252 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
252 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
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UFO INFORMATION SERVICE SEATTLE, WASHINGTON
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ACUTE EXPOSURE AND LEVELS OF RADIATION SICKNESSES
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____________________________________________________________________________
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EXPOSURE RANGE TYPE OF INJURY PROBABLE MORTALITY RATE
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(ROENTGENS) WITHIN 6 MONTHS OF EXPOSURE
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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000-050 NONE SEEN NONE
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050-200 LEVEL I SICKNESS 5 PERCENT OR LESS
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200-450 LEVEL II SICKNESS 50 PERCENT OR LESS
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450-600 LEVEL III SICKNESS 50 PERCENT OR MORE
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600-PLUS LEVEL IV AND V 100 PERCENT
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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EXPLANATIONS OF SICKNESS LEVELS FOR SINGLE DOSE
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___________________________________________________________________________
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LEVEL I - Less than half the persons exposed will vomit within 24 hours.
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There are either no subsequent symptoms or, at most, only
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increased fatigue. Less than 5 percent will require medical
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care for radiation injury. Others can perform their customary
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tasks. Deaths that occur are caused by complications such as
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blast and thermal injuries or infections and disease.
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LEVEL II - More that half the persons exposed will vomit soon after
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exposure and will be ill for several days. This will be
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followed by a period of one to three weeks when there are
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few or no symptoms. At the end of this latent period loss
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of hair will be seen in more than half followed by a moderately
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severe illness due primarily to the damage to the blood
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forming organs. More than half will survive with the chances
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of survival being better for those who received the smaller
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doses.
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LEVEL III - This is a more serious version of Level II sickness. The
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initial period of illness is longer, the latent period shorter,
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and the ensuing illness is characterized by extensive
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hemorrhages and complicating infections. Less than half
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will survive.
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LEVEL IV - This is an accelerated version of Level III sickness. All in
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the group will begin to vomit soon after exposure and this
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will continue for several days or until death, which occurs
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before the end of the second week, and usually before the
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appearance of hemorrhages or loss of hair.
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LEVEL V - This is an extremely severe illness in which damage to the
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brain and nervous system predominates. Symptoms, signs and
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rapid prostration come on almost as soon as the dose has been
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received. Death occurs in a few hours or a few days. Illness
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of this type would involve exposure to gamma radiation in
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excess of several thousand roentgens.
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_______________________________________________________________________________
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PERSONAL DECONTAMINATION - AFTER THE EXPOSURE
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___________________________________________________________________________
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PERSONAL DECONTAMINATION SHOULD NOT BE NEEDED IF THE RADIATION SOURCE IS A
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SAMPLE OF SOIL, OR ANY OTHER OBJECT. MONITOR THE EXPOSURE RATE AND DO NOT
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EXCEED 5 R/hr. IF THE RADIATION LEVEL IS IN THIS RANGE, LEAVE THE AREA AS
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IT WILL BE HAZARDOUS TO YOUR HEALTH TO REMAIN IN THE VICINITY. IF YOU
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HAPPEN TO GET CONTAMINATED, WASH OR WIPE CONTAMINATION OFF YOUR PERSON
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AS SOON AS YOU CAN. RADIATION IS NOT...CONTAGIOUS! IT CAN HOWEVER BE
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TRANSMITTED BETWEEN PARTIES THAT DO NOT OBSERVE CAUTION IN HOW THEY ARE
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HANDLING A RADIOACTIVE SAMPLE.
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____________________________________________________________________________
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UFO INFORMATION SERVICE
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MYTHS ABOUT RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL
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____________________________________
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1. IF YOU ENCOUNTER A PERSON WHO
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HAS BEEN EXPOSED TO RADIATION,
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YOU WILL NOT GET RADIATION
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SICKNESS FROM THAT INDIVIDUAL
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UNLESS HE/SHE STILL HAS THE
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CONTAMINATION ON HIM/HER.
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___________________________________
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TYPES OF RADIATION HAZARDS
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____________________________________
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ALPHA - IT CAN PENETRATE ONLY THE
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EPIDERMAL LAYER OF SKIN. IT
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IS PRIMARILY ONLY AN
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INTERNAL RADIATION HAZARD.
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BETA - IT CAN PENETRATE THE SKIN
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AND MAY CAUSE SEVERE SKIN
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AND TISSUE DAMAGE. IT IS
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AN INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL
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HAZARD.
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GAMMA - IT IS IDENTICAL WITH AN
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X-RAY OF HIGH ENERGY. IT
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CAN PENETRATE DENSE MATERIAL
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AND IS A SERIOUS HAZARD...
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_____________________________________
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DETERMINING RADIATION LEVELS AT A LANDING SITE
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The following equation is used for determining the level of radiation at
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a source with an estimated distance and a Geiger Counter reading at your
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location.
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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DR(s) = D(squared) X DR(x) where DR(s) is the dose rate at the source,
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where D(squared) is the distance from the
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source squared,
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where DR(x) is the Geiger Counter reading at
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your location. Or in simple terms...
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Distance (Squared) times Dose Rate (at your location) = Dose Rate at
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the Source divided by 1000.
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Example: You take a reading with your Geiger Counter (CDV-700 Model) and
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you get 20 mr/hr.
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You then estimate the distance to the Source of the radiation as
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being about 30 feet. This distance squared is 900.
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20 mr/hr times 900 and get 18000, divide this by 1000 and get
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a dose rate at the source of 18 R/hr.
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NOTE! If you get a reading of over 5 R/hr or more, do not enter
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the area as it will...be hazardous to your health!
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UNDERSTANDING THE READINGS ON THE GEIGER COUNTER
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___________________________________________________________________________
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For the purpose of explaining the readings you may get on a Geiger Counter,
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we have chosen to explain the meter on a standard Civil Defense Model
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CDV-700 which will measure radiation in the 0-50 milliroentgen range.
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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The meter on the CDV-700 has incremented readings of:
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.1
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.2
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.3
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.4
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.5
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The meter also has a select knob for either (X1), (X10), or (X100).
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If you had the knob turned to (X10) and received a reading of say, .2 on
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the meter, you would be getting 2 milliroentgens per hour. If the same
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reading were received and the knob was set to (X100), then the reading
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would actually be 20 milliroentgens per hour.
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Note: 1 Roentgen = 1000 milliroentgens.
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Other types of Standard Geiger Counters...
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CDV-700 Reads 0-050 milliroentgens per hour.
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CDV-715 Reads 0-500 roentgens per hour.
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CDV-742 Reads 0-200 roentgens per hour, this is a dosimeter that will
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fit into your pocket.
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CDV-750 This is the charging unit for the CDV-742 and other models of
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dosimeters.
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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CALCULATING PERSONAL RADIATION EXPOSURE LEVELS
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___________________________________________________________________________
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There are two easy ways to determine your total exposure to radiation.
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They are #1 - Dosimeter Readings, or
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#2 - Geiger Counter Readings
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Notes: First visible injuries will occur after you have received a dose of
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approximately 280 R/hr.
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The maximum allowable dose that may be received, and still allow
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you to live, is 200 R/hr in a two week period.
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Total Exposure - Personal Calculations:
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Method #1 - Dosimeter reading:
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If your Dosimeter reads 10 mr/hr after 2 hours of investigating
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the landing sight, then your personal exposure is...10 mr/hr.
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Method #2 - Geiger Counter Readings:
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Taken after 1 Hour: 05 R/hr
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Taken after 2 Hours: 30 R/hr
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Taken after 3 Hours: 31 R/hr
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Your Total Exposure would be 66 R/hr. You will at this point
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have entered the first danger zone and may experience Level I
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Sickness. See (S2) for explanations of sickness levels.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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***************************************************************************
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* THE COMPUFON NETWORK - DETERMINING DECAY RATE FOR RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS *
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***************************************************************************
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There are many complicated methods for determining the decay rate for
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Radioactive materials. We have used only one here as it is about as safe
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and simple as we can get without getting too complicated and technical.
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If you desire to have some of the other methods explained, please send me
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your name / address and your interests, and I'll help you out. Thanks!
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Mike Hart - State of Washington - Radiological Defense Officer
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Method #1 - The 7-10 Rule:
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Time: Decay: R/hr:
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First Hour (H1) Not applicable 1000
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Seventh Hour (H7) 1 tenth of H1 100
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Fourty-ninth Hour 1 tenth of H7 10
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Note: Remember that if the R/hr reading is near or over 5 R/hr, Do Not
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enter the area due to the hazards of possible injury.
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=============================================================================
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---------------------------
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C U F O N
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---------------------------
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Computer UFO Network
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Seattle Washington, USA
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(206) 776-0382 8 Data Bits, No Parity, 1 Stop Bit 300/1200/2400 bps.
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SYSOP - Jim Klotz Information Director - Dale Goudie
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UFO Reporting and Information Service
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Voice Line - (206) 721-5035
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P.O.Box 832, Mercer Island, WA 98040, USA
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- Please credit CUFON as the source of this material -
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============================================================================
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