537 lines
23 KiB
Plaintext
537 lines
23 KiB
Plaintext
SUBJECT: EXTRACTION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY FROM SPACE FILE: UFO3265
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PART 1
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(word processor parameters LM=8, RM=75, TM=2, BM=2)
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Taken from KeelyNet BBS (214) 324-3501
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Sponsored by Vangard Sciences
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There are ABSOLUTELY NO RESTRICTIONS
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on duplicating, publishing or distributing the
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files on KeelyNet!
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December 4, 1990
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DPALMA1.ASC
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This file provided courtesy of Weirdbase at 314-741-2231
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TEXT FILE NOTES:
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The following paper by Dr. Bruce DePalma was issued with no
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copyright as a gift to the world. There are no USA patents on the
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described technology. The source for this was "The DePalma Research
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Papers" which was printed by
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For The People,
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P.O. 15999,
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Tampa, FL 33684.
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Most of the figures mentioned could not be reproduced in this text
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file. The following information appeared at the bottom of each page
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of the original document:
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DePalma Energy Worldwide
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1187 Coast Village Road #1-163
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Santa Barbara, California 93108
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(805) 969-6442
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If anyone is interested in other DePalma papers, send email to:
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Mark
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The Outer Limits BBS (300-2400 baud)
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(304) 327-7452
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Monday-Friday
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8:00am - 7:00pm
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Page 1
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originated 29 April 1990
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ON THE POSSIBILITY OF EXTRACTION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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DIRECTLY FROM SPACE
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by: Bruce DePalma
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Abstract: Based upon an effect first discovered by Michael Faraday
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in 1831, the N machine/Space Power Generator (fig. 1) is
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an electrical machine which has the possibility of
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producing electrical energy with significantly less
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mechanical power input than the presently employed
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induction machines.
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In the fall of 1831 when Michael Faraday performed the initial
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experiments which resulted in the discovery of the first dynamo, he
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also described a phenomenon which has yet to be understood in terms
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of conventional electrical theory.
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In paragraphs 255, 256, and 257 of his diary (fig. 2, ref. 1), dated
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December 26, 1831, is described the experiment of cementing a copper
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disc on top of a cylinder magnet, paper intervening, and supporting
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the magnet by means of a string so as to rotate axially, with the
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wires of a galvanometer connected to the edge and axis of the copper
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plate.
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When this combination was caused to rotate an electrical potential
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was found to be created. The polarity and the magnitude of the
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potential was found to be the same as would occur if the copper
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plate had moved and the magnet remained still.
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Faraday spent his latter years pondering the relationship between
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the situation of magnet and disc rotating together vis-a-vis the
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situation of fixed magnet and disc rotating independently.
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He explained the situation by positing the assumption that the
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magnetic field of a magnet remained stationary in space whilst the
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metal of the magnet revolved axially. Thus a relative motion would
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exist between the moving metal of the magnet and the posited
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stationary flux lines giving rise to the expected potential which
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results from the motion of a wire through a magnetic field.
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Through the years many attempts have been made to observe whether
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magnetic field lines rotate with the motion of a magnet which is
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rotated about an axis connecting its poles.
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To date, no conclusive proof has been found that the lines of force
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rotate with the magnet or not (ref. 2, 3). One experimenter Djuric
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(ref. 4) goes so far as to say:
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"That no experiment with the generalized homopolar generator
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or its classical form can resolve the puzzle, which one of
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the two logically possible hypotheses is correct, the moving
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force line hypothesis or the nonmoving force line
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hypothesis."
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In 1978, after having studied the anomalous inertial and
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Page 2
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gravitational phenomena of the precessing gyroscope through numerous
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experiments carried out in the prior seven years, it occurred to me
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that anomalous electrical phenomena might occur if the gyroscope was
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magnetized, the magnetic lines of force being parallel to the axis
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of rotation.
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Following in the footsteps of Faraday, I reasoned the metal of the
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magnetized gyroscope moving through its own magnetic field, when
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rotated would produce an electrical potential between the axle and
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the outer edge of the rotating magnetized flywheel.
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The voltage thus created would be described by the well known laws
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of electrical induction relating to the relative motion of a
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conducting wire and a magnetic field.
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As is well known, Lenz's Law applies to the forces which are
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generated between a current carrying wire moving in the vicinity of
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a magnetic pole wherein the current through the wire is the
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resultant of the electrical potential generated by the motion of
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said wire being applied to an external load.
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In the case of the rotating cylindrical magnetized conductor,
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however, it is not clear how Lenz's Law could be applied. In static
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measurements, current can be passed through a cylindrical magnet
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between the outer circumference and the central axle passing through
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its poles.
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The torque developed will be the same as one would get by suspending
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a copper disc over one of the magnetic poles and holding the magnet
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fixed (ref. 5, 6). The question is:
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since the rotating gyroscope possesses anomalous inertial
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and gravitational properties,
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would the back torque of the rotating magnetized gyroscope
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be the same with a given amount of current passing through
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it as would be if the rotation were blocked and a fixed
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torque measurement made.
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Despite the simplicity of the one piece rotating magnetized
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conductor, N machine/SPG, compared to the two piece rotating
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induction machine or Faraday disc, in the time since its discovery
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in 1831, no one had performed a test to see if the same generator
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principles were at work as one found in a conventional induction
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machine.
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In 1978 in Santa Barbara, California, a large electromagnetically
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excited N machine/SPG was constructed, the "Sunburst" machine. This
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machine was independently tested by Dr. Robert Kincheloe, Professor
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Emeritus of Electrical Engineering at Stanford University (ref. 7).
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The abstract of this report quotes:
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"Known for over 150 years, the Faraday homopolar generator
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has been claimed to provide a basis for so-called "free
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energy" generation, in that under certain conditions the
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extraction of electrical output energy is not reflected as
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a corresponding mechanical load to the driving source.
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Page 3
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During 1985 I was invited to test such a machine. While it
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did not perform as claimed, repeatable data showed anomalous
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results that did not seem to conform to traditional theory.
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In particular, under certain assumptions about internally
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generated output voltage, the increase in input power when
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power was extracted from the generator over that measured
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due to frictional losses with the generator unexcited seemed
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to be either about 13% or 20% of the maximum computed
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generated power, depending on interpretation."
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Figure (3) and (4) show the construction of the "Sunburst" machine.
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Figure (5) is a graph of the input and output power vs. speed.
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After a thoroughgoing critique and examination of his data Kincheloe
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concludes:
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"DePalma may have been right in that there is indeed a
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situation here whereby energy is being obtained from a
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previously unknown and unexplained source.
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This is a conclusion that most scientists and engineers
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would reject out of hand as being a violation of accepted
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laws of physics, and if true has incredible implications."
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The "Sunburst" machine was an experiment to determine if the
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rotating magnet N machine/SPG operating as an electrical generator
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would produce less back torque than a conventional induction machine
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generating the same current.
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A practical SPG would employ permanent or super-conducting magnets
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eliminating the burden of excitation of an open flux path
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electromagnet.
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Replacement of sliding carbon-graphite or copper-graphite brushes
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with liquid metal contacts reduces mechanical friction losses by
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80%. Brush voltage drop is negligible in liquid metal sliding
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contacts.
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Both of these techniques are employed in the machines currently
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produced (ref. 8, 9). Applied to the "Sunburst" design the
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techniques of liquid metal current collectors and permanent magnets
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for the field excitation could result in a machine with an
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output/input power ratio of 5:1.
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A parallel program of SPG R&D has been taking place in India since
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1978. P. Tewari of the Indian Atomic Power Board had developed a
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generalized theory of matter and energy which showed that energy
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could be developed from the vacuum by positing a structure for the
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electron.
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Having received the experimental results of the "Sunburst" machine
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he instituted an r&d program to develop practical versions of the
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SPG for general use. Tewari has constructed N machine/SPG apparatus
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which produces excess output power over that required to rotate the
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generator when all losses have been subtracted from the output
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generated power (ref. 10, 11, 12, 13).
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The phenomenon of direct extraction of electrical energy from space
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Page 4
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has a simple explanation based on a re-interpretation of magnetism.
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Heretofore it has been believed that the magnetic field comes from
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the magnet. The phenomenon of the magnetic field can also be
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explained by positing a primordial energy field, which, in the first
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order is uniform and homogeneous.
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The highly anisotropic condition of the material of the magnet, if
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it be the permanent variety, or the condition created by the passage
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of electric current through a solenoid, causes a distortion of the
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isotropic field which we know as magnetism.
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Passing a conducting wire through the spatial distortion adjacent to
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the pole of a magnet elicits the electric potential across the ends
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of the wire.
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Field magnets in electric generators do not run down nor does more
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electrical excitation need be applied no matter how much energy is
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being drawn from the machine. This is because the generated
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electrical energy is being drawn from the spatial distortion created
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by the field magnets.
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The drag and energy penalty of the conventional two piece induction
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electrical generator arises from the incomplete understanding of
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magnetism and the nature of the magnetic field.
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If we accept the notion that all electricity generation arises from
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distortions of a primordial energy field then we could look to
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methods of creating the appropriate distortion and concomitant
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energy generation without invoking Lenz's Law.
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Based on this interpretation the rotating magnetized conductor N
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machine/SPG is a method of eliciting the spatial energy without the
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drag associated with the two piece machines.
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The further conclusion is that mechanical energy is not "converted"
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to electrical energy in an electrical generator. The idea of
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"conversion" is simply an unproven assumption. Different electrical
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machines produce energy with different efficiencies.
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In these days of depletion of natural resources there would be no
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reason to employ the induction generator of 150 years ago when
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electricity could be generated much more efficiently by the simpler
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one-piece N machine/SPG.
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Page 5
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REFERENCES:
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(1) Martin, 1932, Thomas Martin (ed.), "Faraday's Diary",
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Bell, 1932, in five volumes.
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(2) Cramp and Norgrove, 1936, "Some Investigations on the
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Axial Spin of a Magnet and on the Laws of Electromagnetic
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Induction", Journal of The Institute of Electrical
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Engineers, vol. 78, 1936, pp. 481-491.
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(3) Crooks, Litvin, and Matthews, 1978, "One Piece Faraday
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Generator: A Paradoxical Experiment from 1851", Am.
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J. Phys., vol. 46(7), July 1978, pp. 729-731.
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(4) Djuric, 1975, "Spinning Magnetic Fields", J. Appl. Phys.,
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vol. 46, (2), February 1975, pp. 679-688.
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(5) Kimball, 1926, A. L. Kimball, Jr., "Torque on a Revolving
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Cylindrical Magnet", Phys. Rev., vol. 28, December 1928,
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pp. 1302-1308.
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(6) Zeleny, 1924, Zeleny and Page, "Torque on a Cylindrical
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Magnet through which a Current is Passing", Phys. Rev.,
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vol. 24, 14 July 1924, pp. 544-559.
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(7) Kincheloe, 1986, "Homopolar 'Free Energy' Generator Test",
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paper presented at the 1986 meeting of The Society for
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Scientific Exploration, San Francisco, California, June
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21, 1986, revised February 1, 1987. Address: Dr. W.
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Robert Kincheloe, 401 Durand/ITV, Stanford, California
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94305.
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(8) DePalma, 1988, "Initial Testing Report of DePalma N-1
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Electrical Generator", Magnets in Your Future, vol. 3(8),
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August 1988, pp. 4-7, 27, P.O. Box 580, Temecula,
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California 92390
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(9) United States Department of Commerce, "Business Daily",
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Tuesday, January 2, 1990, issue no. PSA-9999. "David
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Taylor Research Center, code 3311, Annapolis, Maryland
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21402-5067: A Research and Development Source Sought.
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Broad Agency Announcement for Homopolar Machinery and
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Current Collector Technology." BAA details requirements
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for homopolar machinery for ship propulsion. Power
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range 25,000 to 50,000 horsepower at anticipated current
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levels of 50,000 to 100,000 amperes. Superconducting
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magnets and liquid metal current collectors are called
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for. "Field magnets can be normal or superconductive and
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located internal to the rotor or external to the stator."
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Describes combination of N machine/SPG connected to
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Faraday disc motor for "integrated electric drive" ship
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propulsion.
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(10) Paramahamsa Tewari, "Beyond Matter", Printwell
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Publications, Aligarh, India, 1984.
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(11) Paramahamsa Tewari, "Generation of Electrical Power from
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Absolute Vacuum by High Speed Rotation of Conducting
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Magnetic Cylinder", Magnets in Your Future, vol. 1 (8),
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August 1986, P.O. Box 580, Temecula, California 92390.
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Page 6
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(12) Paramahamsa Tewari, "Violation of Conservation of Charge
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in Space Power Generation Phenomenon", Paramahamsa Tewari,
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Chief Project Engineer, KAIGA Project, Nuclear Power
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Corporation, Kodibagh-581303, Karwar, Karnataka, India.
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(13) Paramahamsa Tewari, "Detection of Stationary and Dynamic
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Space Substratum", paper presented at 1990 Borderland
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Sciences Congress, Santa Barbara, California, June 14-17,
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1990. Borderland Sciences, P.O. Box 429, Garberville,
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California 95440-049, U.S.A.
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(The following figure had an accompanying drawing
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which could not be reproduced in this text file.)
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Figure (2) Test of a rotating magnet by Michael Faraday, December
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26, 1831.
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255. A copper disc was cemented on the top of a cylinder
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magnet, paper intervening, the top being the marked pole;
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the magnet supported so as to rotate by means of string,
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and the wires of the galvanometer connected with the edge
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and the axis of the copper plate.
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Vangard notes...
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The diagram below is to clarify the arrangement of the coil,
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copper disc and paper insulator.
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String --------> |
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____|____
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| : |
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Suspended | : |
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Cylinder ---> | : |
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Magnet | : <----------Magnetic AXIS
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| : |
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| : |
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| : |
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|____:____|
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Paper Insulator -----> ======:======
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Copper Disc ----> ******:******<-------| (edge)
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/|\ |
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* * * * * * * * | ____|____
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Copper Disc glued to (axis)| | |
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paper insulator glued to |_________| |
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end of magnet pole | Volt |
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* * * * * * * * | Meter |
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|_________|
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The following description from Faraday's notes is a bit
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imprecise, it seems that the term screw indicates CW and
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unscrew indicates CCW.
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If this is the correct translation then this is simply a change
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in direction of the induced current.
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This comes about when both the copper disc and magnet are
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rotated together.
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Page 7
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When the magnet and disc (are rotated) together, (by)
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unscrew(ing or adjusting the ammeter) the marked end of the
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needle went west.
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When the magnet and disc (are) rotated (by) screw(ing or
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adjusting the ammeter) the marked end of the needle went east.
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256. This direction is the same as that which would have
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resulted if the copper had moved and the magnet been still.
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Hence moving the magnet causes no difference PROVIDED the
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copper moves. A rotating and a stationary magnet cause the
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same effect.
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257. The disc was then loosed from the magnet and held still
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whilst the magnet itself was revolved; but now no effect upon
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the galvanometer.
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Hence it appears that, of the metal circuit in which the
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current is to be formed, different parts must move with
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DIFFERENT ANGULAR VELOCITIES. (another KEY principle)
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If with the same, no current is produced, i.e. when both parts
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are external to the magnet.
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(The other figures were not reproducible in this text file.)
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If you have comments or other information relating to such topics
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as this paper covers, please upload to KeelyNet or send to the
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Vangard Sciences address as listed on the first page.
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Thank you for your consideration, interest and support.
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Jerry W. Decker.........Ron Barker...........Chuck Henderson
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Vangard Sciences/KeelyNet
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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If we can be of service, you may contact
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Jerry at (214) 324-8741 or Ron at (214) 242-9346
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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*********************************************************************
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* -------->>> THE U.F.O. BBS - http://www.ufobbs.com/ufo <<<------- *
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*********************************************************************
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Page 8
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