112 lines
6.7 KiB
Plaintext
112 lines
6.7 KiB
Plaintext
ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßÛßßßßßÛÛÜ ÜÜßßßßÜÜÜÜ ÜÛÜ ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÜÜÜÜÛßß ßÛÛ
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ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÛ ÜÛÛÛÜÛÛÜÜÜ ßÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÜÜÜÛÛÝ Ûß
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ßßßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ÞÝ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßßÛÜÞÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßßÛÛÛÞß
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Mo.iMP ÜÛÛÜ ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÝ ßÛß
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ß ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ÜÛ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß
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ÜÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÜÜ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÞÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛßß
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ÜÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÛÛÜÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛ ßÛÛÛÛÛ Ü ÛÝÛÛÛÛÛ Ü
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ÜÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ßÛÜ ßÛÛÛÜÜ ÜÜÛÛÛß ÞÛ ÞÛÛÛÝ ÜÜÛÛ
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ÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÜ ßßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÜÜÜß ÛÛÛÛÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÛÛÛÛÛß
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ßÛÜ ÜÛÛÛß ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßßÜÜ ßßÜÛÛßß ßÛÛÜ ßßßÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßß
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ßßßßß ßßÛÛß ßßßßß ßßßßßßßßßßßßß
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ARRoGANT CoURiERS WiTH ESSaYS
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Grade Level: Type of Work Subject/Topic is on:
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[ ]6-8 [ ]Class Notes [Report on the ]
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[ ]9-10 [ ]Cliff Notes [Transcendental Movement ]
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[x]11-12 [x]Essay/Report [of 1830. ]
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[ ]College [ ]Misc [ ]
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Dizzed: 07/94 # of Words:892 School:Private/Girls State:NY
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ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>Chop Here>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
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THE TRANSCENDENTAL MOVEMENT
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In 1830, a movement known as Transcendentalism began to gain
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popularity in America. Representing an idealistic system of thought,
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"strength, courage, self-confidence, and independence of mind"1 were some
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basic values admired by the followers of the Transcendental movement.
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Transcendentalists opposed many aspects of their government, where they
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felt "many unjust laws existed."2 Therefore, they became the leaders of
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many modern reform movements. Transcendentalists also had a major affect
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on their society. Transcendentalism became a "powerful force for
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democracy."3
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Originating in the area in and around Concord, Massachusettes,
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Transcendentalism was recognized as having an "underlying relationship to
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the Romantic movement as a whole."4 Three of the most obvious or well
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known sources or origin of Transcendentalism are neo-platonism, German
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idealistic philosophy, and certain Eastern mystical writings which were
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introduced into the Boston area in the early nineteenth century."5
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Transcendental beliefs focused on "the importance of spirit over
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matter."6 Ralph Waldo Emerson, a well known Transcendentalist, felt that
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"all men aspire to the highest, and most of them spend their lives seeking
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money and power only because they see nothing higher."7 Followers also
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believed in a spiritual hunger, or the need to find themselves one with the
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world. In addition, they believed in "an ascending hierarchy of spiritual
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values rising to absolute good, truth, and beauty."8 Transcendentalists
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also believed in a supreme being, the Oversoul, and felt that "if the
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Oversoul is all powerful and at the same time good, then evil does not
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exist."9
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Transcendentalism "appealed to the best side of human nature,
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confident in the divine spark in all men, and it was a clarion call to
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throw off the shackles of custom and tradition, and go forward to the
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development of a new and distinct American culture."10 It was believed
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that human nature was basically good since "God was in every person."11
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Therefore, "man, because he isthe creature of God, necessarily partakes of
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the divine nature of his creator."12 Man's creator, the Oversoul, was
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conceived by Emerson as an "all pervading spiritual power from which all
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things emanate, and from which man derives the divine spark of his inner
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being."13 This Oversoul is "by definition good."14 The Oversoul "dwelt
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within human beings as well as in nature."15
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The Transcendentalists also supported many various reform movements
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such as the following: suffrage for women, better conditions for workers,
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temperance for all, modifications of dress and diet, the rise of free
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religion, educational innovation, and other various humanitarian causes.
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The Transcendentalists became leaders or spokesmen of reform movements in
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church, state, and society.
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Transcendentalists are also known for contributing to the rise of free
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religion, aiding the abolitionist movement, supporting feminism, and
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promoting communitarian experiments. In the abolitionist movement, many
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reformers felt that "when a sixth of the population of a nation which has
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undertaken to be the refuge of liberty are slaves, and a whole country is
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unjustly overrun and conquered by a foreign army and subject to military
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law, then it is not too soon for honest men to rebel and revolutionize."16
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Transcendentalism's affect on society was tremendous. Because they led
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many reform movements and rejected the conventional ideas of the eighteenth
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century thought, a rift began to form between the old and new ideas in
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society. Transcendentalism represented a battle between the older and the
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younger generations. It also represented an emergence of a new national
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culture based on native materials. This began to influence a break in
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American culture. Transcendentalism encouraged "a complete break with
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tradition and custom, encouraged individualism and self-reliance and
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rejected a too-intellectual approach to life."17 It becamea call for
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"young men to slough off their deadening enslavement to the past, to follow
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the God within, and to live every moment of life with a strenuousness that
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rivalled that of the Puritan fathers."18
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The main weakness of this seemingly perfect idea of Transcendentalism
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ist that it had "borrowed from many sources and reconciled few of them."19
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It was never united by a set program. Transcendentalism was comprised of
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the various interests and labors of many different personal concepts.
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Therefore, there were many conflicting values which made it an unsteady
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system to follow.
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At the time of the Transcendentalism movement, "it preached,
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practiced, an idealism that was greatly needed in a rapidly expanding
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economy."20 However, soon people began to find other, more comprehensible
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means of dealing within society. Therefore, they began to turn away from
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Transcendentalism. However, even though Transcendentalism is non-existent
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as a whole today, many of its ideas, values, and morals are still present
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in many of the religions and beliefs of today's society. In conclusion,
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Transcendentalism will always be present in the world, it just will not
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have as obvious a presence.
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