919 lines
48 KiB
Plaintext
919 lines
48 KiB
Plaintext
DEVELOPMENT OF (ASCII) TEXT ART:
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=Text pictures are created by hand.
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=Concrete poetry is created with aide of typesetting and the
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early typewriter (also called "typography").
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=Typewriter art is first documented in 1898; becomes an art form.
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=Radio teletype (RTTY) art is created using the Baudot 5-bit code.
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=Paper-tape art and punch card art are created as early forms of
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'computer' art.
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=The ASCII code is created in the early 1960s and is
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standardized in 1968.
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=Early ASCII art - the first years of the Internet, BBS, and underground
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ASCII /ANSI art "groups".
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=Cousins of ASCII art--
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ANSI art, America Online's 'MACRO art', and mIRC pop-ups
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=ASCII art today and in the future...
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.:*~*:._.:*~*:._.:*~*:._.:*~*:._.:*~*:._.:*~*:._.:*~*:._.:*~*:._.:*~*:.
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PICTURES AS "TEXT"
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ASCII art and other "keyboard" art uses basic text characters to
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create a picture. Long ago, the written word did not consist of
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"text". Ironically, the first written documents consisted of
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pictures which represented ideas and objects-- not letters or text characters.
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An example of this are the hieroglyphics on tombs in the Valley of the
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Kings in Luxor, Egypt.
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TEXT AS PICTURES - HAND DRAWN
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Over time, the written word developed into symbols which looked
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more like present-day text. The very first text art pictures were
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drawn by hand. Creative people used ornamental penmanship to create
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wondrously beautiful documents and pictures. The monastic monks created
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breath-taking manuscripts which incorporated letters of text into their art.
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However, there were few other pieces of art that were made from text characters.
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Individuals continued creating text art images by hand. During
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the Korean War (circa 1950), a very talented Korean named 'Gwang Hyuk Lee'
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made a hand drawn text picture depicting Jesus. He used the entire text
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in the Bible's "Book of John" to create this multi-colored image. Rumor
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has it that he was killed by the North Korean communists for creating
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this 16" x 20" picture. This work of art is beautiful and created entirely
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by hand! It must've taken an incredibly long time to complete.
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Gwang Hyuk Lee's hand drawn - "Book of John" - black & white image
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http://www.geocities.com/spunk1111/newtext.jpg
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Gwank Hyuk Lee's hand drawn "Book of John" - color image
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http://www.geocities.com/spunkers1111/ascii.jpg
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I don't have any further information about this example of hand drawn text art-- I've
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been told that a poster of this artwork used to be available but I don't know where it
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can be found.
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Shaped texts became popular as part of the concrete and visual poetry movement.
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French poet and surrealist, Guillaume Apollinaire (1880-1918), used the shaped text
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in his handwritten visual word poems. These visual word poems were given the term
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"calligrams" (1917).
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According to the Ruth and Marvin Sackner Archive of Concrete and Visual Poetry:
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http://www.library.miami.edu/treasure/chapters/chaptr17.html
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"The calligrams of Apollinaire represent an important and original
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landmark in the history of visual and shaped poetry. These calligraphic
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poems may be considered as one of the precursors of modern concrete
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poetry."
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.:*~*:._.:*~*:._.:*~*:.
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TEXT AS PICTURES - TYPOGRAPHY
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People were relieved from writer's cramp once mechanical methods to create text
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were created. The Chinese are generally recognized as the first group of people to
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develop the stamp/ink printing process (2nd Century AD) and the movable-type
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printing process (11th Century AD).
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It wasn't until the year 1450 that Johannes Gutenberg (along with businessman,
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Johann Fust and calligrapher, Peter Schoeffer) invented the printing press in
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Germany. It was based on a wine-press design and could print about 300 pages a
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day. As a result, books were produced more quickly and for lower cost. The art of
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typography could begin!
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A nice example of typography is from the 1865 book, Alice in Wonderland, by Lewis
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Carroll (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson). The following tail of a mouse is from Chapter III,
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"A Caucus Race and a Long Tale":
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"It _is_ a long tail, certainly," said Alice, looking
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down with wonder at the Mouse's tail; "but why do you
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call it sad?" And she kept on puzzling about it while the
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Mouse was speaking, so that her idea of the tale was
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something like this:----"Fury said to
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a mouse, That
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he met in the
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house, `Let
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us both go
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to law: _I_
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will prose-
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cute _you_.--
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Come, I'll
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take no de-
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nial: We
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must have
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the trial;
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For really
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this morn-
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ing I've
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nothing
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to do.'
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Said the
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mouse to
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the cur,
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`Such a
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trial, dear
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sir. With
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no jury
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or judge,
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would
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be wast-
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ing our
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breath.'
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`I'll be
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judge,
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I'll be
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jury,'
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said
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cun-
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ning
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old
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Fury:
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`I'll
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try
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the
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whole
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cause,
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and
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con-
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demn
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you to
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death'."
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Alice in Wonderland was published a few years before the typewriter was invented.
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Therefore, it can be considered as one of the first printed text art creations.
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Concrete poetry and typography continues today as evidenced by this modern 1997
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example created by 'Donovan' (Xdonovan@misslink.net ICQ#: 812836):
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The Dolphins' Way,
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In Me Aspirations of the living
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sea The dolphins do move within me The aura of
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their soul, I feel deep down To be in the water
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and not on ground Sifting through the
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ocean, an expressing show Communi-
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cation of a song and a blow Pro-
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tecting even those not of their
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kind They ask nothing in return,
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they do not mind The most gracious
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and unselfish of all that wander I
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wish to swim with them, nothing could
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be fonder The dolphins mean so much
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to me, you see I need to thank them,
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for showing us how to be (Donovan 1997)
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http://www.misslink.net/donovan/
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.:*~*:._.:*~*:._.:*~*:.
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TEXT AS PICTURES -- TYPEWRITER
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To many people, Christopher Latham Sholes is considered to be the
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inventor of the modern typewriter. His first machine was completed
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in September of 1867. E. Remington & Sons manufactured the
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typewriter in 1874. The keyboard has changed many times but the basic
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characters remains. There is an extensive history to the evolution
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of the typewriter. Visit a very informative web site which identifies
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the history of the typewriter:
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http://home.earthlink.net/~dcrehr/.
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Typewriter-Related Links -history, keyboard, fonts, and more
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http://xavier.xu.edu:8000/~polt/tw-links.html
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Since 1867, people have used the typewriter not only for printing
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manuscripts but creating works of art. In the 1890s, typewriter
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manufacturers and secretarial agencies organized public speed typing
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competitions. They also organized competitions for typewriter drawings.
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The earliest preserved example of typewriter art was made in 1898 by a
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woman named Flora Stacey. Not much is known about Flora Stacey except
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that she was probably a secretary. Her framed picture of a butterfly was
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published in the October 15th, 1898, edition of Pitman's Phonetic Journal.
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http://www.geocities.com/spunk1111/typebutterfly.jpg
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The entire rendering of this picture was created with the typewriter --
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yes, even the butterfly! The butterfly is composed of brackets, hyphens,
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points, oblique strokes, a single asterisk, and several "o"s.
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The journal commented:
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"We think it will be generally admitted that the illustration is in the
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highest degree creditable to the artistic ability, skill and patience of the
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lady, and to the unique capabilities of the Bar-lock for this class of work.
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It may be noted that in competitions for typewriter drawings Miss Stacey
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has been extremely successful.... An outsider, or one unaccustomed to
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the use of the typewriter, can scarcely realise what an expenditure of
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time and patience is necessary in order to successfully execute one of
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these curious drawings. The paper has, of course, to be turned and
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re-turned, and twisted in a thousand different directions, and each
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character and letter must strike precisely in the right spot. Often, just as
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some particular sketch is on the point of completion, a trifling
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miscalculation, or the accidental depression of the wrong key, will totally
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ruin it, and the whole thing has to be done over again."
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This brief synopsis describes some of the negative and positive aspects of typewriter
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art. First of all, once a mistake is made, it generally can not be corrected. There are
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no delete or overwrite keys on a typewriter. Secondly, the positioning of paper can
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be crucial. One slip and the typewritten picture may be ruined.
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There are a number of techniques available to the typewriter artist that are not
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available to the ASCII keyboard artist. A typewriter artist can manipulate the sheet of
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paper in various directions and angles. The characters can be spaced in any way --
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often overstriking another character or "half-spacing" to achieve a special effect.
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Typewriter art offers more flexibility and variation than the computer ASCII art.
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However, ASCII art is much more forgiving.
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Typewriter art was a popular art medium in the 1950s to the 1970s. There are many
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wonderful examples of typewriter art found in Alan Riddell's book, Typewriter Art
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(London, 1975). Some of the images are colorized by using tinted ink ribbon.
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Several of the images are abstract. A few of the images are portraits (Queen
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Elizabeth, the Duke of Edinburgh, Gandhi, Winston Churchill, and Henri Chopin). All
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of the pictures are superb. There is a listing of over 60 typewriter artists who have
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contributed to this 100+ image collection, one of whom is Vaclav Havel, President of
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the Czech Republic.
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I found the Henri Chopin portrait most clever as the image was created using only the
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letters of his name "henri chopin". The background of this 1974 image repeatedly
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spells out "audiopoems". The text artist is Robert Morgan. He created the image as
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a design for the sleeve of Henri Chopin's record entitled "Audiopoems" -- Tangent
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Records. (anyone else remember records and record sleeves?)
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( View the picture -- notice the overstriking technique that results in shading of the
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image -- Robert Morgan's "Henri Chopin" )
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http://www.geocities.com/spunk1111/chopin.jpg
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Another fine example of typewriter art was posted on USENET a few years back. A
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reader found an article in an unnamed magazine (1960) about a man named
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Guillermo Mendana Olivera. The article states that Mr. Olivera was a stenographer
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by day in Leon, Spain, and a keyboard artist by night. He used small o's and x's and
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periods, dashes, and commas to create his typewriter art masterpieces. And each
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picture took about 70 hours to complete! Incredible!
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http://www.geocities.com/spunk1111/asciibg.gif
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(The .gif of the magazine article was posted on the internet at:
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http://mypage.direct.ca/r/rcrawfor/ascii_bg.gif but I flagrantly copied it. With web sites
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coming and going, I wanted to make sure that I had this wonderful part of text art
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history. Good thing too, if you go to that URL, you'll find a big 404 error.)
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There are very few books about ASCII art. Most computer art text books deal
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with modern graphics and programming. Eventually I'd love to put together
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a publication of my ASCII art creations, information on the history of text
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art, and the"how-to create" guidelines for ASCII art. (Are there any
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publishers out there interested in such a project?) In the meantime, you're
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stuck reading my cyberspace meanderings.
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Below, you'll find a listing of typewriter art books that I've
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been able to identify.
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"Typewriter Art" by Dan Carlinsky
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(1978, Price Sloan Publishers)
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ISBN 0843104333
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"Typewriter Art" edited by Alan Riddell
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(1975, London Magazine Editions)
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ISBN 0-900626-99-2
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(Thank you Andrew Belsey for finding this
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book and forwarding it to me!)
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"Art Typing" by Nathan Krevolin
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(1962, Fearon Pittman/MacMillan Publishers)
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ISBN 0028306104
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"Typewriter Art" by Bob Neill
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"Second Book on Typewriter Art"
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by Bob Neill
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(1984, The Weavers Press)
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The book, "Art Typing", written by Nathan Krevolin, describes creating images--
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mostly text and borders-- with typewriter characters. Many of the pictures are made
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entirely out of "X"s... For example:
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XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX
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XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX
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XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXXX
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XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXXX
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XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXX
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X X X XXXXX
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X XX XX X XXX X X
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X XX XX X XXX X X
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X X XXX X X
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XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X
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This is a house
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and a tree as
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illustrated in the
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1962 book,
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"Art Typing"
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There is a section on how to make type-written reports, price lists, and menus, as well
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as how to make a card. (Perhaps a precursor to 'Print Shop'?) Some mention is made
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of half-spaces and tilting type paper to get a unique look-- neither of which apply to
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ASCII art. One page identifies 'cartooning' with keyboard characters-- this is the page
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which reminded me most of today's ASCII art... Here are two of the ten items pictured...
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*
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/
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HH
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SSSSSS
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SSSSSSSS
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S )))) S
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SS - - SS
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SSS o o SSS
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SSSS 6 SSSS
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SSS __ SSS
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SSS SSS
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W W
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WW WWW
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WWWW WWWW
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WWWWWWWWWW
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XXXXXXXXX
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XXXXXXXXXXXXX
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XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
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(__________)XXXXXX
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( ___ ___ XXXXXX
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o/ o XXXXX
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( / XXXXX
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/___) XXXXX
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( XXXX
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( ____ ) XXX
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( XX
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( ) X
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( ) *
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( ) ***
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*
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Two cartoon characters from the 1962 book, "Art Typing"
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http://www.dataweb.net/~mic/typewriterart/cat.htm
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Typewriter Art by Bob Neill - Persian Cat
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.:*~*:._.:*~*:._.:*~*:.
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TEXT AS PICTURES -- TELETYPE (RTTY)
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Similar text images were broadcast via Radio Teletype (RTTY). RTTY is a
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machine-to-machine method of communication which takes place over radio or
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telephone lines. Its purpose is not for text art transmissions, but for text communication
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between operators. The teletypewriter (or teleprinter) was invented in the early 1900s.
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The largest manufacturer of the teleprinter in the United States was the Teletype
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Corporation. The term "teletype" is used to refer to the teleprinter. However the word
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"teletype" is actually a trademark of the AT&T Teletype Corporation (much like how the
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word "xerox" took over the copying machine industry). The radio teleprinter became
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popular with the public after World War II when surplus teletype machines became
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available at a reasonable cost. These large machines provided a keyboard for input
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and a paper roll for printed output. Video monitors didn't become feasible until the
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mid-1970s. Even today, there are many active RTTY operators and clubs.
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RTTY operators (ham operators) have used various codes to transmit messages.
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These codes include BCD, EBCDIC, Morgan code, and Baudot code. However RTTY
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transmissions typically used the five-bit, 32 character Baudot code. Initially, RTTY did
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not use seven-bit ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange). ASCII
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was not standardized until 1968. There are differences between Baudot and ASCII.
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Differences include bit-size and number of characters allowed. The Baudot code uses
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numbers, upper case letters, and some punctuation characters. It does not allow for
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lower case letters. The ASCII code uses upper and lower case letters, numbers, and
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more of the "standard" punctuation characters.
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There are, of course, other differences between the two codes. For a more technical
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explanation, visit George W. Henry Jr.'s web site. George Henry (K9GWT) has put
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together a paper which describes the differences between the two codes. It provides
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some definitions for RTTY terms and examines the various interfacing standards used
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with ASCII and Baudot terminals: http://fido.wps.com/ITA/index.html Even though
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most radio amateurs In the United States use the Baudot code, they have been
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authorized by the FCC to use ASCII as well as the older Baudot code for RTTY
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communications. This took effect in March of 1980.
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Several RTTY enthusiasts have started to translate Baudot code to ASCII. If you have
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some paper tapes of Baudot/ RTTY art which need to be converted, you can find a
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program to transform them at: http://fido.wps.com/Baudot/index.html
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The text art images sent in the ham radio community consist of capital letters and are
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sent on long paper tapes. RTTY is slow. Transmissions are sent at 45 baud -- 50 baud
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is standard in New Zealand. Compare that to the 53,000 baud modem connections
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that we're using with our computers today! A large RTTY art image could take an hour
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to transmit. The speed of the RTTY transmission is approximately 60 -100 words per
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minute. To get an idea of what it would look like, view one of the JAVA applets that
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simulates an RTTY transmission at http://www.megalink.net/~n1rct/sta/onair.html.
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(URL no longer valid 8/00)I I would imagine that watching an RTTY art image
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materialize line-by-line would be quite mesmerizing.
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RTTY Home page and History
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http://www.rtty.com
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RTTY Information
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http://www.teleport.com/~nb6z/rtty.htm
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Teleprinter Museum
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http://www.peine.net/telex/index.htm
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History of RTTY and Major Contributors - When and where and how it started, and
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how it advanced and changed over the years. Stories and short biographies of those
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individuals whose efforts advanced the hobby and made it better for others.
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M. .:M
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MMMM:. .:MMMM
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MMMMMMMM:.. .:MMMMMMM
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:MMHHHMMMMHMM. .:MMMMMMMMM:. .:MMHHMHMM:
|
||
:MMHHIIIHMMMM.:MMHHHHIIIHHM MMM. .::MMHIHIIHHM:
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||
MMMHIIIIHHMMMIIHHMHHIIIIIHHMMMMMMMHHHIIIIHHM:
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||
:MMHIIIIIHMMMMMMMHHIIIIIIHHHMMMMMMHHII:::IHM.
|
||
MH:I:::IHHMMMMMHHII:::IIHHMMMHHHMMM::I:IHMM
|
||
:MHI:HHIHMMHHIIHII::.::IIHMMHHIHHMMM::HMMM:
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||
MI::HHMMIIM:IIHII::..::HM:MHHII:::IHHMMM:
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||
MMMHII::..:::IHMMHHHHMHHMMI:::...::IHM:
|
||
:MHHI::....::::HMMMMMMHHII::.. ..::::M:
|
||
:MI:.:MH:.....:HMMMMHHMIHMMHHI:HH.:MM
|
||
M:.I..MHHHHHMMMIHMMMHMMHHHHHMMHHH.:MM.
|
||
:M:HM:.M I:MHIIMMIIHM I:MM::.:MMI:M..
|
||
'M::MM:IMH:MMII MMHIMHI :M::IIHMM:MM
|
||
MH:HMMHIHMMMMMMHMMIMHIIHHHHIMMHHMM
|
||
MI:MMMMHI:::::IMM:MHI:::IMMMMHIM
|
||
MH:MMMHHHHHI:HMMHMMIHHMMMMMHIM
|
||
:IMHIHMMMMMM:MMMMMHHHHMMMHI:M
|
||
HI:IMIHMMMM:MMMMMMHHHMI:.:M
|
||
.............M::..:HMMMMIMHIIHMMMMHII:M:::'''''''''''
|
||
....:::MHI:.:HMMMMMMMMHHHMHHI::M:::::::'''''''
|
||
''' ...:MHI:.::MMHHHMHMIHMMMMHH.MI..........
|
||
''' ....MHI::..:MHHHHIHHMM:::IHM ''''
|
||
IMH.::..::HMMHMMMH::..:HM:
|
||
:M:.H.IHMIIII::IIMHMMM:H.MH
|
||
IMMMH:HI:MMIM:IHI:HIMIHM::
|
||
.MMI:.HIHMIMI:IHIHMMHIHI:MIM.
|
||
.MMHII:::IHIII::::::IIIIIIHMHII
|
||
MHHHI::.:IHHII:::.:::IIIIHMIIHM:
|
||
MHHHII::..::MII::.. ..:IIIHHHII:IM.
|
||
.MHHII::....:MHII::. .:IHHHI::IIHMM.
|
||
MMHHII::.....:IHM:. ..:IIHII::..:HHMM
|
||
MHHII:::......:IIHI...:IHI::.....::HM:
|
||
.MHHI:::.........:III..II::... ...:IHMI
|
||
:MMH:::........ ...::..::.... ...:IHMM
|
||
IMHIII:::.......... .........::IHM.
|
||
:MHIII::::...... .......::IHMM
|
||
MHHIII::::.. ......::IHM:
|
||
IMHHIII:::... .....::IIHMM
|
||
:MHHIII:::I:::... ....::::I::IIHMM
|
||
MMHHIII::IHI:::............:::IIH:IHMM
|
||
:MMHHII:IIHHI::::::.....::::::IH:IIHM:.
|
||
MMMHHII:IIHHI:::::::::::::IHI:IIM:MM::
|
||
MMMHHIII::IHHII:::::::::IHI:IIIHMM:MM:
|
||
:MMHHHIII::IIIHHII::::IHI..IIIHHM:MHMM
|
||
:MMMHHII:..:::IHHMMHHHHI:IIIIHHMM:MIM.
|
||
.MMMMHHII::.:IHHMM:::IIIIIIHHHMM:MI.M
|
||
.MMMMHHMHHII:::IHHMM:::IIIIIHHHHMM:MI.IM.
|
||
.MMMHMMMHHHII::::IHMM::IIIHHMMMMM::MMMMHHHMM.
|
||
.MMMHHMHMHHII:::.::IHMM::IIIIHHHMMMM:MMH::IHMMM
|
||
:MHIIIHMMHHHII:::IIHMM::IIIHHMMMMM:::MMMMHHHHMM.
|
||
MMHI:IIHMMHHHI::::IHMM:IIIIHHHMMMM:MMMHI::IMMMM.
|
||
MMH:::IHMMHHHHI:::IHMM:IIIHHHHMMMM:MMHI:.:IHHMM.
|
||
:MHI:::IHMHMHHII::IHMM:IIIHHHMMMMM:MHH::.::IHHM::
|
||
'MHHI::IHMMHMHHII:IHMM:IHMMHHHMMMM:MMHI::.::IHHMM:
|
||
:MHII:IIHMHIHHIIIIHMM:IIHHHHMMMM:MHHI:...:IIHMMM:
|
||
'MHIII:IHHMIHHHIIHHHMM:IHHHMMMMM:MHHI:..::IIHHMM
|
||
:MHHIIIHHMIIHHHIHHHMM:HHHHMMMMM:MHII::::IIIHHMM
|
||
MHHIIIIHMMIHHHIIHHMM:HHHHMMMM:MMHHIIHIIIIIHHMM.
|
||
'MHHIIIHHMIIHHIIIHMM:HHHMMMMH:MHHMHII:IIIHHHMM:
|
||
'MHHIIIHMMIHHHIHHMM:HHHMMMHH:MMIMMMHIIIHHMMMM:
|
||
'MHHIIHHMIHHHHHMMM:HHHMMMH:MIMMMMMMMMMMHIHHM:
|
||
:MHHIIHMIHHHHHMMM:HHHMMMM:MMHMMHIHMHI:IHHHM
|
||
MHHIIHM:HHHHHMMM:HHHMMMM:MMMHIHHIHMM:HHIHM
|
||
MHHIHM:IHHHHHMM:HHHHHMM:MMHMIIHMIMMMIHIM:
|
||
:MHIHMH:HHHHMMM:HHHHMM:MMHIIHMIIHHIMMHIM'
|
||
MMHHMH:HHHHHMM:HHHHMM:MHHHHIMMHII::IHMH:
|
||
'MMMMH:HHHHHMM:HHHHMM:MHHIHMMIIIHMHIMM:
|
||
:MMHM:HHHHHMM:HHHHMM:MHIHIMMMHIHHIMIH:
|
||
MMMM:HHHHHMM:HHHHHM:MHHMIMMMHHHHHIM:MMMMM.
|
||
:MMM:IHHHMMM:HHHHMM:MHHHIIMMMIIMIM:MMMMMMM:
|
||
:MMM:IHHHHM:HHHHMMM:MMHHHIHHMMMMM:MMMMMMMMM
|
||
MHM:IHHHMM:HHHMMMM:MMHHHHIIIHHHIIIMMMMMMMM
|
||
MHM:IHHHMM:HHHMMMM:HMMMHHHHHHHMMMMMMMMMMM:
|
||
MHM:IHHHHM:HHHHHMM:HHHMMMMMHHHHMMMMMMMMM'
|
||
.MI:.MMM:IMHHIM:MMHMMMMMMHHHHIMHIMMHHHHHMMMM'
|
||
:IM:MMMMIM:M:MMM:MMHHHHHIHIHMMHIHMMHHHHHHMMM'
|
||
:IM:M:MIM::M:HM:IMHIM:IM:M:MIHHHIMMMMMMMMMM'
|
||
'M:MHM:M:MM:MMHIMHHIHMI '::MMMMMMM:'
|
||
'M'MHMM'M''MMHI'MMH'
|
||
|
||
|
||
F A N G -- WA6PIR
|
||
|
||
According to a chapter in the "RTTY
|
||
Handbook", text images have been sent
|
||
via teletypewriter as early as 1923.
|
||
However, I have not discovered any of
|
||
this "old" RTTY art. From what I have
|
||
found, the text images appeared
|
||
frequently on radio teletype in the 1960s
|
||
and the 1970s. They were sent from ham
|
||
operator to ham operator via radio
|
||
transmissions. I've been told that there
|
||
was an article about RTTY art in an early
|
||
1960s issue of "73 Magazine" -- the
|
||
publication for RTTY enthusiasts. I've had
|
||
no such luck in locating it -- yet.
|
||
|
||
Many current ham operators agree that a
|
||
gentleman named Don Royer is one of
|
||
the foremost creators of RTTY art. He
|
||
signs his work with his ham operator
|
||
identification, WA6PIR. The picture at
|
||
left is one of his many, many RTTY art
|
||
creations. Don has been a strong
|
||
advocate for RTTY art and has organized
|
||
RTTY art contests. Due to illness, Don
|
||
has not made recent text pictures.
|
||
|
||
To view more of Don Royer's amazing
|
||
work, please visit George Hutchison's
|
||
(W7KSJ) RTTY Art Gallery. You will
|
||
also find plenty more Teletype art
|
||
pictures. Most of them were recovered
|
||
from paper tape and converted from
|
||
Baudot to ASCII. If you are JAVA
|
||
enabled, be sure to see George's RTTY
|
||
art viewer. It is an awesome applet to
|
||
experience.
|
||
|
||
Another source of RTTY/Baudot art can
|
||
be found at Bob Roehrig's web site.. The
|
||
first link will take you to an index that links
|
||
to over 100 Baudot art pictures. You'll
|
||
recognize the ham operator ID# of Don
|
||
Royer on several of them!
|
||
|
||
Collection of Baudot / RTTY Art:
|
||
http://www.wps.com/ITA/Bob-Roehrig/
|
||
http://www.wps.com/ITA/Bob-Roehrig2/
|
||
|
||
More of Don Royer's pics... (GIF'd)
|
||
http://www2.ari.net/ajr/rtty/9710rl.html
|
||
|
||
Another interesting web site that focuses
|
||
on radio teletype artwork from the 1960's
|
||
and 1970's can be found at the Jefferson
|
||
Computer Museum web site. The
|
||
subtopic, Ancient Alphabetic Art,
|
||
highlights teletype artwork from the1960s
|
||
and the 1970s. The webmaster, John
|
||
Foust, has collected and posted
|
||
numerous works from this era. You can
|
||
also find information regarding outdated
|
||
computer systems. It is definitely worth a
|
||
look!
|
||
|
||
|
||
A copy of an early text art transmission (perhaps RTTY?) was submitted by
|
||
Charles Struble <strube@inetnebr.com>. He states:
|
||
|
||
"In 1969, as a young Marine, I was stationed in a CommCenter on
|
||
Okinawa (3rdFSR) and we composed and sent this out to a slug of military
|
||
installations. I decided to reproduce it and put it up hoping maybe
|
||
someone remembers it or even better, is listed on it. If so, I'd sure like to
|
||
hear from ya."
|
||
-Charles Struble strube@inetnebr.com
|
||
|
||
See "USMC" for the entire message
|
||
|
||
Here is another early computer art image. To be honest, I don't know if it is RTTY or not
|
||
-- supposedly it is. To me, it looks as though it might be too wide for teletype paper.
|
||
But what do I know? This image was found at Jim's Computer Garage Museum
|
||
(http://www.rdrop.com/~jimw/jcgm-vcfii.html (URL no longer active 8/00) and is
|
||
copyrighted<65> to James Willing: Mona Lisa image
|
||
(Thanks Jim for letting me use it!)
|
||
|
||
.:*~*:._.:*~*:._.:*~*:.
|
||
|
||
PAPER TAPE / PUNCH CARD ART:
|
||
Punch cards and punched paper tape were
|
||
ways that information could be stored and
|
||
rebroadcast. Teleprinter messages could be
|
||
received on tape and then be resent to other
|
||
teleprinters by using a taper reader. I haven't
|
||
seen artwork created from punched paper tape,
|
||
but I do remember seeing pictures made with
|
||
punched cards. The holes were punched in
|
||
strategic locations so that when held to the light,
|
||
the cards displayed an image. The card I recall
|
||
seeing was that of a Christmas tree. Alas, it wasn't mine and it has long since
|
||
disappeared. I welcome e-mail from people who remember this art and might have an
|
||
example of punch card art in their attic or basement!
|
||
|
||
"Do not fold, spindle, or mutilate"
|
||
|
||
.:*~*:._.:*~*:._.:*~*:.
|
||
|
||
ASCII and ANSI CODE:
|
||
There are many sites on the Internet that thoroughly describe what ASCII is all about. I
|
||
will not go into great technical detail. However I will list a few web pages that have
|
||
additional and detailed information about ASCII.
|
||
|
||
To begin, ASCII is an acronym for the American Standard Code for Information
|
||
Interchange. ASCII was created in the early 1960s but did not become a United States
|
||
government standard until 1968. In the 1960s, there were many data communication
|
||
codes that were competing for the US Standard. In 1962, IBM created and promoted
|
||
a coding standard known as Extended Binary-Coded-Decimal Interchange Code
|
||
(EBCDIC). This was an 8-bit code which allowed up to 256 characters. However it
|
||
lost out to ASCII as a "PC standard". EBCDIC is still used on many mainframe
|
||
systems even today.
|
||
|
||
ASCII was defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1968 as
|
||
"ANSI Standard x3.4". It has also been described as ISO 636. It is a 7-bit code that
|
||
has a maximum of 128 characters/controls. ANSI is the Institute that defines American
|
||
National standards. ASCII code is one of these standards. So, technically speaking,
|
||
ASCII is an ANSI code. Got that?
|
||
|
||
There is another ANSI standard, ANSI Standard x3.16, which is an 8-bit code. This
|
||
expansion was defined in 1979 in an effort to standardize graphic character
|
||
representations and cursor control. It is based upon a 256 character set. It includes the
|
||
128 characters/controls of ASCII and an extra 128 characters/controls. It is sometimes
|
||
called "extended ASCII" or "high ASCII", but it is really neither. It is a different ANSI
|
||
Standard -- but not the "American Standard Code".
|
||
|
||
Have I totally confused you?
|
||
For more reading on ASCII and other computer codes, look to the following:
|
||
|
||
http://czyborra.com/charsets/iso646.html
|
||
http://telecom.tbi.net/history1.html
|
||
|
||
To view the ASCII Code Charts
|
||
( 7-Bit ASCII codes with Even parity, 7-Bit ASCII codes with Odd parity, 7-Bit ASCII
|
||
codes with Space parity, 7-Bit ASCII codes with Mark parity, ASCII Control code
|
||
details): ( http://telecom.tbi.net/ascii1.html )
|
||
|
||
To view the "Extended Character" set.
|
||
( http://telecom.tbi.net/asc-ibm.html )
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
.:*~*:._.:*~*:._.:*~*:.
|
||
|
||
EARLY ASCII ART:
|
||
|
||
Perhaps the real start of ASCII art is with the beginning of the Internet. The Internet
|
||
began in the 1960's as a means to communicate if nuclear war broke out. Military
|
||
authorities created a network called ARPANET which connected 37 computers and
|
||
several defense departments. No war came (thankfully) and the computer system
|
||
expanded to include universities and other educational institutions. For many years the
|
||
Internet belonged to the military and to the schools.
|
||
|
||
In the early 1990's, the World Wide Web was developed in the Switzerland. It was there
|
||
that Hyper-Text Mark-Up Language (HTML) was first used. HTML is what allows
|
||
documents to have 'hyperlinks'-- those links which cause a surfer to jump from web
|
||
page to web page.
|
||
|
||
Many people use the Internet for e-mail. Initially, the Internet was pure text - no graphics
|
||
and certainly no animations. E-mail was the same. ASCII art was used to create
|
||
diagrams and charts. It was also used for "fun" and to enhance and liven up the plain
|
||
text messages.
|
||
|
||
Besides digrams and charts, probably the earliest ASCII art from the Internet are the
|
||
"Spy at the Wall" collection and the "Silly Cows" collection. David Bader, an ASCII
|
||
art enthusiast and editor of the 'Cows", recently sent me the COMPLETE, UNCUT,
|
||
ORIGINAL, and OFFICIAL Silly Cow collection! These cows can be seen all over the
|
||
Internet and are truly considered to be "classic" ASCII art..
|
||
|
||
BULLETIN BOARD SYSTEMS & UNDERGROUND ART
|
||
ASCII art has also been used in the BBS (computer bulletin board systems) scene and
|
||
in the underground art groups.
|
||
|
||
BBSs were developed in 1978 and became quite popular in the early 1980s.. MUDs
|
||
(multi-user dungeons) and MUGs (multi-user games) also became quite popular in the
|
||
early years of the Internet. These are all text based applications. So, if someone
|
||
wanted to include a picture or diagram, it had to be created from text. Even today,
|
||
BBSs, MUDs, and MUGs exist -- many are still text based.
|
||
For more info on BBS and Multi-User Dungeons/Games:
|
||
|
||
Basic uses of Computer Bulletin Boards (includes History)
|
||
http://www.secretstuff.com/Contents/ComputerInfo/BBS_Uses.htm
|
||
Local Bulletin Board Systems
|
||
http://www.naples.net/remote/zrbbs.htm
|
||
Educational MUDS/MOOS
|
||
http://tecfa.unige.ch/edu-comp/WWW-VL/eduVR-page.html
|
||
|
||
There is another group of people who have used/created ASCII art from the early days.
|
||
These are the "underground art groups" who create and package zipped files of art
|
||
which can be downloaded from the. Some of these groups have been around for many
|
||
years and create ANSI, ASCII, "Extended ASCII" text pictures, and VGA animations.
|
||
Here are some relevant sites:
|
||
|
||
http://www.remorse.org (REMORSE)
|
||
http://artpacks.acid.org/ (ACiD)
|
||
|
||
Other art groups involved in the underground art scene include iCE and CHAOS.
|
||
|
||
.:*~*:._.:*~*:._.:*~*:.
|
||
|
||
RELATIVES OF ASCII ART
|
||
|
||
ANSI ART:
|
||
ANSI art is a cousin to ASCII art. It is often used on BBS (bulletin board systems). It
|
||
also includes color and animation codes. ANSI art is still created today.
|
||
|
||
ANSI / ASCII Information
|
||
http://hem1.passagen.se/haakshem/asciians.html
|
||
ANSi Maker extreme
|
||
http://www.pagesz.net/~mhare/ansi.html
|
||
includes ANSI related links/software (including "TheDraw")
|
||
|
||
AOL MACRO ART:
|
||
America Online (AOL) is one of the few Internet/e-mail programs that did not allow for a
|
||
fixed-width font. Up until the release of version 4.0, all AOL users had one font. -- yes,
|
||
ONE font. That one font was Arial-10. Arial is a proportional font. The ASCII art of the
|
||
Internet looked totally skewed to AOL users. In response, AOL users modified the
|
||
spacing (by hand) so that the ASCII art would look good in their Arial proportional font.
|
||
There are many AOL text artists who specialize in creating the Arial font pictures.
|
||
Because their audience is solely other AOL users, "extended" characters are often
|
||
used and seen without problems. These AOL Arial-font text pictures have been called
|
||
"macros". Some misinformed people call them "ASCII Art" - they are not. Obviously,
|
||
the AOL macros and ASCII art are 'cousins'. They are not the same. Many of the AOL
|
||
macros are quite good. Unfortunately, they are not often seen or used by people
|
||
outside of AOL (due to the font/spacing/character issues).
|
||
An example of a proportional -font AOL text art "Macros" by Jadie.
|
||
|
||
-A gentle Kiss sent from up above-
|
||
just to tell you that you are loved.
|
||
|
||
<20><> ..,<2C>,<2C>```<60>-:_.. <20>
|
||
,.<2E>-` ` ` : . ..<2E><>--.'````<60>-.<2E>
|
||
,.-` <20> :`:.. `::\. '': <20><>,. <20>.\:: `-, * MS<4D>A *
|
||
,-` <20><>``-....`''```<60>::.:``-.. }: :\:;`-. `-. * 97 *
|
||
<20>`-...:<3A>``-. -~`<60><>.-` /: ;: :/:.`-..-~``: ` <20> ; *
|
||
'-., /``<60><>.'-...-~``<60> `-, ;: /;| `:. ;/: ;;
|
||
`-.. /_ \.`::/ ;:._<><5F>``` :; ;;
|
||
`-.../ `-@:} -~<7E><>-.. }:;/ : ::;/:;:.--~`**<2A>`<60>,
|
||
/ ` .<2E>` .<2E>.@:)':<3A> {:: ''<27>.<2E>``~``;..;;*`<60>..~``* ;')
|
||
{ `<60><>--..: `` ', `''-...:;;. : ;\~''`<60>~<7E>.-.~`;
|
||
.\<5C><>-.. ::.<2E>, `:;::/;::../:)``::-._:__;)
|
||
,<2C>`<60>`( /. ,-<2D>`.;~..--.<2E> :::<3A><> `=.`,;_..<2E><>' ::::<`` -._<>;
|
||
,` :-` ,-'' ;`'<27><>--<2D><>` .<2E>` ``<60>.::::::::(''`<60>..``;;)
|
||
; `, : `<60><>,.._...<2E> <20>` <20>:::.;: `-..::-``-.._;;):
|
||
;::. .`,::.. . ', ::::. ;::: ;: ''-_<> ;)
|
||
',::::. `,:::. `<60><>..; ` ::\;:::: `,:* `~<7E>
|
||
`,:::.. /:: .. | `,: :;:... .<2E><> '`;
|
||
',::..<2E> ;::::.<2E> ;:::.. `-,::..::<3A>` '<27>.
|
||
',: ;':::.. ;::... ',:::::::<3A><> ',
|
||
', ,;`::::.. ;::.....: :.. ',:: .:. .. . ':
|
||
/::/:::::.. ;:: :..<2E>` _...<2E><>------<2D>-;'-<2D><>...__.:. . `;.
|
||
;:: ;:: : / _ ..<2E>-'``` ``<60>. ;;
|
||
,<2C>',:: ;::: ..<2E> ,<2C>-`'' _..<2E><>-`` ..<2E> ;::<3A>. ; ;;
|
||
(: `--,....-<2D>~ '-..~`-..<2E><>` ::` ;;::,. ;::<3A><>` ;*-.
|
||
\::<3A>~ .. `'<27>-~~``--<2D>`'''` `<60><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>,..::.___,.<2E>' ::}
|
||
/:::<3A><><EFBFBD>:*<2A>` ;{; ~* R<>ph<70><68>l<EFBFBD> <20><>g<EFBFBD>l *~ . ..:;',
|
||
;:::::::<3A><><EFBFBD>`. ::.. :::;;,,.. <20><> ;; ..:;:)
|
||
{:::::;;::::::::<3A><>,... <20> .;;{:: ..:*<2A>` <20><>;:;}
|
||
',;;;<3B>J<EFBFBD><4A><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>*```<60><><EFBFBD>... ;;;::;\::;;;_...<2E><>`` ';;__..<2E><>'''';;;
|
||
``''''''''''''~-....___;;;<3B><><EFBFBD>~~''--.....__....~.._<><5F>*-....;-~<7E><><EFBFBD>
|
||
|
||
|
||
Please keep in mind that the above Arial example looks good only in the Arial-10
|
||
proportional font. It will look skewed in other proportional fonts and in the fixed-width
|
||
fonts as well. It might even look a bit skewed when viewed in "your" Arial font. Arial has
|
||
been known to vary from system to system. If you're interested in viewing more of the
|
||
AOL proportional text art, visit the following sites:
|
||
|
||
The MACROHOUSE
|
||
http://come.to/themacrohouse
|
||
|
||
mIRC POP-UPS:
|
||
Another place that the ASCII art is prevalent is on mIRC (Internet Relay
|
||
Chat). There are a number of chat channels that scroll colorized "ASCII"
|
||
pop-ups or pictures. Often the pop-ups include the "extended"
|
||
characters. This is rarely a problem since users are tied into the same
|
||
mIRC software.
|
||
|
||
mIRC home page
|
||
http://www.mirc.co.uk/
|
||
|
||
There are many, perhaps thousands, of mIRC channels. Popular ones to "play" the
|
||
colorized pop-ups include #mirc_rainbow and #mirc_colors. There are several IRC
|
||
networks, the largest being Undernet. Other networks include Efnet, Dalnet..
|
||
And some related links:
|
||
|
||
MIRC Rainbow Home page
|
||
http://www.mirc-rainbow.com/rainbow.html
|
||
MIRC Colors Home page
|
||
http://www.mirc-colors.com/
|
||
Aisa's mIRC creations
|
||
http://www.ctv.es/USER/guerrero/
|
||
Undernet Home page
|
||
http://www.undernet.org/ -- the largest Internet Relay Chat networks
|
||
|
||
.:*~*:._.:*~*:._.:*~*:.
|
||
|
||
ASCII ART TODAY AND TOMORROW:
|
||
The Internet continues to grow. As more personal and home computers are purchased,
|
||
more people are joining in. The 1999 Internet statistics have been released. There
|
||
are about 800 million pages on the World Wide Web. Compare this to the 320 million
|
||
pages estimate of 1997.
|
||
|
||
Electronic mail (e-mail) is widespread. Almost everyone has an e-mail address.
|
||
People have discovered that e-mail is an efficient method of communication with
|
||
friends and relatives. There are a variety of e-mail software and programs available.
|
||
Some e-mail programs allow for graphic images -- but not all. Even people who are
|
||
capable of receiving images are hesitant to download unknown files and images.
|
||
ASCII art is text. It does not have to be downloaded to be viewed. For this reason,
|
||
many people opt to send ASCII art.
|
||
|
||
Microsoft declared ASCII art "dead" in June of 1998. Why? I'm not sure. But I would
|
||
guess that Microsoft is encouraging people to use GIF and JPG graphics -- of course,
|
||
with their software. I also think that it is due to the fact that some software, namely
|
||
Microsofts, are now using a default proportional font setting. ASCII art will appear
|
||
skewed when viewed in a proportional font. All computer systems have capabilities for
|
||
fixed-width font, so ASCII art isn't completely dead. People only need to switch their
|
||
font to a fixed-width one such as Courier, FixedSys, Monaco, or Lucinda Console.
|
||
|
||
ASCII art is not dead. At least not yet. People continue to be intrigued and amazed by
|
||
what can be created using basic keyboard characters. ASCII art is still used in e-mail,
|
||
in e-zines, on BBSs, in MUDs/MUGs, and on mIRC. ASCII art has been used in web
|
||
page development. The non-graphical graphics have served a purpose. ASCII art has
|
||
also found its way off the Internet -- albeit slowly. It has been used to illustrate books
|
||
(look for Jon Barnbrook's British Art History publication -1999). It has been used to
|
||
illustrate in a magazine (see 1999 June issue of UK's EXE Magazine). A reproduction
|
||
of an ASCII rendering was recently shown in 1999's contemporary art fair in Malaga,
|
||
Spain. (www.mac21.com) Heck, you can even get a chocolate bar with an ASCII'fied
|
||
wrapper! (www.gardenofinspirations.com) -- don't be surprised to see that I make
|
||
ASCII art T-shirts available in the future!
|
||
|
||
__.-.__.-.__
|
||
.'\ '-.__.-' /'.
|
||
/ | ,_ | \
|
||
/ | _/| \_ | \
|
||
'-._/ \.-""-./ \_.-'
|
||
| ( ^ \^ ) |
|
||
| \ == / |
|
||
| /'--'\ |
|
||
jgs | |
|
||
'._ _.'
|
||
`""""`
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
And it seems that someone has already gotten into the money-making aspect of ASCII
|
||
art. For only $50 or <20>31.41, you can have an image turned into ASCII -- well actually,
|
||
into the numbers that make up the value of Pi. The Pi image is constructed from the
|
||
digits 0 to 9 (and one decimal point). Each digit has a different degree of darkness
|
||
(grey scale). The final image is a black and white bitmap with the following size: 150 x
|
||
75 pixels. I wonder if people have actually paid money for this... it seems like a simple
|
||
conversion program. Anyhow, take a look:
|
||
|
||
Image in Pi
|
||
http://www.hotbox.co.uk/p112.html
|
||
(link no longer active - 8/00)
|
||
|
||
Did I tell you? ASCII art has also found its way into advertising. Look at these recent
|
||
advertisements using ASCII art... (the Honda image doesn't cycle, click on it and reload
|
||
your page to view the animation)
|
||
Fatbrain.com ad -- {*}
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
.:*~*:._.:*~*:._.:*~*:.
|
||
|
||
I will continue to look for information about text art and other mediums leading up to
|
||
ASCII art, as we now know it... In the meanwhile, I'd like to hear from you...
|
||
|
||
I have collected responses from various e-mail and USENET posts regarding the
|
||
history of ASCII art. I have found it all to be interesting. If anyone has more to add or
|
||
comments to make, please add to the below "guest book"!
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Add To This ASCII Art History
|
||
See What People Have Added about ASCII Art History
|
||
|
||
.:*~*:._.:*~*:._.:*~*:.
|
||
|
||
Want to find out more about old computers? Check out the following links!
|
||
|
||
The Computer Museum
|
||
|
||
http://www.computerhistory.org/
|
||
Vintage Computer Festival
|
||
|
||
http://www.vintage.org/
|
||
the "MotherLode" of Computer History Links
|
||
|
||
http://www.siconic.com/vcf/
|
||
|
||
.:*~*:._.:*~*:._.:*~*:.
|
||
|
||
Copyright 1999-2000 Joan G. Stark, All Rights Reserved:
|
||
THIS PAGE MAY NOT BE USED OR PUBLISHED IN ANY FORM (WRITTEN, CD-ROM, ETC.)
|
||
WITHOUT EXPRESS WRITTEN (HARDCOPY) PERMISSION FROM JOAN G. STARK.
|
||
-- images remain copyright to the individuals who created them.--
|
||
|
||
.:*~*:._.:*~*:._.:*~*:._.:*~*:._.:*~*:._.:*~*:._.:*~*:._.:*~*:._.:*~*:. |