110 lines
6.5 KiB
Plaintext
110 lines
6.5 KiB
Plaintext
ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜ
|
|
ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßÛßßßßßÛÛÜ ÜÜßßßßÜÜÜÜ ÜÛÜ ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÜÜÜÜÛßß ßÛÛ
|
|
ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÛ ÜÛÛÛÜÛÛÜÜÜ ßÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÜÜÜÛÛÝ Ûß
|
|
ßßßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ÞÝ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßßÛÜÞÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßßÛÛÛÞß
|
|
Mo.iMP ÜÛÛÜ ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÝ ßÛß
|
|
ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛ
|
|
ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ß ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ÜÛ
|
|
ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß
|
|
ÜÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÜÜ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÞÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛßß
|
|
ÜÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÛÛÜÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛ ßÛÛÛÛÛ Ü ÛÝÛÛÛÛÛ Ü
|
|
ÜÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ßÛÜ ßÛÛÛÜÜ ÜÜÛÛÛß ÞÛ ÞÛÛÛÝ ÜÜÛÛ
|
|
ÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÜ ßßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÜÜÜß ÛÛÛÛÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÛÛÛÛÛß
|
|
ßÛÜ ÜÛÛÛß ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßßÜÜ ßßÜÛÛßß ßÛÛÜ ßßßÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßß
|
|
ßßßßß ßßÛÛß ßßßßß ßßßßßßßßßßßßß
|
|
ARRoGANT CoURiERS WiTH ESSaYS
|
|
|
|
Grade Level: Type of Work Subject/Topic is on:
|
|
[ ]6-8 [ ]Class Notes [Report on Sir Rich ]
|
|
[x]9-10 [ ]Cliff Notes [Arkwright ]
|
|
[ ]11-12 [x]Essay/Report [ ]
|
|
[ ]College [ ]Misc [ ]
|
|
|
|
Dizzed: o6/95 # of Words:860 School: ? State: ?
|
|
ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>Chop Here>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
|
|
By Spahn Dirge
|
|
|
|
Sir Rich Arkwright was born on December 23, 1732 at Preston in the
|
|
county of Lancaster. His first profession was a barber in Bolron-le-moors
|
|
in 1760. Soon afterward he traveled throught the country buying human
|
|
hair. At that time he had a valuable chemical secret for dying the hair to
|
|
make wigs out of. Arkwright's hair was commented to be the finest hair in
|
|
the country.
|
|
|
|
In 1761, Richard Arkwright married Margaret Biggins, and this marriage
|
|
brought him to an aquaitance with Thomas Highs. Highs was probably one of
|
|
the most important people Arkwright was to ever meet. He was the inventor
|
|
of the spinning jenny and the water frame. Highs was behind the mechanical
|
|
production of both of these machines, however he could now market his
|
|
product due to lack of funding and ill communication skills. This is where
|
|
Richard Arkwright comes in. Arkwright was highly skilled in dealing with
|
|
business and other social aspects.
|
|
|
|
Arkwright sought to obtain the water frame by less than friendly means.
|
|
He contacted John Kay, a former employee of Highs', to "turn brass" for
|
|
him. This was all part of a clever plot to get Kay to reveal the design of
|
|
Highs' water frame. Eventually, Arkwright succeded and Kay cunstructed a
|
|
replica of the water frame, or otherwise known as throstle.
|
|
|
|
Arkwright showed off the model to several people to seek financial aid.
|
|
He eventually prevailed on Mr. Smalley to fund the project.
|
|
|
|
In April of 1768 he hired Kay and took him along with him to Nottingham
|
|
where he built a factory turned by horses. On July 3, 1769, he obtained a
|
|
patent for "spinning by rollers." By doing this, he solidified his hold
|
|
over the water frame preventing Highs from ever gaining the immense profits
|
|
made by the water frame.
|
|
|
|
In 1771, Arkwright built another factory in Cromford. The power for
|
|
this factory was supplied by a water wheel instead of horses. During this
|
|
time many improvements were made to shorten the process of spinning wool.
|
|
Arkwright kept an eye on these improvements and eventually made a machine
|
|
combining many of them into a series. These "engines," as he called them,
|
|
were enough to take up another pattent on December 16, 1775. Improvements
|
|
specified in the pattent were not invented by Arkwright but were actually
|
|
borrowed from a number of different spinners. The spinners he borrowed the
|
|
improvements continued to use their improvements even after the pattent was
|
|
obtained. In 1781, Arkwright began to take action against these people for
|
|
still using these improvements by suing them for pattent infringement.
|
|
Unlike what would happen today, only one case was tried against Col.
|
|
Mordaunt. Mordaunt's defence was that Arkwright had never specified the
|
|
inventions as required by law, theref making the pattent invalid.
|
|
|
|
Soon after the trial, Arkwright published "The Case." The object of
|
|
"The Case" was to obtain from the Legislature an act of Parliament to
|
|
guarantee Arkwright the pattent-right which had been invalidated by the
|
|
trial in 1781. In "The Case" he attributed the invention of the jenny and
|
|
the water frame to James Hargrave who infact only improved on the water
|
|
frame. He also cleverly omitted Highs' name from the paper, and Hargrave,
|
|
who was dead, could not deny or approve of what was written.
|
|
|
|
For those of you who have been wondering all this time about what the
|
|
water frame exactly is, well, it's not a drenched picture frame. It's
|
|
really an improvement on a spinning machine called the spinning jenny. The
|
|
jenny, however, was only able to spin transverse threads. The jenny's
|
|
inventor, Highs, believed he could produce a machine that could spin cotton
|
|
to a degree of hardness and fineness required for logitudinal threads which
|
|
had been made from foreign linnen yarn. Highs employed Kay to make the
|
|
machine by giving him a model made of wood.
|
|
|
|
The water frame required a great deal of power to operate it, and could
|
|
only be used to the advantage of factories,and only by specific factories
|
|
with an available water source to turn the machine because the steam engine
|
|
had not been invented at this point in time. This is where it got the name
|
|
of water frame. The yarn spun on the water frame is twisted much harder
|
|
than yarn spun on the jenny. Because of this, it is better adapted for
|
|
warps or longitudinal threads.
|
|
|
|
Highs tried to keep the water frame as secret as possible because, as
|
|
was said, it was his favorite invention. He promised himself that he would
|
|
take full advantage of it in the future. The spinning jenny he made
|
|
public, but decided to keep the water frame secret until the time that he
|
|
could raise enough money to have a factory built for it.
|
|
|
|
Richard Arkwright is due some credit, for without him, the water frame
|
|
would probably had a very slow and tedious introduction, or might have
|
|
perished all together. Arkwright died in Cromford in August, 1792 at age
|
|
59. He came from a very low status in live and raised himself to the
|
|
highest dignity in an extensive and influent country. He was universally
|
|
respected and even now is remembered.
|