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463 lines
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Taken from KeelyNet BBS (214) 324-3501
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July 5, 1993
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CONSVORT.ASC
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This file shared with KeelyNet courtesy of John Draper.
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A NEW BEGINNING FOR THERMODYNAMICS
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by
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Josef Hasslberger
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Rome, 8 May 1993
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The reactions and questions received on my articles "Vortex - The
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natural movement" and Understanding Water Power" show that there is
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much interest in the subject of thermodynamics.
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In fact, the "laws of thermodynamics" have long been the subject of
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heated debate, especially between the promoters and the detractors
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of another field, that of "perpetual motion".
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Joachim Kirchhoff, who has done a thorough research on the
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development and the history of thermodynamics (1) has shown that
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these laws, and especially the basic assumption of conservation of
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energy, can be traced back to an authoritative pronunciation of the
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Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris, made in the year 1775, saying
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henceforth, the Academy "will no longer accept or deal with
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proposals concerning perpetual motion". Their reasoning was, that
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perpetual motion is impossible to achieve and that the search for
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it, is time consuming and very expensive. According to the members
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of the academy, those bright minds dedicating their time and
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resources to this search, could be utilized much better in other,
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more reasonable endeavors.
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So the fact that until that time, no one had succeeded in
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constructing a workable device of "perpetual motion", was used as
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the reason to forbid, de facto, any further research in that
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direction. The "laws" thus established and enshrined as the laws of
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thermodynamics, have entered the official screening process of all
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new inventions. Patent offices all over the world have more or less
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consistently refused since then, to grant recognition to anything
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that was, in their opinion, infringing upon these laws.
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Herbrand writes (2) that Professor Pollermann of the Julich Atomic
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Research Institute in Germany, who is an "expert" pre-examiner of
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patents in the energy sector, has given a negative opinion on 43% of
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the patent applications referred to him! He reasons that "the
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natural laws accepted by science must be followed" and says that
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Page 1
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many people (in his view irrationally) "wish to make use of the
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eternal forces of gravitation and magnetism".
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We can see from this how efficient our current patent system is in
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suppressing any real renewal in the field of physics. I have
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written about the subject of patents in an earlier article (3).
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CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
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There is such a thing as conservation of energy. However our
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understanding of the concept is largely incomplete. By negating the
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idea of an ether, which I called "space background" (4), we have
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limited our conception of energy to that which is observable on the
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purely physical plane. All electric and magnetic as well as
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gravitational phenomena however, are not purely physical. They
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require for their understanding, a conception of a higher-
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dimensional space background, which is, to use the term of Moray, a
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"sea of energy".
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Conservation of energy in the current form of understanding is a
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useless concept, as it negates the existence of this giant reservoir
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of energy, and does not take into account the constant interchange
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(through the phenomena of electricity, magnetism and gravitation),
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of our world of physical existence with that reservoir. Generation
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of electrical energy through magnetism for example, is not limited
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to the mechanical motive power applied to a generator and the
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movement of electrons through a wire, but involves a complex
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exchange between space background and physical machinery.
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In this context, it may be profitable to remember a statement that
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Robert Myer (5) made in connection with the concept of conservation
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of energy. He said: "Seeing gravity as the cause of the falling of
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things, we talk about gravitation and thereby overlook, that an
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essential characteristic of an 'force' (energy) is to unify within
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itself, the attributes of indestructibility and mutability."
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This statement should set us thinking. Meyer in fact asserts that
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energy, in addition to being indestructible, is also able to change
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form. This implies that we can not necessarily think in terms of
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unidirectional mutability, a concept which thermodynamics has
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however maintained since the inception of its famous "laws".
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Now the specific form of energy which is the subject of
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thermodynamics is heat.
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WHAT IS HEAT?
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As a first step in our approach to the understanding of
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thermodynamics, we must try to understand what is this substance
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that forms the basis of the theory. Heat has at first been imagined
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to be a fluid and has been given the name "caloric". Soon caloric
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theory, which was at the basis of our famous "laws", gave way to the
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contemporary understanding, that heat is an excited state of matter,
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transferred through direct contact or through the mediation of
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electromagnetic waves of the infrared band. Absence of heat, or the
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temperature of absolute zero, is defined as a complete absence of
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molecular motion.
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Page 2
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We shall, for the time being, accept this concept and add some other
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thoughts:
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o Heat is a property of matter. Without matter, no
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heat.
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o The molecular motion that we call heat is a chaotic,
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a random motion.
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o An increase of heat is an increase of randomity in
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matter. A decrease in heat denotes progressively
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greater order of molecular alignment.
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TWO KINDS OF MOTION
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In this universe, we have two basic kind of motion:
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centrifugal and centripetal,
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Centrifugal motion is outward directed. It is an expanding, a
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radiating, explosive motion. It has a tendency to increase the
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randomity in matter and thereby cause heat.
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This is the this kind of motion we are accustomed to. It has been
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used in our technology since the discovery of fire, and especially
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since the invention of the steam engine and the consequent
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industrial revolution. Our continued and exclusive use of this
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motion has given us useful but dangerous machinery, polluting
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internal combustion engines, radio and microwave technology that has
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definite negative effect on human, animal and plant life and last
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but not least, the daughter of the atomic bomb, our atomic power
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plant, which is little more than a steam turbine using a very
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dangerous source of heat, radioactive uranium.
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We do not have to look far to see the results of this technology: A
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decrease in atmospheric oxygen from 30% to 21% since the start of
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the industrial revolution, a crisis of raw materials and energy of
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gigantic proportions just around the corner, and a situation where
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it is almost impossible today to find some clean air to breathe or
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some real fresh, healthy spring water to drink.
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Centripetal motion on the other hand, is inward directed. It is a
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contracting, a gravitative, an implosive kind of motion. It has a
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tendency to align and de-randomize the particles of matter and
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causes a decrease in temperature. Centripetal motion is associated
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with the animating force we call life, which physics in its desire
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to be "objective" or "scientific", has steadfastly refused to look
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at. Here we have the key to resolving the riddle of thermodynamics.
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We can see how nature, using both these type of motion in a balanced
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way, can ever regenerate itself. It simply goes, over and over
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again, through a who cycle of
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chaos ---> build-up ---> decay ---> chaos,
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using the centripetal or vortex motion in the build-up part of the
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cycle and the radiative, heat generating motion in the decay part.
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Page 3
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ENTROPY
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The idea of entropy, of the constant and irreversible winding down
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of the universe, was introduced with the second law of
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thermodynamics. This law is based on an observation of James Watt's
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steam machine, which was the only technological utilization of
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thermal energy available at the time.
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Entropy is associated with radiation. It signifies an ever
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increasing randomity of motion, an expenditure of the "innate energy
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of a system". According to the current views of thermodynamics,
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there is no antidote to entropy. Once expended, energy is said to
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be lost forever in that giant heat sink, which we imagine the vast
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reaches of the universe to be.
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One of the great minds of this century, an outsider to established
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science, has recognized the folly of this view and coined a term for
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the antidote. He calls it syntropy.
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In his book "Cosmography", R. Buckminster Fuller writes (6): "The
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reader will discover that the inexorable course of the gradual
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running down of the energy of the universe - that is, entropy - is
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only part of the picture. Entropy has a complementary phase, which
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we designated syntropy".
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We can now assert that syntropy is real, and that it is closely
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associated with the second kind motion discussed above, with the
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centripetal, the vortex motion.
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While radiation is an entropic phenomenon, gravitation is an
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expression of syntropy.
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GRAVITATION
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We know much about radiation, but comparatively little is known
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about its "negative" twin, gravitation. I am using the term
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gravitation here in a much wider sense than is generally done in
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physics. Gravitation in this context means an electromagnetic
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phenomenon associated with a vortex in space background. It is a
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twin of radiation, only with the vector inversed. Gravitation is a
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pulling phenomenon, and the effect we are most familiar with, is
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that gravitation keeps us firmly glued to this planet. But
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gravitation is more than that. It can manifest itself in just as
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wide a range of wavelengths as radiation.
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Gravitation in this extended sense, explains for instance the
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phenomenon found in most "free energy" devices, which often show a
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marked cooling effect on their immediate environment. This is
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simply radiation in reverse, caused by an independent source of
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gravitation, a point of attraction, which causes energy to "inflow"
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towards that point, rather than expanding outwards from it, as we
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usually observe.
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Anti-gravity thereby becomes accessible to engineering. If
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gravitation is nothing but an inverse radiation, a pulling
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phenomenon associated with a vortex, all we need to do in order to
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obtain levitation or anti-gravity, is to establish an independent
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source of gravitation and orient it in opposition to the gravitation
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Page 4
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of this planet. Applications in space propulsion would be
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comparatively easy to engineer.
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How do we establish an independent source of gravitation? We
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establish, by whatever mean available, magnetic, mechanic or
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otherwise, a strong vortex in the background field of space. There
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are numerous examples of such occurrences in the tales that surround
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the field of "free energy", that have not been understood so far and
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therefore were incredulously dismissed as the fantasies of a bunch
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of loonies.
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Maybe we should look at these phenomena again and try to understand
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them with the new conception we now have of gravity.
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THE THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE
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The thermodynamic cycle as currently understood is a one-way street.
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It leads from a source of heat (fuel) via combustion to motion, but
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the heat must be constantly renewed through more fuel, as it is
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"lost" to the environment in the process. In an article based on
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the research of Viktor Schauberger, regarding the function of vortex
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motion, Schaffer (7) writes in 1972:
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"If the second law (of thermodynamics) does not hold true in the
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case of vortex motion, one could postulate the following cycle:
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Heat ---> Vortex ---> Motion ---> Friction ---> Heat
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Vortices therefore should be able to change heat energy into motive
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energy. This would necessitate an acceleration of flow and a
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cooling effect. Both of these can be observed in the case of
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vortices." I will not attempt to provide a mathematical description
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for the circular process, but in the terms used in this article, I
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want to restate what has be proposed by Schaffer, to put forth a new
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and radically different thermodynamic circular process:
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|---------------
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\/ |
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Centrifugal motion |
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(expansive, explosive) |
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\/ |
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Radiation |
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\/ |
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Heat Increase |
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\/ |
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Centripetal motion |
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(contractive, implosive) |
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\/ |
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Gravitation |
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\/ |
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Heat Decrease |
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\/ |
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|_______________|
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Page 5
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This is the natural thermodynamic cycle of this universe.
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Using this cycle, that is, using both the centrifugal and the
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centripetal part and thus establishing a stable pulsation, it will
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be possible to engineer new clean forms of motion-producing and
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energy-producing machinery, that do not depend on fuel such as
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petrol, coal or gas for their motion. Does that sound like a
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perpetuum mobile?
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WHAT IS A PERPETUUM MOBILE?
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I think we have to reconsider our strict negation of the possibility
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of any perpetuum mobile, which ultimately is based on nothing other
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than the ideas of the honorable members of the French Academy of
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Sciences of 1775. In fact, any machine which is constructed
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according to the principles of nature, using the cycle as described
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here, will have characteristics of what used to be called a
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perpetuum mobile.
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This does not mean, that the law of conservation of energy is
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violated.
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We have found a way, in other words, to tap into the very wheelwork
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of nature an utilize its energies more efficiently.
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At this point, I would like to thank all those inventors who have
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encountered these phenomena in their research and who, despite a
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completely inadequate scientific basis, have persisted to make their
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inventions reality. I would like to acknowledge that their
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inventions are real. Despite any refusal of patent examiners, and
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despite the usual incredulity they have encountered everywhere.
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It should also be said that this article would not have been
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possible without the immense work Viktor Schauberger has done in
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observing and describing the mechanics inherent in the vortex motion
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of water, and without those that have collected and published what
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was left of Schauberger's writing to keep the flame of this
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knowledge alive for future generations.
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One last word about thermodynamics: It seems that thing went wrong
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when we were trying to imagine a closed system. This is something
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achievable only in theory. Because every system existing within
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this universe in constant and continuous exchange with the rest of
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the universe. And how this universe is made, what it consists of
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and how it functions, we have not even remotely begun to understand.
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Josef Hasslberger
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REFERENCES:
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1. Kirchhoff, Joachim "Perpetuum Mobile und Klima-
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Katastrophe: in raum&zeit No. 45 and 46.
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2. Herbrand, Ludwig "Erinnerungen eines
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Entwicklungsingenieurs", page 10, own computer printing
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by Ludwid Herbrand, D-5144 Wegberg.
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3. Hasslberger, Josef "The inventor and society" in
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raum&zeit (American) No.4, October 1989.
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Page 6
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4. Hasslberger, Josef "Vortex, the Natural Movement", in
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EXPLORE!
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5. Quoted from a letter of Neise, Theodore Ludwig, published
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in raum&zeit No. 63, 1993, page 98.
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6. Fuller, R. Buckminster "Cosmography", page 51.
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Macmillian Publishing Co. 1992.
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7. Schaffer, Bernhard "Die Wirbelfunktion als Energiequelle"
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in Implosion No. 43.
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[Viktor Schauberger's book "Living Water", which details his
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observations and experiments with vortex motion, may be
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obtained from Tri-State Press, PO Box 150, Long Creek
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Highway, Long Creek, SC 29658. Telephone (803) 647-2020.]
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