Some boards will not allow file transfers and others
|
||
will not allow anything until the user is verified and upgraded.
|
||
The Sysop only does this to protect himself, and his substantial
|
||
investment. It is the Sysops option on how much the unverified
|
||
user can do on his board.
|
||
|
||
|
||
The Main Menu
|
||
-------------
|
||
|
||
After logging-on, and filling out the new user questionnaire, most
|
||
BBSs have other screens before you actually reach the main menu.
|
||
Most bulletin boards have news updates. Also, things like the
|
||
caller's statistics or advertising screens may be displayed before
|
||
reaching the main menu. All BBS software programs operate a
|
||
little different, so you may have to go to sub-menus for some
|
||
features. One software program may automatically take the
|
||
user through the bulletin menu before reaching the main menu,
|
||
another may have sub-menus for messages or files.
|
||
|
||
BBSs almost always have a sub menu for bulletins, after all they
|
||
are called bulletin boards. This is information which caller's
|
||
can read on-line, and there are a limitless number of possible
|
||
bulletins to select from. Most Sysops have the board rules,
|
||
general information, and help for new users. Other popular
|
||
bulletins are BBS listings, top scores for on-line games and
|
||
newsletters. The bulletin menu is a good place for new users to
|
||
spend some time, as many Sysops have informational bulletins on a
|
||
variety of BBS related topics.
|
||
|
||
Some BBSs have questionnaires or user polls which can be accessed
|
||
through the main menu, however, it is not uncommon for a BBS not
|
||
to offer any questionnaires. Sometimes these questionnaires are
|
||
set up for fun, or maybe the Sysop would like some specific
|
||
information from the users. Some typical examples would include
|
||
questionnaires on what users like about BBSing or a poll on the
|
||
next election. Support boards may have a questionnaire on their
|
||
product, so feedback to specific questions can be received. If
|
||
the BBS has subscription fees for membership, a questionnaire may
|
||
be used for on-line credit card registration.
|
||
|
||
Most systems allow callers to page the system operator for a chat.
|
||
If you have questions the Sysop may be available to talk to you
|
||
on-line. Most Sysops enjoy chatting with users, but it is
|
||
considered good BBS etiquette not to ask questions which are
|
||
answered fully elsewhere on the board. You have nothing to lose
|
||
by paging, at worse the Sysop will not be available. The main
|
||
menu normally offers some utility functions, so the settings you
|
||
are using can be re-configured if required. Some boards have a
|
||
command to list all the users. All this leads to main reasons
|
||
people call bulletin board systems in the first place.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Messages, Conferences and Networks
|
||
----------------------------------
|
||
|
||
Unfortunately, a large percentage of today's bulletin board
|
||
callers are not interested in reading messages. They are more
|
||
likely to be calling for files or to play on-line games. However,
|
||
the callers who have been at this awhile can remember when BBSs
|
||
offered little else, and they still maintain an attraction for
|
||
reading messages. In the early days there was nothing called
|
||
Shareware or the wide variety of game doors that are now
|
||
available. Yes, the BBS pioneers called primarily to talk to each
|
||
other and to this day messages remain a major part of BBSing.
|
||
|
||
In the simplest form, a message is left on a bulletin board system
|
||
so another user may read it and reply. A private message is left
|
||
for just one person and no one else can read it. It should be
|
||
noted that you should never leave something in a message which you
|
||
would be afraid to have someone else read, as there is no such
|
||
thing as a truly private message. Sysops can read messages or
|
||
someone could download the message file, or capture file, and
|
||
possibly read all messages. Public messages are more fun, as
|
||
everyone who accesses the system may read and maybe respond to the
|
||
message. Some systems may have quite a few messages and some
|
||
messages may have been left some time ago, leaving sort of a
|
||
system history.
|
||
|
||
The problem with having numerous messages is that they may vary
|
||
considerably as to topic, thus making the user have to wade
|
||
through all the messages to find those which interest them. This
|
||
is how the idea of conferences came into being. By having users
|
||
enter messages in conferences, which pertain to a particular
|
||
subject, all similar messages are grouped together. BBSs may have
|
||
a "for sale" conference, "teen" conference or "sports" conference.
|
||
This way the users know where to go for messages which interest
|
||
them. The problem is that once the messages are separated into
|
||
all the different conferences, there may be very few messages in
|
||
each conference. This is what brought about the development of
|
||
networks.
|
||
|
||
By linking computers together by networks, a message on one system
|
||
is "echoed" to other systems. Bulletin boards may choose to have
|
||
network conferences, which pertain to whatever subjects the Sysop
|
||
feels the users will enjoy the most, so that messages originally
|
||
left on more than one system may be read. This way the advantage
|
||
of having specialized conferences is not hampered by having very
|
||
few messages to read. Another advantage of networks is that a
|
||
user can leave a message on their local BBS for someone in another
|
||
area, and thus avoid the long-distance telephone charges. Some
|
||
echo-mail networks are huge with thousands of systems all over the
|
||
world. But to be a network all it really takes is two BBSs and
|
||
many networks start out this way. Thousands of boards are calling
|
||
each other, normally in the middle of the night, to transfer mail.
|
||
Most boards are "nodes" which call the particular network "hub,"
|
||
so messages can be received from a common place. Larger networks
|
||
may have "regional hubs" because the "network hub" could not
|
||
handle all the systems calling each night.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Shareware, Freeware and Public Domain
|
||
-------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
The one thing which has caused bulletin boards to increase in
|
||
popularity are files, and there is little doubt that the majority
|
||
of today's BBS users are more interested in files than any other
|
||
feature. What has caused the explosion in the number of available
|
||
files on bulletin boards? The success of Shareware more than
|
||
anything else.
|
||
|
||
Shareware is a new concept to many in the computer world who are
|
||
used to buying software in a store, after just reading the
|
||
packaging to decide which program to take a chance on. Shareware
|
||
is a revolutionary new marketing concept which encourages people
|
||
to "try before they buy" any software. If you like the program
|
||
you are legally bound to pay a registration fee for continued use,
|
||
if you don't like it just delete it and move on. If you are
|
||
looking for a typing tutor program, download half a dozen, then
|
||
decide which you like best and register that program only. Try
|
||
going into your local computer store and buying a bunch of
|
||
programs to "try before you buy," and returning all but the one
|
||
you like. You will be laughed out of the store. Not only does
|
||
Shareware allow it, but authors encourage you to give copies of
|
||
their programs to your friends. And if all that is not enough,
|
||
most Shareware registration fees are considerably cheaper than
|
||
what the "shrink-wrap" software companies are asking for their
|
||
products. And yes, the quality of Shareware rivals any other form
|
||
of distribution. Why do software authors send out their programs
|
||
all over the world for people to use free of charge? Because a
|
||
growing percentage of people are supporting the Shareware
|
||
marketing concept and sending in registration fees. Due to the
|
||
success of Shareware, more and more authors are turning to
|
||
distributing programs that way. This is the primary reason for
|
||
the explosion in the number of files in the BBS world.
|
||
|
||
The success of Shareware was not always guaranteed. Many thought
|
||
the early authors were foolish to think that people would be
|
||
willing to pay for something which they already had. The major
|
||
software companies also did what they could to down-play this new
|
||
form of competition. Andrew Fluegelman, author of PC-Talk, and
|
||
Jim Button, author of PC-File, are generally credited with the
|
||
first efforts with Shareware type marketing in 1982. The
|
||
following year, Bob Wallace author of PC-Write, and Marshall
|
||
Magee, author of AutoMenu, released their popular programs into
|
||
the market. The success of these programs ended much of the early
|
||
skepticism about Shareware. Due to the death of Andrew
|
||
Fluegelman, PC-Talk is no longer around, but all the other
|
||
programs are still supported to this day. There are many examples
|
||
of enormous success in the Shareware market. Scott Miller started
|
||
out as one guy writing game programs in the late 1980's, and he
|
||
was one of the first to have success with offering additional
|
||
levels as an incentive for registration. Scott Miller is now the
|
||
President of Apogee Software, which is the biggest player in the
|
||
Shareware game market. While there have been many success
|
||
stories, it should be noted that the Shareware market is very
|
||
tough. There are many authors who have made little or nothing on
|
||
their releases.
|
||
|
||
In addition to Shareware, bulletin boards have many Public Domain
|
||
and Freeware programs which the users are not expected to pay
|
||
anything at all for. These programs may include small utility
|
||
programs, informational text files or maybe something the
|
||
program's author would just like to get some feedback on. Public
|
||
Domain files have absolutely no restrictions on their use.
|
||
Freeware authors ask for no compensation to use their programs,
|
||
but they do retain all the copyright protection, so there are
|
||
restrictions on how the programs can be used.
|
||
|
||
Bulletin boards are a perfect method for the distribution of
|
||
computer software, as a program can go around the world in a few
|
||
days. Software and information can be found on just about any
|
||
topic imaginable. There are indeed hundreds of thousands, if not
|
||
millions, of different files available on bulletin boards
|
||
throughout the county.
|
||
|
||
|
||
What is a ZIP File?
|
||
-------------------
|
||
|
||
The majority of the files found on bulletin boards are in the
|
||
archive format, which always gives the novice BBS user problems
|
||
with the first few downloads. Most people log on a board and
|
||
download some great sounding program and cannot figure out how to
|
||
get it to work. This leads to more calls to the boards, reading
|
||
bulletins or paging Sysops, in an attempt to find out how to use
|
||
this file they cannot wait to try. Since most bulletin boards use
|
||
files with a .ZIP extension, users learn quickly about file
|
||
compression.
|
||
|
||
Why are almost all files on bulletins boards found in the
|
||
compressed, or archive, format? There are basically two reasons.
|
||
One reason is to compress the file's size, thus reducing the amount
|
||
of time it takes to transfer the file via the modem connection.
|
||
The other reason is to group all the files necessary to operate the
|
||
program under a single name, so the caller does not have to
|
||
download a bunch of different files to get one program to run.
|
||
|
||
There are many different authors who have released archive
|
||
programs, but the .ZIP format archive is by far the most common in
|
||
the BBS world. Other file extensions include .ARJ, .LZH, .PAK,
|
||
.ARC, .ICE, .ZOO, among others. When these archive utilities are
|
||
downloaded they come in a self-extracting format, so you do not
|
||
have to know any complicated commands to extract the files. Just
|
||
type the file's name and the program will extract itself, provided
|
||
that there is enough disk space. Each archive utility includes
|
||
complete documentation on the program's operation.
|
||
|
||
The commands for each archive utility differ slightly, but it is a
|
||
relatively simple command line for extracting files from .ZIP
|
||
files. The best thing to do is to place the archive utility's
|
||
executable files, for example PKUNZIP.EXE and PKZIP.EXE, in your
|
||
system's path. It is unfortunate, but most DOS manuals do not give
|
||
a very good explanation of how the path works. By putting the
|
||
utilities in your path, the commands will work anywhere on your
|
||
system including diskette drives, so the utility does not have to
|
||
be in the current directory to operate. Your root directory is
|
||
always on your system's path, so copying PKUNZIP.EXE to C:\ will
|
||
work if you do not have a thorough understanding of DOS's path.
|
||
However, it is better to place all the utilities you wish to use
|
||
universally on your system in a directory, for example C:\BIN,
|
||
since a cluttered root directory will slow down your system. The
|
||
path statement, which can be edited with any text editor, is found
|
||
in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file. In the above example, you would add
|
||
C:\BIN to the end of the path statement, but remember to separate
|
||
all directories on the path with a semi-colon. For example:
|
||
|
||
Old path - PATH C:\;C:\DOS
|
||
New path - PATH C:\;C:\DOS;C:\BIN
|
||
|
||
If a file named PBM.ZIP was downloaded, the following is an example
|
||
of how you would extract the files you just downloaded.
|
||
|
||
PKUNZIP PBM C:\HOLD
|
||
|
||
The above assumes that you wish to extract the files within PBM.ZIP
|
||
to a directory called C:\HOLD. PBM could be replaced with any file
|
||
name you might download and it is not necessary to type the .ZIP
|
||
extension. C:\HOLD could also be replaced with the directory of
|
||
your choice, or if you want to extract the files to the directory
|
||
where PBM.ZIP currently resides, leave the directory off and just
|
||
type PKUNZIP PBM.
|
||
|
||
Under Windows, it is best to exit to DOS to unzip files. The
|
||
unziping function can then be preformed as described for DOS.
|
||
Recently, a Windows version of PKZIP has been released, which
|
||
features a menu-driven interface for unziping files.
|
||
|
||
There are other commands and many features included with the
|
||
popular archive utilities, but this should get those first
|
||
downloads unziped.
|
||
|
||
|
||
File Transfers and Protocols
|
||
----------------------------
|
||
|
||
The act of receiving a file from another computer through a
|
||
modem connection is known as downloading. The modem actually
|
||
makes it possible for two computers to exchange information over a
|
||
system of wires which was originally designed for voice. Sending
|
||
a file to another computer is called uploading. Even the most
|
||
novice BBS user has most likely heard those terms. However, it is
|
||
never an easy question to answer when asked "how do I download?"
|
||
This is not to insinuate that the act of downloading is that
|
||
complex of a maneuver, but that there are so many different
|
||
bulletin board and communications software combinations available.
|
||
Each bulletin board software has its unique menus and series of
|
||
commands to prepare the board for downloading. The other side is
|
||
that each communications software also has its own unique series of
|
||
commands to prepare for receiving the file.
|
||
|
||
The best thing to do may be to give a few tips to those who have
|
||
not called around that much to bulletin boards. Take some time to
|
||
read over some of the documentation which came with your
|
||
communications software, or if your program has decent on-line
|
||
help read some of that. The most important thing is to have your
|
||
communications software set up to match what the bulletin board
|
||
software is using, however, that is not as complicated as it may
|
||
sound. In most cases just using the default, or suggested,
|
||
settings will be enough to get you started. You can always fine
|
||
tune things to your own tastes as time goes own. One thing to
|
||
remember is to experiment, try different things on the board, you
|
||
cannot hurt a BBS by hitting a few keys.
|
||
|
||
When considering your settings, always make sure your file
|
||
transfer protocol matches what the bulletin board will be sending
|
||
the file with. Most boards offer a selection of file transfer
|
||
protocols which the caller can select from, as do most
|
||
communications programs. Here is a brief introduction to the more
|
||
common transfer protocols.
|
||
|
||
ASCII - This is often seen on BBS's protocol lists, which is an
|
||
abbreviation for American Standard Code for Information Exchange.
|
||
There is no form of error detection available and usually only
|
||
ASCII files can be sent in this way. Some may say that this is
|
||
not truly a transfer protocol, but it is still used in isolated
|
||
cases.
|
||
|
||
Xmodem (CRC) - This may or may not be the most popular protocol
|
||
in use today, as it is slowly being replaced by quicker and more
|
||
reliable protocols. Xmodem (CRC) sends files in blocks of 128
|
||
characters at a time and checks for errors using a sophisticated
|
||
Cyclic Redundancy Check.
|
||
|
||
Xmodem (Checksum) - Information is transferred in 128 byte blocks
|
||
with a less reliable Checksum error correction method.
|
||
|
||
1K Xmodem - This is a variation of Xmodem (CRC) that uses blocks
|
||
that are 1 Kilobyte (1024 bytes) in size.
|
||
|
||
1K Xmodem/G - This variation of Xmodem is meant for error-free
|
||
channels such as error correcting modems or direct cable links
|
||
between two computers. It achieves great speed, however, it does
|
||
not have error correction and if an error occurs the transfer is
|
||
aborted.
|
||
|
||
Ymodem (Batch) - This protocol is a variation on 1K Xmodem, which
|
||
allows for multiple files to be sent per transfer. While
|
||
transferring files it uses the 1024 byte block size and the CRC
|
||
error correction method.
|
||
|
||
Ymodem/G (Batch) - This protocol is a variation on Ymodem which
|
||
achieves very high transfer rates by sending 1024 blocks without
|
||
waiting for acknowledgment. There is no error correction and if
|
||
an error occurs the transfer is aborted.
|
||
|
||
Zmodem (Batch) - This advanced protocol is very fast, incredibly
|
||
reliable and offers many features. Zmodem can transfer files in a
|
||
batch and can detect and recover from errors quickly. The Zmodem
|
||
Recovery feature can resume an interrupted transfer.
|
||
|
||
HS/Link - This is a relatively new protocol. It is a high speed,
|
||
single and bi-directional file transfer protocol with many
|
||
advanced features.
|
||
|
||
|
||
High Speed Transfers, Line Noise, Etc.
|
||
--------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
What follows is not intended to be a technical discussion on high
|
||
speed modems, but tries to answer some commonly asked questions.
|
||
The new user, and the expert alike, may ask why file transfers are
|
||
slow at 14,400 baud and above.
|
||
|
||
Line noise over common telephone wires has been a problem since
|
||
the first modems made their connection. For years it was said
|
||
that 2400 bps was as fast as normal telephone lines could transmit
|
||
data and that we would never see faster speeds due to the low
|
||
band-width and high noise levels. Modem technology has advanced
|
||
over the years, but line noise is not a thing of the past.
|
||
Unfortunately, it is still with us. These new modems are not
|
||
magic either. They manage to hide the line noise, and some are
|
||
able to filter it out, but it is still there.
|
||
|
||
If line noise occurs during the connection process, where your
|
||
modem and the host modem perform their hand-shaking sequence
|
||
looking for common ground, then it is very likely that the two
|
||
modems will agree to a slower speed to avoid having problems
|
||
during the remainder of the call. In fact, if line noise occurs
|
||
during the call the modems may decide to shift down at that time
|
||
as well. When line noise occurs during a file transfer between
|
||
two modems which have established an error correction session, the
|
||
only evidence of this line noise may very well be slow file
|
||
transfers and nothing else. Many modems give no other indications
|
||
this extra work is being required, and may eventually give up and
|
||
just drop the carrier completely.
|
||
|
||
If you find that downloading ASCII files produces excellent file
|
||
transfers rates, but downloading Zip files reduces the rate, then
|
||
very likely you have turned on an option known as "data
|
||
compression." It is like trying to use PKZip to zip a Zip file.
|
||
In its attempt to shrink the file, it actually causes the file to
|
||
expand in size and this slows down the file transfer.
|
||
|
||
For high speed file transfers to work you generally want to use
|
||
some type of flow control. If your modem or software is not set
|
||
up correctly, it is possible that flow control problems will
|
||
result in errors. When data is lost due to flow control problems
|
||
there is only one solution and that is to send the data again.
|
||
This results in slowing down your file transfer.
|
||
|
||
Choosing the right file transfer protocol is important and Xmoden
|
||
is not always appropriate at high speeds. Zmodem has the ability
|
||
to re-send the last block of data while other protocols, such as
|
||
Ymodem/G, have no way to request that data be resent, so the
|
||
transfer is aborted. Ymodem/G is one of the fastest, but Zmodem
|
||
is more dependable.
|
||
|
||
And if all that is not enough, it seems like certain times of the
|
||
year introduce more line noise on the phone lines than others.
|
||
Some causes of line noise are wet ground conditions, which
|
||
introduces electrical changes in the phone company's lines.
|
||
Increased traffic on the telephone lines leads to increased noise.
|
||
Some of the worst conditions can occur on local calls, as local
|
||
circuits seldom receive the maintenance attention given to long
|
||
distance circuits.
|
||
|
||
There are a few hardware options which can reduce the errors in
|
||
high speed transfers. The easiest is to make sure that all your
|
||
connections are clean. Dirty or corroded connections will
|
||
obviously have a negative impact on your results. Another is to
|
||
make sure that your phone line is grounded. This not only helps
|
||
reduce line noise, but may save your equipment in the event the
|
||
phone lines becomes electrically charged. For example, it is
|
||
possible for a lightning strike to come through the phone line.
|
||
Some surge protectors have a built-in port to plug the phone line
|
||
into and most electronics stores have a device, which plugs into
|
||
an electrical outlet, to ground the phone line. If your computer
|
||
is a few years old, you may have to install a new serial card with
|
||
a 16550A UART chip. This high speed communications port is a
|
||
requirement for 28,800 baud file transfers. Most of the newer
|
||
computers have these high speed UART chips installed.
|
||
|
||
So what else can you do about line noise? You can contact your
|
||
local phone company. Sometimes the phone company does find a
|
||
correctable problem. Using high quality software and equipment
|
||
can hide some of the problems. Or you could move to France where
|
||
fiber optic telecommunications is a reality.
|
||
|
||
|
||
All About Doors
|
||
---------------
|
||
|
||
When someone calls a BBS for the first time, there is a very good
|
||
chance they have never heard the term "door" as it relates to
|
||
bulletin boards. The explanation of what a door is, however, is
|
||
really quite simple. There are a variety of doors on the market
|
||
which have become quite popular.
|
||
|
||
A door is actually a way to exit the bulletin board software and
|
||
access a program which the system operator has made available to
|
||
the callers. The door is not actually something built into the
|
||
BBS, but a program which the board must use externally. The board
|
||
may have to shell to DOS to use the door selected, but that is not
|
||
always the case. A door is a little customizing done on the part
|
||
of the Sysop.
|
||
|
||
Game doors have been immensely popular in the on-line community.
|
||
The variety of game doors available is huge with new ones coming
|
||
out all the time. The basic game door allows the player to play a
|
||
game and post a score for other callers to try to beat. There are
|
||
also game doors which have an interactive feel by having players
|
||
taking turns in a more complex game, however, turns are still
|
||
taken one at a time. If a BBS has more than one phone line it
|
||
could offer game doors where callers can truly play a one-on-one
|
||
game in real time. As with everything else in the computer world,
|
||
the quality of these doors has improved dramatically over the last
|
||
few years.
|
||
|
||
Games are not the only type of program which a bulletin board may
|
||
use doors to access. Mail doors are found on a large percent of
|
||
BBSs, especially if echo-mail is offered. One nice feature of a
|
||
mail door is it allows users to download new messages and read
|
||
them off-line, thus, cutting down on the time of the call itself.
|
||
There are BBS lists, mailing lists and other utility type programs
|
||
which have been designed to be used as a door. Some BBS software
|
||
programs allow the Sysop to operate almost any program as a door,
|
||
so the possibilities are endless.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Chatting, Paging and a Few Words
|
||
--------------------------------
|
||
|
||
One thing that happens on bulletin boards is the opportunity to
|
||
"talk" with people live on-line. There are various ways which you
|
||
may type back and forth with another bulletin board user. Just
|
||
about every BBS software package on the market allows for talking
|
||
with the Sysop which is better known as paging, or if the Sysop
|
||
initiates the talk the Sysop Chat. Boards with more than one
|
||
phone line have the option of having chats with several users at
|
||
one time. There are many utilities and doors available to enhance
|
||
chatting, so this more interactive aspect of bulletin boards can
|
||
have a different feel on different boards. Talking in a live,
|
||
real time mode is something that is quite popular on some boards.
|
||
|
||
Just a few final thoughts on bulletin boards. The BBS has not
|
||
been around very long and even today only a small percentage of
|
||
the population knows much about this estimated one-half billion
|
||
dollar industry. However, bulletin boards have really grown up
|
||
since the early days. Back when this all started it was just a
|
||
few programers, maybe tying together various utilities to make the
|
||
thing workable. The systems at the time where unstable compared
|
||
to the software which has developed through the years. In the
|
||
past things like "BBS etiquette" seemed to be a really important
|
||
topic. If someone hung up on the board, without following the
|
||
proper log-off procedures, it could lock up or possibly even
|
||
damage the system. Dropping carrier has little effect on most
|
||
bulletin boards today, but is still considered rude. Bulletin
|
||
boards seem to have fewer rules today than in the past. When was
|
||
the last time you read the old "remember, you are calling
|
||
someone's home" rule? It has been estimated that there are almost
|
||
70,000 bulletin boards nationwide, so the competition for callers
|
||
is intense. Certainly every board needs some very explicit rules
|
||
which must be followed, for example, no posting of pirated
|
||
software. I am not advocating that users abuse a system, more
|
||
that I think the changes can only help the BBS world become more
|
||
accessible to more people.
|
||
|
||
|
||
The BBS Glossary
|
||
----------------
|
||
|
||
Access - To use a BBS, as in accessing, or the amount you can use
|
||
it, as in access level.
|
||
|
||
ANSI - While actually an acronym for the American National
|
||
Standards Institute, it refers to the widely used graphics on
|
||
BBSs.
|
||
|
||
Archive - A file which has been compressed, or at least stored,
|
||
under a specific name. This allows for faster transfer times and
|
||
the grouping of related files. Originally meant for files with an
|
||
.ARC extension.
|
||
|
||
ASCII - An acronym for American Standard Code for Information
|
||
Interchange which is the most common format for text files.
|
||
|
||
Automatic Redial - Automatic redialing by a modem when it receives
|
||
a busy signal. Many communications programs have this feature.
|
||
|
||
Batch - A group of files which are either downloaded or uploaded,
|
||
commonly called a Batch File Transfer.
|
||
|
||
Baud Rate - The speed of the modem connection, the higher the rate
|
||
the faster data travels.
|
||
|
||
Bulletin - Text which the Sysop has made available to users.
|
||
Bulletins may be informational or educational, give the high game
|
||
scores, or whatever the Sysop deems appropriate.
|
||
|
||
Bulletin Board System (BBS) - A computer hooked up to a modem so
|
||
that other people can call and access information, files or games.
|
||
|
||
Bits Per Second (BPS) - The rate data is transmitted through a
|
||
modem connection. Increases with the baud rate.
|
||
|
||
Caller - Someone who accesses a bulletin board from a remote
|
||
location.
|
||
|
||
Capture - Saving text from BBS display to a file on the remote
|
||
computer normally in ASCII format. A built-in feature of most
|
||
communications programs.
|
||
|
||
Chat - The ability to communicate with users on other lines (or
|
||
nodes). Callers can chat back and forth in a live conversation.
|
||
|
||
Common Carrier - A regulated organization, such as the telephone
|
||
company, that provides telecommunications services for public use.
|
||
|
||
Communications Software - Computer program which allows for easier
|
||
calling of BBSs. Some software packages have all kinds of
|
||
advanced features and many are quite easy to set-up.
|
||
|
||
COM Port - This serial port is where the modem is plugged into
|
||
personal computers. However, data communications is not the only
|
||
use for these ports, as many times a mouse may use a COM port.
|
||
These ports are commonly referred to COM1, COM2, etc.
|
||
|
||
Compressed File - A file, or group of files, which have been
|
||
reduced in size using compression utilities. A compressed file
|
||
uses less disk space and speeds up transfer times.
|
||
|
||
Conference - A separate area on a BBS which is directed at
|
||
specific topics. Conferences almost always have their own message
|
||
base, and some have their own file directories or doors.
|
||
|
||
CPS - Characters per Seconds. A way to measure the speed of data
|
||
transmissions. The CPS increases with the baud rate.
|
||
|
||
Dedicated Line - A telephone, or data, line that is always
|
||
available for use. Most bulletin boards are setup on a dedicated
|
||
line and are available 24 hours a day.
|
||
|
||
Default - Refers to settings used by BBS or communications
|
||
software. Many times the preset configuration works fine,
|
||
especially for new users.
|
||
|
||
Door - A program with has been added onto the BBS, but is not part
|
||
of the BBS software itself. Sysops customize their board by
|
||
adding game or utility type doors.
|
||
|
||
Download - Receiving data from a BBS through the modem connection.
|
||
Downloads from BBSs are known as files.
|
||
|
||
Drop Carrier - Hanging up on a BBS without following the proper
|
||
log-off procedures. Occasionally can happen on either end
|
||
unintentionally.
|
||
|
||
Echo Mail - Public messages which go out over a BBS network.
|
||
|
||
E-Mail - Electronic mail, which is sent on computers in the form
|
||
of messages.
|
||
|
||
Emoticon - Emoticon is short for emotional icon and are sometimes
|
||
called smileys, which are typically found within e-mail to convey
|
||
an emotion. For example, the most common emoticon is the smiling
|
||
happy face, :), which means the comment should be taken tongue-in-
|
||
cheek.
|
||
|
||
Encryption - The process of encoding communications data for
|
||
higher security.
|
||
|
||
External Protocol - File transfer protocol which is not actually
|
||
built into the particular BBS, or communications software, but
|
||
must be accessed externally.
|
||
|
||
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions. A text file which answers
|
||
common questions about a particular subject. One example would be
|
||
questions that new BBS users may have.
|
||
|
||
Fax/Modem - A modem which has the ability to send and receive
|
||
facsimile transmissions (faxes).
|
||
|
||
Fax Software - Software which works in conjunction with a
|
||
Fax/Modem to send and receive faxes. Many software packages have
|
||
options such as converting faxes to ASCII or other text formats.
|
||
|
||
FidoNet - The largest bulletin board based message network echoing
|
||
mail with thousands of systems worldwide.
|
||
|
||
File - Data transferred through the modem connection for use on
|
||
the receiving computer. Files can be complete programs,
|
||
informational text, graphic images or many other formats.
|
||
|
||
Flame - Messages which contain criticisms, angry statements or
|
||
direct personal attacks. Two or more people participating in this
|
||
type of exchange is referred to as a "Flame War."
|
||
|
||
Forum - See conference.
|
||
|
||
Freeware - Software which is legally copyrighted, however, the
|
||
author asks for no monetary compensation for the program.
|
||
|
||
Gateway - A option which allows a BBS caller to dial out to
|
||
another BBS.
|
||
|
||
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format. Common standard for graphics
|
||
files found on-line. A file with a GIF extension is typically a
|
||
picture and software is required to view the image.
|
||
|
||
Hacker - A person who gains access to computer systems illegally,
|
||
usually from a personal computer.
|
||
|
||
Handshake - The handshake sequence is what modems perform when
|
||
first making a connection, as the modems agree on the most
|
||
efficient way to transfer data.
|
||
|
||
HS/Link - This is a relatively new file transfer protocol. It is
|
||
a high speed, single and bi-directional file transfer protocol
|
||
with many advanced features.
|
||
|
||
Information Super-Highway - A buzz word created by the media to
|
||
describe the current and future uses of telecommunications
|
||
technology.
|
||
|
||
Internal Protocol - File transfer protocol which is built into the
|
||
particular BBS or communications software.
|
||
|
||
Internet - A rapidly growing computer based network which includes
|
||
bulletin boards, educational and government institutions, on-line
|
||
services and businesses all over the world. Millions of people
|
||
are now accessing the Internet for electronic mail and other
|
||
information.
|
||
|
||
ISDN - Integrated Services Digital Network. The next generation
|
||
of telephone technology designed to provide real time transmission
|
||
in a digital format. Already installed in some places.
|
||
|
||
ISP - Internet Service Provider. A BBS, or other company, that
|
||
offers individual access to the Internet.
|
||
|
||
ITU-T - International Telecommunications Union (Telecommunications
|
||
sector). Formerly known as CCITT, this organization sets the
|
||
international standards for telegraphic and telephone equipment.
|
||
Sets modems standards, such as the recent V.34 standard for 28.8
|
||
baud transmissions.
|
||
|
||
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group. A standard for
|
||
compressed graphics files found on-line. A file with a JPG
|
||
extension is typically a picture and software is required to view
|
||
the image.
|
||
|
||
Line Noise - Static which can occur during a modem connection due
|
||
to the fact that the telephone system was originally designed for
|
||
voice.
|
||
|
||
Local - Use of the BBS at its physical location. Typically, the
|
||
Sysop accessing the BBS software directly.
|
||
|
||
Log-on - Calling a BBS, and going through the most common
|
||
procedure of giving name and password.
|
||
|
||
Lurking - Someone who reads messages without participating.
|
||
Typically, there are more users lurking in the background, then
|
||
users entering messages.
|
||
|
||
Main Board - The primary conference on a BBS, and where the
|
||
callers normally are when they first log-on. Most general
|
||
messages, files and doors should be found here.
|
||
|
||
Message - Something left by a BBS user for others to read. A
|
||
message could be left for a single user, or for all users to read.
|
||
|
||
Message Base - All messages left on a BBS, or more specifically
|
||
the location of those messages. Separate conferences typically
|
||
have their own message base.
|
||
|
||
Modem - Device which allows computers to talk to each other over a
|
||
system which was originally designed for voice communications.
|
||
|
||
Network - Different BBSs exchanging messages to increase the
|
||
activity and diversity of the message base. The echo mail network
|
||
allows a user to leave a message on one BBS which can be read on a
|
||
BBS at a different location. On some of the large networks a
|
||
message can be read literally around the world.
|
||
|
||
NetMail - Electronic messages, which go out over a BBS network,
|
||
which are addressed to, and may be read by, only one person.
|
||
|
||
Node - Commonly used as the number of telephone lines hooked up to
|
||
a BBS with each line being a node, but a BBS can also have local
|
||
nodes.
|
||
|
||
Password - A unique series of keyboard characters that a caller
|
||
selects to access a BBS. It should be kept confidential to
|
||
prevent others from logging-on using your name.
|
||
|
||
Paging - Requesting a live chat with the Sysop, who may answer the
|
||
page if available.
|
||
|
||
Private - Indicates a conference or message is not meant for all
|
||
callers, and may refer to some BBSs which have restricted access.
|
||
|
||
Protocol - A language that modems use to communicate with each
|
||
other during file transfers. The same protocol must be used by
|
||
both modems for a transfer to be successful. There are a growing
|
||
number of protocols to choose from.
|
||
|
||
Public - A conference, message, or BBS which is open for any
|
||
caller. A public message can be read by all users. A public
|
||
board will have private messages and perhaps some private
|
||
conferences, but generally access is available to all.
|
||
|
||
Public Domain - Programs or files which are released free of
|
||
charge with little restriction for use.
|
||
|
||
QWK - The file extension for mail packets compressed using the
|
||
Quick Mail format. This format is popular for BBS mail transfers
|
||
and off-line mail readers.
|
||
|
||
Remote Computer - A computer which has connected to the BBS by
|
||
modem.
|
||
|
||
RIPscrip - Remote Imaging Protocol. A graphics format which is
|
||
used to add mouse support to bulletin boards.
|
||
|
||
Screen Capture - See capture.
|
||
|
||
Script - A questionnaire set-up by the Sysop to get information
|
||
from the caller.
|
||
|
||
Security Level - Level of access given to a caller which
|
||
determines what the caller may access on the BBS. Users may
|
||
require a higher security level to access certain conferences or
|
||
files.
|
||
|
||
Shareware - A method of software distribution which allows you to
|
||
try before you buy. Shareware can be used for a limited time
|
||
without payment, but registration is required if the product is
|
||
used past the evaluation period.
|
||
|
||
Sysop - Short for System Operator, the person who operates the
|
||
BBS.
|
||
|
||
Thread - The linking of messages with a specific conversation
|
||
topic. This message thread allows people to read all messages on
|
||
a related subject.
|
||
|
||
Transfer - The receiving or sending of a file with a BBS.
|
||
|
||
Upload - Sending data, typically files, to a BBS through the modem
|
||
connection.
|
||
|
||
User - Originally meant to imply someone calling in the local
|
||
mode, while those who access the BBS from a remote computer where
|
||
known as callers. Now commonly implies both callers and users.
|
||
|
||
User Account - The record containing information for an individual
|
||
user. Things like user name, password, address, the number of
|
||
uploads and downloads, and security level are typically found in
|
||
the user account.
|
||
|
||
User Friendly - Refers to software, or a BBS, which is easy for a
|
||
novice to use.
|
||
|
||
V.21 - An ITU-T standard for 300 bps modem connections
|
||
standardized in 1981.
|
||
|
||
V.22 - An ITU-T standard for 1200 bps modem connections
|
||
standardized in 1982.
|
||
|
||
V.22 bis - An ITU-T standard for 2400 bps modem connections
|
||
standardized in 1984.
|
||
|
||
V.32 - An ITU-T standard for 4800 and 9600 bps modem connections
|
||
standardized in 1987.
|
||
|
||
V.32 bis - An ITU-T standard for 14400 bps modem connections
|
||
standardized in 1991.
|
||
|
||
V.34 - An ITU-T standard for 28800 bps modem connections
|
||
standardized in 1994.
|
||
|
||
V.FC - Early standard developed by Rockwell International for
|
||
28800 bps modem connections.
|
||
|
||
Verification - Many BBSs have some way of verifying that the
|
||
caller logging-on is actually who they say they are. Caller ID,
|
||
doors which call the user back, or calling all users by voice are
|
||
common practices.
|
||
|
||
Xmodem (CRC) - At one time this was the most popular file
|
||
transfer protocol. Xmodem (CRC) sends files in blocks of 128
|
||
characters at a time and checks for errors using a sophisticated
|
||
Cyclic Redundancy Check.
|
||
|
||
Xmodem (Checksum) - A file transfer protocol where information is
|
||
transferred in 128 byte blocks with a less reliable Checksum error
|
||
correction method.
|
||
|
||
1K Xmodem - This file transfer protocol is a variation of Xmodem
|
||
(CRC) that uses blocks that are 1 kilobyte (1024 bytes) in size.
|
||
|
||
1K Xmodem/G - This file transfer protocol variation of Xmodem is
|
||
meant for error-free channels such as error correcting modems or
|
||
direct cable links between two computers. It achieves great
|
||
speed, however, it does not have error correction and if an error
|
||
occurs the transfer is aborted.
|
||
|
||
Ymodem (Batch) - This file transfer protocol is a variation on 1K
|
||
Xmodem, which allows for multiple files to be sent per transfer.
|
||
While transferring files it uses the 1024 byte block size and the
|
||
CRC error correction method.
|
||
|
||
Ymodem/G (Batch) - This file transfer protocol is a variation on
|
||
Ymodem which achieves very high transfer rates by sending 1024
|
||
blocks without waiting for acknowledgment. There is no error
|
||
correction and if an error occurs the transfer is aborted.
|
||
|
||
Zip - The most common form of compressed file found on BBSs.
|
||
|
||
Zmodem (Batch) - This protocol is very popular because it is very
|
||
fast, incredibly reliable and offers many features. Zmodem can
|
||
transfer files in a batch and can detect and recover from errors
|
||
quickly. The Zmodem Recovery feature can resume an interrupted
|
||
transfer.
|
||
|
||
|
||
The Emoticon Dictionary
|
||
-----------------------
|
||
|
||
New users may be confused by some of the symbols found in BBS
|
||
messages, and at first may even think that maybe some line noise
|
||
may have effected the call. Those who are new to BBSing may see
|
||
something like :-) in a message and wonder what it is. Some users
|
||
like to add symbols to messages to convey some sort of feeling and
|
||
these symbols are known as emotional icons, or "emoticons." The
|
||
smiling happy face, :-), is the most commonly seen emoticon, but
|
||
some of the others are far more complex and not so self-
|
||
explanatory. Some are rarely seen and many of the emoticons are
|
||
meant to be tongue-in-cheek. It may help to turn your head, as
|
||
most emoticons in the Emoticon Dictionary are on their side.
|
||
|
||
:) Smiling happy face
|
||
:-) Smiling happy face (with nose)
|
||
B-) Above, but with glasses or sunglasses
|
||
8-) Same as previous; also used to denote wide-eyed look
|
||
:-( Sad or angry face
|
||
;-) Winking happy face (something said tongue-in-cheek)
|
||
:-P Tongue stuck out
|
||
:-b Same as previous
|
||
:-D Wider happy face (or mouth open too much)
|
||
:-o "Oh, nooooooo!" (a la Mr. Bill)
|
||
#:-) :-) done by someone with matted hair
|
||
<:-) Dumb questions
|
||
(:-) Message dealing with bicycle (or motorcycle) helmets
|
||
(:-# Perhaps, something that shouldn't have been said
|
||
(:<) Message concerning blabber mouths
|
||
(:-D Message concerning another blabber mouth
|
||
|-( Late night message
|
||
:^) Message teasing someone about their nose
|
||
:-{#} Message teasing someone about their braces
|
||
(:-$ Message indicating person is sick
|
||
(:-& Message indicating person is angry
|
||
(:-* Kiss...
|
||
(:-( Message indicating person is very sad
|
||
:-(=) Message about someone with big teeth
|
||
&:-) Message from a person with curly hair
|
||
@:-) Message from a person with wavy hair
|
||
?-( Message about someone with a black eye
|
||
%-) Message about someone with broken glasses
|
||
.-) User has one eye
|
||
.-] Another one-eyed user
|
||
:-: Message from a mutant
|
||
:-Q Message about a smoker
|
||
:-9 User is licking their lips
|
||
:-x My lips are sealed
|
||
:-)X User is wearing a bow tie
|
||
(-) User needs a haircut
|
||
(-: Message by someone who is left-handed
|
||
8:-) User has glasses on forehead
|
||
[:-) User is listening to a walkman radio
|
||
:-c Bummed out smiling face
|
||
-:-) User has a Mohawk haircut, or likes Mr. T
|
||
(:)-) Message from someone who scuba dives
|
||
(:I Message from an egghead
|
||
:-)' User tends to drool
|
||
:-'| User has a cold
|
||
...---... S.O.S.
|
||
@>--->---- A rose
|
||
2B|^2B Message about Shakespeare
|
||
(O--< A fishy message
|
||
{ User is Alfred Hitchcock.
|
||
@= Flame about nuclear war (mushroom cloud)
|
||
oo "Somebody's head-lights are on" message
|
||
O>-<|= Message of interest to women
|
||
+<:-| Message from a monk or nun
|
||
{0-) Message about a cyclops
|
||
(:-|K- Formal message
|
||
||*( Handshake offered
|
||
||*) Handshake accepted
|
||
<&&> Message concerning rubber chickens
|
||
>< >< Message about someone wearing argyle socks
|
||
(-_-) Secret smile
|
||
<{:-)} Message in a bottle
|
||
<:-)<<| Message from a space rocket
|
||
<I==I) A message on four wheels
|
||
:^{ User wears a mustache
|
||
:> Midget smiling face
|
||
:-)## A smiling face with a beard
|
||
@:-)## A smiling face with a beard and a turban
|
||
:-)<>////> A smiling face wearing a striped necktie
|
||
=|:-)## Message about Uncle Sam
|
||
>:-{ Message about Count Dracula
|
||
\:-) Message about Gumby
|
||
>:-( Message from someone who is angry
|
||
<:>== A turkey head
|
||
:-\ Message from someone who is undecided
|
||
:-s Response to a bizarre comment
|
||
:-' User is spitting out chewing tobacco
|
||
:-% Message from a banker
|
||
:-} Message from someone wearing lipstick
|
||
::-) Message about someone who wears glasses
|
||
{(:-) Message concerning toupee
|
||
}(:-) Message about a toupee on a winding day
|
||
:%)% Message concerning acne
|
||
:-* User after eating something sour
|
||
:-#| Message from someone with a bushy mustache
|
||
:-? User is smoking a pipe
|
||
:-)8 Message from someone with a bow tie
|
||
:=) Message from someone with two noses
|
||
*<|:-) Message from Santa Claus
|
||
:n) User with funny looking right nose
|
||
:u) User with funny looking left nose
|
||
%-^ Message from Picasso
|
||
#-) Message from someone who partied all night
|
||
8 Infinity
|
||
8-| Suspense
|
||
8-# Death
|
||
:-] Smiley blockhead
|
||
:-| No expression, or have an ordinary day
|
||
:-> A real happy user
|
||
:-I Hmm, thinking
|
||
@:I User with a turban
|
||
|-D Ho, ho
|
||
O-) User is wearing a scuba mask
|
||
B-| User is wearing cheap sunglasses
|
||
:>) User has a big nose
|
||
{:-) Smiley with hair parted down the middle
|
||
:-< User is real sad
|
||
*-( Cyclops got poked in the eye
|
||
<|-)= User is Chinese
|
||
>:-< User is mad
|
||
:-6 User has eaten something sour
|
||
:-# User's lips are sealed
|
||
=:-) User is a hose-head
|
||
:-e User is disappointed
|
||
*:o) User is a bozo
|
||
|-P Yuk
|
||
|
||
|
||
+ + + + +
|
||
|
||
(C)Copyright 1992-1997 Richard Ziegler - All Rights Reserved
|
||
|
||
+ + + + + |