305 lines
24 KiB
Plaintext
305 lines
24 KiB
Plaintext
PHILIPPINES
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GEOGRAPHY
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Total area: 300,000 km2; land area: 298,170 km2
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Comparative area: slightly larger than Arizona
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Land boundaries: none
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Coastline: 36,289 km
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Maritime claims: (measured from claimed archipelagic baselines);
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Continental shelf: to depth of exploitation;
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Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;
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Territorial sea: irregular polygon extending up to 100 nm from
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coastline as defined by 1898 treaty; since late 1970s has also claimed
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polygonal-shaped area in South China Sea up to 285 nm in breadth
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Disputes: involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly Islands
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with China, Malaysia, Taiwan, and Vietnam; claims Malaysian state of
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Sabah
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Climate: tropical marine; northeast monsoon (November to April);
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southwest monsoon (May to October)
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Terrain: mostly mountains with narrow to extensive coastal lowlands
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Natural resources: timber, crude oil, nickel, cobalt, silver,
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gold, salt, copper
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Land use: arable land 26%; permanent crops 11%; meadows and
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pastures 4%; forest and woodland 40%; other 19%; includes irrigated
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5%
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Environment: astride typhoon belt, usually affected by 15 and
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struck by five to six cyclonic storms per year; subject to landslides,
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active volcanoes, destructive earthquakes, tsunami; deforestation; soil
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erosion; water pollution
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PEOPLE
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Population: 65,758,788 (July 1991), growth rate 2.1% (1991)
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Birth rate: 29 births/1,000 population (1991)
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Death rate: 7 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
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Net migration rate: - 1 migrant/1,000 population (1991)
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Infant mortality rate: 54 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
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Life expectancy at birth: 62 years male, 67 years female (1991)
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Total fertility rate: 3.6 children born/woman (1991)
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Nationality: noun--Filipino(s); adjective--Philippine
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Ethnic divisions: Christian Malay 91.5%, Muslim Malay 4%, Chinese
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1.5%, other 3%
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Religion: Roman Catholic 83%, Protestant 9%, Muslim 5%,
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Buddhist and other 3%
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Language: Pilipino (based on Tagalog) and English; both official
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Literacy: 90% (male 90%, female 90%) age 15 and over can
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read and write (1990 est.)
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Labor force: 24,120,000; agriculture 46%, industry and commerce
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16%, services 18.5%, government 10%, other 9.5% (1989)
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Organized labor: 3,945 registered unions; total membership
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5.7 million (includes 2.8 million members of the National Congress of
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Farmers Organizations)
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GOVERNMENT
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Long-form name: Republic of the Philippines
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Type: republic
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Capital: Manila
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Administrative divisions: 73 provinces and 61 chartered cities*;
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Abra, Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Aklan, Albay, Angeles*, Antique,
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Aurora, Bacolod*, Bago*, Baguio*, Bais*, Basilan, Basilan City*, Bataan,
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Batanes, Batangas, Batangas City*, Benguet, Bohol, Bukidnon, Bulacan,
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Butuan*, Cabanatuan*, Cadiz*, Cagayan, Cagayan de Oro*, Calbayog*,
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Caloocan*, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Camiguin, Canlaon*, Capiz,
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Catanduanes, Cavite, Cavite City*, Cebu, Cebu City*, Cotabato*, Dagupan*,
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Danao*, Dapitan*, Davao City* Davao, Davao del Sur, Davao Oriental,
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Dipolog*, Dumaguete*, Eastern Samar, General Santos*, Gingoog*, Ifugao,
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Iligan*, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Iloilo, Iloilo City*, Iriga*, Isabela,
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Kalinga-Apayao, La Carlota*, Laguna, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur,
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Laoag*, Lapu-Lapu*, La Union, Legaspi*, Leyte, Lipa*, Lucena*,
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Maguindanao, Mandaue*, Manila*, Marawi*, Marinduque, Masbate, Mindoro
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Occidental, Mindoro Oriental, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental,
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Mountain, Naga*, Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, North Cotabato,
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Northern Samar, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Olongapo*, Ormoc*,
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Oroquieta*, Ozamis*, Pagadian*, Palawan, Palayan*, Pampanga, Pangasinan,
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Pasay*, Puerto Princesa*, Quezon, Quezon City*, Quirino, Rizal, Romblon,
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Roxas*, Samar, San Carlos* (in Negros Occidental), San Carlos* (in
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Pangasinan), San Jose*, San Pablo*, Silay*, Siquijor, Sorsogon, South
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Cotabato, Southern Leyte, Sultan Kudarat, Sulu, Surigao*, Surigao del
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Norte, Surigao del Sur, Tacloban*, Tagaytay*, Tagbilaran*, Tangub*,
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Tarlac, Tawitawi, Toledo*, Trece Martires*, Zambales, Zamboanga*,
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Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur
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Independence: 4 July 1946 (from US)
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Constitution: 2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987
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Legal system: based on Spanish and Anglo-American law; accepts
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compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
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National holiday: Independence Day (from Spain), 12 June (1898)
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Executive branch: president, vice president, Cabinet
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Legislative branch: bicameral Congress (Kongreso) consists of
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an upper house or Senate (Senado) and a lower house or House of
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Representatives (Kapulungan Ng Mga Kinatawan)
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Judicial branch: Supreme Court
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Leaders:
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Chief of State and Head of Government--President Corazon C. AQUINO
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(since 25 February 1986); Vice President Salvador H. LAUREL (since
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25 February 1986)
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Political parties and leaders:
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PDP-Laban, Aquilino PIMENTEL;
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Struggle of Philippine Democrats (LDP), Neptali GONZALES;
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Nacionalista Party, Salvador LAUREL, Juan Ponce ENRILE;
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Liberal Party, Jovito SALONGA
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Suffrage: universal at age 15
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Elections:
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President--last held 7 February 1986 (next election to be
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held May 1992); results--Corazon C. AQUINO elected, precipitating the
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fall of the MARCOS regime;
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Senate--last held 11 May 1987 (next to be held May 1992);
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results--pro-Aquino LDP 63%,
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liberal LDP and PDP-Laban (Pimentel wing) 25%,
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opposition Nationalista Party 4%,
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independent 8%;
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seats--(24 total) pro-Aquino LDP 15, liberal
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LDP-Laban (Pimentel wing) 6, opposition Nationalista Party
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1, independent 2;
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House of Representatives--last held on 11 May 1987 (next to be
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held May 1992);
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results--pro-Aquino LDP 73%, liberal LDP and PDP-Laban
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(Pimentel wing) 10%, opposition Nationalista Party 17%;
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seats--(250 total, 180 elected) number of seats by party NA
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Communists: the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) controls
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about 18,000-23,000 full-time insurgents and is not recognized as a legal
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party; a second Communist party, the pro-Soviet Philippine Communist
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Party (PKP), has quasi-legal status
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Member of: APEC, AsDB, ASEAN, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-24, G-77,
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GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT,
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INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NAM (observer), UN,
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UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
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Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Emmanuel PELAEZ; Chancery at
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1617 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington DC 20036; telephone (202)
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483-1414; there are Philippine Consulates General in Agana (Guam),
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Chicago, Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, and
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Seattle;
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US--Ambassador Nicholas PLATT; Embassy at 1201 Roxas Boulevard,
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Manila (mailing address is APO San Francisco 96528); telephone 63 (32)
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211-101 through 3; there is a US Consulate in Cebu
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Flag: two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a white
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equilateral triangle based on the hoist side; in the center of the
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triangle is a yellow sun with eight primary rays (each containing three
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individual rays) and in each corner of the triangle is a small yellow
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five-pointed star
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ECONOMY
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Overview: The economy continues to recover from the political
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turmoil following the ouster of former President Marcos and several coup
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attempts. After two consecutive years of economic contraction (1984 and
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1985), the economy has since 1986 had positive growth, although in 1990
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the economy slowed considerably from 1989. The agricultural sector
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together with forestry and fishing, plays an important role in the
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economy, employing about 45% of the work force and providing almost
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30% of GDP. The Philippines is the world's largest exporter of coconuts
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and coconut products. Manufacturing contributes about 25% of GDP. Major
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industries include food processing, chemicals, and textiles.
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GNP: $45.2 billion, per capita $700; real growth rate 2.5%
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(1990 est.)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices): 12.7% (1990 est.)
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Unemployment rate: 9.3% (1990 est.)
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Budget: $7.2 billion; expenditures $8.12 billion,
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including capital expenditures of $0.97 billion (1989 est.)
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Exports: revenues $8.1 billion (f.o.b., 1990 est.);
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commodities--electrical equipment 19%, textiles 16%, minerals
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and ores 11%, farm products 10%, coconut 10%, chemicals 5%, fish 5%,
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forest products 4%;
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partners--US 36%, EC 19%, Japan 18%, ESCAP 9%, ASEAN 7%
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Imports: $12.1 billion (c.i.f., 1990 est.);
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commodities--raw materials 53%, capital goods 17%, petroleum
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products 17%;
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partners--US 25%, Japan 17%, ESCAP 13%, EC 11%, ASEAN 10%,
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Middle East 10%
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External debt: $28.4 billion (1990)
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Industrial production: growth rate 1.9% (1990 est.); accounts
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for 30-35% of GNP
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Electricity: 6,755,000 kW capacity; 28,000 million kWh produced,
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420 kWh per capita (1990)
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Industries: textiles, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, wood products,
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food processing, electronics assembly, petroleum refining, fishing
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Agriculture: accounts for about one-third of GNP and 45% of labor
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force; major crops--rice, coconut, corn, sugarcane, bananas, pineapple,
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mango; animal products--pork, eggs, beef; net exporter of farm products;
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fish catch of 2 million metric tons annually
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Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis for the international
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drug trade; growers are producing more and better quality cannabis
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despite government eradication efforts
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Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $3.6
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billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
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(1970-88), $6.6 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $5 million;
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Communist countries (1975-89), $123 million
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Currency: Philippine peso (plural--pesos);
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1 Philippine peso (P) = 100 centavos
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Exchange rates: Philippine pesos (P) per US$1--28.055 (January
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1991), 24.311 (1990), 21.737 (1989), 21.095 (1988), 20.568 (1987),
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20.386 (1986), 18.607 (1985)
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Fiscal year: calendar year
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COMMUNICATIONS
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Railroads: 378 km operable on Luzon, 34% government owned (1982)
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Highways: 156,000 km total (1984); 29,000 km paved; 77,000 km
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gravel, crushed-stone, or stabilized-soil surface; 50,000 km unimproved
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earth
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Inland waterways: 3,219 km; limited to shallow-draft (less than
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1.5 m) vessels
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Pipelines: refined products, 357 km
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Ports: Cagayan de Oro, Cebu, Davao, Guimaras, Iloilo, Legaspi,
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Manila, Subic Bay
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Merchant marine: 569 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 8,429,829
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GRT/15,171,692 DWT; includes 1 passenger, 9 short-sea passenger,
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17 passenger-cargo, 163 cargo, 18 refrigerated cargo, 24 vehicle carrier,
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8 livestock carrier, 10 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 8 container, 41
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petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 chemical tanker, 7
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liquefied gas, 3 combination ore/oil, 252 bulk, 7 combination bulk;
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note--many Philippine flag ships are foreign owned and are on the
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register for the purpose of long-term bare-boat charter back to their
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original owners who are principally in Japan and Germany
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Civil air: 53 major transport aircraft
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Airports: 280 total, 235 usable; 71 with permanent-surface runways;
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none with runways over 3,659 m; 9 with runways 2,440-3,659 m;
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50 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
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Telecommunications: good international radio and submarine cable
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services; domestic and interisland service adequate; 872,900 telephones;
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stations--267 AM (including 6 US), 55 FM, 33 TV (including 4 US);
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submarine cables extended to Hong Kong, Guam, Singapore, Taiwan, and
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Japan; satellite earth stations--1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT, 2 Pacific Ocean
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INTELSAT, and 11 domestic
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DEFENSE FORCES
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Branches: Army, Navy (including Coast Guard), Marine Corps, Air
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Force, Constabulary
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Manpower availability: males 15-49, 16,254,775; 11,491,155 fit for
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military service; 715,462 reach military age (20) annually
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Defense expenditures: $1.1 billion, 2% of GNP (1990)
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