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SWEET4C.ASC
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NOTES AND REFERENCES
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1. E.g., T. E. Bearden and Walter Rosenthal, "On a testable
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unification of electromagnetics, general relativity, and
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||
quantum mechanics, Proceedings of the 26th Intersociety
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Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC '91), Aug.
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4-9, 1991, Boston, Massachusetts, p. 487-492.
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2. E.g., Floyd Sweet and T. E. Bearden, "Utilizing scalar
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||
electromagnetics to tap vacuum energy," Proceedings of the
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26th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference
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||
(IECEC '91), Aug. 4-9, 1991, Boston, Massachusetts, p. 370-
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||
375.
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||
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3. E. T. Whittaker, "On the partial differential equations of
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||
mathematical physics," Mathematische Annalen, Vol. 57, 1903,
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||
p. 333-355. In this paper Whittaker proved that all scalar
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||
EM potentials have an internal, organized, bidirectional EM
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||
plane-wave structure. Thus there exists an electromagnetics
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||
that is totally internal to the scalar EM potential. Since
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||
vacuum/spacetime is scalar potential, then this internal EM
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||
is in fact "internal" to the local potentialized
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||
vacuum/spacetime. For discovery of the Whittaker-type
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||
structure in sonic potentials, see Richard W. Ziolkowski,
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||
"Localized transmission of wave energy," Proc. SPIE Vol.
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||
1061, Microwave and Particle Beam Sources and Directed
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||
Energy Concepts, Jan. 1989, p. 396-397. For a mention of
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||
this same type of bidirectional EM wave Whittaker structure
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||
in the potential connected with the Schroedinger equation,
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||
see V.K. Ignatovich, "The remarkable capabilities of
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||
recursive relations," American Journal of Physics, 57(10),
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||
Oct. 1989, p. 873-878. So far, American physicists have
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||
shown by their nonreaction to Ignatovich's paper that they
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||
have not yet realized that this is a methodology for
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||
directly engineering quantum change, and hence physical
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||
reality itself.
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||
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||
4. E. T. Whittaker, "On an expression of the electromagnetic
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field due to electrons by means of two scalar potential
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||
functions," Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society,
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Series 2, Vol. 1, 1904, p. 367-372. In this paper Whittaker
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||
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Page 1
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||
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showed that all the classical electromagnetics can be
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||
replaced by scalar potential interferometry. This ignored
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||
paper anticipated the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect by 55 years,
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||
and drastically extended it as well. Indeed, it prescribes
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a macroscopic AB effect that is distance-independent,
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||
providing a direct and engineerable mechanism for action-at-
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||
a-distance. It also provides a testable hidden-variable
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||
theory that predicts drastically new and novel effects.
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||
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5. See Carl Barus, "A curious inversion in the wave mechanism
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of the electromagnetic theory of light," American Journal of
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||
Science, Vol. 5, Fourth Series, May 1898, p. 343-348. Even
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||
though Barus actually discovered the "backward-traveling"
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Maxwellian EM wave in 1898, modern Western scientists
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essentially ignored his work, and did not rediscover the
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time-reversed EM wave until it appeared in the open Soviet
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||
literature. See also Robert A. Fisher, Ed., Optical Phase
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Conjugation, Academic Press, New York, 1983, p. xv. In 1972
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two Soviet scientists, from the P.N. Lebedev Physical
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Institute in Moscow, visited Lawrence Livermore National
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||
Laboratory and mentioned to U.S. scientists Dr. B. Ya.
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Zel'dovich's observation of an extremely curious "distortion
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undoing" property of the stimulated Brillouin backscattering
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process in a CS2-filled waveguide. This of course was
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nonlinear optical phase conjugation and its production of a
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time-reversed EM wave, the strange new EM wave that
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"reversed disorder and restored order." Thereafter, U.S.
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scientists gradually began working in optical phase
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conjugation. Most of them, however, still have difficulty
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with the fact that the phase conjugate wave is a true time-
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reversed wave. Many do not understand the difference
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between true time reversal (true phase conjugation) and
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pseudo-phase-conjugation.
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6. Amnon Yariv, Optical Electronics, 3rd edn., Holt, Rinehart
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and Winston, New York, 1985. See particularly Chapter 16:
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"Phase Conjugate Optics __ Theory and Applications."
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7. David M. Pepper, "Nonlinear optical phase conjugation,"
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Optical Engineering, 21(2), March/April 1982, p. 156-183.
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On p. 156, Pepper specifically notes that "...these
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processing techniques can, in principle, be extended to
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other portions of the EM spectrum (e.g., rt, radio,
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microwave, radars, UV, etc.); and can also involve other
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fields (e.g., acoustic waves), given the proper nonlinear
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medium." In other words, phase conjugation is a universal
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nonlinear phenomenon, unknown until recently. Pepper's
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paper is presently the best all-around introduction to
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nonlinear optical phase conjugation in the English language.
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8. See also David M. Pepper, "Applications of optical phase
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conjugation," Scientific American, 254(1), Jan. 1986, p. 74-
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83. See particularly the striking photographic
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demonstration of time reversal of disorder on p. 75.
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||
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9. Robert G. Sachs, The Physics of Time Reversal, University of
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||
Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, 1987.
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||
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||
10. For the theoretical proof, see E.V. Smetanin,
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||
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Page 2
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"Electromagnetic field in a space with curvature __ new
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||
solutions," Soviet Physics Journal, 25(2), Feb. 1982, p.
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107-111. A classical particle can have both a magnetic
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||
moment and a nonzero magnetic charge density in a curved
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spacetime.
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11. There is a good reason for using two frequencies. To first
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(rough) order, the earth may be approximated as an isotropic
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nonlinear material. In that case, a sine-wave transmitted
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into the earth will simply break up, due to the
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nonlinearities. However, if two sine waves separated
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somewhat in frequency are input into the earth, but one
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pretends that one transmitted the difference frequency
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between them, the difference frequency will act as if it
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were a sign wave transmitted through a linear, nondistorting
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||
medium __ even though the individual two waves suffer all
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sorts of distortion, breakdown, etc. This is a way of
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"linearizing" a nonlinear situation if it isn't too
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nonlinear.
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12. Yariv, ibid., p. 500-501. Go back also and take a relook at
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the photo on p. 75 of Pepper, Scientific American, 254(1),
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Jan. 1986. Do you see that, if a heat source scatters EM
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energy into a surrounding phase conjugate mirror, you will
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get some of the scattered energy re-ordered and returned to
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the source?
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13. An amusing lay description of Tesla's experiment with the
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accidental build-up of "earthquake-like" resonance in the
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buildings and area surrounding his New York laboratory, from
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||
induction by a tiny electromechanical oscillator, is
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||
contained in Margaret Cheney, Tesla: Man Out of Time,
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Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1981, p.
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115-116. Slightly more light is shed on the incident by
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John J. O'Neill, Prodigal Genius: The Life of Nikola Tesla,
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||
Angriff Press, Hollywood, California, 1981, New Printing, p.
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155-165.
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14. See John J. O'Neill, Prodigal Genius, p. 164-165. Tesla
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stated that his telegeodynamic oscillator, so small it could
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be slipped into a pocket, could be attached to any part of
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the Empire State Building and in 12 to 13 minutes would
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bring the building to full resonance, and destroy it.
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O'Neill could not make out the decimal point in his notes,
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||
so could not be sure Tesla stated it would require 0.25 HP
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or 2.5 HP. We point out that it must have been 0.25 if it
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was to be slipped into a rather large pocket. A 2.5 HP
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electric motor of the time would rather definitely not fit
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in one's pocket! See also Cheney, Tesla: Man Out of Time,
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p. 116-117, 275.
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||
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Tesla indicated that his telegeodynamics could project
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enormous energy through the earth, essentially without loss.
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||
In other references he indicated that the energy would
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||
travel in beams to distant points on the earth, producing
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desired effects there. He also indicated that he was
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||
utilizing a unique form of resonance not presently
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||
understood by science. Suppose we assume that Tesla had
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||
discovered the mechanical analogue of the nonlinear optical
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||
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||
Page 3
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||
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||
pumped phase conjugate mirror. Then his "oscillator"
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||
actually involved mechanically pumping (by opposing
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||
mechanical waves or blows) a suitable nonlinear mechanical
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phase conjugation mirror material. If timed at a mechanical
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resonance frequency of the material, and attached to a
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building, an interesting phenomenon would occur. The scalar
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EM potential base waves for rhythmic scalar mechanical
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stress waves have an affinity for traveling through the
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atomic nucleus and its immediately adjacent vacuum. Recall
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that, in QM, all mechanical forces are generated by exchange
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of virtual photons, so opposing forces in a mechanical
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stress are caused by bidirectional virtual photon exchanges.
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It is "scalar electromagnetic" at base. As the scalar EM
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stress potential wave travels through its vacuum/nuclei
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medium, the normal electron orbital vibrations (including
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those caused from covalent bond vibrations, lattice
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vibrations, and temperature vibrations) constitute "signal
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wave inputs," causing the gating and emission of phase
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conjugate replica waves from the pumped nuclei out into the
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material lattices. If the stress pumping is at a resonance
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frequency of the material/nuclei, or a harmonic or
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subharmonic of it, then nonlinear oscillation theory
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||
together with E.T. Whittaker's bidirectional EM wave
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composition of the scalar stress potential will result in a
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phase-locked buildup or accumulation of the gated PCR energy
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||
from the activated vacuum/nuclei internal medium by
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constructive interference of the continually-gated PCR EM
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energy into the material lattice at its resonant frequency.
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||
In that case a "forced resonance" condition occurs in the
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building, surrounding earth, etc., and this scalar
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||
mechanical stress resonance spreads and builds, to enormous
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power __ even to the destruction of the building or to an
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earthquake.
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||
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||
But since the oscillator itself has certainly not input such
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a large amount of energy, from whence does all the extra
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||
energy come? The answer is contained in Sweet and Bearden,
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||
"Utilizing scalar electromagnetics to tap vacuum energy,"
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||
IECEC '91, ibid. The activated nuclei, in this mechanical
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||
scalar oscillator case, actually involve an oscillation
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||
modulated upon the virtual photon flux exchange between the
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||
activated local vacuum and each activated nucleus, similar
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||
to the type of oscillation that Sweet traps in the barium
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||
nuclei of his vacuum triode. This scalar oscillation onto
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||
the activated nucleus converts that nucleus to a pumped
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phase conjugate mirror (PPCM). Covalent bond oscillations
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||
and material lattice vibrations introduce "signal wave"
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||
inputs into the pumped nucleus through the EM coupling with
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||
its electron shells. Amplified phase conjugate replica
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||
(PCR) waves are thus emitted by these PPCM nuclei, in
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||
response to the signal wave inputs. According to standard
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||
PPCM theory, these amplified PCR waves will thus leave the
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||
nucleus and travel out through the electron shells into the
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||
material lattice, being scattered there. This process
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||
effectively gates energy from the vacuum/nucleus VPF
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||
exchange into the PCR waves, which "backtrack" the signal
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||
wave input path, back out into the material lattices, etc.
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||
If the pumping is at the fundamental, a harmonic, or a
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||
subharmonic of the resonance frequency of the materials,
|
||
|
||
Page 4
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||
|
||
then the scattered energy will accumulate "in phase" and the
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||
materials and building will be in increasing resonance.
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||
Thus the building and the local earth will begin to build up
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||
increasing, rumbling oscillations, as the increasing PCR
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||
waves from the PPCM nuclei scatter increasing energy into
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||
their constituent materials. The enormous energy involved
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||
is actually organized and gated from the excited local
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||
vacuum itself.
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||
|
||
As to Tesla's telegeodynamics and making mechanical waves
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||
that are laser-like and travel through the earth, one need
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||
only apply the known principle of the forward-going PCR
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||
wave. In other words, one deliberately inputs, say, two
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||
small signal waves. The PPCM material acts as if a single
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||
signal wave had been input, as a vector resultant wave. The
|
||
resulting amplified PCR wave thus "backtracks" the
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||
resultant. If the resultant signal wave input is a sharp
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||
laser-like incoming beam, then the responding amplified PCR
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||
wave will be a sharp laser-like beam in the reverse
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||
direction. In such manner, a laser-like mechanical
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||
oscillation beam can be launched through the earth. The
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||
laser-like portion is based on a laser-like scalar potential
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||
beam that travels through the vacuum and atomic nuclei as
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||
its natural medium. Such a beam should travel through the
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||
earth or through the ocean with ease, since the scalar wave
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||
is gravitational, and not affected by the ionized electron
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shells of seawater, e.g. Note that, by slightly varying the
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signal wave input resultant, one can "steer" the PCR wave
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||
through its medium (the vacuum/atomic nuclei), much as a
|
||
phased array radar steers its beam through space. It
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||
strongly suggests that one can make an underwater scalar
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||
radar or a "through the intervening earth" scalar radar, as
|
||
well.
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||
|
||
15. Y. Aharonov and D. Bohm, "Significance of Electromagnetic
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||
Potentials in the Quantum Theory," Physical Review, Second
|
||
Series, 115(3), Aug. 1, 1959, p. 458-491. For an extensive
|
||
discussion of the Aharonov-Bohm effect and an extensive list
|
||
of references, see S. Olariu and I. Iovitzu Popescu, "The
|
||
quantum effects of electromagnetic fluxes," Reviews of
|
||
Modern Physics, 57(2), Apr. 1985. For confirmation that the
|
||
AB effect has been proven to all but the most diehard of
|
||
skeptics, see Bertram Schwarzschild, "Currents in normal-
|
||
metal rings exhibit Aharonov-Bohm effect," Physics Today,
|
||
39(1), Jan. 1986, p. 17-20.
|
||
|
||
16. See Timothy Boyer, "The classical vacuum," Scientific
|
||
American, Aug. 1985, p. 70; Walter Greiner and Joseph
|
||
Hamilton, "Is the Vacuum Really Empty?", American Scientist,
|
||
Mar.-Apr. 1980, p. 154; I.J.R. Aitchison, "Nothing's
|
||
plenty: The vacuum in modern quantum field theory,"
|
||
Contemporary Physics, 26(4), 1985, p. 333-391; Jack S.
|
||
Greenberg and Walter Greiner, "Search for the sparking of
|
||
the vacuum," Physics Today, Aug. 1982, p. 24-32; Richard E.
|
||
Prange and Peter Strance, "The semiconducting vacuum,"
|
||
American Journal of Physics, 52(1), Jan. 1984, p. 19-21.
|
||
See also R. Jackiw and J.R. Schrieffer, "The decay of the
|
||
vacuum," Nuclear Physics B 190, 1981, p. 944.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Page 5
|
||
|
||
17. Nick Herbert, Quantum Reality: Beyond the New Physics,
|
||
anchor Books, Doubleday, Garden City, New York, 1987 is
|
||
particularly recommended.
|
||
|
||
18. An excellent and thorough reference is Romon Podolny,
|
||
Something Called Nothing __ Physical Vacuum, What is It?",
|
||
Mir, 1986.
|
||
|
||
19. See particularly H.E. Puthoff, "Source of vacuum
|
||
electromagnetic zero-point energy, Physical Review A, 40(9),
|
||
Nov. 1, 1989, p. 4857-4862; "The energetic vacuum:
|
||
Implications for energy research," Speculations in Science
|
||
and Technology, 13(4), 1990, p. 247-257; "Gravity as a Zero-
|
||
Point Fluctuation Force," Physical Review A, Vol. 39, 1989,
|
||
p. 2333; "Ground State of Hydrogen as a Zero-Point-
|
||
Fluctuation-Determined State," Physical Review D, Vol. 35,
|
||
1987, p. 3266.
|
||
|
||
20. T.D. Lee, Chapter 25: Outlook, "Possibility of vacuum
|
||
engineering," Particle Physics and Introduction to Field
|
||
Theory, Harwood Academic Publishers, New York, 1981, p. 826.
|
||
The application of the extended Whittaker scalar EM is in
|
||
fact the method of accomplishing the very vacuum engineering
|
||
speculated upon by Nobel Laureate Lee.
|
||
|
||
21. Here I particularly recommend B.J. Hiley and F. David Peat,
|
||
Eds., Quantum Implications: Essays in Honour of David Bohm,
|
||
Routledge & Kegan Paul, London and New York, 1987. You
|
||
should of course also be aware of what Bohm's hidden
|
||
variable theory is all about, and its connection with
|
||
consciousness. See D. Bohm, Phys. Rev. 85, 1952, p. 166,
|
||
180; Causality and Chance in Modern Physics, Routledge &
|
||
Kegan Paul, London, 1957; "Hidden variables and the
|
||
implicate order," in Quantum Implications: Essays in Honour
|
||
of David Bohm, Eds. B.J. Hiley and F. David Peat, Routledge
|
||
& Kegan Paul, London & New York, 1987, p. 33. See also D.
|
||
Bohm and B.J. Hiley, Found. Phys. 5, 1975, p. 93; Found.
|
||
Phys. 12, 1982, p. 1001; Found. Phys. 14, 1984, p. 255. See
|
||
also Y. Aharonov and D. Albert, "The issue of retrodiction
|
||
in Bohm's theory," in Quantum Implications: Essays in Honour
|
||
of David Bohm, ibid., p. 223. For a discussion of what
|
||
nonlocal theory may really entail in terms of modular
|
||
variables, see Yakir Aharonov, "Non-local phenomena and the
|
||
Aharonov-Bohm effect," Quantum Concepts in Space and Time,
|
||
Eds. R. Penrose and C.J. Isham, Clarendon Press, Oxford,
|
||
1986, p. 41-64. For other important discussions see Lee
|
||
Smolin, "Stochastic mechanics, hidden variables, and
|
||
gravity," ibid., p. 147-173; and Abner Shimony, "Events and
|
||
processes in the quantum world," ibid., p. 182-203. For a
|
||
new viewpoint on emission processes, see Robert M. Wald,
|
||
"Correlations and causality in quantum field theory," ibid.,
|
||
p. 293-301; and Serge Haroche and Daniel Kleppner, "Cavity
|
||
quantum electrodynamics," Physics Today, Jan. 1989, p. 24-
|
||
30. See David Bohm, Wholeness and the Implicate Order,
|
||
Routledge and Kegan Paul; London, Boston, and Henley; 1980.
|
||
|
||
22. Even Einstein __ who was awarded the Nobel Prize in part for
|
||
explaining the photoelectric effect __ never understood what
|
||
a photon was. In his later years Einstein wrote: "All these
|
||
|
||
Page 7
|
||
|
||
50 years of pondering have not brought me closer to
|
||
answering the question: what are light-quanta?". The
|
||
quotation is contained in P. Speziali, Ed., Albert Einstein-
|
||
Michele Besso Correspondence 1903-1955, Hermann, Paris,
|
||
1972. There are formidable problems with the photon
|
||
concept. E.g., the "energy" of a photon is not localized,
|
||
but is distributed over the entire volume of the field and
|
||
there is, in general, no use in attaching a coordinate to
|
||
the photon. A photon in general cannot be described by a
|
||
wavefunction, but only for special cases. In geometrical
|
||
optics as well as Maxwell's electrodynamics, there is no
|
||
room for photons. The complex one-photon wavefunction
|
||
should not be identified with the electromagnetic field.
|
||
For a given photon number, the electric or magnetic fields
|
||
at a point cannot be measured as a function of time. For
|
||
states with a fixed photon number, the expectation value of
|
||
the electric field is zero even for a very large photon
|
||
number, so that in this case the correspondence principle
|
||
cannot be used. For additional strong anomalies in the
|
||
concept of a photon, see J. Strand, "Photons in introductory
|
||
quantum physics," American Journal of Physics, 54(7), July
|
||
1986, p. 650-652.
|
||
|
||
23. Richard Kidd et Al, "Evolution of the Modern Photon,"
|
||
American Journal of Physics, 57(1), Jan. 1989, p. 27-35.
|
||
Note particularly that detection is actually binary, but
|
||
one-half of each detection/measurement is normally discarded
|
||
[actually, it is just hidden and listed as simply "Newton's
|
||
third law reaction force."]. See also R. Chen,
|
||
"Cancellation of Internal Forces," American Journal of
|
||
Physics, 49(4), Apr. 1981, p. 372 for the fact that the
|
||
internal EM energy is always involved in interactions, but
|
||
usually never taken into account.
|
||
|
||
Indeed, the so-called "photon interaction" is usually a
|
||
spin-2 graviton breakup interaction. The graviton fissions
|
||
(the photon and antiphoton decouple). The photon half
|
||
normally interacts with the electron shells. The antiphoton
|
||
half "burrows back into" the nucleus and interacts with it,
|
||
providing the Newtonian third law recoil and the
|
||
conservation of angular momentum, energy, etc. The
|
||
ubiquitous presence of the Newtonian third law reaction
|
||
force is direct and positive evidence for the fact that not
|
||
only a photon interacts, but an antiphoton interacts also.
|
||
|
||
Consider. Quantum field theory requires that every
|
||
mechanical force be generated by virtual photon
|
||
interactions. Therefore, to be consistent, Newton's third
|
||
law reaction force must be generated by photon interaction.
|
||
Since the 3rd law force is considered to be universal, it
|
||
means that the "photon interaction that is a reverse of the
|
||
normal photon interaction" is universal, and this "reversed
|
||
photon" interaction must normally accompany each normal
|
||
photon interaction. We point out that the only type of
|
||
photon that would consistently produce the exact opposite
|
||
force from the photon interaction would be a phase conjugate
|
||
or time-reversal of that photon. I.e., there must have been
|
||
two photons present in the interaction: the normal or time-
|
||
forward photon, and the time-reversed or antiphoton. This
|
||
|
||
Page 7
|
||
|
||
is actually implied by a quantum field theory statement of
|
||
Newton's third law.
|
||
|
||
However, the point can be even more rigorously proven. In a
|
||
phase conjugate material, one can trick the antiphoton into
|
||
exiting out of the atom, instead of interacting in the
|
||
nucleus. In that case, according to the "photon interaction
|
||
is normally graviton interaction" principle, the agent that
|
||
normally generates Newton's third law recoil did not reach
|
||
the nucleus, and so the recoil should be absent. And it is
|
||
absent, in actual experiments. Such a phase conjugate
|
||
mirror does not recoil if it emits a phase conjugate replica
|
||
wave (phase conjugate photons, or antiphotons). And it
|
||
doesn't recoil no matter how powerful that antiphoton
|
||
emission is __ no matter how many antiphotons it emits. On
|
||
the other hand, if the same material emits an ordinary
|
||
photon, it does recoil, and Newton's third law is present.
|
||
This experiment directly establishes that most photon
|
||
interactions actually are graviton interactions __ paired
|
||
photon/antiphoton interactions.
|
||
|
||
24. To see just how arbitrary and postulational are present
|
||
"definitions" of mass and force, see Robert Bruce Lindsay
|
||
and Henry Margenau, Foundations of Physics, Dover
|
||
Publications, New York, 1963, p. 283-287. Note on page 283
|
||
that a "field of force" at any point is actually defined
|
||
only for the case when a unit mass is present at that point.
|
||
See also Richard P. Feynman, Robert B. Leighton, and Matthew
|
||
Sands, The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Addison-Wesley, New
|
||
York, Vol 1, p. 2-4, for a definition of the electric field
|
||
in context of its potentiality for producing a force. The
|
||
modern view of the field is that, because of vacuum
|
||
fluctuations, rigorously one no longer speaks of "the"
|
||
field, but of the probability of a particular field
|
||
configuration. See Charles W. Misner, Kip S. Thorne, and
|
||
John Archibald Wheeler, Gravitation, W.H. Freeman and Co.,
|
||
San Francisco, 1973, p. 1191. Note that this view is still
|
||
in error when one considers electron precession in the
|
||
interaction of vacuum "fields" and the electron gas inside a
|
||
detecting probe wire.
|
||
|
||
25. Aharonov and Bohm, Physical Review, 1959, ibid.
|
||
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
If you have comments or other information relating to such topics
|
||
as this paper covers, please upload to KeelyNet or send to the
|
||
Vangard Sciences address as listed on the first page.
|
||
Thank you for your consideration, interest and support.
|
||
|
||
Jerry W. Decker.........Ron Barker...........Chuck Henderson
|
||
Vangard Sciences/KeelyNet
|
||
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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