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Extra K Documentation
---------------------
PART 1
by
The Ghost
of
The Atlanta Crackers BBS/AE
(404)449-5986
1200 Baud - 40 Megs
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: Apple //c or a 128k Apple //e (with an extended
80 column card; the standard 80 column card won't
do). Extra K cannot access more than 128k.
THE PROGRAMS EXPLAINED:
----------------------------
AUX.MEM.CHECK (DOS 3.3 only)
----------------------------
DOS 3.3 CHECK FOR 128k
If you are writing EXTRA K programs that are to be used on Apples other than
your own, your programs should check to see what kind of Apple is being used.
AUX.MEM.CHECK is a small machine language program that determines whether or
not auxiliary memory is present in an Apple using DOS 3.3 (see PRO DOS below).
AUX.MEM.CHECK will return the following value in memory location 6:
0($00): Not a //e
32($20): //e but no 80 column card
64($40): 64k //e with 80 column card (no auxiliary memory)
128($80): Apple //c or 128k //e
After a "BRUN AUX.MEM.CHECK" command, you can PRINT PEEK(6) to check for one
of the values above. AUX.MEM.CHECK is used in EXTRA K's DOS 3.3 STARTUP
program to make sure that a 128k Apple is being used. Here's one way you
could use it in your programs:
10 PRINT CHR$ (4) "BRUN AUX.MEM.CHECK"
20 IF PEEK (6) < 128 THEN PRINT "INSUFFICIENT MEMORY": END
30 REM PROGRAM CONTINUES....
PRO DOS 128k CHECK
With PRO DOS, the AUX.MEM.CHECK program itself is not necessary, thanks
to PRO DOS location 49048 ($BF98). Use the following 128k check:
100 A = PEEK (49048): IF A < 128 THEN PRINT "NOT IIE OR IIC": END
110 A = A - 128: IF A > = 64 THE PRINT "APPLE III": END
120 IF A < 48 THEN PRINT "NOT 128K": END
130 REM PROGRAM CONTINUES.....
--------------
DISCONNECT.RAM (ProDOS only)
--------------
When PRO DOS boots on a 128k Apple, it automatically creates a "RAM disk"
in Auxiliary memory with the volume name "/RAM". Because of memory conflicts,
/RAM should be removed before any of EXTRA K's programs are used.
Type "-DISCONNECT.RAM" from the keyboard, or use the following line from
within an Applesoft program:
10 PRINT CHR$(4)"-DISCONNECT.RAM"
To reconnect /RAM, you will need to reboot.
-When to use it: You must execute the DISCONNECT.RAM program once after booting
ProDOS and before using any of Extra K's programs. Extra K's ProDOS STARTUP
program automatically executes DISCONNECT.RAM for you, so you will only need
to use DISCONNECT.RAM if you are booting a disk other than Extra K.
-What's a ram disk:A RAM disk is a memory-based disk drive. To prove that
ProDOS's RAM disk exists, boot a ProDOS disk other than Extra K, load an
Applesoft Program (the bigger the better) and type"SAVE/RAM/PROGRAM". Now
type "CATALOG/RAM". Now type "NEW" followed by "LOAD/RAM/PROGRAM" and
"LIST". You take it from there. Futher instructions appear in Apple's
ProDOS manuals.
------------
DISK.COMPARE
------------
DISK.COMPARE is a program that compares disks. In only 2 or 3 passes, it
will give you a report on each corresponding track and sector (DOS 3.3) or
track and block (ProDOS), indicating if they are identical or not.
Use this program to find out if any changes have been made to a recently
copied disk by comparing the copy with the master. It will work with
DOS 3.3, ProDOS, Pascal, or CP/M disks. It won't work with copy-protected
disks, but it will usually compare the unprotected disks that they store
data on. It will not interfere with Beagle Bros (or most others) utilities
in memory (GPLE,DOUBLE-TAKE,BEAGLE BASIC,etc), but anything in auxiliary
memory will undoubtedly be over-written.
-How to use it: Selete DISK.COMPARE from the Extra K boot-up menu or type
"RUN DISK.COMPARE". The title screen will appear and you will be prompted
to enter the slot and drive numbers for disk 1 and 2. Press return to
accept the default values shown on the screen or change them to any legal
slot and drive by entering the appropriate number. If you make a mistake,
just press ESC to back up. It will work with 1 drive.
DISK.COMPARE OPTIONS: After you've entered the info for te slots and drives,
you will be shown the comparison screen with the compare options. Press
ESC if you want to go back and change or verify the slot and drive numbers.
COMPARE OPTION-
Press "C" to start comparing disks. You will then be asked to insert the
appropiate disk or disks. At this point you can press RETURN to begin
comparison or ESC to make another selection. During the comparison, the
map on the screen will indicate the state of each block or sector
being compared. A dot (".") means the sectors or blocks are identical, and
an "X" means they are different by at least one byte.
DEC OPTION-
Press "D" to display the track/sector/block numbers on the border of the
disk map in decimal, If an error occurs during a comparison, the slot,drive,
track,and sector or block will be given in decimal also.(Decimal is the
default setting.)
HEX OPTION-
Pressing "H" will change the track/sector/block numbers to hexadecimal. Any
errors during a comparsion will be indicated in hex as well. To change the
default setting to hex, see "CHANGING THE DEFAULT SETTINGS".
PRINT OPTION-
Pressing "P" will print a hard copy of the last disk comparison. You will
be prompted to input your printer's slot or press return to select the
default. If you decide not to print the screen, press ESC to see the
previous menu.
QUIT-
Pressing "Q" will exit DISK.COMPARE and return you to Applesoft. If you
quit accidently, type "RUN" to restart the program.
DISK.COMPARE ERROR MESSAGES:
If something happens to go wrong, you will see one of the following
messages, designating the Slot, Drive,and Block (or Track/Sector) where
the problem occured.
ERROR: (S#,D#,TR=##,SEC=##),CONTINUE? (DOS 3.3)
ERROR: (S#,D#,BLOCK=##),CONTINUE? (ProDOS)
Press "Y" to continue or "N" to quit.
CHANGING THE DISK.COMPARE DEFAULT SETTINGS:
You can set the defaults to one drive (normal is 2) and/or hex (normal is decimal). Load DISK.COMPARE, for one drive change line 5 by variable D2.
Change "D2=2" to "D2=1". To change the track/sector listing to hex,
change line 6 from "GOSUB 10" to "GOSUB 12".
---------
DISK.COPY
---------
DISK.COPY is a fast disk duplication program. If you need instructions,
you need help. It will not destroy utilities in main memory.
-----------
DISK.FORMAT
-----------
DISK.FORMAT is a program for creating ProDOS disks. It performs the same
function as the DOS 3.3 INIT command, except that no files are stored on
the disk. It is easier to use than the formatter included with ProDOS
because it can be run from Applesoft without disturbing utilities in
memory. Each disk created with DISK.FORMAT will be named "/BLANK". You
can rename a ProDOS disk with the Rename command. Foe example,type
"RENAME/BLANK,/GOOD.DISK". Don't forget the slashes.
Commands:
C = Change Slot and Drive
F = Format Disk
Q = Quit
-----------
EXTRA.APPLE
-----------
EXTRA.APPLE is a program that makes your 128k Apple //e or //c work like
two seperate 64k computers. They don't even have to be running under the
same DOS. You can switch back and forth between these two Apples in
about three seconds. Everything (including data,programs,pictures,variables,
registers,and so on) is left unaltered. There is no "concurrent processing";
only one program can be running at a time. Each 64k machine,when selected, has
the undivided attention of the microprocessor.
EXTRA.APPLE can be used with any unprotected program or package that
does not use the auxiliary memory and doesn't have to be booted to be used.
USING EXTRA.APPLE-
The simplest way to install EXTRA.APPLE is to type "BRUN EXTRA.APPLE".
After it loads,type "CALL 600". This Call will copy everything in main
memory over to auxiliary memory. Now you are using APPLE1 (64k) in main
memory, with APPLE2 (64k) hidden in auxiliary memory. You can switch back
and forth between APPLE1 and APPLE2 by typing "CALL 769". Switching
may be done in immediate mode of from within a running program.
ALTERNATE SWITCHING METHODS-
There are three different ways to switch between APPLE1 and APPLE2. Use the
method that works best with the programs you are using.
#1- CALL 769 is the perferred way to switch between APPLE1 and APPLE2. It
works when EXTRA.APPLE is loaded in this procedure:
]BRUN EXTRA.APPLE
]CALL 600
#2- & will make the switch if you load EXTRA.APPLE with this procedure:
]BRUN EXTRA.APPLE
]CALL 733
]CALL 600
note: don't use this method with a program that also uses the ampersand
vector.
#3- CONTROL-Z will make the switch if you load with this procedure:
]BRUN EXTRA.APPLE
]CALL 744
]CALL 600
note: don't use this method with a program that also uses the input hook.
To find out which Apple you are currently using, type "PRINT PEEK(768).The
answer (1 or 2) will appear on the screen.
DIFFERENT DOS'S FOR YOUR TWO APPLES:
When you first install EXTRA.APPLE you will have the same DOS in both
APPLE1 and APPLE2. To set up EXTRA.APPLE with two different DOS'S, follow
these steps carefully:
1. Make a hybrid (double-DOS) disk using HYBRID CREATE (see that section)
2. Create a dual-boot disk (also under HYBRID,CREATE section)
3. Add these three files to the ProDOS half of your hybrid disk.
-> DISCONNECT.RAM (from te ProDOS side)
-> EXTRA.APPLE (from te ProDOS side)
-> The follwoing ProDOS STARTUP program:
10 PRINT CHR$ (4) "-DISCONNECT.RAM": REM free aux memory
20 PRINT CHR$ (4) "-EXTRA.APPLE": REM load routines
30 REM set-up ampersand w/CALL 733 and/or CONTROL-Z w/ CALL 744
40 CALL 600: REM set-up APPLE2 by copying main mem to aux mem
50 IF PEEK (768) = 1 THEN PRINT CHR$ (4) "-DOS.SYSTEM": REM boot
DOS 3.3 and run HELLO program
60 HOME : PRINT CHR$ (4)"CAT": REM or anything you want
4. Add the following files to the DOS 3.3 half of your hybrid disk:
-> EXTRA.APPLE (from the DOS 3.3 side)
-> The following DOS 3.3 HELLO program:
10 PRINT CHR$ (4) "BRUN EXTRA.APPLE": REM load routines
20 REM set up ampersand w/ CALL 733 and/or CONTROL-Z w/ CALL 744
30 HOME : PRINT CHR$ (4) "CATALOG": REM or anything you want
Your hybrid disk should now have these teo catalogs:
PRODOS HALF:
/DOUBLE.DOS.DISK
NAME TYPE BLOCKS MODIFIED
*PRODOS SYS 30 15-MAY-85
*BASIC.SYSTEM SYS 21 15-MAY-85
*DOS.SYSTEM SYS 19 15-MAY-85
*STARTUP BAS 1 15-MAY-85
*DISCONNECT.RAM BIN 1 15-MAY-85
*EXTRA.APPLE BIN 1 15-MAY-85
BLOCKS FREE: 200 BLOCKS USED: 80
DOS 3.3 HALF:
DISK VOLUME 254
*002 A HELLO
*002 B EXTRA.APPLE
When you boot this disk, ProDOS is loaded into main memory (APPLE1) and
STARTUPUP is run. The CALL 600 in line 40 sets up a ProDOS APPLE2 in
auxiliary memory and puts an exact copy of the running STARTUP program
there. Line 50 loads DOS 3.3 into main memory (APPLE1) and HELLO is run.
When HELLO finishes, you will be left in immediate mode in APPLE1.
When you switch to APPLE2, STARTUP will continue running right after
the CALL 600 (the point where APPLE2 execution last stopped). The IF
statement in line 50 won't be executed and the program will be continue.
The STARTUP and HELLO programs above are flexible, and can be altered
to suit your needs.
40/80 COLUMN PROBLEMS-
You should use the same screen mode for both APPLE1 and APPLE2.
RECONNECTING EXTRA.APPLE-
If EXTRA.APPLE becomes disconnected (you'll know because te switching
commands won't work), you can re-connect it in seceral ways:
IF YOU'RE USING CALL 769 FOR SWITCHING APPLES:
Type "BRUN EXTRA.APPLE". Don't CALL 600
IF YOU'RE USING "&" FOR SWITCHING:
POKE 1013,76, POKE 1014,1 and POKE 1015,3 and try switching Apples.
If this doesn't work, BRUN EXTRA.APPLE and CALL 733. Don't CALL 600.
IF YOU'RE USING CONTROL-Z FOR SWITCHING:
Under DOS 3.3: CALL 963 (or CONTROL-RESET if you're in 40-columns) and
try switching Apples. If this doesn't work, BRUN EXTRA.APPLE and CALL 744.
Under ProDOS: POKE 48690,171 and POKE 48691,3 (or CONTROL-RESET if you're
in 40-columns) and try switching. If this doesn't work, BRUN EXTRA.APPLE
and CALL 744.
USING EXTRA.APPLE WITH OTHER UTILITIES-
EXTRA.APPLE works with programs which don't use auxiliary memory or page 3
(from $300-$3CF). If you're using the same DOS in both Apples, you can run
utilities like GPLE and DOUBLE-TAKE before you load EXTRA.APPLE. After you
copy main memory to auxiliary memory (CALL 600) the utilities will work in
both Apples. With a dual DOS setup, you'll have to load the utilities
separately for each Apple.
If you should accidently overwrite EXTRA.APPLE (it resides in page 3 from
$300 to around $3cf), you can BRUN EXTRA.APPLE the next time you want to
switch, and no harm will be done. If you're using APPLE2 when this happens,
POKE 768,2.
--------
TRANSFER
--------
TRANSFER is a program for quickly copying Applesoft programs or binary
files (not text files) between APPLE1 and APPLE2. TRANSFER is useful when
using DOS 3.3 in one Apple and ProDOS in the other. Instead of using
Apple's CONVERT program, you can transfer a file from one DOS to another
in a few seconds and immediately save it on disk.
USING TRANSFER-It may be used from either APPLE as long as it is present
on the current disk. Just BRUN TRANSFER to install it above HIMEN. You may
exit TRANSFER by using ESC. To rerun it, type "CALL 10".
TRANSFERING APPLESOFT PROGRAMS-Press "A" to duplicate the Applesoft program
currently in active memory. NOTE: Don't use TRANSFER if you switched from
a running program to the current Apple. When you BRUN TRANSFER and the
Applesoft program in memory is extremely long, you may have to exit
TRANSFER and reload the Applesoft program. (Use CALL 10 to re-enter
TRANSFER.)
TRANSFERING BINARY FILES-Press "B" to load a binary file from disk into
the current Apple, and then copy it into the other Apple. You may also
specify the address where you want it to load. The file will be loaded
and the hex values for the file's starting address (A$), length (L$),
and ending address (E$) will be printed on the screen as it is copied
to the other APPLE. Use these values to save the file under the new
DOS. For example, if TRANSFER prints "A$6000,L$100,E$60FF" you can
save the file as shown:
First: Any DOS; Type "CALL 769" to switch to the other APPLE
Then: DOS 3.3; Type "BSAVE FILE,A$6000,L$100"
ProDOS; Type "BSAVE FILE,A$6000,L$100"
or "BSAVE FILE,A$6000,E$60FF"
LIMITATIONS-You cannot directly transfer binary files which load above
HIMEN. If the computer locks up,you probably loaded a file over the
TRANSFER routine.
(>
Extra K Documentation
---------------------
PART 2
by
The Ghost
of
The Atlanta Crackers BBS/AE
(404)449-5986
1200 Baud - 40 Megs
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: Apple //c or a 128k Apple //e (with an extended
80 column card; the standard 80 column card won't
do). Extra K cannot access more than 128k.
THE PROGRAMS EXPLAINED:
-------------
EXTRA.SCREENS
-------------
EXTRA.SCREENS is a program which allows you to rapidly display full or
partial text and graphics screens. A large number of screens may be
loaded from disk and stored in auxiliary memory. From there, any screen
may almost-instantly be brought into view. SCREENS.DEMO shows you how
this program works.
EXTRA.SCREEN COMMANDS: (after BRUNning EXTRA.SCREENS)
&SAVE.....lets you save a screen into auxiliary memory.
&LOAD.....lets you load a screen from auxiliary memory into view.
&RECALL...lets you load a screen file from disk into aux. memory.
&STORE....lets you save all aux. memory screens to a file on disk.
&LIST.....lets you "catalog" the screens in aux. memory.
&CALL.....lets you rename any screen in aux. memory.
&DEL......lets you erase an individual screen from aux. memory.
&CLEAR....lets you erase all screens from aux. memory.
&FRE......lets you see how much aux. memory is free.
After EXTRA.SCREENS is installed, these commands are available from the
keyboard or from your Applesoft programs.
To remove EXTRA.SCREENS type "FP" (under DOS 3.3) or "-FP" (under ProDOS
with EXTRA K disk in drive). Any screens stored in aux.memory will be lost.
------------
SCREENS.CROP
------------
SCREENS.CROP is a program for cropping EXTRA.SCREENS text or graphics
screens. RUN SCREENS.CROP, exisiting screens in aux.memory will not
be disturbed. Press ESC to return to basic, or select one of the
options from the menu on the screen.
1-LOAD HI-RES SCREEN FROM DISK
2-SAVE SCREEN TO MEMORY
3-CROP SCREEN the following keys control cropping:
L,R,T,B: Left,Right,Top,Bottom--the side of the rectangle that will be
moved with the arrow keys.
ARROW KEYS-On graphics screens, the sides will jump 7 pixels(screen
dots at a time.
ESC-resets the rectangle to the outer border of the screen.
RETURN-when you're finished with cropping, this gets you back to the menu.
4-LOAD SCREENS FROM MEMORY
5-LIST SCREENS IN MEMORY (if you notice a file named "ZZZZ", ignore it
It is a temporary screen storage file)
6-CLEAR VIEWING SCREEN
---------------
EXTRA.VARIABLES
---------------
A program which increases the memory available to Applesoft programs by storing
all variables in aux.memory, leaving main memory free for your programs.To
install this program, just "BRUN EXTRA.VARIABLES"
DIFFERENCES- EXTRA.VARIABLES is transparent to Applesoft. The only commands
affected are FRE,LOMEM,and HIMEM:
FRE: FRE works according to the number you use inside the paraentheses;
]PRINT FRE(-1) (or any negative number) to print the number of
bytes available for your program (in main memory)
]PRINT FRE(0) to print the amount of free variable space (in aux.memory)
without doing a garbage collection.
]PRINT FRE(1) (or any positive number) to print the amount of free
variable space and do a garbage collection.
LOMEM:and HIMEM: With EXTRA.VARIABLES installed, these commands set the
variables in auxiliary memory instead of main memory. Ignore
LOMEN and HIMEM unless you are using hi-res graphics or machine
language programs run in auxiaiary memory. If you need to change
the values of LOMEN or HIMEM in main memory, POKE the values
directly.
Note: The command CHAIN will not work with this program.
-----------
EXTRA.STORE
-----------
A program that "patches" BASIC.SYSTEM so that ProDOS's STORE AND RESTORE
commands works properly with variables stored in aux. memory by
EXTRA.VARIABLES. With EXTRA.VARIABLES in memory, type "BRUN EXTRA.STORE".
That's all there is to it.
----------------
FP (ProDOS only)
----------------
A program that gives ProDOS the equivalent of DOS 3.3's FP command.
-------------
HYBRID.CREATE
-------------
A program that reformats a disk so it becomes half DOS 3.3 and half
ProDOS. You will be able to access the files corresponding to the last
DOS booted. You can even boot the DOS of your choice from the same disk.
This program requires a disk previously formatted in either DOS. It will
not work on a blank unformatted disk!
After "RUN HYBRID.CREATE", press "C" to start the process or ESC if you
change your mind. Type "Q" to quit.
MAKING A DISK ProDOS BOOTABLE-
New hybrid disk are data disks only. To make it bootable, transfer the files;
PRODOS,BASIC.SYSTEM,AND STARTUP to it. You can rewrite STARTUP to anything
you like as this is the same as a DOS 3.3 HELLO program.
CREATING A DUAL-BOOT DISK
First make it ProDOS bootable as explained above. It must also have an
additional file DOS.SYSTEM on the ProDOS half and a HELLO program on
the DOS 3.3 half. Follwoing these steps:
1- Use HYBRID CREATE to make a hybrid data disk.
2- Transfer the three files PRODOS,BASIC.SYSTEM,AND DOS.SYSTEM from the
EXTRA K disk to your hybrid data disk.
3- Type "NEW" and enter this sample STARTUP program:
10 HOME: VTAB 8
20 HTAB13: PRINT"D-DOS 3.3"
30 PRINT: HTAB 17: PRINT"OR":PRINT
40 HTAB 13:PRINT"P-PRODOS"
50 PRINT: HTAB13:PRINT"SELECT;";
60 GET A$: ON A$ <> "D" AND A$ <> "P" GOTO 60: PRINT A$
70 IF A$ = "D" THEN PRINT CHR$(4)"-DOS.SYSTEM"
80 PRINT CHR$(4)"CAT"
4- Save this program as "STARTUP" (on ProDOS half).
5- Now boot DOS 3.3 and make a HELLO file for the DOS 3.3 half.
That's it.
---------------------
LOGBOOK (ProDOS only)
---------------------
This program keeps a visual history of your work. While it is active,
every character printed to the text screen is simultaneously saved in
auxiliary memory for easy recall. If memory capacity is reached (more than
47,000 characters), the earliest characters are replaced by new information.
COMMANDS:Once it is loaded, you can connect it with a PR#0 or PR#3 command.
Several commands will disconnect it; CONTROL-RESET,ESC-CONTROL-Q,ESC-4,
ESC-8, or PR#x (where x is not 0 or 3). CONTROL Q will quit storing
information. CONTROL R will reactivate it. CONTROL V allows you to view
the contents of the LOGBOOK.
To see you logbook, enter "Look Mode". ESC or CONTROL C will exit the
Look Mode. The following commands work while in Look Mode:
DOWN-ARROW = Scroll down one full page.
RIGHT-ARROW = Scrool down one line.
UP-ARROW = Scrool up one ful page.
LEFT-ARROW = Scrool up one line.
B = Jump to the beginning of the logbook.
E = Jump to the end of the logbook.
F = Find something. You will be prompted with "FIND:" to type the characters
you wish to search for. A beep tells you they were not found. If a match
is found, the line containing the match will be at the top of the screen. Press RETURN to continue the search.
M = Mark line for future reference
CONTROL-Z Will zap the logbook of all information. To remove it just run
the FP program.
-----------------
PEEK.AND.POKE and
PEEK.AND.POKE.X
-----------------
These two programs install routines that let you Peek and Poke aux. memory
using two new ampersand commands, &PEEK and &POKE. PEEK.AND.POKE works with
normal Applesoft. PEEK.AND.POKE.X is compatiable with the EXTRA.VARIABLES
program.
USING THE NEW COMMANDS-
&POKE address, expression [,bank]
&PEEK address,variable [,bank]
To remove these programs "FP" from DOS 3.3, or "-FP" from ProDOS"
-------
SPOOLER (ProDOS and Apple //c only)
-------
SPOOLER works with the //c only.
SPOOLER works with standard printer slot 1 only.
SPOOLER requires ProDOS 1.1.0 or later.
SPOOLER won't work with any word processor.
This program lets //c owners use the extra 64k as a printer buffer.
To install type "-SPOOLER" after it's loaded, you will be prompted with
two messages which are self explainatory.
SPOOLER COMMANDS-
once it is loaded, you enter the programming mode by pressing both of
the Apple keys (each side of the space bar) simultaneously. A "SPOOLER
COMMAND: " prompt will be given. Select one of the following commands:
C = CLEAR
SPACE BAR = Pause / Resume
Q = Quit
Note: activating a mouse will turn off SPOOLER. Always exit SPOOLER
by selecting the "Q" option, or by executing FP.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
This DOC file brought to you by THE GHOST of The Atlanta Crackers
300/1200 baud BBS & AE 40 megs on-line
(404)449-5986
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
(>
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