216 lines
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216 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßÛßßßßßÛÛÜ ÜÜßßßßÜÜÜÜ ÜÛÜ ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÜÜÜÜÛßß ßÛÛ
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ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÛ ÜÛÛÛÜÛÛÜÜÜ ßÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÜÜÜÛÛÝ Ûß
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ßßßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ÞÝ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßßÛÜÞÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßßÛÛÛÞß
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Mo.iMP ÜÛÛÜ ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÝ ßÛß
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ß ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ÜÛ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß
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ÜÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÜÜ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÞÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛßß
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ÜÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÛÛÜÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛ ßÛÛÛÛÛ Ü ÛÝÛÛÛÛÛ Ü
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ÜÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ßÛÜ ßÛÛÛÜÜ ÜÜÛÛÛß ÞÛ ÞÛÛÛÝ ÜÜÛÛ
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ÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÜ ßßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÜÜÜß ÛÛÛÛÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÛÛÛÛÛß
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ßÛÜ ÜÛÛÛß ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßßÜÜ ßßÜÛÛßß ßÛÛÜ ßßßÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßß
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ßßßßß ßßÛÛß ßßßßß ßßßßßßßßßßßßß
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ARRoGANT CoURiERS WiTH ESSaYS
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Grade Level: Type of Work Subject/Topic is on:
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[ ]6-8 [ ]Class Notes [Essay on Baby Growth ]
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[ ]9-10 [ ]Cliff Notes [& Development ]
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[x]11-12 [x]Essay/Report [ ]
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[ ]College [ ]Misc [ ]
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Dizzed: 11/94 # of Words:1469 School: ? State: ?
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ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>Chop Here>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
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Growth and Development
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Babies grow and develop at a very rapid rate during the first year of
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life. They grow physically, mentally, emotionally and socially. However,
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through this portfolio, I intend to discuss the physical growth and
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development patterns of the infant through their first year.
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To begin with, development refers to the baby's increased skill in
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using various body parts. When dealing with the development of a child
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there are three basic developmental rules.
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First Developmental Rule:
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This rule states that babies develop in the head region first, then
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the trunk, and lastly in the legs and feet. Therefore, it is said that
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babies develop in a head-to-toe direction or cephalocaudally. For example,
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a baby can hold up their head before they can grasp an object with their
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hand. Also, they can feed themself before they can walk. Second
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Developmental Rule:
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The second rule explains that children develop from the midline, or
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centre of the body, outward toward the fingers and toes. This stage or
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rule is the one which affects the development of motor skills. Motor
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skills are the child's ability to control movement. There are two basic
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classifications of motor skills, gross motor skills and fine motor skills.
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Gross motor skills are those which involve the large muscles. Whereas,
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fine motor skills are those involving the smaller muscle groups. For
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example, a child can grasp a big ball in their arms before they can catch a
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baseball in their hands. The fine skills of hands and feet are the last to
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develop. Third Developmental Rule:
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Finally, this rule reveals that, as the brain develops, a child
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responds to more and more sights and sounds in their environment.
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Furthermore, they learn to respond to much finer details.
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The Baby's Body
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In this section, you will find specific break-downs of the baby's body
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parts. I decided to do this to show how the baby grows and develops in
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each area of their body. Also, you will see how these developing body
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parts affect the developing motor skills of the child. The following areas
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will be discussed, their size and weight, the head, brain, eyes, ears, arms
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and hands and finally, the legs and feet and the trunk.
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Size and Weight
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The average baby is 20 inches long at birth, or 50.8cm. However, not
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all babies are born the same length, generally, lengths vary from 18-21.5
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inches or 45.7-54.6 centimetres.
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The average baby weighs 7.5 pounds at birth, or 3.4 kilograms.
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Typically, the range is from 5.75-10 pounds or from 2.6-4.5 kilograms.
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A general rule is that a baby increases in height by 50% and triples
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its birth weight in the first year. Clearly, this is a very rapid growth
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rate, however, the rate of growth slows down considerably after infancy.
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The Head
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The head of a newborn baby is very large compared to the rest of their
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body. For example, compared to the baby's total length of about 20 inches,
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the length of the head measures approximately 5 inches...which equals
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one-fourth of the total length.
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There are four pieces of bone that make up the skull. These pieces
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are flexible. This is so that they can move slightly while the baby is
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being forced down the birth canal. The four skull bones will no join until
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the baby is about 18 months old. The area between the "pieces", at the top
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of the baby's head is called the fontanel, or the "soft spot". The
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flexibility of the skull gives the baby protection form concussion caused
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by bumps or falls. I remember being warned when my little sister was born,
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not to touch her head because of this "soft spot". However, through my
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research, I found out that you cannot hurt a baby by touching the head
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gently. The Brain
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Even though the brain is large at birth, it's development is
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incomplete. The part of the brain controlling posture and balance develops
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rapidly during the baby's first year of life. Eyes
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Babies are able to see at birth. Primarily, they notice movement.
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Also, research shows that newborn babies are best able to see an object
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that is between 5 and 18 inches away. Also, newborns are extremely
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sensitive to bright lights. Therefore, a baby may open his or her eyes in
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a dimly lighted room more comfortably then in a brightly light room. Ears
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Babies have very good hearing. They often startle easily and will cry
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when they hear loud noises. I remember when my little sister was born, she
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liked to have songs sung to her and she would quite down when music
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started. It has been proven that babies must be able to hear in order to
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develop language normally. Arms and Hands
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At birth, a baby has virtually no control of their arms and hands.
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The baby automatically grips objects tightly, for example, a pencil or a
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finger. Most babies are not able to open their hands freely until they
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reach 3 months old.
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Babies first grasp objects in the palm of the hand with a whole-hand
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movement. It takes many months before they can pick up an object with the
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thumb and forefinger. This example proves the third developmental
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rule...gross and fine motor skills. Legs and Feet
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Legs and feet are the most helpless of the baby's body parts. To begin
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with, the legs are drawn up in the prenatal position. Legs also make
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automatic creeping or swimming motions. The legs and feet are the last
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body parts to be controlled by the infant. For example, a baby sits alone
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and grasps objects with his or her hands long before learning to walk.
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Again this is a demonstration of the first rule of development...the baby
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develops in a head-to- toe direction. Trunk
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The main part of the body is called the trunk. The trunk will double
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and redouble in size several times before a baby reaches adulthood. In
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newborns, the control of the trunk must wait until the brain matures.
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After about 3 months, control of the head and spine begins. By 5 months,
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the baby can usually sit up with some help and by 14 months, most babies
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are walking.
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Conclusion
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The entire process of growth and development is called maturation.
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Most of the development and growth described throughout this project
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happens as the baby increases in age. Physical maturation cannot be taught
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to a child. A baby cannot be taught to sit or to stand before muscles
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develop. These skills are relevant only after the baby's muscles have
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matured. Nature has set a general time for each child's muscles to mature,
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making it possible for children to accomplish skills. In a chart, on page
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6, I have summarized skills that are generally accomplished at certain ages
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through a baby's developing months. Also on a chart on page 9, the
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physical components of growth, involving large muscle control, small muscle
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control, seeing, eating, sleeping, and hearing are summarized.
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The First Year
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Growth
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What can a 3-month-old baby do?
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At 3 months, a baby is alert and responding to the world.
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* When put on her tummy, she can hold her chest and head up
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for 10 seconds.
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* She tries to swipe at toys hung over the crib.
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* She turns her head toward an interesting sound or listens to
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voices.
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* Loves to stare at people's faces.
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* She coos and gurgles
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* Height-23.5 inches *Weight-12.5 pounds
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What can a 6-month-old baby do?
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At 6 months, she is developing control over her body.
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* She can sit with support and may sit alone for short periods
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of time.
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* She can roll over
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* She will hold out her arms to be lifted up or reach and grab
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an object.
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* She can hold her own bottle and toys.
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* She laughs out loud, babbles, "calls" for help and screams
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when annoyed.
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* Height-26 inches *Weight-16 pounds
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What can a 9-month-old baby do?
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At 9 months, she is exploring her environment.
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* She can sit unassisted, crawl, pull to a stand and side-step
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along furniture.
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* She can use her fingers to point, poke, and grasp small
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objects.
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* She feeds herself finger foods
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* She knows her name and responds to simple commands
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* She uses "jargon"-babbling a pattern as if she were speaking
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a foreign language.
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* Height-27.5 inches *Weight-19 pounds
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What can a 12-month-old baby do?
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At 1 year, she is striving for independence.
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* She stands and may walk by herself.
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* She climbs up and down stairs and out of the crib or play-
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pen.
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* She prefers using one hand over the other and can drop and
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throw toys.
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* She fears strange people and places.
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* She remembers events, expresses affection, shows emotions,
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uses trial and error to solve a problem.
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* Height-29.5 inches *Weight-22 pounds
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