182 lines
8.5 KiB
Plaintext
182 lines
8.5 KiB
Plaintext
From: James Marchand <marchand@UX1.CSO.UIUC.EDU>
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Subject: Germanic kinship
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A Truncated and Annotated Bibliography on Germanic Kinship
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Aron, Albert W. Traces of Matriarchy in Germanic Hero-Lore. U. Wisc. Studies
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ln Lang. & Lit., 9. Madison: UWP, 1920. An excellent study of the MB,
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seriously marred by the idea that a MB system must reflect matriarchy. Based
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mostly on Dargun and Bachofen.
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Bachofen, J. J. Antiquarische Briefe. 2 vols. Strassburg: Tuebner, 1880-86.
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Still the best work on MB in IE languages. Repr. in his collected works.
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Bell, Clair Hayden. The Sister's Son in the Medieval German Epic. U. Cal.
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Publications in Modern Philology, 10.2 Berkeley UCP, 1922. Pp. 67-182.
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Excellent, but limited.
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Benveniste, Emile. Le vocabulaire des institutions indo- europeennes. Vol. 1.
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Paris: Minuit, 1969. See the secticn "parente", 203-276. Flawed by ignorance
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of modern anthropology and blindness to MB.
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Bjerke, Robert. A Contrastive Study of Old German and Old Norwegian Kinship
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Terms. Indiana University Publ. in Anthropology and Linguistics, Memoir 22.
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Bloomington: IUP, 1969. A Wisconsin dissertation, seriously flawed by
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ignorance of previous work, e.g. Maurer, Amlra, Delbrueck, Buck, Vinogradoff,
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even Aron's above-mentioned work, published by his own university.
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Nevertheless, a careful study of certain law-books.
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Bremmer, Jan. "Avunculate and Fosterage." Journal of Indo- European Studies,
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4 (1976), 65-78. Interesting remarks on the ONorse problem, though not at all
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careful in his reading of the evidence.
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Bremmer, Rolf H., Jr. "The Importance of Kinship: Uncle and Nephew in
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'Beowulf'," Amsterdamer Beitraege zur aelteren Germanistlk, 15 (1980), 21-38.
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Best study of this problem, but weak in kinship theory.
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Buck, Carl D. A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal IE
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Languages. Chicago: UCP, 1949. A useful compilation, based mostly on
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Schrader.
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Buehler, Th. "Fosterage." Schweizerisches Archiv f. Volkskunde, 60 (1964),
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1-17. A good survey of the problem, but untrustworthy. Better is M.
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Pappenheim, Ueber kuenstliche Verwandtschaft im germ. Recht," Zs. d. Savigny-
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Stiftung, 29 (1908), 304 ff., which I do not have at hand right now.
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Bullough, D. A. "Early Medieval Social Groupings: The Terminology of
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Kinship,'' Past & Present, 45 (1969), 3-18. Excellent general remarks, e.g.
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on the importance of differentiating between inheritance rules and kinship.
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Campbell, C. D. "The Names of Relationship in English." Diss. Strassburg,
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1905. Excellent on OE.
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Dargun, Lothar. Mutterrecht und Raubehe. Breslau: Wilhelm Koebner, 1883.
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Still useful as a collection of material.
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Delbrueck, Berthold. Die indogerm. Verwandtachaftsnamen. Abhandlungen der
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Phil.-Hist. Klasse der K. saechs. Ges. d. Wiss., 11.5. Leipzig: Hirzel, 1889.
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The standard work.
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Disciplina clericalis, by Petrus Alfonsus. PL 157.677 f. An amusing tale
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which shows the pervasiveness of the avunculate. A poor poet praises his MB,
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as does the mule, whose MB is a noble warhorse.
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Farnsworth, W. O. Uncle and Nephew in the OFr. Chanson de Geste: A Study in
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the Survival of Matriarchy. Columbia U. Studies in Romance Philology &
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Literature. NY: CUP, 1913. Also useful for general information on the
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avunculate.
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Friedrich, Paul. "Proto-IE Kinship." Ethnologica, 15 (1966), 1-36. The first
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to note that the IE system was of the Omaha type. Unfortunately ignored.
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Ghurye, G. S. Family and Kin in IE Culture. Bombay: Popular Book Depot, 1955.
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Rpt. 1961. Often cited, but not very useful.
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Gummere, F. B. "The Sister's Son in the English and Scottish Popular
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Ballads." An English Miscellany presented to Dr. Furnivall. Ed. Ker, Napier &
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Skeat. Oxford: OUP, 1901. Pp. 133-49. Shows the existence of the avunculate
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in later times, including remarks on Scandinavian ballad.
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KHL. Articles on Skyldskap, Aegteskab, Aett.
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Levi-Strauss, Claude. Structural Anthropology. NY: Basic Books, 1963. Chapter
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II is still the best statement of the problems of the avunculate from an
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anthropological point of view.
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Lancaster, Lorraine. "Kinship in Anglo-Saxon Society," The British Journal of
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Sociology, 9 (1957), 230-250; 359-377. With a very useful chart.
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Lounsbury, F. G. "A Formal Account of the Crow-and-Omaha-Type Kinship
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Terminology," in Explorations in Cultural Anthropology. Ed. Ward H.
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Goodenough. NY: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 351-93. Like Levi-Strauss's, a
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typical-"structural" account.
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McLaughlin, M.M. "Survivors and Surrogates: Children & parents from the 9th
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to the 13th C.," History of Childhood, ed. Lloyd de Mausse, 101-82. Many
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trenchant remarks on surrogate kinship.
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Merrill, Robert T. "Notes on Icelandic Kinship Terminology." American
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Anthropologist, 66 (1964), 867-72. Based on modern dictionaries; has an
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interesting chart with ego as the propositus.
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Murdock, George P. Social Structure. NY: MacMillan, 1949. Still the classic.
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Nitze, W. A. "The Sister's Son and the Conte del Graal." MPh, 9 (1912),
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291-323. Useful material, but seems not to have read Wolfram's Parzival.
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Phillpotts, Bertha. Kindred and Clan. Cambridge: CUP, 1913. The classical,
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but not too careful, treatment of the sib.
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Radcliffe-Brown, A. R. Structure and Function in Primitive Society. 1952;
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rpt. NY: MacMillan, 1965. His chapters on the "Mother's Brother in South
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Africa" and "On Joking Relationships" should be read by all who wish to
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understand the avunculate.
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Schrader, O. Reallexikon d. idg. Altertumskunde. 2d. ed. Ed. A. Nehring. 2
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vols. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1917-23. See, e.g. "Familie, Ehe, Sippe, Stamm,"
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along with the various relations, e.g. "Oheim, Neffe, Mutterrecht,
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Neffenrecht."
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Schusky, Ernest L. Manual for Kinship Analysis. NY: Holt, Rinehart and
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Winston, 1965. An excellent introduction to modern methods in kinship
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analysis.
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*E. Gasparini, Il matriarcato slavo (Florence: Sansoni, 1973), 291: "If it
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had been left to the Slavs to recite the Faternoster according to their
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spirit, they would not have invoked the Our Father, but an "Our uncle (MB)
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who is in heaven."
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** J. R. R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, pt. 3: The Return of the King
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(1955; rpt. NY: Random House, 1965), 433: Frealaf, son of Hild, Helm's
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sister, becomes king of Rohirrim (i.e. Helm's sister's son). 437: Eomer is
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fostered by Theoden, his MB.
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1. Havamal, 141, Bellows' Translation:
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Nine mighty songs I got from the son
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Of Bolthorn, Bestla's father;
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And a drink I got of the goodly mead
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Poured out from Othroerir.
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II. Farnsworth, p. 21: "As will be seen, the tendency is to minimize the
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intimacy between father and son, while exalting that between uncle and
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nephew; in the latter case the closest solidarity is almost invariably the
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rule ..."
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III. Tacitus, Germania, chapter 20, Loeb: "Sisters' children mean as much to
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their uncle (avunculus, actually 'mother's brother') as to their father: some
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tribes regard this blood-tie as even closer and more sacred than that between
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son and father, and in taking hostages make it the basis of their demand, as
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though they thus secure loyalty more surely and have a wider hold on the
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family."
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IV. Waltharius, 846 ff., my translation: "The sixth was Patavrid, whom the
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sister of Hagen had brought into the world. When his mother's brother saw him
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ready for the attack, he sought to hold him back with pleas and cries: 'Where
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are you rushing so headlong? just look how death is smiling at you. Desist!
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Your fates are spinning their last thread. Oh, dear son of my sister, your
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eagerness deceives you. Give it up! You cannot equal Walther in strength.'
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Patavrid persists. 'You maelstrom of the world, ever hungry for possessions;
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you maw of avarice, root of all evil ...' 'Oh, dear nephew, what shall I tell
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your mother?' ... And he gave forth with a loud "Farewell, my pretty one,
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accompanied with sobs."
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V. Gripisspa, 6, Bellows' translation:
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Sigurth spake: "To me, if thou knowest, my mother's brother,
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Say what life will Sigurth's be."
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VI. P ls saga, 1.9 (Vigfusson and Powell, 1.504): "Bishop Thor-lac, Paul's
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mother's brother, held him in great esteem and loved him much, and often
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asked him to his house. But though some other chlefs were adverse or
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refractory to bishop Thor-lac, Paul was the more trusty and fully faithful to
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him the more others forsook him. And when bishop Thor-lac died Paul showed
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his affectionate friendliness to him more than all his noble friends.
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6.5: But though the renown of bishop Paul was great as was deserved, before
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the saintship of bishop Thor-lac was mooted, it made his repute still higher
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in that he had a mother's brother of true nobility, and many looked for the
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old saw to come true, that 'a man takes after his mother's brother'."
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VII. Mo/dhurbroedhrum verdha menn likastir.
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