246 lines
20 KiB
Plaintext
246 lines
20 KiB
Plaintext
CAMBODIA
|
||
GEOGRAPHY
|
||
Total area: 181,040 km2; land area: 176,520 km2
|
||
Comparative area: slightly smaller than Oklahoma
|
||
|
||
Land boundaries: 2,572 km total; Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km,
|
||
Vietnam 1,228 km
|
||
|
||
Coastline: 443 km
|
||
|
||
Maritime claims:
|
||
|
||
Contiguous zone: 24 nm;
|
||
|
||
Continental shelf: 200 nm;
|
||
|
||
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;
|
||
|
||
Territorial sea: 12 nm
|
||
|
||
Disputes: offshore islands and three sections of the
|
||
boundary with Vietnam are in dispute; maritime boundary with Vietnam
|
||
not defined; occupied by Vietnam on 25 December 1978
|
||
|
||
Climate: tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to October); dry
|
||
season (December to March); little seasonal temperature variation
|
||
|
||
Terrain: mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north
|
||
|
||
Natural resources: timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese,
|
||
phosphates, hydropower potential
|
||
|
||
Land use: arable land 16%; permanent crops 1%; meadows and pastures
|
||
3%; forest and woodland 76%; other 4%; includes irrigated 1%
|
||
|
||
Environment: a land of paddies and forests dominated by Mekong
|
||
River and Tonle Sap
|
||
|
||
Note: buffer between Thailand and Vietnam
|
||
|
||
PEOPLE
|
||
Population: 7,146,386 (July 1991), growth rate 2.2% (1991)
|
||
|
||
Birth rate: 38 births/1,000 population (1991)
|
||
|
||
Death rate: 16 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
|
||
|
||
Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
|
||
|
||
Infant mortality rate: 125 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
|
||
|
||
Life expectancy at birth: 48 years male, 51 years female (1991)
|
||
|
||
Total fertility rate: 4.5 children born/woman (1991)
|
||
|
||
Nationality: noun--Cambodian(s); adjective--Cambodian
|
||
|
||
Ethnic divisions: Khmer 90%, Chinese 5%, other 5%
|
||
|
||
Religion: Theravada Buddhism 95%, other 5%
|
||
|
||
Language: Khmer (official), French
|
||
Literacy: 35% (male 48%, female 22%) age 15 and over can
|
||
read and write (1990 est.)
|
||
|
||
Labor force: 2.5-3.0 million; agriculture 80% (1988 est.)
|
||
|
||
Organized labor: Kampuchea Federation of Trade Unions (FSC); under
|
||
government control
|
||
|
||
GOVERNMENT
|
||
Long-form name: none
|
||
|
||
Type: disputed between the National Government of Cambodia (NGC)
|
||
led by Prince NORODOM SIHANOUK, and the State of Cambodia (SOC) led by
|
||
HENG SAMRIN
|
||
|
||
Capital: Phnom Penh
|
||
|
||
Administrative divisions: NGC--18 provinces (khet, singular and
|
||
plural) and 1 capital city* (rottatheanei);
|
||
Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang,
|
||
Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong,
|
||
Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Phnum Penh*, Pouthisat, Preah
|
||
Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanokiri, Siemreab-Otdar
|
||
Meanchey, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev; note--the SOC adds
|
||
a province of Banteay Meanchey and an autonomous municipality of
|
||
Kampong Saom to the NGC administrative structure
|
||
|
||
Independence: 9 November 1953 (from France)
|
||
|
||
Constitution: SOC--27 June 1981
|
||
|
||
National holidays: NGC--Independence Day, 17 April (1975);
|
||
SOC--Liberation Day, 7 January (1979)
|
||
|
||
Executive branch: NGC--president, prime minister; SOC--chairman
|
||
of the Council of State, Council of State, chairman of the Council of
|
||
Ministers, Council of Ministers
|
||
|
||
Legislative branch: NGC--none; SOC--unicameral National Assembly
|
||
|
||
Judicial branch: NGC--none; SOC--Supreme People's Court
|
||
|
||
Leaders:
|
||
|
||
Chief of State--NGC--President Prince NORODOM SIHANOUK
|
||
(since NA July 1982); SOC--Chairman of the Council of State HENG
|
||
SAMRIN (since 27 June 1981)
|
||
|
||
Head of Government--NGC--Prime Minister SON SANN (since NA July
|
||
1982);
|
||
SOC--Chairman of the Council of Ministers HUN SEN (since 14 January 1985)
|
||
|
||
Political parties and leaders: NGC--three resistance groups
|
||
including:
|
||
Democratic Kampuchea (DK, also known as the Khmer Rouge) under KHIEU
|
||
SAMPHAN;
|
||
Khmer People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF) under SON SANN;
|
||
and National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and
|
||
Cooperative Cambodia (FUNCINPEC) under Prince NORODOM RANNARIDH;
|
||
SOC--Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party (KPRP) led by HENG SAMRIN
|
||
|
||
Suffrage: NGC--none; SOC--universal at age 18
|
||
|
||
Elections:
|
||
|
||
NGC--none;
|
||
|
||
SOC--National Assembly--last held 1 May 1981; in February 1986 the
|
||
Assembly voted to extend its term for five years; results--KPRP is the
|
||
only party;
|
||
seats--(123 total) KPRP 123
|
||
|
||
Member of: AsDB, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA,
|
||
ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, ITU, LORCS, NAM, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU,
|
||
WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO
|
||
|
||
Diplomatic representation: none
|
||
|
||
Flag:
|
||
NGC--three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue
|
||
with a white stylized three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat
|
||
centered on the red band;
|
||
|
||
SOC--two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and blue with a gold
|
||
stylized five-towered temple representing Angkor Wat in the center
|
||
|
||
ECONOMY
|
||
Overview: Cambodia is a desperately poor country whose economic
|
||
development has been stymied by deadly political infighting. The
|
||
economy is based on agriculture and related industries. Over the
|
||
past decade Cambodia has been slowly recovering from its near destruction
|
||
by war and political upheaval. It still remains, however, one of the
|
||
world's poorest countries, with an estimated per capita GDP of about
|
||
$130. The food situation is precarious; during the 1980s famine has
|
||
been averted only through international relief. In 1986 the production
|
||
level of rice, the staple food crop, was able to meet only 80% of
|
||
domestic needs. The biggest success of the nation's recovery program has
|
||
been in new rubber plantings and in fishing. Industry, other than rice
|
||
processing, is almost nonexistent. Foreign trade is primarily with the
|
||
USSR and Vietnam. Statistical data on the economy continues to be sparse
|
||
and unreliable. Foreign aid from the USSR and Eastern Europe almost
|
||
certainly is being slashed.
|
||
|
||
GDP: $890 million, per capita $130; real growth rate 0% (1989 est.)
|
||
|
||
Unemployment rate: NA%
|
||
|
||
Budget: revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital
|
||
expenditures of $NA
|
||
|
||
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 50% (first half 1990)
|
||
|
||
Exports: $32 million (f.o.b., 1988);
|
||
|
||
commodities--natural rubber, rice, pepper, wood;
|
||
|
||
partners--Vietnam, USSR, Eastern Europe, Japan, India
|
||
|
||
Imports: $147 million (c.i.f., 1988);
|
||
commodities--international food aid; fuels, consumer goods,
|
||
machinery;
|
||
|
||
partners--Vietnam, USSR, Eastern Europe, Japan, India
|
||
|
||
External debt: $600 million (1989)
|
||
|
||
Industrial production: growth rate NA%
|
||
|
||
Electricity: 126,000 kW capacity; 150 million kWh produced,
|
||
20 kWh per capita (1990)
|
||
|
||
Industries: rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber,
|
||
cement, gem mining
|
||
|
||
Agriculture: mainly subsistence farming except for rubber
|
||
plantations; main crops--rice, rubber, corn; food shortages--rice, meat,
|
||
vegetables, dairy products, sugar, flour
|
||
|
||
Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $719
|
||
million; Western (non-US) countries (1970-88), $285 million; Communist
|
||
countries (1970-89), $1,800 million
|
||
|
||
Currency: riel (plural--riels); 1 riel (CR) = 100 sen
|
||
|
||
Exchange rates: riels (CR) per US$1--560 (November 1990), 159.00
|
||
(1988), 100.00 (1987), 30.00 (1986), 7.00 (1985)
|
||
|
||
Fiscal year: calendar year
|
||
|
||
COMMUNICATIONS
|
||
Railroads: 612 km 1.000-meter gauge, government owned
|
||
|
||
Highways: 13,351 km total; 2,622 km bituminous; 7,105 km crushed
|
||
stone, gravel, or improved earth; 3,624 km unimproved earth; some roads
|
||
in disrepair
|
||
|
||
Inland waterways: 3,700 km navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6
|
||
meters; 282 km navigable to craft drawing 1.8 meters
|
||
|
||
Ports: Kampong Saom, Phnom Penh
|
||
|
||
Airports: 22 total, 9 usable; 6 with permanent-surface runways;
|
||
none with runways over 3,659 m; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m;
|
||
4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
|
||
|
||
Telecommunications: service barely adequate for government
|
||
requirements and virtually nonexistent for general public; international
|
||
service limited to Vietnam and other adjacent countries; stations--1 AM,
|
||
no FM, 1 TV
|
||
|
||
DEFENSE FORCES
|
||
Branches: SOC--Cambodian People's Armed Forces (CPAF); Communist
|
||
resistance forces--National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (Khmer Rouge);
|
||
non-Communist resistance forces--Armee National Kampuchea Independent
|
||
(ANKI) which is sometimes anglicized as National Army of Independent
|
||
Cambodia (NAIC) and Khmer People's National Liberation Armed Forces
|
||
(KPNLAF)
|
||
|
||
Manpower availability: males 15-49, 1,869,880; 1,030,356 fit for
|
||
military service; 57,288 reach military age (18) annually
|
||
|
||
Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP
|
||
|
||
|