232 lines
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Plaintext
232 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßÛßßßßßÛÛÜ ÜÜßßßßÜÜÜÜ ÜÛÜ ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÜÜÜÜÛßß ßÛÛ
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ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÛ ÜÛÛÛÜÛÛÜÜÜ ßÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÜÜÜÛÛÝ Ûß
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ßßßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ÞÝ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßßÛÜÞÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßßÛÛÛÞß
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Mo.iMP ÜÛÛÜ ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÝ ßÛß
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ß ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ÜÛ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß
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ÜÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÜÜ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÞÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛßß
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ÜÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÛÛÜÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛ ßÛÛÛÛÛ Ü ÛÝÛÛÛÛÛ Ü
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ÜÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ßÛÜ ßÛÛÛÜÜ ÜÜÛÛÛß ÞÛ ÞÛÛÛÝ ÜÜÛÛ
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ÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÜ ßßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÜÜÜß ÛÛÛÛÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÛÛÛÛÛß
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ßÛÜ ÜÛÛÛß ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßßÜÜ ßßÜÛÛßß ßÛÛÜ ßßßÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßß
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ßßßßß ßßÛÛß ßßßßß ßßßßßßßßßßßßß
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ARRoGANT CoURiERS WiTH ESSaYS
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Grade Level: Type of Work Subject/Topic is on:
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[ ]6-8 [ ]Class Notes [Term Paper on Steinbacks]
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[x]9-10 [ ]Cliff Notes ["The Moon is Down" ]
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[ ]11-12 [x]Essay/Report [ ]
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[ ]College [ ]Misc [ ]
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Dizzed: 07/94 # of Words:2175 School:Public Co-Ed State:Ny
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ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>Chop Here>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
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The Effects of War
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War effects everyone involved. The conquerors and those being
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conquered. War is a struggle that is internal and external. Man can be a
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dedicated and loyal soldier for only so much at a time. He then longs for
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laughter, music, girls, a good meal and more. In The Moon is Down, the
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soldiers get the need to return home. They begin to doubt what they are
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doing and if they are being told the truth. They become uneasy when the
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enemy doesn't talk to them. The townspeople's hatred is growing. They
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remained indoors and stared from behind curtains while the patrol walked
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through the town.
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Lieutenant Tonder was a romantic naive poet who felt the enemy should
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love him. Steinbeck presented Tonder as "a bitter poet who dreamed of
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perfect, ideal love of elevated young men for poor girls" (25).
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When Lieutenant Tonder first arrived in town he thought that it was a
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nice country with nice people. Tonder says, "There are some beautiful
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farms here. If four or five of them were thrown together, it would be a
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nice place to settle, I think" (34). The war was not ending as quickly as
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Tonder expected. The townspeople had become the silent enemies of the
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soldiers or the townspeople became silent waiting for revenge. "Now it was
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the conqueror was surrounded, the men of the battalion alone among silent
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enemies, and no man might relax his guard for even a moment" (65). The
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soldiers now have only each other to talk to and Tonder longed to go home.
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"The men of the battalion came to detest the place they had conquered,...
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and gradually a little fear began to grow in the conquerors, a fear that it
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would never be over" (65-66). In war, as time goes on fear begins to
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settle on soldiers. "Thus it came about that the conquerors grew afraid of
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the conquered and their nerves wore thin and they shot at shadows in the
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night" (66-67). Tonder starts to doubt the honesty of his fellow Germans
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Tonder says, "If anything happened- at home, I mean - do you think they
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would let us know...well, I would like to get out of this god-forsaken
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hole!" (70-71). Tonder felt at first that this town had nice, pleasant
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people but as time moved on, he changed his views. "These people! These
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horrible people! These cold people! They never look at you. They never
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speak. They answer like dead men. They obey, these horrible people. And
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the girls are frozen" (71). Tonder who once felt the enemy should love
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him, now fears the enemy. Tonder starts losing control and says, "The
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enemy's everywhere! Every man, every women, even children! The enemy's
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everywhere" (72). Tonder who once wanted to settle in this town now longs
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to go home. Tonder says, "I mean this: we'll be going home before long
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won't we?" (75). Tonder is questioning if the town there are in has been
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conquered. Tonder states, "Conquered and we're surrounded! (77). "Tonder
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already upset loses control and suggests to Joseph that the `leader' is
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crazy, that the war will never end, and hysterically avows that the `flies
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conquer the flypaper'" (Clancy 104). In Tonder's loneliness he visits
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Molly Morden. "Can you understand this - can you believe this? Just for a
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little while, can't we forget this war?... can't we talk together like
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people - together?" (83). Tonder's longings of dying on the battlefield
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come true when Molly kills him with her knitting needles.
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Colonel Lanser is the leader of the invaders. He would execute any
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Nazi order. Colonel Lanser asks the townspeople to be cooperative.
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Charles J. Clancy states, "Annie scalds some soldiers on the rear porch,
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and Lanser excuses her conduct in an effect to get Mayor Orden's
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cooperation" (103). Lanser doesn't understand why all people don't follow
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orders. He as a soldier is expected to carry our and follow orders. His
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life as a Colonel would be simple if everyone followed orders. He hoped in
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his mind that this war would not be like the last war. "Lanser told
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himself he was a soldier, given orders to carry out ... he tried to put
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aside the sick memories of the other war and the certainty that this would
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be the same" (27). The people being invaded will not cooperate and
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therefore Colonel Lanser's job will be difficult. Lanser says, "We must
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get the coal. If your people are not orderly, we will have to restore that
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order by force" (54). Lanser is the only soldier shown as knowing what war
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is really about. Peter Lisca's opinion is "Of them all, only Colonel Lanser
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knew what war really is in the long run... treachery and hatred, the
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middling of incompetent generals, the torture and killing and sickness,
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until at last it is over and nothing has changed except for new weariness
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and new hatreds" (188). Mayor Orden asks Colonel Lanser if he can refuse
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the soldiers living in his house. "I'm sorry," The Colonel said. "No.
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These are the orders of my leader" (20). When asked if Lanser will carry
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out his orders knowing they will fail he replied, "I will carry out my
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orders no matter what they are" (125). Colonel Lanser hopes that the
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mayor's town will listen and act orderly. When asked by the mayor if the
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people don't follow orders Lanser stated, "I hope they will want to because
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they must. We must have the coal. They are an orderly people. They don't
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want trouble" (17) Lanser at the end is hoping the townspeople follow his
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orders. He is going to execute the mayor unless the townspeople follow his
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orders. Colonel Lanser said, "I arrested you as a hostage for the good
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behavior of your people. Those are my orders" (122).
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Mayor Orden is a simple man who believed in the fighting spirit of his
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townspeople. He thought that no sacrifice was too great for freedom.
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Mayor Orden was confused about how to approach the invaders in his house.
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"He laughed softly. `I'm a little afraid', he said apologetically. `Well,
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not afraid, but I'm nervous.' And he said helplessly, `We have never been
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conquered, for a long time-'"(13). He was quite upset when he discovered
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that George Correl, the collaborator (Clancy,103) prepared the town for the
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invasion. Orden says angrily, "You have sat at my table, you have drunk
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port with me. Why, you helped me plan the hospital! This isn't true! I
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do not wish to speak in this gentleman's company" (15). The town elected
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the mayor and it is his job to protect the people from harm. "The strength
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of the conquered people in The Moon is Down is that of the pioneers in the
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Leader of the People" (Lisca 190). The mayor says,"Sir I am of this
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people, and yet I don't know what they will do... but my people have
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elected me. They made me and they can unmake me" (18). Lisca says, "Their
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leader is an expression of the body politics, one who happens to be going
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in the direction the people want to move" (190). Mayor Orden is
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uncomfortable with the idea of the soldiers living in his home. He is
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afraid the townspeople will think he is on their side. Orden says,"Am I
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permitted to refuse this honor?"(19). He refers to this as an honor which
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shows he is very confused. Orden was very upset when he discovers that the
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soldiers expect him to pass a death sentence on Alexander Morden. The
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Mayor says, "I have no right to pass sentence of death... I would be
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breaking the law as much as you" (54). His role of being mayor for so many
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years is now changing because of the invasion. Mayor Orden in talking to
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Alex Morden during his trial tells him that his act of killing a soldier is
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the beginning of the town's expressing their anger. He tells him that he is
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uniting the town in their hatred and anger. Orden says, "You will make the
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people one" (61). Orden is now feeling the pressure that war has brought
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upon him as Mayor of his town. At the beginning of the novel, Mayor Orden
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is concerned about the way he looks for the conquerors and at the end he is
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willing to die for his people. (Lisca 192). Lisca says, "He is made to rise
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from the triviality of the first scene, in which we see him getting the
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hair trimmed from his ears, so he will look neat for the conquerors, to the
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greatness of the last scene in which he is led out to be shot, he calmly
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quotes Socrates last words" (192).
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Molly Morden is very upset because her husband is going to be
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executed. She kept on asking the Mayor if he was going to sentence her
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husband's death. She wouldn't let Mayor Orden touch her to comfort her.
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Molly says,"Please don't touch me" (51). Lieutenant Tonder arrives at
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Molly's house. She offers herself to him for two sausages. Molly says,
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"Do I disgust you, Lieutenant? Maybe I'm trying to. My price is two
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sausages" (86). She is so beside herself with grief and loneliness that
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she unraveled the wool from an old sweater so she can keep busy. She let
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Lieutenant Tonder near her. She even put her hand to his cheek. She told
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him she didn't hate him and that she too was lonely. This is in contrast
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to her attitude toward the Mayor who she wouldn't let touch her. Molly
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says, "The trouble I'm in no one can help me with" (95). Molly hides a
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pair of scissors in her dress which she uses to kill Lieutenant Tonder, who
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trusts Molly (Lisca 196).
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In the novel, The Moon is Down, Steinbeck shows us how war affects
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different people. Lieutenant Tonder started out as a poet who romanticized
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war. He ended up losing control. He felt that instead of being one of the
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conquerors he felt that the townspeople were the conquerors and that he was
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conquered. Colonel Lanser has a dilemma between his role as a colonel and
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as a human being. He only knows how to communicate as a soldier. He is sad
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and repelled because of his position in the interest of order based upon
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senseless violence. According to Richard Astro, "But despite his love for
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this world and the people who inhabit it, Steinbeck orders his novel to
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show beyond all doubt that it is as doomed to eventual extinction as the
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world of Colonel Lanser's overly integrated soldiers in The Moon is Down"
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(20). Mayor Orden started out as a man who was only concerned with the
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triviality of things and he changed by dying for his people. Molly Morden
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loses control when she kills Lieutenant Tonder. War had a different affect
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on everyone.
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Works Cited
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Astro, Richard. "Intimations of a Wasteland." John Steinbeck.
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Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House, 1987. 19-34.
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Clancy, Charles J. "Steinbeck's The Moon is Down (1942)." A
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Study Guide to Steinbeck (Part II). Ed. Tetsumaro Hayashi.
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Metuchen: Scarecrow Press, 1979. 100-11.
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Lisca, Peter. The Wide World of John Steinbeck. New York:
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Gordin Press, 1981.
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Steinbeck, John. The Moon is Down. New York: Penguin Books,
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1942.
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The Effects of War
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Thesis: The damaging effect of war on the conquered and the
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conquerors of The Moon is Down, by John Steinbeck.
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I. Lieutenant Tonder
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A. Naive Poet
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1. He felt that the enemy should love him.
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a. "... he loses control and suggests that the leader is
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crazy, that the war will never end , and hysterically
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avows that the flies conquer the flypaper" (Clancy 104).
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2. He is effected by the reaction of the townspeople.
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a. "These people! These horrible people! These cold
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people! They never look at you. They never speak. They
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answer like dead men. They obey, these horrible people.
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And the girls are frozen." (Steinbeck 71).
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II. Colonel Lanser
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A. Soldier vs. human being
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1. He was effected because all he did was listen to
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orders even though they were'nt the right thing to do.
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a. "I will carry out my orders no matter what
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they are" (Steinbeck 125).
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III. Mayor Orden
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A. He is a simple man who believes in the fighting spirit
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of his townspeople.
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1. He thought that no sacrifice was too great for
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freedom.
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a. "He is made to rise from the triviality of the first
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scene, in which we see him getting his hair trimmed from his
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ears so he will look neat for the conquerer, to the
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greatness of the last scene, in which he is led out to be
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shot, he calmly quotes socrates's last words" (Lisca 192).
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IV. Molly Morden
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A. Her husband Alex was executed.
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1. Unravels the wool from an old sweater and winded
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yarn in a ball to keep heer mind off of her husband's
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death.
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a. laughed with Lt. Tonder and then killed him.
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