261 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
261 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
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Telephone Terminolgy
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Written by Elric of Imrryr
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Lunatic Labs UnLimited
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A & A BUREAU: Abuse & Annoyance Bureau. The personal in this line of
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work spend their time helping customers get rid of nuts, obscene callers,
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harassing collectors, etc.
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ACCESS: The existence of paths within a network from an input terminal
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to a set of output terminals in the absence of traffic is indicated by the
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term, ACCESS. Full access permits
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connecting to all output terminals by unique paths; multiple access indicates
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that all output terminals can be reached in more than one way; partial access
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refers to the ability to reach only a fraction of the output terminals
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ACCESSIBILITY--(availability): The number of trunks of the required route
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in a switching network which can be reached from an inlet.
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ADAPTOR: A device designed to switch a number of voice-frequency
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telephone channels coming from a non-time-division switching system to a
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time-division multiplex highway.
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ALIASING: The occurrence of spurious frequencies in the output of a
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PCM system that were not present in the input, due to foldover of higher
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frequencies.
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ALTERNATE ROUTING: A procedure by which several routes involve different
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switching stages or networks. Usually the route having the fewest switching
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stages is tested first.
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ANALOG TRANSMISSION: The transmission of continuously variable signals
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rather than descretely variable signals. Prior to the use of digital encoding
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and PCM, it was the only way of
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transmitting voice signals over telephone channels
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ASYNCHRONOUS SYSTEM: A system in which the transmission of each
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information character is individually synchronized usually by the use of
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start and stop elements.
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AUTOVON: AUTOmatic VOice Network
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AVERAGE HOLDING TIME: The average duration of a call expressed in seconds
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or minutes.
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BIT: The smallest binary unit of information. A contraction of the word
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binary digit.
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BIT RATE: The rate or speed at which bits are transmitted. Bits per
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second is a common measure.
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BLOCKING (CONGESTION): A condition where the immediate establishment of a
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new connection is impossible due to the lack of available paths, or the
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inability to interconnect two idle network terminals because some of the
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applicable links between them are used for other connections.
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BORSCHT: An acronym for the functions that must be performed in the
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CO when digital voice transmission occurs: Battery, Overvoltage, Ringing,
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Supervision, Coding, Hybrid, and Test
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Business Office Supervisor (BOS):The boss of the service representatives
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BROADBAND EXCHANGE (BEX): Public switched communication system featuring
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full duplex (FDX) connections of various bandwidths. A Western Union facility.
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BUSINESS SERVICE INSTRUCTOR (BSI): A traffic employee who will come out
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and teach you how to use your phone system.
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BUSY HOUR: An uninterrupted period of 60 minutes in which the total
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traffic of a sample is maximum.
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BYTE: A unit of information in electronic computer terminology
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consisting of 8 bits, referred to as extended binary coded decimal
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information of an EBCDIC code.
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CALL CONGESTION RATIO: The ratio of the time during which congestion exists
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to the total time considered. It is an estimate of the probability that an
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external observer will find a system in
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a congested condition.
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CALLING RATE: Average calls per subscriber per hour.
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CALL STORE: The memory section of a stored program control switching system
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in which temporary information used in the processing of calls through the
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exchange is contained. It is also referred to as the Process Store.
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CELL: In cellular mobile telephony, the geographic area served by one
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transmitter. Subscribers may move from cell to cell.
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CENTRAL OFFICE: Exchanges where subscriber lines and PBX lines
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terminate. There they are switched to provided the "desired" connection with
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other subscribers. Such an exchange is called an end office and is designated
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as a Class 5 office in the U.S.
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CENTRAL OFFICE SWITCH: (CO SW) This term is used to describe a connection
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point which gives access to the DDD network.
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CENTRAL PROCESSOR: The main computer element of a stored program
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control switching system, which under the direction of the stored program
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establishes switching network
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connections and also monitors and analyzes the system to insure proper
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operation. Routine process testing, maintenance and administrative funtions
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are also carried out.
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CENTREX: A PBX system in which the switching equipment is located
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centrally and away from the location being served. Direct inward dialing
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(DID) and direct outward dialing (DOD)
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as well as automatic number identification (ANI) are provided by
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such a system.
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CHANNEL: An electronic commications path, usually of 4,000 Hz (voice) bandwidth.
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COMMON BATTERY: A system of supplying direct current for the telephone set
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from the central office.
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CONCENTRATORS: Equipment used to connect a large number of path, for
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example:
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ANSWERING SERVICE CONCENTRATORS: Equipment provided in local central
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offices which, together with identifying equipment at the answering
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service location makes it possible to answer a large number of
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customer lines on a few pairs
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CROSSBAR SWITCH:An electromechanical switching machine utilizing a relay
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mechanism with horizontal and vertical input lines (usually 10 by 20), using
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a contact matrix to connect any vertical to any horizontal.
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CROSSPOINT: The element that actually performs the switching
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functions in a telephone system. May be mechanical using metal contacts, or
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solid-state using integrated circuits.
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CUSTOMER:The person, firm, or corporation which orders service and is
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reponsible for the payment of charges and compliance with Telephone Company
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regulations.
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CUSTOMER-PROVIDED EQUIPMENT (CPE): This includes any equipment provided by
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the customer and connecting to the Telephone Company facilities. This
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equipment may be customer-provided and maintained (CPM) or customer-provided
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and telephone maintained (CPT).
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CUT-OFF FREQUENCY: The frequency above or below which signals are blocked by a
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circuit or network.
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DATA SET: Telephone company term for a modem.
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DIAL PULSING: A system of dc pulsing in which the digits are transmitted by
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the interruption of the dc circuit a number of times, one to ten
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interruptions corresponding
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DIAL TONE:A tone used in dial telephone systems to indicate that the equipment
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is ready for the dialing operation. This tone is 600Hz modulated by 120Hz when
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supplied by a tone alternator of 133Hz when supplied by an interrupter. The
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modulating frequency gives this tone its low-pitched sound. Interrupted low
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tone is used for line busy reorder, and no ciruit tone signals reached by the
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customer
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DIRECT DISTANCE DIAL (DDD) NETWORK: All Bell and Independent Telephone
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Company equipment and facilities used to permit customers to dial their own
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long distance (toll) calls.
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DTMF: Dual-Tone-Multi-Frequency; Use of two simultaneous voice-bandsb tones
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for dialing.
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ESS: Electronic Switching System; A telephone switching machine using
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electronics, often combined with electromechanical crosspoints, and
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usually with a stored-program computer
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as the control element.
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EXCHANGE AREA: The territory within which telephone service is provided
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without extra charge. Also calling Local Calling Area or just Exchange.
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JUMPER: Two wires (a pair) twisted together and used on the frame to
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connect equipment and cables which provide customer service.
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LINE: Any type of circuit terminated in a telephone or equivalent at one end
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and a switching machine at the other end.
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LINESIDE: Refers to the portion of the central office that connects to
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the local loop.
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LOADED CABLE: Cable designed with LOAD POTS at designated intervals to
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balence tranmission characteristics of the voice frequencies, 300 to 3200 Hz.
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LOAD POTS (LOAD COILS): Load Poits are indutance coils arranged at designed
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intervals to balence transmission characteristics of the voice frequen-
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cies 300 to 3200Hz.
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LOCAL CHANNEL: The local Channel is the cable, or the outside wire, used to
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connect the serving CO to the customer location
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LOCAL LOOP:The voice-band channel connecting the subscriber to the
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central office
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LOSS: The decrease in energy, expressed in dB, between two points in a
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circuit.
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MESSAGE TELEPHONE SERVICE (MTS): The official name for long distance or
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toll service.
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NON-LOADED CABLE (NL): Cable without LOAD POTS to balence the transmission
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characteri
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OFF-HOOK: The condition that indicates the active state of a
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customer telephone circuit. The opposite condition is On-Hook.
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On-Hook: The condition that indicates the idle state (loop open) of
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a station line on other circuit.
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PABX or PBX: A private (automatic) branch telephone exchange system
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providing telephone switching in an office or building.
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PADS: A resistance network of value needed to introduce a specific
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transmission loss.
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Protector: A device used to prevent damage to lines or equipment by
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dangerously high voltages or currents. The device may be a sparkgap, varistor,
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thermistor, etc. The device usually has a very high resistance to ground until
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the presence of an abnormal voltage or current causes the resistance to
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decrease. The device will then conduct and eliminate thhe dangerous condition.
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PULSE CODE MODULATION: (PCM) A communication system technique of
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coding signals with binary codes to carry informations.
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RADIO COMMON CARRIER: (RCC) A company that provides mobile telephone service,
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but is not a telephone company.
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Repeat Coil: Two or more windings, each magnetically coupled to all other
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windings.
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Used for impedance matching facilities and equipment, simplexing and
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isolation. In signaling equipment repeat coils are used to pass VF(ac) while
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blocking dc.
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Repeater: An electronic device used on long circuits to amplify voice
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signals and/or repeat supervision, (D.C.) signals. (One of those often seen
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on telepone poles.
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RING: The alerting signal to the subscriber or terminal equipment; the
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name for one conductor of a wire pair, designated by R.
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Station (STA): Denotes transmitting and/or receiving equipment at any
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location on a customer's premises.
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SUBSCRIBER LINE INTERFACE CIRCUIT: (SLIC) In digital transmission of voice
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, the circuit which performs some or all of the interface functions at the
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central office. See BORSCHT.
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TIE PAIRS: TIE PAIRS are terminations on a frame block which will
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provide connections between frames. These connections are a wire path from
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one piece of equipment to another. Their only purpose is to tie equipment that
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is not located on the same frame or floor together. TIE PAIRS function as an
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extension cord.
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TOLL CALL: Any call for a destination outside of the local service
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area of the calling station.
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TRUNK CABLE: Trunk Cable, sometimes called Exchange Cable, is used to
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connect one central office to another. Trunk Cable is inventoried in the
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Facility System therefore the assignments are on the Circuit Layout
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Record (CLR).
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