217 lines
8.3 KiB
Plaintext
217 lines
8.3 KiB
Plaintext
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SELF-SUSTAINED ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPULSION
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(or 'How to generate mechanical momentum from enclosed
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electromagnetic energy only'). (Patent Pending).
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Michael J.G. Polonyi,
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Consultant,
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54-44 69th. St.,
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Maspeth, NY 11378
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According to Ref.1 and others, it is not possible to create
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mechanical momentum from enclosed electromagnetic energy only :
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'For it is an obvious postulate that in stationary state in which
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matter is at rest and in which there are no waves escaping, there
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can be no electromagnetic momentum'.
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Still, this should be possible, and simpler than originally
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thought of :
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Suppose a Helmholtz coils arrangement, i.e. two flat coils,
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separated a distance approximately equal to the radius of a coil.
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If an alternating current is applied on each coil, an
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electromagnetic field will be generated by each one. So, an
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attraction and repulsion effect will appear at the frequency of
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the applied currents and fields, on each coil, due to the field
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generated by the other coil.
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Now, the question arises: is it possible that, instead of the
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coils attracting and repelling each other, both will experiment a
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force in the same direction? In other words: if you mount them
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on a cart, will the cart move in one direction ?
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Apparently it is possible after all, at least theoretically,
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because it is not the current but the FIELD generated by the
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said current that reacts with the other coil, and, since it takes
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a certain amount of time for the field to cross the space between
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the coils, it is just a matter of finding an arrangement that
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will create a unidirectional force condition.
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Is there such a force condition ? Yes, and it is very simple :
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If, (a) the frequency is sufficiently high so that the distance
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'D' between the coils will be a quarter of a wavelength, (b) both
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fields are of the same frequency, and (c) are in phase when they
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meet at one coil (they will be in opposite phase when they reach
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the second coil), then, a force will appear alternating on each
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coil but this force will always point in the same direction,
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since, one of the coils (the leading one) will always be 'pushed'
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by the field of the lagging one, which in turn will always be
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'pulled' by the leading coil field.
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For clarity, see the following chart that corresponds to the
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schematic further down :
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| FIELD | FIELD | FIELD | FIELD | DIREC. | FORCE
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Time| COIL1 | COIL1 | COIL2 | COIL2 | OF | ON
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| POS.1 | POS.2 | POS.1 | POS.2 | FORCE | COIL #
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-------------------------------------------------------
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| | | | | |
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0 | MAX | | | 0 | |
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| | | | | |
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D/C | 0 | MAX | 0 | MAX | + | 2
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| | | | | |
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2D/C | MIN | 0 | MAX | 0 | + | 1
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| | | | | |
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3D/C | 0 | MIN | 0 | MIN | + | 2
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and so on ...
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C : speed of the magnetic vector
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D/C : quarter-wavelength travel time.
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Now, to avoid electromagnetic radiation the assembly CAN BE
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ENCLOSED. The enclosure will also affect the wavelength and
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force, depending on the particular shape and quality of the
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enclosure. But this also means that the electromagnetic energy is
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not radiated (other than termal losses) and CAN BE RECIRCULATED
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i.e. an 'electromagnetic wheeling' effect.
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This arrangement is similar to a directional coupler in microwave
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technology, in which the electromagnetic energy propagates in one
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direction only.
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If the energy can propagate in one direction only in a closed
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waveguide, then both ends of the waveguide can be joined in a
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ring-shape, and consequently angular mechanical momentum can be
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generated at will.
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Obviously:
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(a) Any two electromagnetic sources, out-of-phase
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in time and space will give you this effect.
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The force will be maximum when the sources are
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a quarter of a wavelength appart, in space and
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time.
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(b) It can be enclosed in a metal box of any shape,
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something very similar to a resonant cavity,
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which in turn SHOULD BE ABLE TO MOVE.
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(c) When the fields are in-phase there is no
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resultant force but an increase in
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electromagnetic mass !
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As far as the calculations go, here is some preliminary:
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coil1 coil2
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------------|----------------------|------------------------> x
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x=0 x=c/4f
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c = field propagation velocity
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f = field frequency
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coil 1 : H1 = I1 sin wt
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coil 2 : H2 = I2 cos wt
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___
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distance : c/4f = // /2 ; i.e. quarter-wavelength
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___
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Field H1 at coil 2: H12 = I1 sin (wt - // /2) = I1 (-cos wt)
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2
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Force at coil 2 F2 = u H12 * H2 = - u I1 I2 cos wt
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This expression says that coil2 will always feel attracted, or
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pulled by coil 1.
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___
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Field H2 at coil 1: H21 = - I2 cos(wt - // /2) = -I2 sin wt
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is negative because it travels in the opposite
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direction.
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2
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Force at coil 1 : F1 = u H1 * H21 = - u I1 I2 sin wt
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I.e.: coil1 always feels repelled, or pushed, by coil2.
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Ergo, a unidirectional force !
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To concentrate the field and avoid magnetic lines dispersion, a
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core or nucleus of magnetic material can be used to improve the
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force effect. The magnetic material will then slow down the
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propagation of the magnetic field waves, therefore allowing to
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decrease, either the frequency or the distance between coils.
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This core behaves very much like a 'resonant cavity' also.
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For enclosed electromagnetic fields, the electromagnetic force
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equation in integral form can be used (Ref.2).
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The magnitude of the forces involved is very small, therefore it
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is difficult to set up an experiment that will demonstrate the
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principle, since very high frequencies and fields are necessary.
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For two coils mounted on a ferrite antenna core, with a relative
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permeability of 10, separated 6 cm, 28.2 ampturn at 395 MHZ and
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156 ohms/turn are needed to generate 1 Newton ! This is 124 kVA !
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plus losses.
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But, according to the 'Principle of Equivalence' if it is
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possible to create a force, in space, from enclosed
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electromagnetic energy only, it should be possible to create the
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inverse, i.e. electromagnetic energy from a 'force field'.
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In a previous work by this author (Ref.3), it was suggested that
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the 'electromagnetic momentum density' was the (missing) link
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between mechanics and electrodynamics. This would suggest in
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turn, that gravitation is nothing else than 'phase waves',
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similar to the ones that develop in microwave guides and resonant
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cavities. But for 'phase waves' to exist, there must be an
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electromagnetic field of that frequency present already.
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This, in turn, brings back the concept of 'ether', and that all
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mass, and even the whole universe is probably nothing else but a
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gigantic 'resonant cavity'. A very powerful concept.
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In (4) it is claimed, that an experiment has been set-up that can
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measure absolute velocities, and explains why the Michelson-
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Morley experiment fails to do so. This, in turn, would be
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complementary proof of the above, the existence of an 'ether'.
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References :
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(1) Casimir, H.B.G., 'ON ELECTROMAGNETIC MOMENTUM AND
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PONDEROMOTRIC FORCES', Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie
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van Wetenschappen, Proc. B (Netherlands), Vol.75, No.1, 6-
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11, 1972.
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(2) Paris D.T. and Hurd F.K., 'BASIC ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY.
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McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1969, Chapter 6, p.290. eq 6-51.
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(3) Polonyi, M.J.G., 'ELECTRODYNAMICS, INERTIA AND GRAVITATION :
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a unfying approach', Speculations in Science and Technology,
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Vol.10, No.2 page 145, 9/1987.
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(4) Silvertooth, E.W., 'EXPERIMENTAL DETECTION OF THE ETHER',
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Speculations in Science and Technology, Vol.10, N0.1, p.3,
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1987.
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-end-
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