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30 KiB
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595 lines
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(word processor parameters LM=8, RM=75, TM=2, BM=2)
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Taken from KeelyNet BBS (214) 324-3501
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Sponsored by Vangard Sciences
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There are ABSOLUTELY NO RESTRICTIONS
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on duplicating, publishing or distributing the
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files on KeelyNet except where noted!
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January 2, 1991
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MEYER2.ASC
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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This file courteously shared with Keelynet by Jim Shaffer.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A FUEL GAS (US Pat # 4,936,961)
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Related Application:
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This is a continuation-in -part of my co-pending application
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Ser. No. 081,859, filed 8/5/87, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,826, 581.
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Field of Invention:
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This invention relates to a method of and apparatus for obtaining
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the release of a fuel gas mixture including hydrogen and oxygen from
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water.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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BACKGROUND OF THE PRIOR ART
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Numerous processes have been proposed for separating a water
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molecule into its elemental hydrogen and oxygen components.
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Electrolysis is one such process. Other processes are described in
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the United States patents such as 4,344,831; 4,184,931; 4,023,545;
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3,980, 053; and Patent Corporation Treaty application No.
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PCT/US80/1362, Published 30 April, 1981.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
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It is an object of the invention to provide a fuel cell and a
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process in which molecules of water are broken down into hydrogen
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and oxygen gases, and other formerly dissolved within the water is
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produced. As used herein the term "fuel cell" refers to a single
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unit of the invention comprising a water capacitor cell, as
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hereinafter explained, that produces the fuel gas in accordance with
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the method of the invention.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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Brief Description of the Drawings
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FIG. 1 illustrates a circuit useful in the process.
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FIG. 2 shows a perspective of a "water capacitor" element used
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in the fuel cell circuit.
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FIGS. 3A through 3F are illustrations depicting the theoretical
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bases for the phenomena encountered during operation of
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the invention herein.
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Page 1
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Description of the Preferred Embodiment:
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In brief, the invention is a method of obtaining the release of a
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gas mixture including hydrogen on oxygen and other dissolved gases
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formerly entrapped in water, from water consisting of:
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(A) providing a capacitor, in which the water is included as a
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dielectric liquid between capacitor plates, in a resonate
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charging choke circuit that includes an inductance in series
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with the capacitor;
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(B) subjecting the capacitor to a pulsating, unipolar electric
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voltage field in which the polarity does no pass beyond an
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arbitrary ground, whereby the water molecules within the
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capacitor are subjected to a charge of the same polarity and
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the water molecules are distended by their subjection to
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electrical polar forces;
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(C) Further subjecting in said capacitor to said pulsating
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electric field to achieve a pulse frequency such that the
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Pulsating electric field induces a resonance within the
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water molecule;
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(D) continuing the application of the pulsating frequency to the
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capacitor cell after resonance occurs so that the energy
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level within the molecule is increased in cascading
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incremental steps in proportion to the number of pulses;
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(E) maintaining the charge of said capacitor during the
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application of the pulsing field, whereby the co-valent
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electrical bonding of the hydrogen and oxygen atoms within
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said molecules is destabilized such that the force of the
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electrical field applied, as the force is effective within
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the molecule, exceeds the bonding force of the molecule, and
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hydrogen and oxygen atoms are liberated from the molecule as
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elemental gases; and
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(F) collecting said hydrogen and oxygen gases, and any other
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gases that were formerly dissolved within the water, and
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discharging the collected gases as a fuel gas mixture.
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The process follows the sequence of steps shown in the following
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Table 1 in which water molecules are subjected to increasing
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electrical forces. In an ambient state, randomly oriented water
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molecules are aligned with respect to a molecule polar orientation.
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They are next, themselves polarized and "elongated" by the
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application of an electrical potential to the extent that covalent
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bonding of the water molecule is so weakened that the atoms
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dissociate and the molecule breaks down into hydrogen and oxygen
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elemental components.
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Engineering design parameters based on known theoretical principles
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of electrical circuits determine the incremental levels of
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electrical and wave energy input required to produce resonance in
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the system whereby the fuel gas comprised of a mixture of hydrogen,
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oxygen, and other gases such as air test were formerly dissolved
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within the water, is produced.
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Page 2
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TABLE 1
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-------------------------------------------------------------------
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Process Steps:
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The sequence of the relative state of the water molecule
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and/or hydrogen/oxygen/other atoms:
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-------------------------------------------------------------------
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A. (ambient state) random
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B. Alignment of polar fields
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C. Polarization of molecule
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D. Molecular elongation
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E. Atom liberation by breakdown of covalent bond
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F. Release of gases
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-------------------------------------------------------------------
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In the process, the point of optimum gas release is reached at a
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circuit resonance. Water in the fuel cell is subjected to a
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pulsating, polar electric field produced by the electrical circuit
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whereby the water molecules are distended by reason of their
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subjection to electrical polar forces of the capacitor plates.
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The polar pulsating frequency applied is such that the pulsating
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electric field induces a resonance in the molecule. A cascade effect
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occurs and the overall energy level of specific water molecules is
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increased in cascading, incremental steps.
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The hydrogen and oxygen atomic gases, and other gas components
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formerly entrapped as dissolved gases in water, are released when
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the resonant energy exceeds the co-valent bonding force of the water
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molecule. A preferred construction material for the capacitor plates
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is stainless steel T-304 which is non-chemical reactive with water,
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hydrogen, or oxygen.
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An electrically conductive material which is inert in the fluid
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environment is a desirable material of construction for the
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electrical field plates of the "water capacitor" employed in the
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circuit.
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Once triggered, the gas output is controllable by the attenuation of
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operational parameters. Thus, once the frequency of resonance is
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identified, by varying the applied pulse voltage to the water fuel
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cell assembly, gas output is varied.
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By varying the pulse shape and/or amplitude or pulse train sequence
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of the initial pulsing wave source, final gas output is varied.
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Attenuation of the voltage field frequency in the form of OFF and ON
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pulses likewise affects output.
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The overall apparatus thus includes an electrical circuit in which a
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water capacitor having a known dielectric property is an element.
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The fuel gases are obtained from the water by the disassociation of
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the water molecule. The water molecules are split into component
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atomic elements (hydrogen and oxygen gases) by a voltage stimulation
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process called the electrical polarization process which also
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releases dissolved gases entrapped in the water.
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From the outline of physical phenomena associated with the process
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described in Table 1, the theoretical basis of the invention
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Page 3
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considers the respective states of molecules and gases and ions
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derived from liquid water. Before voltage stimulation, water
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molecules are randomly dispersed throughout water in a container.
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When a unipolar voltage pulse train such as shown in FIGS. 3B
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through 3F is applied to positive and negative capacitor plates, an
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increasing voltage potential is induced in the molecules in a
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linear, step like charging effect.
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The electrical field of the particles within a volume of water
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including the electrical field plates increases from a low energy
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state to a high energy state successively is a step manner following
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each pulse-train as illustrated figuratively in the depictions of
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FIG. 3A through 3F.
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The increasing voltage potential is always positive in direct
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relationship to negative ground potential during each pulse. The
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voltage polarity on the plates which create the voltage fields
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remains constant although the voltage charge increases. Positive and
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negative voltage "zones" are thus formed simultaneously in the
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electrical field of the capacitor plates.
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In the first stage of the process described in Table 1, because the
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water molecule naturally exhibits opposite electrical fields in a
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relatively polar configuration (the two hydrogen atoms are
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positively electrically charged relative to the negative
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electrically charged oxygen atom), the voltage pulse causes
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initially randomly oriented water molecules in the liquid state to
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spin and orient themselves with reference to positive and negative
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poles of the voltage fields applied.
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The positive electrically charged hydrogen atoms of said water
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molecule are attracted to a negative voltage field; while, at the
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same time, the negative electrically charged oxygen atoms of the
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same water molecule are attracted to a positive voltage field.
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Even a slight potential difference applied to inert, conductive
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plates of a containment chamber which forms a capacitor will
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initiate polar atomic orientation within the water molecule based on
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polarity differences.
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When the potential difference applied causes the orientated water
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molecules to align themselves between the conductive plates, pulsing
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causes the voltage field intensity to be increased in accordance
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with FIG. 3B. As further molecule alignment occurs, molecular
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movement is hindered.
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Because the positively charged hydrogen atoms of said aligned
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molecules are attracted in a direction opposite to the negatively
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charged oxygen atoms, a polar charge alignment or distribution
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occurs within the molecules between said voltage zones, as shown in
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FIG. 3B. And as the energy level of the atoms subjected to resonant
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pulsing increases, the stationary water molecules become elongated
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as shown in FIGS. 3C and 3D. Electrically charged nuclei and
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electrons are attracted toward opposite electrically charged
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equilibrium of the water molecule.
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As the water molecule is further exposed to an increasing potential
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difference resulting from the step charging of the capacitor, the
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Page 4
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electrical force of attraction of the atoms within the molecule to
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the capacitor plates of the chamber also increase in strength. As a
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result, the co-valent bonding between which form the molecule is
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weakened - and ultimately terminated. The negatively charged
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electron is attracted toward the positively charged hydrogen atoms,
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while at the same time, the negatively charged oxygen atoms repel
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electrons.
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In a more specific explanation of the "sub-atomic" action the occurs
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in the water fuel cell, it is known that natural water is a liquid
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which has a dielectric constant of 78.54 at 20 degrees C. and 1 atm
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pressure. [Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 68th ed., CRC
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Press(Boca Raton, Florida (1987-88)), Section E-50. H20(water)].
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When a volume of water is isolated and electrically conductive
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plates, that are chemically inert in water and are separated by a
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distance, are immersed in water, a capacitor is formed, having a
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capacitance determined by the surface area of the plates, the
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distance of their separation and the dielectric constant of water.
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When water molecules are exposed to voltage at a restricted current,
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water takes on an electrical charge. By the laws of electrical
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attraction, molecules align according to positive and negative
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polarity fields of the molecule and the alignment field . The plates
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of the capacitor constitute such as alignment field when a voltage
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is applied.
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When a charge is applied to a capacitor, the electrical charge of
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the capacitor equals the applied voltage charge; in a water
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capacitor, the dielectric property of water resists the flow of amps
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in the circuit, and the water molecule itself, because it has
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polarity fields formed by the relationship of hydrogen and oxygen in
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the co-valent bond, and intrinsic dielectric property, becomes part
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of the electrical circuit, analogues to a "mircocapacitor" within
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the capacitor defined by the plates.
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In the Example of a fuel cell circuit of FIG. 1, a water capacitor
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is included. The step-up coil is formed on a conventional torroidal
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core formed of a compressed ferromagnetic powered material that will
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not itself become permanently magnetized, such as the trademarked
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"Ferramic 06# "Permag" powder as described in Siemens Ferrites
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Catalog, CG-2000-002-121, (Cleveland, Ohio) No. F626-1205". The
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core is 1.50 inch in diameter and 0.25 inch in thickness. A primary
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coil of 200 turns of 24 gauge coppe r wire is provided and coil of
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600 turns of 36 gauge wire comprises the secondary winding.
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In the circuit of FIG 1, the diode is a 1N1198 diode which acts as a
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blocking diode and an electric switch that allows voltage flow in
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one direction only. Thus, the capacitor is never subjected to a
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pulse of reverse polarity.
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The primary coil of the torroid is subject to a 50% duty cycle
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pulse. The torroidal pulsing coil provides a voltage step-up from
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the pulse generator in excess of five times, although the relative
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amount of step-up is determined by pre-selected criteria for a
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particular application. As the stepped-up pulse enters first
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inductor (formed from 100 turns of 24 gauge wire 1 inch in
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diameter), an electromagnetic field is formed around the inductor,
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voltage is switched off when the pulse ends, and the field collapses
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Page 5
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and produces another pulse of the same polarity; i.e., another
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positive pulse is formed where the 50% duty cycle was terminated.
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Thus, a double pulse frequency is produced; however, in pulse train
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of unipolar pulses, there is a brief time when pulses are not
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present.
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By being so subjected to electrical pulses in the circuit of FIG. 1,
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water confined in the volume that includes the capacitor plates
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takes on an electrical charge that is increased by a step charging
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phenomenon occurring in the water capacitor. Voltage continually
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increases (to about 1000 volts and more) and the water molecules
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starts to elongate.
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The pulse train is then switched off; the voltage across the water
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capacitor drops to the amount of the charge that the water molecules
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have taken on i.e. voltage is maintained across the charged
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capacitor. The pulse train is the reapplied.
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Because a voltage potential applied to a capacitor can perform work,
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the higher the voltage the higher the voltage potential, the more
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work us performed by a given capacitor. In an optimum capacitor that
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is wholly non-conductive, zero (0) current flow will occur across
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the capacitor.
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Thus, in view of an idealized capacitor circuit, the object of the
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water capacitor circuit is to prevent electron flow through the
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circuit, i.e. such as occurs by electron flow or leakage through a
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resistive element that produces heat.
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Electrical leakage in the water will occur, however, because of some
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residual conductivity and impurities or ions that may be otherwise
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present in the water. Thus, the water capacitor is preferably
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chemically inert. An electrolyte is not added to the water.
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In the isolated water bath, the water molecule takes on charge, and
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the charge increases. The object of the process is to switch off the
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co-valent bonding of the water molecule and interrupt the sub-atomic
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force, i.e. the electrical force or electromagnetic force, that
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binds the hydrogen and oxygen atoms to form a molecule so that the
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hydrogen and oxygen separate.
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Because an electron will only occupy a certain electron shell
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(shells are well known) the voltage applied to the capacitor affects
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the electrical forces inherent in the co-valent bond. As a result of
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the charge applied by the plates, the applied force becomes greater
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than the force of the co-valent bonds between the atom of the water
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molecule; and the water molecule becomes elongated. When this
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happens, the time share ratio of the electron shells is modified.
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In the process, electrons are extracted from the water bath;
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electrons are not consumed nor are electrons introduced into the
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water bath by the circuit as electrons are conventionally introduced
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in as electrolysis process. There may nevertheless occur a leakage
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current through the water.
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Those hydrogen atoms missing electrons become neutralized; atoms are
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liberated from the water. The charged atoms and electrons are
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attracted to the opposite polarity voltage zones created between the
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capacitor plates. The electrons formerly shared by atoms in the
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Page 6
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water co-valent bond are reallocated such that neutral elemental
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gases are liberated.
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In the process, the electrical resonance may be reached at all
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levels of voltage potential. The overall circuit is characterized as
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a "resonant charging choke" circuit which is an inductor in series
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with a capacitor that produces a resonant circuit. [SAMS Modern
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Dictionary of Electronics, Rudolf Garff, copy right 1984, Howard W.
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Sams & Co. (Indianapolis, Ind.), page 859.]
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Such a resonant charging choke is on each side of the capacitor. In
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the circuit, the diode acts as a switch that allows the magnetic
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field produced in the inductor to collapse, thereby doubling the
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pulse frequency and preventing the capacitor from discharging. In
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this manner a continuous voltage is produced across the capacitor
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plates in the water bath; and the capacitor does not discharge. The
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water molecules are thus subjected to a continuously charged field
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until the breakdown of the co-valent bond occurs.
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As noted initially, the capacitance depends on the dielectric
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properties of the water and the size and separation of the
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conductive elements forming the water capacitor.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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EXAMPLE 1
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In an example of the circuit of FIG. 1 (in which other circuit
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element specifications are provided above), two concentric cylinders
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4 inches long formed the water capacitor of the fuel cell in the
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volume of water. The outside cylinder was .75 inch in outside
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diameter; the inner cylinder was 0.5 inch in outside diameter.
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Spacing from the outside of the inner cylinder to the inner surface
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of the outside cylinder was 0.0625 inch. Resonance in the circuit
|
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was achieved at a 26 volt applied pulse to the primary coil of the
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torroid at 0KHz, and the water molecules disassociated into
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elemental hydrogen and oxygen and the gas released from the fuel
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cell comprised a mixture of hydrogen, oxygen from the water
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molecule, and gases formerly dissolved in the water such as the
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atmospheric gases or oxygen, nitrogen, and argon.
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In achieving resonance in any circuit, as the pulse frequency is
|
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adjusted, the flow of amps is minimized and the voltage is maximized
|
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to a peak. Calculation of the resonance frequency of an overall
|
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circuit is determined by known means; different cavities have a
|
|
different frequency of resonance dependant on parameters of the
|
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water dielectric, plate size, configuration and distance, circuit
|
|
inductors, and the like. Control of the production of fuel gas is
|
|
determined by variation of the period of time between a train of
|
|
pulses, pulse amplitude and capacitor plate size and configuration,
|
|
with corresponding value adjustments to other circuit components.
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|
|
The wiper arm on the second conductor tunes the circuit and
|
|
accommodates to contaminants in water so that the charge is always
|
|
applied to the capacitor. The voltage applied determines the rate of
|
|
breakdown of the molecule into its atomic components. As water in
|
|
the cell is consumed, it is replaced by any appropriate means or
|
|
control system.
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|
Page 7
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|
Variations of the process and apparatus may be evident to those
|
|
skilled in the art.
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|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------
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|
|
What is claimed is:
|
|
|
|
1. A method of obtaining the release of a gas mixture including
|
|
hydrogen and oxygen and other dissolved gases formerly
|
|
entrapped in water, from water, consisting of:
|
|
|
|
(A) providing a capacitor in which water is included as a
|
|
dielectric between capacitor plates, in a resonant
|
|
charging choke circuit that includes an inductance in
|
|
series with the capacitor;
|
|
(B) subjecting the capacitor to a pulsating, uinpolar electric
|
|
charging voltage in which the polarity does not pass
|
|
beyond an arbitrary ground, whereby the water molecules
|
|
within the capacitor plates;
|
|
(C) further subjecting the water in said capacitor to a
|
|
pulsating electric field resulting from the subjection of
|
|
the capacitor to the charging voltage such that the
|
|
pulsating electric field induces a resonance within the
|
|
water molecules;
|
|
(D) continuing the application of the pulsating charging
|
|
voltage to the capacitor after the resonance occurs so
|
|
that the energy level within the molecules is increased in
|
|
cascading incremental steps in proportion to the number of
|
|
pulses;
|
|
(E) maintaining the charge of said capacitor during the
|
|
application of the pulsating charge voltage, whereby the
|
|
co-valent electrical bonding of the hydrogen and oxygen
|
|
atoms within said molecules is destabilized, such that the
|
|
force of the electrical field applied to the molecules
|
|
exceeds the bonding force within the molecules, and the
|
|
hydrogen and oxygen atoms are liberated from the molecules
|
|
as elemental gases.
|
|
|
|
2. The method of claim 1 including the further steps of
|
|
collecting said liberated gases and any other gases that were
|
|
formerly dissolved within the water and discharging said
|
|
collected gases as a fuel gas mixture.
|
|
|
|
*** END OF PATENT TEXT ***
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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|
|
Note:
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|
|
1N1198 Diode is also a NTE 5995 or a ECG 5994. It is a 40A 600 PIV
|
|
Diode (the 40A is over kill and may not be needed).
|
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Stainless Steel "T304" is a type of weldable Stainless, but other
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types should work the same. "T304" is just the more common type of
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Stainless tubing available.
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The outer tube figures out to be 3/4" 16 gauge (.060 "wall") tube (a
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common size) cut to 4 inch length.
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Page 8
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The inner tube figure out to be 1/2" 18 gauge (.049 "wall", this is
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a common size for this tube, but the actual gauge cannot be figured
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from this patent documentation, but this size should work) cut to 4
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inch length.
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You should also attach the two leads to the Stainless, using
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Stainless solid rod (1/6 dia would do) and USE LEAD FREE SOLDER !
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(you may want the purified water that is returned to drink some
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day).
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You also need to figure out a way to keep the two tubes separated
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from each other. This could be done with small pieces of plastic.
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They cannot block the flow of water into/out of the tubes.
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It was not indicated if the inner tube is full of water or not. The
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guess here is that it is full of water, and this doesn't effect the
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device at all.
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The Patent doesn't say but I would think that insulating the leads
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with some type of tubing up to the tubes would be electrically
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correct (and probably wouldn't hurt).
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The pulse frequency was not printed, it is estimated from the size
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of the coils and transformer that the frequency doesn't exceed 50
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Mhz. Don't depend on this being fact, it's just a educated guess.
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The circuit to do this is not shown, just empty boxes. It's time to
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get out your SCOPE and try things !
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Don't forget to share your results with others ! GREED is why this
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type of thing never gets out into the world to do some GOOD.
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If you want to make some money, make something PRACTICAL that WORKS
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and that PEOPLE can use in their every day lives, then sell it!
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Holding onto information like this only hurts ALL OF US !!
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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If you have comments or other information relating to such topics
|
|
as this paper covers, please upload to KeelyNet or send to the
|
|
Vangard Sciences address as listed on the first page.
|
|
Thank you for your consideration, interest and support.
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Jerry W. Decker.........Ron Barker...........Chuck Henderson
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Vangard Sciences/KeelyNet
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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If we can be of service, you may contact
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Jerry at (214) 324-8741 or Ron at (214) 242-9346
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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Page 9
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