331 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
331 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(word processor parameters LM=8, RM=75, TM=2, BM=2)
|
|
Taken from KeelyNet BBS (214) 324-3501
|
|
Sponsored by Vangard Sciences
|
|
PO BOX 1031
|
|
Mesquite, TX 75150
|
|
|
|
There are ABSOLUTELY NO RESTRICTIONS
|
|
on duplicating, publishing or distributing the
|
|
files on KeelyNet except where noted!
|
|
|
|
February 15, 1994
|
|
|
|
ZPETEST.ASC
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
This file shared with KeelyNet courtesy of Chris Terraneau.
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
ZPETEST.ASC Zero Potential Energy Test Circuit
|
|
|
|
by Chris Terraneau 9 February 1994
|
|
|
|
A number of KeelyNet callers have been experimenting with
|
|
various circuits trying to tap the Zero-Potential energy. I
|
|
have personally designed and built many conventional
|
|
Switching Power Supplies which utilize circuits similar to
|
|
those described in TOD.ZIP and COILBAK.ZIP.
|
|
|
|
Several KeelyNetters have initially reported greater than
|
|
unity outputs, only to realize later that some measurements
|
|
may have been done in a manner which obscures what's really
|
|
happening.
|
|
|
|
I want to alert everyone to the fact that basically, what
|
|
you MIGHT be actually building is called a FLYBACK
|
|
CONVERTER, Figure 1. In conventional (less than unity)
|
|
circuits, a switch (FET1) is closed for a period of time.
|
|
Current ramps up in the inductor L1, as does the increasing
|
|
magnetic field.
|
|
|
|
At some point, FET1 is turned off. The collapsing magnetic
|
|
field in inductor L1 causes a reversal of polarity in the
|
|
voltage across it. This reverse voltage can easily be 10 to
|
|
20 times the input voltage to the circuit.
|
|
|
|
What is important to note here is that although the circuit
|
|
has increased the VOLTAGE several times, it has DECREASED
|
|
the current. An INCREASE in VOLTAGE is not the same as an
|
|
INCREASE in POWER if the current has fallen. (P = E x I).
|
|
|
|
In some of the circuits I have seen posted here,
|
|
experimenters are advised to use a voltmeter to read a pulse
|
|
voltage. This does not work ! A very GOOD oscilloscope is
|
|
ESSENTIAL if you're going to determine power in a pulse
|
|
circuit where P = E x I x T, where T is Time. Use a 'scope
|
|
with AT LEAST 100 MHz bandwidth.
|
|
|
|
It would be far easier to store these 'spurts' of
|
|
voltage/current in a capacitor, and then measure the DC
|
|
|
|
Page 1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
output power. If a large enough capacitor is used, T can be
|
|
ignored completely (at least as far as measuring output
|
|
power is concerned).
|
|
|
|
Further, FLYBACK-produced current is NOT what you're after !
|
|
A reverse voltage, which is typical of flyback output,
|
|
indicates that you have STORED energy in an INDUCTOR in its
|
|
MAGNETIC FIELD.
|
|
|
|
Fig. 1 - Typical FLYBACK Converter
|
|
|
|
+ V
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(+) (-) |
|
|
C
|
|
FET1 ON FET1 OFF C
|
|
(charging) (flyback) C L1
|
|
C
|
|
(-) (+) |
|
|
|
|
|
+--------------- OUTPUT PULSE
|
|
| see waveform below
|
|
___________ |
|
|
| | |
|
|
| | | D
|
|
| Drive |-------------] [--+
|
|
| | G ] FET1
|
|
| Circuit | ] [--+
|
|
| | | S N-Channel
|
|
| | |
|
|
| Positive | ------
|
|
| Pulse | ----
|
|
| Output | --
|
|
|___________|
|
|
__
|
|
/ \ Collapsing magnetic field
|
|
| | generates reverse polarity
|
|
| | large voltage spike (with very low
|
|
FLYBACK | | current)
|
|
Output Pulse | |
|
|
Waveform | |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
------ | | ---------------- + V
|
|
| | | /
|
|
---- -- ground
|
|
----> time
|
|
| |
|
|
FET1 switched ON FET1 switched OFF
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To extract the Zero-Point energy according to Bearden, NO
|
|
CURRENT must flow in your collection element during the
|
|
'charging' time. If no current flows, NO MAGNETIC FIELD is
|
|
generated either. Subsequently, no collapsing field results,
|
|
and no reverse-polarity flyback pulse is generated.
|
|
|
|
Page 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Instead, your collection element is 'charged' by ATTEMPTING
|
|
to flow current in a conductor such as a long length of
|
|
wire, POSSIBLY, but not necessarily, in a coiled form. See
|
|
Figure 2.
|
|
|
|
As an example, use a length of wire 1000 feet long. Switch a
|
|
voltage from a battery across it for a period of time that
|
|
is LESS than what is needed for CURRENT to begin flowing. At
|
|
about 1 foot per nanosecond, you'll need less than 1
|
|
microsecond. When the switch (FET1) is opened, there will be
|
|
no flyback (reverse polarity) pulse, because NO current flowed
|
|
while FET1 was ON, so NO magnetic field was built-up.
|
|
|
|
NOW, connect storage capacitor C2 (by switching ON FET2)
|
|
across the length of wire, and 'capture' Zero-Potential
|
|
energy. You can do this at any frequency you like, from 60 Hz
|
|
to several hundred Kilohertz. Just don't leave FET1 on long
|
|
enough for current to begin flowing in the conductor.
|
|
|
|
Use the capacitor (C2) to AVERAGE the product of Time,
|
|
Voltage and Current. Load the capacitor with a load resistor
|
|
(R3) and measure the voltage and current flowing in it.
|
|
Calculate the resulting power with P = E x I.
|
|
|
|
Figure 2 - Test Circuit
|
|
|
|
/-- measure INPUT current here
|
|
\|/
|
|
+ V -----+-----------------+
|
|
| |
|
|
----- C1 +-----------+--------+
|
|
1000 ----- | | |
|
|
uF | - (+) | + | C2 \
|
|
| C ----- / R3 (Load)
|
|
------ C ----- \
|
|
---- L1 C - | 33uF / 100 - 10,000
|
|
-- C | | Ohms
|
|
(-) | +--------+
|
|
+ V | D3 | S FET2
|
|
| | +--] [ G
|
|
| | |/| [---+ P-Channel
|
|
_____|_____ +----| |-------] [ |
|
|
| | | |\| D |
|
|
| | | D |
|
|
| Drive | G ] [--+ |
|
|
| | +---+--] FET1 |
|
|
| Circuit | | | ] [--+ |
|
|
| | | | | S N-Channel |
|
|
| Narrow | \ | | |
|
|
| Positive | R1 / --- ------ |
|
|
| Pulse | \ \ / ---- |
|
|
| Output |--+ / ------ -- |
|
|
|___________| | | | D1 |
|
|
| | | | R2 |
|
|
| +---+---+---+----/\/\/\----+---------+
|
|
------ | |
|
|
---- | |\| D2 |
|
|
-- +-----| |------+ FET1: IRFZ120 (IR)
|
|
|/| FET2: IRFZ9120 (IR)
|
|
|
|
Page 3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
There are a number of concerns relating to 'stray'
|
|
capacitance. This is one reason to use a long loop of wire
|
|
instead of a coil. With a coil, there is a continuous
|
|
'capacitor' formed where each loop of wire comes into close
|
|
proximity to the other loops.
|
|
|
|
This stray capacitance will draw a spike of current at the
|
|
instant FET1 is switched on. The energy lost charging this
|
|
capacitance MIGHT NOT be recoverable. A long loop of wire,
|
|
like stretching it out along the periphery of your backyard,
|
|
eliminates much of this capacitance. Also you'll want to
|
|
suspend it away from the ground and other objects to reduce
|
|
capacitance.
|
|
|
|
The only advantage to a coil is reduced size. Remember, you
|
|
don't want a magnetic field anyway. Winding a bucking coil,
|
|
with half the turns clockwise and the other half counter-
|
|
clockwise, DOES NOT solve the capacitance problem. It only
|
|
cancels the generation of a magnetic field, which you're not
|
|
going to get anyhow because FET1 will not be ON long enough.
|
|
|
|
Now, a little about FETs. These are transistors which have a
|
|
large capacitance between their leads. Watch out for this,
|
|
or it might be interpreted as zero-potential energy. The G
|
|
to S capacitance is usually the largest value, but D to G
|
|
and D to S are also significant.
|
|
|
|
FET1 should turn OFF before FET2 turns ON. And, FET2 should
|
|
turn OFF before FET1 turns ON again. If this isn't done,
|
|
part of the potential which is 'charging' your collection
|
|
element 'leaks' into your load resistance. D1 and D2 and R1
|
|
and R2 reduce the possibility of this happening by
|
|
controlling the turn-on and turn-off times of the FETs. Try
|
|
1000 ohms for R1 and R2. D1 and D2 should be Shottky diodes,
|
|
such as 1N5711.
|
|
|
|
Diode D3 blocks the C2 potential which has been accumulated
|
|
from bleeding back into L1 AFTER it has given up its zero-
|
|
point energy. Using a Shottky diode for D3 improves
|
|
efficiency because of its lower forward drop and fast
|
|
switching times.
|
|
|
|
To test for turn-on / turn-off related inefficiencies,
|
|
disconnect the collection element, L1, and measure input
|
|
current. I got about 2 mA at + V = 15V. This loss is
|
|
probably due to capacitance losses in the FETs themselves.
|
|
Upon re-connecting the collection element, you'll see an
|
|
increase in the input current. The stray capacitance is
|
|
causing this, and you want this increase to be as small as
|
|
possible.
|
|
|
|
By the way, the driving pulse generator, which can be the
|
|
555 with inverter stage from TOD.ZIP, should provide sharp
|
|
rising and falling FULL VOLTAGE (0 to + V) pulses. If it
|
|
doesn't, circuit efficiency (or over-efficiency) will
|
|
suffer. This limits + V to about 20 volts for most FETs.
|
|
|
|
I'm including Figure 3, which is a 3525 Regulating Pulse
|
|
Width Modulator chip used as a driver. Since it has an
|
|
|
|
Page 4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
active pull-up and pull down output circuit, it works fairly
|
|
well down to 1 uS pulse widths. You can also easily adjust
|
|
the frequency and pulse width with trimmers.
|
|
|
|
Figure 3 - 3525 Circuit
|
|
+ V
|
|
+-----+--------------------------+ | + -
|
|
| | |16 | | | 33 uF
|
|
----- | ---------- +---| |---+-----+
|
|
----- | | |15 | | | | |
|
|
0.1 | / 10K | |----+ | |
|
|
uF | \ Pot (pulse width) | |13 | | ------
|
|
| / / 2 | |----+ | ----
|
|
| \ -----------------------| |12 | --
|
|
| / \ | | 5 | U1 |----+---------+
|
|
| \ +----| |------+---| |10 |
|
|
| | | | | | 7 | |----+
|
|
| | | .001 uF +---| |11 \
|
|
+-----+------+ 6 | |------------ Output
|
|
| | +---------| | / Pulse
|
|
| / | ----------
|
|
| \ / | |1 |9
|
|
| / ------+ +----+
|
|
| \ \
|
|
------ / 100K Pot U1: SG3525 or UC3525 (Silicon
|
|
---- \ (frequency) General or Unitrode)
|
|
-- Pins 3, 4, 8, 14 no
|
|
connection
|
|
|
|
Sadly, I was not able to achieve any free energy with this
|
|
circuit. I think this is because the capacitive losses in my
|
|
coil of wire and / or those in the FETs is greater than that
|
|
recovered from the collection element. I think the only way
|
|
such a circuit is going to work is when the collection
|
|
element is a VERY LONG length of wire with VERY little stray
|
|
capacitance, i.e. NOT a coil (or better yet, that mysterious
|
|
'degenerative' material Bearden spoke of).
|
|
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
If you have comments or other information relating to such topics as
|
|
this paper covers, please upload to KeelyNet or send to the
|
|
Vangard Sciences address as listed on the first page.
|
|
Thank you for your consideration, interest and support.
|
|
|
|
Jerry W. Decker.........Ron Barker...........Chuck Henderson
|
|
Vangard Sciences/KeelyNet
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
If we can be of service, you may contact
|
|
Jerry at (214) 324-8741 or Ron at (214) 242-9346
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Page 5
|
|
|
|
|