647 lines
27 KiB
Plaintext
647 lines
27 KiB
Plaintext
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***********************************************************
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* *
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* *
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*^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^*
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* Modern Database of Network Terms *
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* *
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* Alphabetically Listed *
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* *
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* Part 2 *
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*^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^*
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* *
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* Another Modernz Presentation *
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* *
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* by *
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* Digital-demon *
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* *
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* (C)opyright December 30,1991 *
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***********************************************************
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***********************************************************
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The Modernz can be contact at:
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MATRIX BBS (908)905-6691
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The Church of Rodney (908)830-7960
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Hellfire BBS (908)495-3926
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and any of numerous boards around the country
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***********************************************************
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Continuation of the databse of network terms.
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(I'm too lazy to write anything more at this point in time.)
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_-DEMON
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**********************************************************
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BABT
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====
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British Approvals Board for Telecommunications.
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background process
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==================
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A scheduled job used for tasks requiring a large amount of processing
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time in an ISIS node. The background process is the level at which the
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bulk of the processing is done and is given long periods of time at
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irregular intervals. Background processes are executed when no
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foreground (real time) processes are due to run and can be interrupted
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by a foreground task. Also called background job.
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Contrast with foreground.
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backplane
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=========
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A printed circuit board with pin connectors on the back to accommodate
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buses, jumpers, and/or terminator boards; the front of the board allows
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system control boards to be plugged into it. The backplane provides the
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means for interboard communication. There are a variety of backplane
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architectures; BT North America uses two: BT North America propriety
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backplane design (for the Engine family) and the VMEbus (for the
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Turbo Engine).
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backpressure
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============
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The process by which data flow (in one direction, on an individual
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virtual circuit) is temporarily stopped.
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backward channel
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================
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A channel used for supervisory and/or error control signals transmitted
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from the receiving terminal back to the sending device.
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Bad Acknowledgment (BAD ACK)
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============================
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An error condition on a link when a frame has been received with an
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invalid ACK field.
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bad BORI
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========
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An error condition on a synchronous line in which the first few bits of
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a potential frame do not match any valid BORI. See Beginning-of-Record
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Indicator (BORI).
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Bad Guy list
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============
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A list of nodes that are not valid neighbors for a node.
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Contrast with Good Guy list.
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bad record number
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=================
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An error condition on a link in which a frame has been received with
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an invalid frame (record) number.
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ball logic
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==========
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The use of BT North America-specific, end-to-end messages signaling
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specific virtual circuit conditions. This convention of individual
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signals can be used if both ends agree on the alternate protocol. The
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TYMNET network uses the following ball messages: Black Ball, Glass
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Ball, Gray Ball, Green Ball, Orange Ball, Red Ball; each is defined
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in this glossary.
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band
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====
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In the electromagnetic spectrum, a frequency range between two defined
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limits assigned to a specific purpose. For example, voice-grade
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circuits of 300 to 3300 Hertz.
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bandwidth
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=========
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The difference between the highest and lowest frequencies of a band,
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expressed in Hertz.
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base
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====
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A type of interface between a host computer and TYMNET data to be fed
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directly into the host computer memory through Direct Memory
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Access (DMA).
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baseline release
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================
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A TYMNET network software release that contains the latest supported
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versions of software and documentation.
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BASIC
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=====
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Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Interchange Code. A high-level
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interactive programming language frequently used with personal
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computers and in time-sharing environments.
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Basic Bisync Extension-cord Service (BBXS)
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==========================================
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Now called RJE/HASP Service, this service allows 2780/3780/HASP
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devices to remotely access hosts over packet-switching networks.
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Can be configured as a TIF or a HIF. Also called Remote Job Entry
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(RJE) interface. Although the name of this service has changed, the
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product ID remains BBXS.
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Basic Rate Interface (BRI)
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==========================
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An interface to Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), used for
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individual subscriber terminal equipment. The BRI uses a medium-speed
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digital connection of 144 kbps to provide 2 B-channels and 1 D-channel.
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The B-channels (bearer channels) operate at 64 kbps and carry voice,
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circuit-switched data, and packetized data. The D-channel (signaling
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channel) operates at 16 kbps and carries signaling for all B- and
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D-channels, and packetized data. See Primary Rate Interface.
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Basic Telecommunications
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========================
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An IBM communication access method that permits Access Method (BTAM)
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read/write communications with remote devices.
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batch processing
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================
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A method of processing (on a computer system) that requires similar
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input items to be coded and grouped prior to processing.
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baud
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====
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Unit of signaling speed.
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baud rate
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=========
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The rate of speed (number of times) per second a signal is altered.
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The number of bits represented by a baud depends on the encoding
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technique. If each baud represents one bit condition, the baud rate
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equals bits per second (bps).
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Baudot
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======
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A 5-bit, 58-character alphanumeric code originally developed for the
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transmission of data on teletype equipment.
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BBXS
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====
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Product ID for RJE/HASP Service (previously called Basic Bisync
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Extension-cord Service). This service allows 2780/3780/HASP devices
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to remotely access hosts over packet-switching networks. Can be
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configured as a TIF or a HIF. Also called Remote Job Entry (RJE)
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interface.
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BCB
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===
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Block Control Byte. Transmission control byte to control flow of data
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over a link.
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BCD
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===
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Binary Coded Decimal. A code for decimal notation in which the digits
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are represented by a 4-digit binary code, in an 8, 4, 2, 1, weighted
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notation.
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BCS
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===
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Block Check Sequence. Error detection technique used to determine
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whether the block is structured correctly. Two examples are checksum
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and Cycle Redundancy Check (CRC).
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Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Interchange Code (BASIC)
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========================================================
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A high-level interactive programming language frequently used with
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personal computers and in time-sharing environments.
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Beginning-Of-Record Indicator (BORI)
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====================================
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A series of synchronization pulses at the beginning of a frame.
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A 4-bit open flag of a TYMNET packet.
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beta test
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=========
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An NTD development phase involving testing. These tests are conducted
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at customer sites to verify functional soundness of a new or enhanced
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product and to ensure that the product performs at an acceptable level.
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Also called field trial.
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bidirectional
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=============
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A data bus in which digital information can be transferred in either
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direction.
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binary
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======
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A numbering system (radix) using only the digits 0 (off) and 1 (on).
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Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)
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==========================
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A system of representing decimal numbers. Each decimal digit is
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represented by four binary digits. For example, in the 8-4-2-1 coded
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decimal notation, the number 37 is represented as 0011 0111.
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Binary Image Transport System (BITS)
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====================================
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A program that provides down-line loading and dumping. Used to
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transfer files between a UNIX host computer and a target Engine or
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Turbo Engine. BITS replaces the Engine LOAD-II, Engine Load Facility
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(ELF), and Merge and Link ISIS Nodes (MERLIN) facilities.
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Binary Synchronous Communication (BSC)
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======================================
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A character-oriented protocol developed by IBM, which transmits
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binary-coded data synchronously over a link connection. BSC uses a
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defined set and sequence of control characters. See Extended Binary
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Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC).
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Binary Synchronous Operations Manager (BOM)
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===========================================
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A subprocess of the 3270 (IBM) terminal and host interfaces. BOM
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allows a user to query and control the polling of 3270-type devices.
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It can be accessed through Dynamic Debugging Tool (DDT), or for more
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recent versions, a standard login to the BOM host.
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bis
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===
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Used in CCITT Recommendations to mean the second part or addendum.
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Used when there is a variation in the definition to meet a specific
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purpose. See also ter.
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bisync
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======
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IBM term referring to binary synchronous communication.
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bit
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===
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The smallest unit of information used by the system. A digit in the
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binary numbering system. Bit equivalents for the BT North America
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Engine processor are as follows:
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4 bits = 1 nibble
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2 nibbles = 1 byte
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8 bits = 1 byte
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1 byte = 1 ASCII character
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2 bytes = 1 halfword or 16 bits (can convey pictographs such as
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Japanese or Chinese characters)
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2 half-words= 1 fullword (32 bits)
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Bit equivalents for the Turbo Engine processor are as follows:
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8 bits = 1 byte
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2 bytes = 1 word (16 bits)
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4 bytes = 1 longword (32 bits)
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bit array
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=========
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A group of individual bits that describe, to a programmer, a condition
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in the program. See flag.
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bit-oriented
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============
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A protocol that can convey control information based on the value and
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position of a single bit. This bit pattern represents a flag
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character, which separates distinct groups of data bits. Sometimes
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referred to as bit-and-position-oriented. Examples of this protocol
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are HDLC and SDLC link-level protocols.
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BITS
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====
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Binary Image Transport System. A program that provides down-line
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loading and dumping. Used to transfer files between a UNIX host and
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computer and a target Engine or Turbo Engine. BITS replaces the Engine
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LOAD-II, Engine Load Facility (ELF), and Merge and Link ISIS Nodes
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(MERLIN) facilities.
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bits per second (bps)
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=====================
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The basic unit of rate measurement in data communications. The rate at
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which bits are represented over an analog or digital communications
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path. Bits per second is an information transfer rate, as opposed to
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baud, which is a signaling rate.
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Black Ball
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==========
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A message between two nodes indicating data loss. Also called ISIS
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Dispatcher message type A4.
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block
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=====
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A group of bits or characters transmitted as a unit. Included in this
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group is an encoding procedure for error control purposes.
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Block Check Sequence (BCS)
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==========================
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Error detection technique used to determine whether the block is
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structured correctly. Two examples are checksum and Cyclic Redundancy
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Check (CRC).
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Block Control Byte (BCB)
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========================
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Transmission control byte to control flow of data over a link.
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BND
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===
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Bound file. A machine-language file generated by MERLIN for an Engine
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communications processor containing Kernel code and one or both of the
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following: Node Code, NAD Image Binary (NIB) files for interface slots.
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board
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=====
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Printed circuit board.
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BOC
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===
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Bell Operating Company.
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BOM
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===
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Binary Synchronous Operations Manager. A subprocess of the 3270 (IBM)
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terminal and host interfaces. BOM allows a user to query and control
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the polling of 3270-type devices. It can be accessed through Dynamic
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Debugging Tool (DDT), or for more recent versions, a standard login
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to the BOM host.
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boot
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====
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A special program (in PROM) that performs loading and dumping
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functions.
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bootstrap program
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=================
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A program that enables a node to receive code and to initialize
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software.
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BORI
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====
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Beginning-Of-Record Indicator. A series of synchronizatkon pulses
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at the beginning of a frame. A 4-bit open flag of a TYMNET packet.
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BORI zap
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========
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The process by which a node forces a link to go down by sending a
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reset pattern to the neighbor node.
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Boss circuit
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============
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A virtual circuit from the MUX user's terminal to the ISIS slot
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containing the MUX application program. Used to control other
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circuits assigned to the user.
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bound file (BND)
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================
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A machine-language file generated by MERLIN for an Engine
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communications processor containing Kernel code and one or both of
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the following: Node Code, NAD Image Binary (NIB) files for interface
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slots.
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bps
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===
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Bits per second.
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breakout box
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============
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Test equipment used to individually separate each RS-232-C, V.24, or
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V.35 communications signal for observation.
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breakout cable
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==============
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Various types of I/O cables used for connecting BT North America
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hardware products to the network or to other devices.
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breakout panel
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==============
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Hardware used to separate RS-232-C signals into individual signal
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port and cables.
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breakpoint
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==========
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A specified point in a program at which the program can be interrupted
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by manual intervention or by a control routing. Breakpoints are
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generally used as an aid in testing and debugging programs.
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BRI
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===
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Basic Rate Interface. An interface to Integrated Services Digital
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Network (ISDN), used for individual subscriber terminal equipment.
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The BRI uses a medium-speed digital connection of 144 kbps to provide
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2 B-channels and 1 D-channel. The B-channels (bearer channels) operate
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at 64 kbps and carry voice, circuit-switched data, and packetized data.
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The D-channel (signaling channel) operates at 16 kbps and carries
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signaling for all B- and D-channels, and packetized data.
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See Primary Rate Interface.
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bridge
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======
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A connected device that permits communications between Local Area
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Networks (LANs) supporting similar protocols, which are logically or
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physically separated from each other. For example, using ring
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topology, two rings can be linked together over a bridge. The bridge
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switches the data from one ring to another.
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BSC
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===
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Binary Synchronous Communication. A character-oriented protocol
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developed by IBM, which transmits binary-coded data synchronously
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over a link connection. BSC uses a defined set and sequence of control
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characters.
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See Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC).
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BTAM
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====
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Basic Telecommunications Access Method. An IBM communication access
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method that permits read/write communications with remote devices.
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bubble
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======
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The process by which a TYM2 link acquires additional channels to
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accommodate new circuits. This is accomplished by assigning additional
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addresses for routing individual circuits across the link. A bubble
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expands a link in increments of 128 channels. This method of link-level
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traffic management is similar to Statistical Time Division
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Multiplexing. Contrast with shrink.
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buffer
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======
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A storage area used to compensate for a difference in data flow rate
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when data is transmitted from one device to another. Short-term data
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storage.
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buffer character count (BCT)
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============================
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The (approximate) number of bytes currently in each buffer.
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buffer pair
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===========
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A pair of buffers that is associated with each virtual circuit; there
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is one buffer for each direction of data flow. The buffer pair ties
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together two absolute channels of a virtual circuit.
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buffer zap
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==========
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A traffic condition that forces Node Code to reallocate the memory
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buffers of the largest user, due to traffic requirements. This results
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in the user losing data and the initiation of a Black Ball message in
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the direction of the data loss.
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bufferlet
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=========
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A 16-byte area of memory in Node Code where buffered data is stored
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(short term). The 16-byte area of memory contains 14 bytes of data
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and a 2-byte pointer to the next bufferlet.
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bufferlet pool
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==============
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A quantity of unassigned, formatted bufferlets.
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bus
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===
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A circuit that connects a number of locations.
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byte
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====
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A group of consecutive binary digits recognized as one unit by a
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computer. Normally, a byte has 8 bits equivalent to a single character,
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but some computers use 16-bit or 32-bit bytes. See bit. See also word.
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***********************************************************
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|
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Modernz Forever - MATRIX BBS (908)905-6691
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