106 lines
5.2 KiB
Plaintext
106 lines
5.2 KiB
Plaintext
ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßÛßßßßßÛÛÜ ÜÜßßßßÜÜÜÜ ÜÛÜ ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÜÜÜÜÛßß ßÛÛ
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ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÛ ÜÛÛÛÜÛÛÜÜÜ ßÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÜÜÜÛÛÝ Ûß
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ßßßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ÞÝ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßßÛÜÞÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßßÛÛÛÞß
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Mo.iMP ÜÛÛÜ ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÝ ßÛß
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ß ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ÜÛ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß
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ÜÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÜÜ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÞÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛßß
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ÜÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÛÛÜÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛ ßÛÛÛÛÛ Ü ÛÝÛÛÛÛÛ Ü
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ÜÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ßÛÜ ßÛÛÛÜÜ ÜÜÛÛÛß ÞÛ ÞÛÛÛÝ ÜÜÛÛ
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ÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÜ ßßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÜÜÜß ÛÛÛÛÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÛÛÛÛÛß
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ßÛÜ ÜÛÛÛß ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßßÜÜ ßßÜÛÛßß ßÛÛÜ ßßßÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßß
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ßßßßß ßßÛÛß ßßßßß ßßßßßßßßßßßßß
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ARRoGANT CoURiERS WiTH ESSaYS
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Grade Level: Type of Work Subject/Topic is on:
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[ ]6-8 [ ]Class Notes [Essay on the Empire of ]
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[x]9-10 [ ]Cliff Notes [Mali ]
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[ ]11-12 [x]Essay/Report [ ]
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[ ]College [ ]Misc [ ]
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Dizzed: 08/94 # of Words:718 School:Public State:NY
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ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>Chop Here>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
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The Empire of Mali
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Introduction
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In its peak, the people of Mali occupied land as far west as the
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Atlantic Ocean. They also traveled as far east as Gao, the capital of the
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Songhai, as far south as the Niger bend, and as far north as the Sahara
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desert. They built a great empire between 1240 and 1337 that underwent a
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course of slow decline until the seventeenth century.
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History
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The empire of Mali originated from a small country known as Kangaba.
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Its people where known as the Mandingo (they have also been called the
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Malinke and the Mandinka). After the breakup of Ghana, the Sosso, who had
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caused the breakup, were still in power. Apparently Sundiata, an heir to
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the Mandingo throne raised an army and defeated the Sosso in the battle of
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Kirina.
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Afterward, Sundiata established the empire of Mali. He converted to
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Islam for support of the Muslim peoples. When Mansa Musa came into power,
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in the early 1300s, the empire reached its height. Mansa Musa traveled
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through Cairo on his pilgrimage to Mecca. It is said that he gave away so
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much gold that it dropped in value in Cairo for 12 years.
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Afterward the empire slowly declined, until, in the 1600s it was no
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more than it had been originally when it originated: the small kingdom of
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Kangaba.
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Government
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The government of Mali was a dictatorship. The dictator, who had the
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title of Mansa, was the sole secular and religious leader of his people,
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though not he did not enjoy the same power as Egyptian Pharaohs did. The
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base of government was located in the capital, known as Niani. It was once
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written by a traveler that a person could travel safely without fear of
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harm, and that the people of Mali hated injustice and the Mansa did not
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tolerate injustice at all.
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The military branch of government was constant. There was a standing
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army of professional soldiers, so that Mali was ready for a battle without
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having to raise an army every time.
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Religion
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The religion in Mali was divided between two groups. The merchants,
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traders, and government officials, including the Mansa, were Islam, though,
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apparently, they did not adhere to it very well. Women were allowed freedom
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and even the Mansa still believed in the "spirit of the land." The basic
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peasant farmer believed in a "spirit of the land" to whom he prayed so that
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he would get good crops.
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Economics
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The main currency in Mali was gold dust. This shows the enormous
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wealth of the country. There were many trade routes in Mali. The people who
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traveled these routes were the Dyula. The Dyula consisted of a group of
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Islamic people who followed the "Dyula-mansa," the company chief.
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The Dyula were the main trade between Mali and countries across the
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Sahara. They traded gold for what they needed (this is unclear: they may
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have traded for either salt or copper or both).
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Culture (Roles of men and women)
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Not much is said about the culture. Apparently the religion was the
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culture. The people placed a high standard on justice. People who lived in
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cities were probably scholars, merchants, or government officials. Those
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who did not were either miners or farmers.
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Conclusion
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During its peak, Mali was a great and powerful empire. It occupied a
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great deal of land. It had wealth, power, learning centers, and an
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organized government. It was a great empire that fell only due to bad
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ruling.
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Daniel Chu and Elliot Skinner A Glorious Age in Africa
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Doubleday & Company, Inc. 1965
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Basil Davidson Africa in History Macmillan Publishing Company, 1991
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Basil Davidson Africa History of a Continent Macmillan Company, 1972
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Kevin Shillington History of Africa St. Martin's Press, 1989
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Maragaret Shinnie Ancient African Kingdoms
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Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. 1965
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