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PART I
Recommendations Q.310 to Q.331
SPECIFICATIONS OF SIGNALLING SYSTEM R1
SIGNALLING SYSTEM R1
INTRODUCTION
PRINCIPLES OF SIGNALLING SYSTEM R1
General
~~~~~~~
The development of new exchanges, especially those utilizing stored
programme control , has introduced new concepts in the division of functions
between various components of signalling and switching systems. To allow the
maximum freedom in incorporating new concepts which can contribute to the
overall economy and efficiency of the system, the requirements as covered in
this specification are for the combination of equipments necessary to provide
a function. For example, the requirements for line signal receiving equipment
as given here may be met by various subdivisions of functions between signal
receiver, trunk relay sets and stored programme control.
System R1 may be applied for automatic and semi-automatic operation of
one-way and both-way circuits, within an international region (world numbering
zone). When utilized in an integrated world numbering zone (e.g. Zone 1) the
numbering and routing plans and operating facilities of that zone should
apply.
The system is applicable to all types of circuits (except TASI derived
circuits) meeting CCITT transmission standards, including satellite circuits.
The signalling equipment used in System R1 consists of two parts:
a) line signalling for line or supervisory signals;
and
b) register signalling for address signals.
A) Line signalling
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1) 2600 Hz signalling
Continuous tone type in-band line-signalling is used for the link-by-
link transmission of all supervisory signals except the ring-forward
(forward-transfer) signal which is a spurt signal. A single frequency,
2600 Hz, is used in each direction of the 4-wire transmission path, the
presence or absence of this frequency indicates a specific signal
dependent upon when it occurs in the signalling sequence and in certain
cases upon its duration. When the circuit is idle, a low level
signalling tone is continuously present in both directions.
2) PCM signalling
The 2600 Hz line signalling described in 1) is not normally applied to
the speech paths of circuits working on PCM systems unless the PCM
channels are connected in cascade with analogue channels to form a
circuit. The signalling on PCM systems in the North American region is
channel associated, in-slot, providing two signalling channels per
speech channel, and utilizing bit stealing of the eighth bit of each
channel every sixth frame.
B) Register signalling
See in Fascicle VI.2, Recommendation Q.151, Note to S 3.1.1 for an
explanation of these terms. Link-by-link multifrequency (MF) in-band pulse
signalling is used... (Register signalling can be made compatible with TASI
by providing a TASI locking tone.) ...for the transmission of address
information. The signalling frequencies are 700 Hz to 1700 Hz, in 200 Hz
steps, and combinations of two, and two only, determine the signal. The
address information is preceded by a KP signal (start-of-pulsing) and
terminated by an ST signal (end-of-pulsing). Either en bloc , or en bloc
overlap , or overlap sending may apply. This register signalling
arrangement is used extensively with other in-band and out-band line
signalling systems.
Compandors may affect signalling, particularly short pulse compound
register signals, due to pulse length distortion and the production of
intermodulation frequencies. By virtue of the link-by-link signalling and
the adopted duration of register and line signal pulses, System R1
functions correctly in the presence of compandors designed in accordance
with CCITT recommendations.
SECTION 1
DEFINITION AND FUNCTION OF SIGNALS
____________________
Recommendation Q.310
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1. DEFINITION AND FUNCTION OF SIGNALS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* 1.1 : Connect (seizing) signal (sent in the forward direction)
This line signal is transmitted at the beginning of a call to initiate
circuit operation at the incoming end of the circuit to busy the circuit and
to seize equipment for switching the call.
[ In this part the North American designation for line
[ signals is used. The designation of the signal in System
[ No. 5 which most nearly corresponds to a particular North
[ American signal is shown in parentheses. There is not
[ always exact correspondence in function, e.g. the ring-
[ forward signal can only be effective when a connection has
[ been established through an incoming operator.
* 1.2 : Delay-dialling signal (sent in the backward direction)
This line signal is transmitted by the incoming exchange following the
recognition of the connect (seizing) signal to verify receipt of the connect
(seizing) signal and to indicate that the incoming register equipment is not
yet attached or ready to receive address signals.
* 1.3 : Start-dialling (proceed-to-send) signal (sent in the backward
direction)
This line signal is sent from the incoming exchange subsequent to the
sending of a delay-dialling signal to indicate that the incoming register
equipment has been connected and is ready to receive address signals.
* 1.4 : KP (start-of-pulsing) signal (sent in the forward direction)
This register signal is sent subsequent to the recognition of a
start-dialling signal and is used to prepare the incoming multifrequency
register for the receipt of subsequent interregister signals.
* 1.5 : Address signal (sent in the forward direction)
This register signal is sent to indicate one decimal element of information
(digit 1, 2, . | | , 9 or 0) about the called party's number. For each call
a succession of address signals is sent.
* 1.6 : ST (end-of-pulsing) signal (sent in the forward direction)
This register signal is sent to indicate that there are no more address
signals to follow. The signal is always sent in semi-automatic as well as
automatic working.
[ Notes on the answer and hang-up (clear-back) signals. -
[ See corresponding notes in Recommendation Q.120, S 1.8,
[ Volume VI-2 of the Green Book .
* 1.7 : Answer signal (sent in the backward direction)
This line signal is sent to the outgoing exchange to indicate that the
called party has answered.
In semi-automatic working, the signal has a supervisory function.
In automatic working, it is used:
o to start metering the charge to the calling subscriber;
o to start the measurement of call duration for international accounting
purposes, if this is desired.
* 1.8 : hang-up (clear-back) signal (sent in the backward direction)
This line signal is sent to the outgoing exchange to indicate that the
called party has cleared. In the semi-automatic service it performs a
supervisory function.
In automatic working, arrangements are made to clear the connection, stop
the charging, and stop the measurement of call duration if within 10 to 120
seconds after recognition of the hang-up signal, the calling subscriber has
not cleared. Clearing of the connection should preferably be controlled from
the point where the charging is carried out.
* 1.9 : ring-forward (forward-transfer) signal (sent in the forward
direction)
This line signal is initiated by an operator to recall an operator at a
point further ahead in the connection.
* 1.10 : disconnect (clear-forward) signal (sent in the forward direction)
This line signal is sent in the forward direction at the end of a call
when:
a) in semi-automatic working, the operator at the outgoing exchange
withdraws the plug from the jack, or when an equivalent operation is
performed;
[ See Recommendation Q.27 for the actions to be taken to
[ assure that answer signals, both national and
[ international, are transmitted as quickly as possible. In
[ word numbering Zone 1, 13 to 32 seconds is used.
b) in automatic working, the calling party hangs up, or when the time-out
period of 10 to 120 seconds as discussed in S 1.8 above occurs.
* 1.11 : Diagrams showing signal sequence
Typical sequences of signals in semi-automatic and automatic working are
shown in Annex A to these Specifications of Signalling System R1.
SECTION 2
LINE SIGNALLING
____________________
Recommendation Q.311
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* 2.1 : 2600 Hz LINE SIGNALLING
The line-signal coding arrangement is based on the application and removal
of a single frequency tone (2600 Hz) as shown in Table 1/Q.311.
Table [1/Q.311], p.
By taking advantage of the fixed order of occurrence of specific signals,
both tone-on and tone-off signals are used to indicate more than one signal
condition. For example, in the backward direction tone-on is used to indicate
start-dialling (proceed-to-send), and terminating end hang-up (clear-back)
signals without conflict. The equipment must retain memory of the preceding
signal states and the direction of signals in order to differentiate between
tone-on and tone-off signals.
____________________
Recommendation Q.312
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* 2.2 : 2600 Hz LINE SIGNAL SENDER (TRANSMITTER)
2.2.1 Signal frequency
~~~~~
2600 _ 5 Hz.
2.2.2 Transmitted signal level of tone-on signals
~~~~~
-8 _ 1 dBm0 for the duration of the signal or for a minimum of 300 ms
(whichever is shorter) and for a maximum of 550 ms after which the level of
the signal shall be reduced to -20 _ 1 dBm0.
2.2.3 Transmitted signal durations
~~~~~
The transmitted signal durations are shown in Table 1/Q.311.
2.2.4 Signal frequency leak
~~~~~
The level of signal frequency leak power transmitted to the line should not
exceed -70 dBm0, during the tone-off condition.
2.2.5 Extraneous frequency components
~~~~~
The total power of extraneous frequency components accompanying a tone
signal should be at least 35 dB below the fundamental signal power.
2.2.6 Transmitting line split
~~~~~
The following splitting arrangements are required when transmitting line
signals to prevent incorrect operation of the receiving equipment due to
transients caused by the opening or closing of direct current circuits in the
exchange at the transmitting end:
a) when a tone-on signal is to be transmitted, the speech path from the
exchange shall be split (disconnected), if not already split, within an
interval from 20 ms before, to 5 ms after
[ See also Recommendation Q.112. The 5 ms may be relaxed to
[ 15 ms if tone is applied tone is applied to the line, and
[ remain split for a minimum of 350 ms and a maximum of 750
[ ms;
b) when a tone-off signal is to be transmitted, the speech path from the
exchange shall be split (disconnected), if not already split, within an
interval from 20 ms before to 5 ms after tone is removed from the line,
and remain split for a minimum of 75 ms and a maximum of 160 ms after
the tone is removed;
c) when the signalling equipment is receiving and sending tones
simultaneously the split shall be maintained until:
i) the transmitted tone is terminated, in which case the split must be
removed in the interval from 75 to 160 ms after tone is removed [as
in b) ]; or
ii) the incoming tone ceases, in which case the split must be removed in
the interval from 350 to 750 ms after tone ceases;
d) when the signalling equipment is sending tone, a split shall be
introduced, if not already split, within 250 ms of receipt of an
incoming tone.
The above requirements given in a) , b) , c) and d) establish a
transmitting path split at both ends of the circuit during the idle condition.
____________________
Recommendation Q.313
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* 2.3 : 2600 Hz LINE SIGNAL RECEIVING EQUIPMENT
2.3.1 Operate limits (tone-on signals)
~~~~~
The receiving equipment shall operate on a received tone signal, in the
presence of the maximum noise expected on an international circuit, -40 dBm0
uniform spectral energy over the range of 300 to 3400 Hz, that meets the
conditions listed below:
a) 2600 _ 15 Hz;
b) to ensure proper operation in the presence of noise, the signal level of
the initial portion of each tone-on signal shall be augmented by 12 dB
(see S 2.2.2).
[ while tone is being received. See also Recommendation
[ Q.112.
As a result, the following requirement reflects both the augmented and
steady-state signal levels. The absolute power level N of each signal
is within the limits (-27 + n N -1 + n ) dBm where n is the relative
power level at the input to the receiving equipment. The minimum
absolute power level N = (-27 + n ) gives a margin of 7 dB on the
steady-state nominal absolute power level of the received signal at the
input to the receiving equipment. With augmentation the effective
margin is increased from 7 to 19 dB.
The maximum absolute power level N = (-1 + n ) gives a margin of 7 dB on
the augmented nominal absolute power level of the received signal at the
input to the receiving equipment.
The above tolerances are to allow for variations at the sending end and
variations in line transmission.
Note - Since higher steady noise as well as impulsive noise may be encountered
on intra-regional circuits especially over certain compandored carrier
systems, the maximum expected noise within a region must be taken into
account in the design of equipment for that region.
2.3.2 Non-operate limits
~~~~~
1) The receiving equipment shall neither operate on signals originating
from subscriber stations (or other sources) if the total power in the
band from 800 Hz to 2450 Hz equals or exceeds the total power present at
the same time in the band from 2450 Hz to 2750 Hz, as measured at the
station, nor degrade these signals. Allowances shall be made in the
receiving equipment design to accomodate expected deviations from these
values due to attenuation distortion and carrier frequency shift on the
total transmission path between the station and the receiving equipment.
2) The receiving equipment shall not operate on any tone or signal whose
absolute power level at the point of connection of the receiving
equipment is (-17 -20 + n ) dBm or less, n being the relative power
level at this point.
2.3.3 Recognition of signals
~~~~~
1) System R1 must be protected against false signal recognition caused by:
a) signal simulation of tone-on or tone-off signals by speech or other
signals;
b) signal simulation of tone-off signals by momentary interruptions of
the transmission path.
The method of providing this protection is left to each Administration
concerned to allow for maximum flexibility in the implementation of the
signalling and switching system design. However, the overall system
requirements given in 2) and 3) below shall be met.
2) The following requirements for signal recognition are specified in terms
of signal duration at the input to the signal receiving equipment and
further assumes that signal levels, frequency and accompanying noise are
within the limits specified in S 2.3.1:
a) A tone-on signal lasting 30 ms or less must be rejected; that is, it
must not be recognized as a signal.
b) A tone-off signal lasting 40 ms or less must be rejected if the
previous tone-on signal is 350 ms or longer; that is, it must not be
recognized as a signal.
c) Subsequent to establishing the cross office path, a tone-on
ring-forward (forward-transfer) spurt signal lasting between 65 and
135 ms must be recognized as a valid signal.
d) A tone-on forward signal lasting 300 ms or longer must be recognized
as a valid disconnect (clear-forward) signal. Prior to attaching a
register, a forward tone-on signal lasting 30 ms or longer may be
recognized as a valid disconnect (clear-forward) signal.
e) To protect against a momentary interruption in the transmission
facility causing a continuous succession of false connect (seizing)
and disconnect (clear-forward) signals, the incoming equipment should
be arranged to delay responding to the second of two closely spaced
connect (seizing) signals. The timed delay introduced should be
started at the end of initial con- nect (seizing) signal or on
recognition of the disconnect (clear-forward) signal. The delay
introduced should be a function of the round trip signalling time.
For satellite circuits the recommended time is 1300 _ 100 ms. For
terrestrial circuits the recommended time is 500 _ 100 ms. If the
second connect (seizing) signal persists beyond this timed interval,
the signal should be considered valid and a delay dialling signal
returned.
f) Other tone-on and tone-off signals should be recognized as valid
signals, subsequent to the minimum limits imposed by a) and b) above,
as soon as possible.
Note - Delays introduced by line signalling equipment should be held to a
minimum consistent with the requirements covered herein to minimize
signal transfer times. Minimizing the delay is especially important in
the case of the answer signal and in the case of satellite circuit
operation. In this latter case, if a hang-up (clear-back) signal has
not been sent prior to recognition of a disconnect (clear-forward)
signal, it is necessary that the idle tone-on signal, sent by the
incoming exchange in response to the disconnect signal, be recognized
by the outgoing exchange prior to the elapse of the guard timing
specified in Recommendation Q.317, S 2.7.1.
3) The following signal simulation rates shall not be exceeded.
In the case when no answer signal is transmitted (non-charged calls),
the simulation rates specified in SS 3 a) and 3 b) may, in some existing
designs, be somewhat in excess of the values quoted.
a) On the average not more than one false recognition of a disconnect
(clear-forward) signal shall occur per 1500 call hours of speech, at
the minimum disconnect recognition time, as selected according to S
2.3.3, 2) c) and d) . (In some older designs, this requirement may
not be met, but for these cases the call hours figure must not be
less than 500 call hours.)
b) On the average, not more than one false ring-forward
(forward-transfer) signal shall occur per 70 call hours of speech, at
the minimum ring-forward recognition time.
c) Speech or other electrical signals as audible-tone signals, with
levels up to +10 dBm0 shall not cause any false simulation of answer
signals.
d) The number and characteristics of false splits of the speech path
caused by speech or other signals shall not cause a noticeable
reduction in the transmission quality of the circuit.
2.3.4 Receiving line split
~~~~~
To prevent line signals of the signalling system from causing disturbances
to signalling systems on subsequent circuits, the receiving transmission path
to the connected exchange should be split when the signal frequency is
received to ensure that no portion of any signal exceeding 20 ms duration may
pass out of the circuit. The use of a band-stop filter for splitting is
necessary since in the case of non-charged calls a continuous signal tone
persists in the return transmission path during conversation. The level of
signal leak current transmitted to the subsequent circuit with the band-stop
filter inserted should be at least 35 dB below the received signal level. In
addition, the band-stop filter must not introduce more than 5 dB loss at
frequencies 200 Hz or more above or below the midband frequency nor more than
0.5 dB loss at frequencies 400 Hz or more above or below the midband
frequency.
The receiving line split must be maintained for the duration of the
incoming tone signal, but must cease within 300 ms of tone removal.
Note - In some existing designs, the initial cut may be a physical line
disconnection but the filter must be inserted within 100 ms of tone
reception.
____________________
Recommendation Q.314
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* 2.4 : PCM LINE SIGNALLING
Individual channel line signalling is provided in the format of the CCITT
primary multiplex operating at 1544 kbit/s (Recommendation G.733). Designated
signalling bits are marked 0 or 1 corresponding to tone-on, tone-off in the
single frequency in-band arrangement as shown in Table 1/Q.311. As in the
in-band system, the same signalling state is used to indicate more than one
signal by taking advantage of the fixed order of occurrence of specific
signals. The equipment must retain memory of the preceding signal states and
the direction of signals in order to differentiate between like state 0 and
state 1 signals.
____________________
Recommendation Q.315
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* 2.5 : PCM LINE SIGNAL SENDER (TRANSMITTER)
2.5.1 Signalling format
~~~~~
The primary multiplex format is shown in Figure 1/Q.315. Per channel,
in-slot signalling is accomplished by utilizing bit No. 8 in each time slot
of the designated frames (6, 12, etc.) for signalling purposes. Bit No. 8 of
each time slot in the intervening frames (1-5, 7-11, etc.) is used for
encoding speech. Two signalling channels per speech channel are provided in
the format. The multiframe alignment required for signalling purposes is
obtained by subdividing the 8 kbit/s framing pulse stream into two 4 kbit/s
streams, one for terminal framing and one for signalling framing (S-bits).
The relationship of the framing and multiframing signals to the signalling
bits is given in Table 2/Q.315. Since only one line signalling channel is
required for System R1, the same signalling information is sent over both
signalling channels A and B.
2.5.2 Transmitted signal duration
~~~~~
The transmitted signal durations are given in Table 1/Q.311 of
Recommendation Q.311.
2.5.3 Transmitting line split
~~~~~
Since signalling is out-band, no transmitting line split is required.
FIGURE 1/Q.315 p.2
Tableau [2/Q.315] p.3
____________________
Recommendation Q.316
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* 2.6 : PCM LINE SIGNAL RECEIVER
2.6.1 Recognition of signals
~~~~~
System R1 must be protected against false signal recognition caused by
signal simulation due to momentary loss of synchronization of the PCM system.
The method of providing this protection is left to each Administration
concerned to allow for maximum flexibility in the implementation of the
signalling and switching system design. However, the overall system
requirements given below must be met.
a) A state 0 signal lasting 30 ms or less must be rejected; that is, it
must not be recognized as a signal.
b) A state 1 signal lasting 40 ms or less must be rejected if the previous
state 0 signal is 350 ms or longer; that is, it must not be recognized
as a signal.
c) Subsequent to establishing the speech path, a state 0 ring-forward
(forward-transfer) signal lasting 65-135 ms must be recognized as a
valid signal.
d) A state 0 forward signal lasting 300 ms or longer must be recognized as
a valid disconnect (clear-forward) signal. Prior to attaching a
register, a forward state 0 signal lasting 30 ms or longer may be
recognized as a valid disconnect (clear-forward) signal.
e) To protect against a momentary fault causing a continuous succession of
false connect (seizing) and disconnect (clear-forward) signals, the
incoming equipment should be arranged to delay responding to the second
of two closely spaced connect (seizing) signals. The time delay
introduced should be started at the end of the initial connect (seizing)
signal or on recognition of the disconnect (clear-forward) signal. The
delay introduced should be a function of the round trip signalling time.
For satellite circuits the recommended time is 1300 _ 100 ms. For
terrestrial circuits the recommended time is 500 _ 100 ms. If the
second connect (seizing) signal persists beyond this timed interval, the
signal should be considered valid and a delay dialling signal returned.
f) Other state 0 and state 1 signals should be recognized as valid signals
subsequent to the minimum limits imposed by a) and b) above, as soon as
possible.
Note - Delays introduced by line signalling equipment should be held to a
minimum consistent with the requirements covered herein to minimize
signal transfer times. Minimizing the delay is especially important in
the case of the answer signal and in the case of satellite circuit
operation. In this latter case, if a hang-up (clear-back) signal has
not been sent prior to recognition of a disconnect (clear-forward)
signal, it is necessary that the idle state 0 signal, sent by the
incoming exchange in response to the disconnect signal, be recognized
by the outgoing exchange prior to the elapse of the guard timing
specified in Recommendation Q.317, S 2.7.1.
2.6.2 Receiving line split
~~~~~
Since signalling is out-band, no receiving line split is required.
2.6.3 Action on receipt of an alarm
~~~~~
When the PCM primary multiplex has detected a fault and given an alarm (see
Recommendation G.733, S 3.2) appropriate action shall be taken to remove
automatically the affected circuits from service, and to terminate calls in
progress, i.e. stop charging, release interconnected circuits, etc. When the
alarm has been cleared the affected circuits should be automatically restored
to service.
____________________
Recommendation Q.317
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* 2.7 : FURTHER SPECIFICATION CLAUSES RELATIVE TO LINE SIGNALLING
2.7.1 Access to the outgoing circuits shall be denied (guarded) for 750 to
~~~~~ 1250 ms (1050 ms to 1250 ms for satellite circuits) after initiation of
the disconnect (clear-forward) signal to ensure sufficient time for the
release of the equipment at the incoming exchange. [See also the Note to S
2.3.3, 2) of Recommendation Q.313 and to S 2.6.1 of Recommendation Q.316.]
2.7.2 The disconnect (clear-forward) signal may be sent at any time in the
~~~~~ call sequence.
2.7.3 The release of the chain of circuits in an established connection is
~~~~~ only initiated from the originating exchange or the charge-recording
exchange.
2.7.4 The start of metering the charge should be delayed by an appropriate
~~~~~ time after recording of the answer signal to prevent false charging
resulting from possible false recognition of an invalid answer signal.
____________________
Recommendation Q.318
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* 2.8 : DOUBLE SEIZING WITH BOTH-WAY OPERATION
2.8.1 General
~~~~~
To minimize the probability of double seizing, the circuit selection at the
two ends of both-way circuit groups should be such that, as far as possible,
double seizing can occur only when a single circuit of the group remains free
(e.g. by selection of circuits in opposite order at the two ends of the
circuit group).
2.8.2 Unguarded interval
~~~~~
In general the unguarded interval is small, except in the case of satellite
operation where the circuit propagation time is long However, System R1 does
provide a means of detecting double seizing.
2.8.3 Detection of double seizing
~~~~~
In the event of double seizing, the incoming connect (seizing) signal is
recognized at each end as a delay-dialling signal. If a start-dialling
(proceed-to-send) signal is not received within the time-out interval (e.g. 5
seconds) double seizing is assumed.
In this event, either of the following arrangements may apply:
a) an automatic repeat attempt to set up the call; or
b) a recorder indication is given to the operator or to the calling
subscriber and no automatic repeat attempt is made.
With either method, means must be provided to ensure positive release of
the double seized circuit. To achieve the release it is recommended that the
office which first assumes (based on timing) that dual seizure has occurred
transmits a tone-on (0 state) signal followed by a tone-off (1 state) signal
before the final tone-on (0 state) signal (disconnect) is sent. The duration
of initial tone-on (0 state) signal should be a minimum of 100 ms and a
maximum of 200 ms. The tone-off (1 state) signal should be recognized as an
unexpected tone-off (1 state) signal at the distant end, after which the
action specified in S 3.6.2, 1) c) of Recommendation Q.325 applies.
____________________
Recommendation Q.319
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* 2.9 : SPEED OF SWITCHING IN INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGES
2.9.1 It is recommended that the equipment in international exchanges shall
~~~~~ have a high switching speed so that the switching time may be as short
as possible.
2.9.2 At the outgoing, transit and incoming international exchanges, the
~~~~~ seizing of the circuit and the setting up of the connection should take
place as soon as possible after receipt of the digits of the address that are
necessary to determine the routing.
2.9.3 At international exchanges the delay-dialling signal should be returned
~~~~~ as soon as possible after recognition of the connect (seizing) signal.
The start-dialling (proceed-to-send) sig- nal should be returned as soon as
possible but in any case, the return should be before the time-out of the
outgoing register. [See S 3.6.2, 1) a) and b) of Recommendation Q.325.]
SECTION 3
REGISTER SIGNALLING
____________________
Recommendation Q.320
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* 3.1 : SIGNAL CODE FOR REGISTER SIGNALLING
3.1.1 General
~~~~~
1) Either semi-automatic working (with automatic machine or direct operator
access), or automatic working (with automatic machine access) may be
used for outgoing traffic. With automatic machine access the incoming
address signals are stored in a register until sufficient address
information is received to route the call properly, at which time a free
circuit may be selected and a connect (seizing) line signal sent.
Subsequent to the recognition of a delay-dialling line signal and a
start-dialling (proceed-to-send) line signal a KP (start-of-pulsing)
signal followed by the address and ST (end-of-pulsing) signals are
transmitted. The KP signal, which is nominally 100 ms in duration,
prepares the receiving equipment to accept subsequent register signals.
The transmission of the KP signal should be delayed by a minimum of 140
ms, but not more than 300 ms, after recognition of the start-dialling
line signal.
2) Link-by-link register signalling applies.
[ As used in this Section the term register includes
[ traditional registers in electromechanical exchanges and
[ also the equivalent receiving device, memory and logic in
[ stored program exchanges.
3) Register signalling is in a forward direction only and shall be in
accordance with the two-out-of-six multifrequency code shown in Table
3/Q.320. Three of the 15 possible codes are unused in international
service and are available for special purposes.
4) The receiving equipment must furnish a two-and-two only frequency check
on each received signal to ensure its validity.
3.1.2 Sending sequence of register signals
~~~~~
1) The sending sequence of address signals conforms to the sequence
indicated in Recommendation Q.107. However, for traffic within an
integrated world numbering zone (e.g. Zone 1) the language or
discriminating digit and country codes may have no application and may
not be sent. In Zone 1, the sequence of signals sent from the operator
or subscriber is as follows:
a) Semi-automatic working for calls to a subscriber within Zone 1:
i) KP;
ii) national (significant) number of the called subscriber;
iii) ST.
b) Semi-automatic working for calls to operators within Zone 1:
i) KP;
ii) special decimal numbers;
iii) ST.
c) Automatic working for calls to a subscriber within Zone 1:
i) national (significant) number of the called subscriber.
2) The sending sequence of register signals shall conform to Table 3/Q.320,
noting the following:
[ The special numbers used to reach operators are by
[ agreement between Administrations.
a) a KP (start-of-pulsing) signal shall precede the sequence of signals
in all cases;
b) the ST (end-of-pulsing) signal shall follow the sequence of signals
in all cases.
TABLE [3/Q.320], p.
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Recommendation Q.321
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* 3.2 : END-OF-PULSING CONDITIONS - REGISTER ARRANGEMENTS CONCERNING ST
SIGNAL
3.2.1 The register signalling arrangements shall provide for the sending of an
~~~~~ ST signal for both semi-automatic and automatic operation; the
arrangements in the outgoing international register for recognizing the ST
(end-of-pulsing) signal condition may vary as follows:
a) Semi-automatic operation
The ST condition is determined by the receipt of the end-of-pulsing
signal initiated by the operator.
b) Automatic operation
i) Where the ST condition is determined by the originating national
network, an ST signal is transmitted to the outgoing international
register. No further arrangements are necessary in that register for
this purpose.
ii) Where the ST condition is not received from the originating national
network, the outgoing international register will be required to
determine the ST condition. (See for example the requirements for
System No. 5, Recommendation Q.152, Green Book .)
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Recommendation Q.322
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* 3.3 : MULTIFREQUENCY SIGNAL SENDER
3.3.1 Signalling frequencies 700, 900, 1100, 1300, 1500 and 1700 Hz. A signal
~~~~~ shall consist of a combination of any two of these six frequencies. The
frequency variation shall not exceed _ | .5% of each nominal frequency.
3.3.2 Transmitted signal level -7 _ 1 dBm0 per frequency. The difference in
~~~~~ transmitted level between the two frequencies comprising a signal shall
not exceed 0.5 dB.
3.3.3 Signal frequency leak and modulation products level of the signal leak
~~~~~ current transmitted to the line should be at least:
a) 50 dB below the single frequency level when a multifrequency signal
is not being transmitted;
b) 30 dB below the transmitted signal level of either of the two
frequencies when a multifrequency signal is being transmitted. The
modulation products of a signal shall be at least 30 dB below the
transmitted level of either of the two frequencies comprising the
signal.
3.3.4 Signal durations
~~~~~
KP signal: 100 _ 10 ms.
All other signals: 68 _ 7 ms.
Interval between all signals: 68 _ 7 ms.
3.3.5 Compound signal tolerance
~~~~~
The interval of time between the moments when the two frequencies
comprising a signal are sent must not exceed 1 ms. The interval of time
between the moments when the two frequencies cease must not exceed 1 ms.
____________________
Recommendation Q.323
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* 3.4 : MULTIFREQUENCY SIGNAL RECEIVING EQUIPMENT
3.4.1 Operate limits
~~~~~
The signal receiving equipment must operate satisfactorily on any
combination of two of the frequencies received as a single pulse or train of
pulses in the presence of maximum expected noise on an international circuit,
-40 dBm0 uniform spectral energy over the range of 300 to 3400 Hz, that meets
the conditions listed below:
a) each frequency of the received signal is within _ | .5% of the nominal
signalling frequency;
b) the absolute power level N of each received frequency is within the
limits
(-14 + n N + 0 + n ) dBm
where n is the relative power level at the signal receiver input.
Assuming a nominal circuit loss of 0 dB these limits give a margin of _
| dB on the nominal absolute level of each received signal. Considering
that a single equipment may serve circuits whose designed loss (nominal
loss) is greater than 0 dB (e.g., circuits that are not equipped with
echo suppressors) account must be taken of the highest circuit loss in
the design of the receiving equipment (e.g., by increasing must-operate
sensitivity) to ensure that the minimum margin is 7 dB;
c) the difference in level between the frequencies comprising a received
signal is less than 6 dB;
d) the signal receiving equipment must accept signals meeting the following
conditions:
i) signals within the limits specified in a) , b) , and c) | bove in the
presence of maximum expected noise and subject to the maximum
expected delay distortion;
ii) the duration of each frequency comprising a signal is 30 ms or
greater; and
iii) the silent interval preceding the signal is 20 ms or greater.
The tolerances given in a) , b) , and c) | re to allow for variations at
the sending end and in line transmission.
The test values indicated in d) | re less than the working values. The
difference between the test value and the working values will allow for
pulse distortion, variations in registration devices, etc.
Note - Since higher steady noise as well as impulsive noise may be encountered
on intraregional circuits, especially over certain compandored carrier
systems, the maximum expected noise within a region must be taken into
account in the design of equipment for that region.
3.4.2 Non-operate limits
~~~~~
1) The receiving equipment shall not operate on any signal whose absolute
power level at the point of the receiving equipment is 9 dB or more
below the must-operate sensitivity required to satisfy the conditions
established in S 3.4.1 b) .
2) The receiving equipment shall release when the signal level falls 1 dB
below the level established in S 1) above.
3) Operation of the receiving equipment shall be delayed for a minimum
period necessary to guard against false operation due to spurious
signals generated internally on reception of any signal.
4) The receiving equipment should not operate on a pulse signal of 10 ms or
less. This signal may be of a single frequency or two frequencies
received simultaneously. Likewise, after operation the equipment shall
ignore short interruptions of the signal frequencies.
3.4.3 Input impedance
~~~~~
The value of the input impedance should be such that the return loss over a
frequency range of 500 to 2700 Hz against a 600-ohm non-inductive resistor in
series with a two-microfarad capacitor is greater than 27 dB.
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Recommendation Q.324
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* 3.5 : ANALYSIS OF ADDRESS INFORMATION FOR RO/UTING
In the application of System R1 to intraregional networks, the routing plan
of that network shall apply. The routing plan is such that analysis is
limited to a maximum of six digits.
Note - An ISC processing an incoming call on a circuit using System R1, if
encountering a barred routing or unallocated number condition, should
preferably send the special information tone toward the originating
subscriber.
____________________
Recommendation Q.325
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* 3.6 : RELEASE OF REGISTERS
3.6.1 Normal release conditions
~~~~~
1) An outgoing register shall be released when it has transmitted the ST
signal.
2) An incoming register shall be released on the forward transmission of
the ST signal to the next exchange, or when all pertinent information
has been transferred to an outgoing register.
3.6.2 Abnormal release conditions
~~~~~
1) An outgoing register shall release in any of the following situations:
a) on failure to recognize a delay-dialling signal within 5 seconds of
circuit seizure unless a longer interval is preferred for particular
traffic conditions;
b) on failure to recognize a start-dialling (proceed-to-send) signal
within 5 seconds of recognition of the delay-dialling signal unless a
longer interval is preferred for particular traffic conditions;
c) on recognition of an unexpected tone-off (0 state) line signal
subsequent to the recognition of a start-dialling (proceed-to-send)
signal, but prior to completion of outpulsing. This signal sequence
will occur in the event of double seizing and therefore a repeat
attempt may be invoked and as a result the register may not be
released prior to completion of the second attempt. (See
Recommendation Q.318.);
d) on exceeding overall register timing of 240 seconds.
2) An incoming register shall release in any of the following situations:
a) on failure to receive the KP signal within 10 to 20 seconds of
register seizure;
b) on failure to receive the 1st through 3rd digits within 10 to 20
seconds of receipt of the KP signal;
c) on failure to receive the 4th through 6th digits within 10 to 20
seconds of the registration of the 3rd digit;
d) on failure to receive the remaining digits and ST signal within 10 to
20 seconds of registration of the 6th digit;
e) on error detection such as receipt of one or more than two
frequencies in a pulse;
f) on failure to gain access to associated switching equipment within
appropriate intervals of time.
The timing intervals given in 1) and 2) above are representative values but
need not necessarily apply to all types of switching systems or all traffic
loads.
An abnormal release of an outgoing register on failure to receive a
delay-dialling signal as discussed in 1) a) above, shall result in the circuit
being locked out which maintains the tone-off (1 state) condition toward the
distant end. The maintenance personnel should be alerted.
Abnormal releases should result in the return of an audible re-order
(congestion) tone toward the originating end. If this condition (re-order)
persists for more than 1 to 2 minutes, maintenance personnel should be
alerted.
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Recommendation Q.326
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* 3.7 : SWITCHING TO THE SPEECH POSITION
At all exchanges, the circuit shall be switched to the speech position when
the registers (incoming or outgoing) are released.
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