741 lines
20 KiB
Plaintext
741 lines
20 KiB
Plaintext
//////////////////////////////////////
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ZMAGAZINE 68 ////////////////////////
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//////////////////////////////////////
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August 28, 1987 (c)1987 Syndicate
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______________________________________
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Publisher/Editor: Ron Kovacs
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Assistants: Ken Kirchner
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Susan Perry
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Rich Decowski
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______________________________________
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Xx ZMAG INDEX 68
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______________________________________
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<*> ZMAG Overseas Newswire
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By: Lennart Olsson
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<*> ZMAG Atari News Update
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From CIS Online Today
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<*> OSS Update
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From OSS BBS
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<*> Product Review
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-The Spider-
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<*> CompuServe Atari8 Bulletin
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<*> ZMAG Update
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<*> Carina II Preview
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______________________________________
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Xx ZMAG OVERSEAS NEWSWIRE
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..Excerpts from Lennart Olsson..
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______________________________________
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EasyPlex
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Date: 25-Aug-87 23:30 EDT
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From: Lennart Olsson
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Subj: Hello Again!
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Hello Ron!
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Long time since you heard from me? I
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think it's a little too long...
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I now know where and when I will go to
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the U.S. The seminar will be in
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Dallas, Texas. We will travel there
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via New York. We'll change plane there
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13 and 17 september. I can give you
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more details if you want......
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I got a glance at the Mega 4 ST and
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the laser printer last week. Seemed
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rather nice. However, no laser printer
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drivers were available yet...Atari
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Corp. Scandinavia will set up a
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meeting this fall with all user group
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officials, sysops, etc. A brand new ST
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user group was formed in Stockholm
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during the summer. I don't know
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anything more about it yet. Atari
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Corp. Scandinavia is planning to set
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up an own BBS this fall.
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Ok, that's it for this time. Perhaps
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we could meet in N.Y?
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Have a nice time!
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Lennart
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______________________________________
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Xx ZMAG ATARI NEWS UPDATE
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..From CIS Online Today/AP
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______________________________________
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August 24, ATARI CORP. TO BUY CHAIN
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Atari Corp. wants to buy the Federated
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Group Inc.'s 65-store retail
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electronics chain for $67.3 million.
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By this Friday, it will tender an
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offer for the 10.7 million outstanding
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shares of Federated stock, seeking to
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gain control of stores in California,
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Arizona, Texas and Kansas.
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According to The Associated Press,
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Federated's seven-member board
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unanimously approved the $6.25-a-share
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offer, noting the firm -has had
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trouble finding retailers for its
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products. Among other things, the
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merger hinges on the approval of
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Federated's lenders.-
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Federated lost $895,000 in the first
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quarter ended May 31, compared with a
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profit of $662,000 for the same period
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last year, the wire service says.
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Sales rose 2 percent to $91.1 million.
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Atari's own financial picture has
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improved lately. In the latest
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quarter, its profits were up 39.3
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percent to $13.54 million, while
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revenue rose 16.4 percent to $70.69
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million.
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August 25, ATARI NOT RULING OUT
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Atari Corp.'s move this week to
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acquire a retail electronics chain is
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not an isolated event. -If other
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transactions come along that fit into
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our business plans, we'll do
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additional acquisitions,- says Atari
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treasurer Steve Kawalick.
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Atari Corp. wants to buy the Southern
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California-based Federated Group
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Inc.'s 67-store chain for $67.3
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million, a move that would give it
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control of stores in California,
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Arizona, Texas, Kansas and New Mexico.
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The Associated Press reports that the
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deal, which is subject to approval by
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a five-bank consortium that has
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extended Federated a $48 million line
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of credit, was worked out with
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Federated founder/chief executive
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Wilfred Schwartz, who will continue to
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run Atari's Federated subsidiary.
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Schwartz told AP, -It's a marriage
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made in heaven. We felt we wanted to
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augment our resources with the human
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and financial resources available
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through a union with an extremely
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strong winner.-
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The wire service notes, -Most of
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Federated's stores cover half an acre
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and boast a vast selection of
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electronic specialty merchandise,
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including Atari's bottom-line personal
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computers.-
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Atari's Kawalick comments, -This
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particular acquisition gives us
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additional distribution channels in
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certain parts of the country.-
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August 28, TRAMIEL SAYS PURCHASE ...
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Atari Corp. Chairman Jack Tramiel says
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his firm's acquisition of the 67-store
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Federated Group electronics store
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chain will be a mighty tool against
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Japanese competitors.
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Tramiel told The Associated Press,
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-Our Japanese counterparts all have
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their own stores in Japan. I like to
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copy success.-
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He also said that there are -no
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consumer electronics companies today
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in the United States. We need to
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rebuild that and I think we can do
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it.-
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Atari revealed Monday that it is
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acquiring Federated, which has stores
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in five Western states, for $67.3
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million.
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AP quotes Tramiel as saying that
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Federated was bought in order to
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reduce the time it takes for products
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to be accepted by dealers. And -the
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move will also spread research and
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development costs over a larger
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organization,- the wire service said.
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Federated has lost money recently to
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the tune of $5.2 million in the fiscal
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year ending last February, but Tramiel
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says it will start making a profit now
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-by slowing its recent expansion drive
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and gaining from more advertising and
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the addition of new Atari products,-
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AP reports. --Charles Bowen;Online
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Today
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______________________________________
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Xx OSS UPDATE
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...from the OSS BBS (408-446-3451)...
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______________________________________
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The Official Procedure:
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To Turn a SuperCart OFF:
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1> Close I/O Channel 0
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2> Wait for the LSB of RTCLOK ($14) to
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change value.
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3> Do an SEI
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4> Save $AFFF ... this is the 'cart
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status' register ... you'll need it
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if you wish to restore the cart
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5> STA $D508. This turns the cart
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OFF.
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6> Poke $3FA(GINTLK), 0 to tell the OS
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that there is no cart installed.
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7> Poke $6A(RAMTOP),$C0 to tell OS
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that full RAM is available.
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8> Do a CLI
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9> Open #0,12,0,-E:-
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To Turn a Supercartridge back ON:
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1> Perform steps 1-3 from above.
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2> LDX with 'cart status' value saved
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in step 4 above.
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3> STA $D500,X. This turns cart ON
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4> Poke $3FA,1 to tell OS that there
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is a cart.
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5> Poke $6A,$A0 to tell OS that less
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RAM is available.
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6> Perform steps 8-9 from above.
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Notes:
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These should be obvious, but if you're
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a space case like me...
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The ON/OFF code MUST be 'safe'. That
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is, if RAM resident, it should not be
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overwritten by any application you may
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be running, whether under Cart control
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or not. (Especially the $AFFF value if
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you'll want to turn the cart back on!)
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Disk .COM files are a viable
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alternative.
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Once the cart is off, there MUST be a
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program IN PLACE to take over control
|
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of the computer! That may be DOS or it
|
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might be your own code.
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Depending on exactly what you're
|
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doing, some sort of RESET handler
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might prove useful.
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Again depending on application, XL/XE
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users may want to add PORTB
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manipulations.
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______________________________________
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Xx PRODUCT REVIEW
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______________________________________
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The first developer kits for the
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4-port Spider were shipped on July 1.
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These kits consist of a 4-port Spider
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plus technical documentation required
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to program applications on the device.
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The Spider is a multiple RS232 port
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interface. It requires connection to
|
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a host system through an RS232 port.
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This uses one of the four ports on
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this Spider, leaving three ports for
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connection to other RS232 devices,
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including additional Spiders.
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If you purchase a Spider developer's
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kit, you also get a password allowing
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access to a developer's subboard here
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on Nite Lite. In this subboard is a
|
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message base and a file transfer
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section containing Spider command sets
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and other developer aids for the
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Spider.
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I will be shipping the first Spiders
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(without developer's kits) within two
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weeks of July 1. The manuals
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accompanying these Spiders contain all
|
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the information for programming
|
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applications on the host computer
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using the Spider's built-in command
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set. A Spider can be connected to any
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computer that has a standard RS232
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port. Each port on the Spider can be
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programmed to run at a selection of 14
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baud rates from 50 to 19200 baud.
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Parity, word length, number of stop
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bits, etc., are selectable
|
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independently for each port. Some
|
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command sets and independent
|
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applications will be available for
|
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free distribution. One application
|
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planned is a multiline chat board that
|
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runs completely within the Spider, not
|
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requiring a host computer once it has
|
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been booted from a host. It can be
|
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run, once booted, to support three
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lines plus a local line connected to a
|
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host or to support four lines with no
|
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connection to the host.
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Prices on these products are as
|
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follows:
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4-port Spider w/documentation-$199.95
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Developer's kit (4-port Spider,
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technical doc plus password for access
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to the Spider development subboard)-
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$299.95
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Mass. residents add 5% sales tax to
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the above prices. No COD orders. Mail
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orders to:
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Nite Lite Systems
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P.O. Box R
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Billerica, MA 01821
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______________________________________
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Xx MACHINE LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING PART 3
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______________________________________
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By Dr. Warren G. Lieuallen
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In previous discussions, we have
|
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examined both how to load and store
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a machine language program, and a
|
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simplistic view of how the hexadecimal
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codes produce any meaningful results.
|
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This article will now deal with the
|
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specific commands available in the
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assembly language, and how they work
|
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to comprise a complete, working
|
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program.
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To make machine language programming a
|
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little easier for human beings, it was
|
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decided that the numerical codes which
|
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represent the actual commands would be
|
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given an associated -mnemonic- word,
|
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or label, describing the command. A
|
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mnemonic is simply something which
|
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makes remembering easier, due to
|
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associations which may be made between
|
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the mnemonic itself and the item being
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remembered. In other words, the
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command which is represented by the
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number 76 (or -4C- in hexadecimal) is
|
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also indicated by the mnemonic label
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-JMP-, which stands for -jump-. This
|
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JMP command is very similar to the
|
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GOTO command in BASIC, which is
|
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essentially a -jump- in the program's
|
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execution. So, by remembering -JMP-,
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you can remember how this command
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functions (just like remembering
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-GOTO- in BASIC.).
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All the mnemonic labels have been
|
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reduced to three letters in length for
|
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the sake of consistency. Therefore,
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it's not too difficult to create a
|
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program which will accept the three-
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letter mnemonics, and convert them
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into the appropriate numerical codes,
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thereby saving us the trouble of
|
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looking all of them up in a table and
|
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performing the conversion ourselves.
|
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This is exactly what the various
|
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assembler/editor programs do (of
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course, they also do a lot more, but
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that's another story, or at least
|
|
another article!). In this way, all
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we need to remember is the mnemonic
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labels, and not concern oursleves with
|
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the actual numerical, hexadecimal
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codes.
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Previous newsletter articles by
|
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Charles Brown have discussed that
|
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everything your Atari does is the
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result of changing certain memory
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locations, either with PEEK's and
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POKE'S, or just with other BASIC
|
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commands, which alter the memory
|
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locations for you (whether you realize
|
|
it or not!). Machine language is no
|
|
different; everything happens because
|
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of changes in the memory locations.
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The only difference is that in
|
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machine language, you do have to be
|
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aware of these changes, because it is
|
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your machine code which will produce
|
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these changes. BASIC's extra -helping
|
|
hand- is no longer available, and much
|
|
of the housekeeping functions must be
|
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dealt with by you directly. In
|
|
actuality, this is not as bad as it
|
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sounds.
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The simple screen-fill routine we
|
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discussed last week will serve as a
|
|
good example. This routine was made
|
|
up of thirty-four numbers, which
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correspond to the thirty-four commands
|
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in this program. Here is the source
|
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code for that program (The -source
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code- is the set of mnemonics,
|
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understood by your assembler, and
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hopefully by you as well; the -object
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code- is the set of numbers generated
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by the source code, and saved as a
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binary load file.):
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Byte 1= PLA - get # of arguments
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CMP #$1 - is it 1?
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BNE #-2 - if not, kill program
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(infinite loop)
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PLA - get MSB of argument (not
|
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needed)
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PLA - get LSB of argument
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(character code)
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TAX - store it in X
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LDA $58 - store contents of $58 in A
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and...
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STA $CC - store A in location $CC
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LDA $59 - store contents of $59 in A
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and...
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STA $CD - store A in location $CD
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TXA - retrieve the argument into A
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LDY #0 - let Y=0
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LOOP->
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STA $CC,Y - store A at location
|
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($CC+Y)
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INC $CC - increment location $CC
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BNE #-6 - if $CC<>0 then go back to
|
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loop
|
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INC $CD - increment $CD
|
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LDX $CD - store location $CD into X
|
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CPX #$A0 - compare X with $A0 (160)
|
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BNE #-14 - if X<>160 then go back to
|
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loop
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Byte 34=RTS - return to BASIC
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|
Depending on your background, this
|
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listing may or may not make any sense!
|
|
What is shows, though, is that this
|
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program works exactly like its BASIC
|
|
counterpart--it places the internal
|
|
code for an asterisk in the memory
|
|
locations corresponding to the
|
|
graphics zero screen display. It does
|
|
this by first checking to see that
|
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only one number was recieved (this
|
|
number [the argument] is the internal
|
|
code for an asterisk, which you
|
|
specified in the USR call from BASIC,
|
|
eg. X=USR(1536,10).). It then
|
|
transfers this value to the X register
|
|
(a special memory location used to
|
|
hold values needed in the program,
|
|
just as variables do in BASIC), and
|
|
then gets and stores the pointer to
|
|
the beginning of screen memory (this
|
|
is location $58 in hexadecimal). It
|
|
then retrieves the character code, and
|
|
begins to place it in the memory
|
|
locations. The rest of the program
|
|
simply counts how many locations have
|
|
been filled, increments the screen
|
|
pointer and stops when one screen-full
|
|
is done! A slightly more detailed
|
|
discussion can be found in -Atari
|
|
BASIC Faster and Better-, by Carl M.
|
|
Evans (published by IJG Enterprises).
|
|
|
|
So, although you may not think so just
|
|
yet, that's all there is to
|
|
programming in machine language. While
|
|
it certainly seems harder than other
|
|
programming languages at first, with a
|
|
little practice and familiarity,
|
|
you'll find that it really is just
|
|
another language in which programs may
|
|
be written. Best of luck!
|
|
______________________________________
|
|
Xx COMPUSERVE ATARI8 BULLETIN
|
|
______________________________________
|
|
Don't forget that Monday night at 9:00
|
|
PM Eastern time, we will be continuing
|
|
our series of ST Emulator COs in
|
|
ATARI16. Our guest this time will be
|
|
Darek Mihocka. Darek is the author of
|
|
the latest ST Emulator,
|
|
ST-Transformer. It emulates the 8-bit
|
|
Atari 800. The emulator will be
|
|
released to the Public Domain in
|
|
ST-Log (from Analog). All SIG*Atari
|
|
members, and other intrested parties
|
|
are invited to attend.
|
|
|
|
[Ed. As you all know, Zmag approached
|
|
Darek a few months ago about his
|
|
transformer. We will be here also to
|
|
capture and see what happens. I hope
|
|
to see John Nagy there to monitor it
|
|
all with us.]
|
|
______________________________________
|
|
Xx ZMAG UPDATE
|
|
______________________________________
|
|
The FCC deadline has been extended
|
|
to September 24, 1987 for comments.
|
|
The deadline for reply comments has
|
|
been extended to October 26, 1987.
|
|
|
|
There is enough time to get your
|
|
opposition letters in the mail. For
|
|
more information on this entire
|
|
subject, download all the support
|
|
files from CompuServe or the Zmag BBS.
|
|
|
|
In your letter, Please emphasize how
|
|
these increased access charges will
|
|
effect you!! Tell the FCC what
|
|
database, BBS, or service you use and
|
|
for what purpose. Include the
|
|
following:
|
|
|
|
-Monthly usage.
|
|
-What you pay now.
|
|
-How access charges would impact your
|
|
use of these services.
|
|
|
|
Current investigation of this matter
|
|
shows the cost will increase by:
|
|
|
|
-- $4.50/hr to the cost involving
|
|
only dial-in service.
|
|
|
|
-- $7-9/hr to the cost of connections
|
|
involving both dial-in and dial-out
|
|
access.
|
|
|
|
-- $7-9/hr access charge for PCP users
|
|
|
|
-- $4.50/hr for access to CompuServe,
|
|
The Source, Quantum, GEnie.
|
|
|
|
Address your letters to:
|
|
|
|
The Honorable Dennis Patrick,
|
|
Chairman
|
|
Federal Communications Commission
|
|
Washington, DC 20554
|
|
|
|
with copies to:
|
|
|
|
Secretary
|
|
Mr. William J. Tricarico
|
|
|
|
The Cheif
|
|
Common Carrier Bureau
|
|
Mr. Gerald Block
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|
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and copies to:
|
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|
|
Commissioner James Quello
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|
Commissioner Mimi Weyforth Dawson
|
|
Commissioner Patricia Diaz Dennis
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|
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|
On the letter indicate:
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|
-RE:CC Docket 87-215-
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|
|
|
Look for more information next week
|
|
in Zmag..
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|
|
|
We have also been given an interview
|
|
with Keith Ledbetter, done by
|
|
Chuck Leazott. We will publish this
|
|
interview starting with Issue #71.
|
|
We will divide it into 3 parts.
|
|
______________________________________
|
|
Due to pressing matters, I had to
|
|
re-edit this weeks edition. Articles
|
|
scheduled to run this week have been
|
|
reassigned for future issue.
|
|
|
|
Last weeks User Group Focus brought
|
|
commentary by one of our readers. I
|
|
read the users Email to me on the
|
|
BBS, But due to the Email message
|
|
base crash this week, I lost all the
|
|
information sent in.
|
|
|
|
Since we are trying to keep Zmag
|
|
current as possible, news items will
|
|
take priority over special features.
|
|
Next week, we will continue the 65XE
|
|
upgrade originally lined up for
|
|
publication this week.
|
|
|
|
The Wizard, Mike Brown will return
|
|
next week.
|
|
|
|
This week we will release ST-Report
|
|
number 6.
|
|
______________________________________
|
|
Xx CARINA II PREVIEW
|
|
______________________________________
|
|
Welcome to your preview of:
|
|
|
|
Carina BBS: Version II
|
|
|
|
Brought to you by Drummer Boy
|
|
|
|
This is a captured text file that has
|
|
been re-edited. I called Jerry and
|
|
asked to see what he'd done with
|
|
version 2.0 of Carina BBS. He put up
|
|
what he had worked on so far. This
|
|
file is what I saw as Jerry walked me
|
|
through this early (uncompleted)
|
|
version. Jerry agreed that it would
|
|
be a good idea for all of you who have
|
|
access to level 3 on Carina BBS to see
|
|
this file to get an idea of what's
|
|
going on, what's new, and how it'll
|
|
work. So make up your wish list,
|
|
study this, and let Jerry know your
|
|
constructive criticisms.
|
|
_____________________________________
|
|
|
|
Calling Carina Version 2.0 on Tuesday,
|
|
July 14th at 1:25 am.
|
|
|
|
AT DP 305-747-9196
|
|
|
|
CONNECT
|
|
|
|
Press |RETURN|
|
|
|
|
Connected at 1200 baud in ATASCII
|
|
|
|
Name or Account #: 1/CARINA
|
|
|
|
[Editor's note: As you can see, there
|
|
are now account numbers, and you do
|
|
not have to wait for another prompt
|
|
for p/w input. From now on, all
|
|
comments made by me shall be in
|
|
[brackets] and introduced by -Ed:-.]
|
|
|
|
Hello There >>> JERRY HORANOFF
|
|
|
|
Caller # >>> 1
|
|
|
|
|Carina II|BBS-305-747-9196|Voice-9195|
|
|
|
|
Section > Electronic Mail -
|
|
Minutes > 050
|
|
Command :
|
|
|
|
|Terminal/Chat|
|
|
|
|
There is a configuration to make it
|
|
not ask if you wanted to change the
|
|
header or not... that is why it did
|
|
not ask (in the case you were wonder-
|
|
ing).
|
|
|
|
Don't worry about it - let's see the
|
|
guts!
|
|
|
|
gotcha...
|
|
|
|
|End Term/Chat|
|
|
|
|
Section > Electronic Mail -
|
|
Minutes > 050
|
|
Command : Menu
|
|
|
|
[Ed: As you can see, we are already in
|
|
a -section.- Actually, it's another
|
|
way of dividing the BBS into special
|
|
interest groups (SIGs). Currently
|
|
we're in the Electronic mail section.
|
|
Now, for that long awaited new menu!]
|
|
|
|
|Read |R|Ctrl-R|Read Messages |
|
|
|Scan |S|Ctrl-S|Scan Msg Headings|
|
|
|Post |P|Ctrl-P|Post a Message |
|
|
|Feedback |F|Ctrl-F|Message to SysOp |
|
|
|Sections |+| +|Section Titles |
|
|
|Go |G|Ctrl-G|Go to New Section|
|
|
|Topics |T|Ctrl-T|Message Topics |
|
|
|Games |^| ^|Play a Game |
|
|
|Logoff |L|Ctrl-L|Exit BBS |
|
|
|Chat |C|Ctrl-C|Chat with SysOp |
|
|
|Databases|*| *|Read a Database |
|
|
|Users |U|Ctrl-U|List of BBS Users|
|
|
|Status |%| %|Your Status |
|
|
|Settings |S|Ctrl-S|Change Settings |
|
|
|Vote-Poll|V|Ctrl-V|Voting Poll |
|
|
|BBS-List |&| &|List of BBS's |
|
|
|Bulletins|=| =|Current Info |
|
|
|Callers |N|Ctrl-N|Today's Callers |
|
|
|Menu |?| ?|This Menu |
|
|
|Help |!| !|Extensive Help |
|
|
|Directory|D|Ctrl-D|Download Files |
|
|
|Browse |B|Ctrl-B|File Descriptions|
|
|
|Download |<| <|Download a File |
|
|
|Upload |>| >|Upload a File |
|
|
[Ed: Looks like Jerry has gotten rid
|
|
of the File-Tran/Sub-Cmds modules.
|
|
You'll see why later. But look, for
|
|
those users who complain, now you've
|
|
got those 1 key commands. > = U/L.]
|
|
|
|
Look for more from this text demo in
|
|
the weeks ahead.
|
|
______________________________________
|
|
ZMAGAZINE 68 August 28, 1987
|
|
______________________________________
|